Unit 1 Art Reading and Thinking 课件-2023-2024学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册

选择性必修三 Unit 1 Art Love of beauty is teaste. The creation of beauty is art. ----Ralph Waldo Emerson Reading and Thinking 第壹部分 A Short History of Western Painting 西方绘画艺术简史 What is Western art? It is hard to give a precise definition. As there have been so many different styles of Western art, it is impossible to describe them all in a short text. 什么是西方艺术？很难给出一个精确的定义。由于西方的艺术风格多种多样，在短短的一篇课文里不可能进行全面的描述。 It is +adj+to do sth 做某事是....的，it为形式主语，to do为真正的主语 adj. 准确的；精确的 n. 定义 as 引导原因状语从句 there be 的现在完成时 it为形式主语，to do为真正的主语 Perhaps the best way to understand Western art is to look at the development of Western painting over the centuries. 也许了解西方艺术的最好方法就是看看几个世纪以来西方绘画的发展。 to do 作后置定语 to do作表语 The Middle Ages (from the 5th to the 15th century) During the Middle Ages, the purpose of Western art was to teach people about Christianity. Thus, artists were not interested in painting realistic scenes. 中世纪（5世纪到15世纪） 在中世纪，西方艺术的目的是向人们传授基督教。因此，艺术家对写实场景不感兴趣。 ...的目的是... to do作表语 adj.现实的；逼真的 Their works were often primitive and two-dimensional, and the main characters were often made much larger than everyone else to show their importance. This began to change in the 13th century with Giotto di Bondone (1267-1337). 他们的作品通常较为粗糙且二维化，主体人物通常比其他人物大得多，以显示他们的重要性。这种情况在13世纪时因乔托·迪·邦多纳（1267-1337）而开始改变。 adj.原始的；发展水平低的；落后的 adj. 二维的 n. 性格，特征，人物，角色，符号，文字 主语补足语 to do 作目的状语 托·迪·邦多纳 While his paintings still had religious themes, they showed real people in a real environment. In particular, his paintings are set apart from other paintings by their realistic human faces and deep emotional impact. 尽管他的画仍然是宗教主题，但它们展示的是真实环境中的真实人物。尤其是他的画作，因其逼真的人物面貌和深刻的情感冲击而从其他画作中脱颖而出。 while引导让步状语从句 adj.宗教的 尤其；特别 使与众不同；使突出；使优于 adj. 写实的，逼真的 The Renaissance (from the 14th to the 17th century) New ideas and values gradually replaced old ones from the Middle Ages. As a result, painters concentrated less on religious themes. 文艺复兴时期（14世纪到17世纪） 新的思想和价值观逐渐取代了中世纪的思想和价值观。因此，画家较少关注宗教主题。 vt.代替；取代 因此 较少关注 They began to adopt a more humanistic attitude to life. An important breakthrough during this period was the use of perspective by Masaccio (1401-1428). 他们开始持一种更人性化的生活态度。这一时期的一个重要突破是马萨乔（1401-1428）对透视法的运用。 vt.采用 a attitude to/towards 对.....的态度 n.重大进展；突破 n. 透视法；观点 adj. 人文主义的；人道主义的 Influential painters such as Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519), Michelangelo (1475-1564), and Raphael (1483-1520) built upon Giotto and Masaccio’s innovations to produce some of the greatest art that Europe had ever seen. 一些颇具影响力的画家，例如莱昂纳多·达·芬奇（1452-1519）、米开朗琪罗（1475-1564）和拉斐尔（1483-1520），在乔托和马萨乔的创新基础上继续发展，创造出欧洲前所未有的一些最伟大的艺术作品。 adj. 有很大影响力的；有支配力的 n. 创新 在...基础上发展；把...作为...的基础 to do 作结果状语 that引导定语从句，作宾语，修饰art 莱昂纳多·达·芬奇 米开朗琪罗 拉斐尔 Another innovation was the use of oil paints. With their deep colours and realism, some of the best oil paintings look like photographs. 另一个创新是油画颜料的使用。由于其深沉的色彩和现实主义风格，一些油画佳品看上去就像是照片。 看起来像 n.现实主义 油画颜料 While painters as early as Da Vinci had used oil, this technique reached its height with Rembrandt (1606-1669), who gained a reputation as a master of shadow and light. 尽管早在达芬奇时代一些画家就使用油彩绘画，但伦勃朗使得这种技艺达到了顶峰，他拥有“光影大师”的雅称。 while引导让步状语从句 早在...时期 过去完成时 达到顶峰 who引导定语从句，作主语 赢得...的名声 In subject matter, the emphasis increasingly shifted from religious themes to people and the world around us. Kings, nobles, and people of high rank wanted to purchase accurate pictures of themselves and the people they loved. 