2025年贵州中考英语二轮复习语法突破课件：专题四代词

第二 部分 专题四　代 词 思维导图串考点 【知识必备】人称代词、物主代词与反身代词一览图 核心考点精讲练 命题点 1 人称代词、物主代词与反身代词 类别 人称 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词 主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性 第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself 复数 we us our ours ourselves 类别 人称 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词 主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性 第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself 复数 you you your yours yourselves 第三人称 单数 he him his his himself she her her hers herself it it its its itself 复数 they them their theirs themselves 1. 人称代词的用法 类别 位置 作用 例句 主格 句首，用在动词前 作主语 I like English very much. 宾格 用在谓语动词或介词后，表示动作或行为的对象 作宾语 Can you look after her while I'm away？(介词之后) The boy asked him for help.(动词之后) 宾格 用在系动词之后 作表语 —Who's the boy in the photo? —It's me.(系动词之后) 2. 物主代词的用法 类别 作用 例句 形容词性物主代词 作定语 Our classroom is very bright. 名词性物主代词 作主语 His bike is new，but mine is old 作宾语 I can't find my pen. Could I use yours？ 作表语 This computer is hers. 与of连用作定语 The red hat of hers is beautiful. 【注意】 ①形容词性物主代词＋名词＝名词性物主代词。如：This is my bag.＝This bag is mine. ②当名词前有形容词性物主代词修饰时，不可以再用a，an，the，this，that等词来修饰。如：my book，前面不可以再加a。 ③形容词性物主代词可与own连用来表示强调，意为“某人自己的”。如：This is her own car. 【拓展】形容词性物主代词的常见固定搭配 on one's own 独自 lose one's life 丧生 lose one's way 迷路 change one's mind 改变主意 make up one's mind 下定决心 take one's time 不着急，慢慢来 with one's help 在某人的帮助下 do/try one's best 尽某人最大的努力 to one's surprise 令某人感到惊讶的是 3．反身代词的用法 位置 作用 例句 动词或介词之后 作宾语 I hope you enjoy yourselves at the party. 系动词之后 作表语 I am not quite myself today. 名词或代词之后或句末 作同位语 The boy made the model plane himself. 【拓展】反身代词的相关短语 lose oneself 迷失自我 enjoy oneself 玩得愉快 talk to oneself 自言自语 keep sth. to oneself 保密 dress oneself 自己穿衣服 by oneself 单独地，独自地 come to oneself 恢复；苏醒 help oneself (to) 自用(食物等) teach oneself＝learn by oneself 自学 look after/take care of oneself 照顾自己 用括号内单词的适当形式填空 1．[2024云南]Nie Er is a great musician in China. We all take pride in (he)． 2．[2024四川达州]There is something wrong with my computer. Could I use _______(you)? 3．[2024甘肃白银]The cat lay on the sofa，washing ________(it)． 4．[2024四川凉山改编]—Is this your dictionary? —No，maybe it's_____(she). She is looking for it. 针对练习 yours him itself hers 5．[2024内蒙古包头]—Space technologies are widely used in different kinds of industries. —I agree. Space exploration benefits ____(we) a lot. 6．[2024四川凉山州]The old man lives by _________(he)，but he doesn't feel lonely. 7．[2024甘肃临夏]Tina had to look after _____(she) younger sister at home last weekend. 8．[2024四川自贡改编]The little girl wants to hide_________(she) under the bed so that others can't find her. us himself her herself 9．After spending 20 years in America，panda Ya Ya finally returned to _____(it) home in Beijing Zoo. 10．Look，the little cats are enjoying _________(they) milk. How relaxed they are! 11．Although the Internet makes _____(we) life easier，it sometimes causes trouble to us. 12．Everyone has advantages，so don't compare ______(you) disadvantages with others' advantages. 13．Those old men seemed to be enjoying ____________(they) in playing Chinese chess over there. its their our your themselves 14．After a busy morning at work，lunchtime gives ____(I) a chance to do many things，such as exercising，reading and watching TV. 15．Their school is very beautiful. _______(we) is even more beautiful. 16．I happened to meet a friend of ______(me) when I was shopping in the supermarket. 17．I don't know what's the matter with me. I'm not ________(I) today. 18．As a volunteer，when we meet people in need，we should help cheer ______(they) up. me Ours mine myself them 19．My friends and I like sports. _____(I) often play basketball together after school. 20．My brother enjoys doing sports and _______(he) favorite subject is PE. We his 1．it，one，this/these与that/those[其他市、州：方框选词：2023.31] 命题点 2 指示代词[其他市、州：方框选词：2023.31] 代词 用法 例句 it 特指上下文提到的对象是同一事物(同类同物) He looked for his watch everywhere，but he couldn't find it. 当说话人对所涉及的人的身份、姓名不清楚或看(听)不出来时，常用it指代 Look at the baby！Isn't it lovely？ 距离、时间或天气 It's getting colder and colder. 代词 用法 例句 one 泛指上下文提及的同类事物中的一个，同类而不同物(同类异物) The scarves are so beautiful. I want to buy one for my mother. this/these ①常用来指代离自己较近的人或物，单数用this，复数用these； ②指代下文要提到的人或物 Please remember this: No pains，no gains. that/those ①指代离自己较远的人或物，单数用that，复数用those； ②常用于比较结构中，代替前面提到的名词，以避免重复 Those people in the car are his brothers and sisters. 