在题材上，画作重点逐渐从宗教主题转移到人和我们周围的世界。国王、贵族和上流社会人士都想购买自己和所爱之人的精准画像。 n. 强调；重视 从 ...到...转变 n. 贵族 adj. 高贵的 高级的,级别高的 rank n. 地位；军衔；等级 n.&vt. 购买；采购 定语从句，省略who / whom adv.越来越多地 Others wanted paintings showing important historical events or stories from mythology. Finally, most clients wanted paintings that were beautiful and interesting to look at. 其他人则想要展示重要历史事件或神话故事的画作。最后，大多数客户都想要看起来美丽有趣的画作。 V-ing作后置定语 that引导定语从句，作主语，修饰paintings n.神话 n.委托人;客户 重大历史事件 Impressionism (late 19th to early 20th century) The development of Western art slowed until the invention of photography in the mid-19th century. 印象派时期（19世纪后期到20世纪初期） 直到19世纪中叶摄影术发明之前，西方艺术的发展缓慢。 until 引导时间状语从句 n.照相术；摄影 After that, paintings were no longer needed to preserve what people and the world looked like. Hence, painters had to find a new way of looking at their art. From this, Impressionism emerged in France. 在那之后，不再需要绘画来保存人和世界的面貌了。因此，画家们不得不寻找一种新的方式来看待他们的艺术。由此，印象派在法国应运而生。 不再 what引导宾语从句 V-ing作宾语 v. 出现，浮现，露出 从此，由此 v. 保护，维护；保持，维持 The name of this new movement came from the painting by Claude Monet (1840-1926) called Impression, Sunrise. 这个新运动的名字来源于克劳德·莫奈（1840-196）的一幅名为《印象·日出》的画作。 V-ed作后置定语 克劳德·莫奈 In this work, Monet's aim was to convey the light and movement in the scene—the subjective impression the scene gave him—but not a detailed record of the scene itself. 在这幅作品中，莫奈想传达场景中的光线和运动--场景给他的主观印象--而不是场景本身的详细记录。 to do 作表语 v. 表达，传递 adj. 主观的 定语从句，省略that / which adj. 详细的;具体的 While many Impressionists painted scenes of nature or daily life, others, such as Renoir (1841-1919), focused on people. 虽然许多印象派画家描绘了自然或日常生活场景，但其他画家，如雷诺阿（1841-1919年）则以人物为关注对象。 while引导让步状语从句 聚焦于，集中 Unlike the cold, black-and-white photographs of that time period, Renoir’s paintings are full of light, shadow, colour, and life. He sought to show not just the outer image of his subjects, but their inner warmth and humanity as well. 雷诺阿的画作与那个时代冷淡的黑白照片不同，充满了光、影、色彩和生命。他不仅试图展示他笔下人物的外在形象，而且还展示他们内心的温暖和人性。 prep. 不像，和...不同 充满 seek - sought - sought seek to do试图做某事 not just....but....(as well) 不仅...而且... n.人性 外在形象 Modern Art (from the 20th century to today) After Impressionism, subsequent artists began to ask, “What do we do next?” 现代艺术（20世纪至今） 在印象派之后，后来的艺术家开始问“下一步我们该做什么？”。 adj. 随后的；后来的 Painters such as Picasso (1881-1973) tried to analyse the shapes which existed in the natural world but in a new way, with Cubism. Others gave their paintings a realistic but dream-like quality. 像毕加索（1881-1973）这样的画家试图用一种新的方法，用立体主义来分析自然界中存在的各种形状。其他人则赋予他们的画一种写实但又像梦一般的品质特征。 毕加索 which引导定语从句，作主语 give sb. sth. （双宾语） 存在于 Still others turned to abstract art. What they attempted to do was no longer show reality, but instead to ask the question, “What is art?” 还有一些人转向抽象艺术。他们试图做的不再是展示现实，而是提出一个问题“什么是艺术？” 转向 抽象艺术 what引导主语从句 试图做某事 adv. 代替，顶替，反而 主语部分含有do或do的其他形式时，做表语的不定式可省略to。 注意： 这里的do指的是实意动词，不是助动词。只要前面出现do的任何形式，包括did、does、done，都遵循这个规则。 Still others turned to abstract art. What they attempted to do was no longer show reality, but instead to ask the question, “What is art?” 前半句中的表语show reality省略了to，而后半句与之作对比的平行结构to ask the question则是完整的。这种省略to的用法常见于如下情况： (1)两个不定式由连词but、except等连接，如果前面的不定式中有单词do，后面的不定式则省略to。 e.g. I didn't know what to do but read the letter again and again. 除了反反复复读这封信，我不知道该做什么好。 (2)不定式作表语时，前面主语中有do时，不定式的to省略。（注意：这里的do指的是实义动词，不是助动词。只要前面出现do的任何形式，包括did、does、done，都遵循这个规则。） e.g. What I want to do is break this bad habit.我只想戒掉这个坏习惯。 $$