2. it的特殊用法 (1) it作形式主语，常用于以下句型： ①It's＋adj. (＋for/of sb.) to do sth. 做某事(对某人来说)是……的/(某人)做某事真……。如： It's very important for us to eat breakfast every day. ②It's time to do/for/that… 是(做)……的时间了。如： It's time to get up. ③It seems that… 好像/似乎……。如： It seems that the boy is very interested in Chinese paintings. ④It's one's turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事。如： It's your turn to clean the classroom. ⑤It's＋adj.＋that从句 ……是……的。如： It's impossible that we finish the work in two days. ⑥It takes/took (sb.)＋一段时间＋to do sth. 做某事花费(某人)多长时间。如： It took him three hours to get to the train station. (2) it作形式宾语，代替由动词不定式或从句等表示的真正宾语，常用在动词find，think，make，consider，feel等词后。如： I find it important to learn history. Ⅰ. 用恰当的指示代词填空 21．Because of the cold weather，the students in Heilongjiang have a longer winter holiday than _______ in Guangdong. 22．—What is the purpose of education in your opinion? —I think ____ is very important to teach students how to learn. 23．I don't think ____ possible to master a language without much memory work. 针对练习 those it it 24．—Hello! May I speak to Jenny? —Hello! _______ is Jenny speaking. 25．I hope my school life of senior high will be more exciting than ______ of junior high. 26．—Camping trips in spring have become very hot in southern China. —Exactly. That's because ___________ areas have warmer weather and an earlier flowering season. that This these/those Ⅱ. 方框选词 27．[2024黑龙江改编]He found __ very interesting to visit Harbin in winter. 28．I guess the population of India will be larger than ____ of China in the future. 29．This year，more communities in China start free courses for the old. People who are over 50 years old can choose ____ to have a try. A．those　B．one　C．that　D．these E．it　F．some　G．this E C B 30．What a lucky day today! I happened to meet Yao Ming on my way to school ____ morning. 31．In my opinion，people working in big cities are more willing to be near nature than ____ in the countryside. 32．Many people go to the countryside ____ days because they want to take in some fresh air. A．those　B．one　C．that　D．these E．it　F．some　G．this G A D ►考向1　普通不定代词 1．both，either，neither，all 与 none 命题点 3 不定代词 代词 用法辨析 both 表示“两者都”，常见搭配both… and…，表示“……和……都”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式 either 表示“两者中的任意一个”，either… or… 表示“或者……或者……”，作主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近一致”原则 代词 用法辨析 neither 表示“两者都不”，neither… nor… 表示“既不……也不……”，连接并列主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近一致”原则 all 表示“三者或三者以上都”，常与of连用 none 表示“三者或三者以上都不”，常与of连用 【注意】 “either/neither＋of＋名词复数/代词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式或复数形式均可。 2．none 与 no one 代词 用法辨析 none 指代人或物 可与of连用，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式或复数形式均可 no one 常指代人 不与of连用，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式 3. other，the other，others，the others与another [详见本书第一部分P2] 4．a little，little，a few与few [详见本书第一部分P5] 5．each 与 every 相同点 “each/every＋名词”作定语时，谓语动词要用单数形式 不同点 each用作形容词、代词，可单独使用 every仅作定语，不可单独使用 each强调个体 every强调整体 each指两者或两者以上的人或事物中的“每一个” every指三者或三者以上的人或事物中的“每一个” each后可加of短语 every后不可加of短语 6. many 与 much 相同点 均表示“很多，许多”，可在句中作主语、宾语、定语，可以与so，too，as，how等连用 不同点 many 指代或修饰可数名词复数 much 指代或修饰不可数名词 7. some 与 any 相同点 均可修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词，表示“一些”，即不确定的数量、数目 不同点 some 一般用于肯定句中，也可用于表示建议或请求的疑问句中，表示说话人希望得到肯定的回答 any 多用于疑问句、否定句或条件句中，用于肯定句时表示“任何(一个、一些)” ►考向2　复合不定代词 1．初中常见的复合不定代词 后缀 前缀 some­ (肯定) any­ (否定/肯定) every­ (肯定) no­ (否定) ­one (指人) someone某人 anyone 任何人 everyone 每人，人人 no one 没有人 ­body (指人) somebody 某人 anybody 任何人 everybody 每人 nobody 没有人 ­thing (指物) something 某事 anything 任何事 everything 每一件事 nothing 没有东西 2. 复合不定代词的用法 用法 例句 由some和any构成的复合不定代词在肯/否定句中的用法与some和any在肯/否定句中的用法基本相同 We need someone to come up with new ideas. She wasn't anybody before she got that job. 形容词或else修饰复合不定代词时需后置 There is something interesting in the book. 复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式 Somebody is talking in the empty house. 用法 例句 含复合不定代词的常用句型 There is something/nothing wrong with… ……出问题了/没有问题。 There is nothing wrong with the car. …have/has something/nothing to do with… ……和……有关/无关 Her job has something to do with computers. sb. can do nothing but… 某人什么都不能做，除了…… Be patient，anyway，you can do nothing but wait. Ⅰ. 用恰当的不定代词填空 33．[2024湖北武汉改编]—More and more teenagers are becoming interested in Xiangsheng and Xiaopin nowadays. —Yeah，that's because ______ can give people a big laugh. 34．[2024吉林改编]Running is getting popular. It is good for our health and it costs _________. 针对练习 both nothing 35．[2024四川雅安改编]—Tommy，is there ________________ in the classroom now? —No. All the students are having a P. E. lesson on the playground. 36．[2024四川眉山改编]I like cycling so much that there is_________ in the world that can bring me such pleasure. 37．I can't understand why Peter bought so many watches but never wears _____ of them. 38．At present，children mean ____________ to most parents in China. anybody/anyone nothing any everything 39．They were all very tired，but ______ of them had a rest. 40．It was a terrible accident. One passenger was killed，and the ______ was badly hurt. 41．Some students think that living on _________ planet is really pleasant. 42．It is polite to take a gift when you visit __________ for the first time. 43．—Shall we go to the science and technology museum this Saturday or Sunday? —__________ day is OK. We can visit there next week. none other another somebody Neither 44．I've visited New York and Los Angeles，but I don't like _____ of them very much. 45．My aunt has worked as a teacher for 20 years，so she has ______ experience in teaching. either much Ⅱ. 翻译句子 46．学习是一生的旅程，因为它每天给我们带来新的东西。 Learning is a life­long journey，for it brings us ___________ ____________ every day. 47．我的宠物猫没有任何特殊的技能，但是我仍然很爱它。 My pet cat doesn't have ____ special ________，but I still love it very much. 48．有一些人浪费粮食，而另一些人却食不果腹。 _______ ________ waste food while others don't have enough food to eat. something fresh/new any skills Some people Ⅲ. 方框选词(单句) 49．[2024甘肃临夏改编]The town is getting more and more beautiful with many flowers on ____ sides of the streets. 50．[2024黑龙江绥化改编]The light went out suddenly. It was very dark and ____ could be seen clearly. A．little　B．neither　C．each D．anything E．both　F．nothing G．fewer E F 51．Little Tom stuck a tiny red flag on ____ side of his face to celebrate his victory. 52．In the past，farmers lived a poor life and had ____ food to eat. 53．After the education reform(改革)，it is hoped that the students will have more time to relax and ____ problems to worry about. 54．You have just read the newspaper today. Did you find ____ interesting in it? A．little　B．neither　C．each D．anything E．both　F．nothing G．fewer A C G D Ⅳ. 方框选词(语篇) Last week，we were told to have a trip to the rainforest. 55.____ was excited about it. That is because 56.____ of us had ever been so far away from home. 57.____ of us couldn't wait to get on board. We were allowed to take 58.____ that would fit in one suitcase(手提箱) and a small carry­on bag. A．something　B．many　C．Everybody　D．few E．none　 F．other　 G．Both　 H．All C E H A Anything else had to be left at home. 59.____ of the bags together could not weigh more than fifty pounds. After we arrived there，we saw 60.____ things such as tall trees and the running rabbits，which made us feel excited. And the air was much fresher than 61.____ places'. It was really a good chance to get close to nature! A．something　B．many　C．Everybody　D．few E．none　 F．other　G．Both　 H．All G B F 疑问代词是用来构成特殊疑问句的代词，一般放在句首。 命题点 4 疑问代词 代词 用法 例句 who “谁(主格)”，用于询问人，在句中作主语、宾语或表语 Who told you the news？(作主语) Who did you meet there？(作宾语) Who is your teacher？(作表语) whom “谁(宾格)”，用于询问人，在句中作宾语 Whom are you talking with？ 代词 用法 例句 whose “谁的”，用于询问所属关系，在句中作定语或表语 Whose book is this? (作定语) Whose is the shirt?(作表语) what “什么”，用于询问事件、东西、职业等，在句中作主语、表语或宾语 What is in your bag?(作主语) What is this?(作表语) which “哪一个”，指在一定范围内的人或物，在句中作主语或宾语 Which is my seat?(作主语) Which picture do you like best？ (作宾语) Ⅰ. 用恰当的疑问代词填空 62．—________ cap is this? Is it Cindy's? —It can't be hers. Don't you remember she didn't even come to the party? 63．—_____________ are Tom and John waiting for at the bus stop? —Their cousin. They plan to go to the library together. 64．—________ book do you like better，Jane Eyre or Gone with the Wind? —Jane Eyre. It shows a woman who has a strong and independent will. 针对练习 Whose Whom/Who Which Ⅱ. 翻译句子 65．谁是你心中最伟大的人？ ______ ____ the greatest person in your heart? 66．当你难过时，你会做些什么来克服不好的感觉？ _______ ________ you do to overcome the bad feelings when you are sad? 67．外表美和内在美，哪个对你更重要？ ________ ____ more important to you，physical beauty or inner beauty？ Who is What do/will Which is $$