2024年河北省中职英语总复习介词课件

　介词和介词短语 介词 preposition=pre(在...之前) +position（位置） 介于词与词之间 在中间搭建起桥梁，使词与词之间产生时间、空间等关系。 介词是一种虚词，不能单独做句子成分。 位置：介词放在名词、代词（宾格）、动名词（ing）前面。 in/on/at 1. in (1) 用在世纪、年份、季节、月份，不特定的上、下午和晚上等词前面。 It often rains_________ July.七月份经常下雨。 在六月 in June ; 在早、中、晚 in the morning/ afternoon/ evening; 在2008年 in 2008 ; 在春夏秋冬天 in spring/ summer/ autumn/ winter; 在21世纪 in the 21st century in 考点一： 时间介词和介词短语 （2）in+ 时间段 表示“多久之后”，用于将来时 他们再过两天回来。 They will be back in two days. My mother is coming back from England ________about a month. 我母亲大约一个月以后从英国回来。 I will come back in a week. 我一周之后回来。 in 2. on表示在具体的某一天或者某天的上、下午。 She was born________ the morning of May 10th. 她出生于五月十日的早晨。 在一个寒冷的冬天的晚上 on a cold winter night 在2024年11月11号这天 on 11 th November，2024 在周末 on weekends 在儿童节那天 on Children’s Day on 3. at表示在某个时刻或者某个瞬间。 I usually get up ________ 6：00 in the morning. 我通常早上六点钟起床。 at at + 钟点 at night= in the evening 在晚上 at noon 在中午 1.(北京卷)Helen was born February 6,1970. A.in B.at C.on D.to 2.(山西卷)He decided to visit the family Friday night. A.at B.in C.over D.on 3.(湖北卷)We went to the hospital to see one of our friends the afternoon of last Wednesday. A.in B.on C.at D.for 4.(广东卷)Allen suddenly returned home a rainy night. A.on B.at C.in D.by C D B A 4．after (1)“after＋一段时间 ”表示“多长时间之后”，常用于过去时。 他说他五点钟之后会来这儿。 They came back ______ two days. （2）“after＋时间点”，表示将来时间，即特定的未来某个时刻、日期、事件为起点，“在....之后” 晚餐后，我们要去散步。 _______ supper, we will take a walk. 后天: the day ______ tomorrow After after after 5．since “since＋(具体时刻/that从句)”表示“自从……起一直到现在” 用于完成时。 Uncle Li has worked in this factory ________ 2000. 李叔叔自从2000年起就在这家工厂工作了。 6.“for＋(一段时间)”表示“有……之久”，用于完成时。 Uncle Li has worked in this factory ________ over 10 years. 李叔叔在这家工厂已经工作了十多年。 since for 练习： 1. I’m looking after Tom today. He’ s been in my house ________ 8:00 this morning. A. at B. for C. since D. till 2. They have been here _____ five days. A. at B. for C. since D. during C B 7.by + 时间点 “不迟于，截至”， 常用于完成时。 Can you repair my bike ________ Saturday? 星期六之前你能修好我的自行车吗？ 截止到上周末，我们已经种植了2000棵树。 By the end of last week, we had planted 2000 trees. by 8．until (1)until 肯定句：表示“直到.....为止”，谓语动词为“延续性动词”。 We must work here________ ten o'clock. 我们必须一直在这里工作到十点钟。 Please stay here ______ the meeting is over. (2) 用于否定句 表示“直到.....才”，谓语动词为瞬间动词。 I didn’t go to bed _______ my mother came home. until until until 拓展: not …until ….直到…才… He did not go home until he finished his homework. 他直到完成作业才回家。 The little girl did not stop crying until I gave her a piece of biscuit. 直到我给那个小孩儿一块儿饼干，她才停止哭泣。 You must finish the task by the weekend. 你必须再在这周末之前完成这项任务。 9．before 在....之前 吃饭前，要洗手。 Wash your hands before dinner. 10. during 在.....期间 他的爸爸在战争中死亡了。 His father was killed during the war. ( )1.—Junior high school days will be over ________ a week.How are you feeling? C —I'm trying to keep my cool because we've been together ________ three years. A.in; in B.for; in C.in; for 2.He has been working in this school _______ 1990. A. for B. since C. before D. in B 总结 表示时间的介词： in until on before at by after during for since 考点二 表示地点或方位的介词 介词 用法 例子 in 大地点 arrive in Handan arrive in Beijing at 小地点（某一点的位 置） arrive at school 、bus stop 1. 表示地点的介词 2. 表示方位的介词 （1） in / on / to 的区别 in 包括在整体内部 Beijing is _____ the north of China. on 两地接壤 Henan is_____ the south of Hebei. to 不接壤 Japan is_____ the east of China. on in to （2） 表示“前后” 的区别 介词 用法 例子 in front of 在空间外部的前面 He stands in front of the blackboard. in the front of 在空间内部的前面 My teacher stands in the front of the classroom. behind 在空间外部的后面 He stands behind the door. at the back of 在空间内部的后面 Tom sits at the back of the classroom. He sits ____________ (在......前方) the classroom. in the front of There is a tree ___________ the classroom. in front of （3） 表示“上下” 的区别 介词 用法 例子 on 1.在...上面（接触） 2.+楼层 The computer is ____the desk. _____ the third floor over 正上方（不接触） There is a bridge ____ the river under 正下方 The cat is under the chair. above 上方（不垂直）；温度 temperature The temperature is above zero. below 斜下方；温度 The temperature is two degrees below zero. on on over （4） 表示“在...中间” 的介词 介词 用法 例子 between 在两者中间 Tom sits between Lucy and Lily. among 三者及以上中间 The village is located among hills 汤姆坐在露西和莉莉中间。 Can you tell me the diffrence ______ the two pictures? A. among B. in C. and D. between D Tom has always been popular ________ his classmates. 汤 姆 在 他的同学们中一直很受欢迎 Choose between the two. She stood between John and Mary. Their house is hidden among trees. He was standing among the crowd. among Don't sit ________ the two girls. 不要坐在这两个女孩中间。 The village lies_________ hills. 这个村庄坐落于群山之间。 between among （5） 表示“穿过” 的介词 介词 用法 例子 across 表面穿过 过马路/ 桥/ 街道 go across the road/ bridge/ street through 内部穿过 穿过森林 go through the forest past 旁边经过 go past Go_________ the bridge, and you will find the park. 穿过这座桥，你就会找到公园。 The river runs ________ the city. 这条河流经这座城市。 across through 考点三、其他介词/ 介词短语 1.表示手段、工具或方式的介词。 with +具体的、 有形的工具或手段 I write with a pen.我用钢笔写字。 表示“和..一起 ” 表 伴随 I often go to school with my sister. 我经常和妹妹一起去上学。 表示“带有……” She is a girl with blonde hair. 她是一个有金黄色头发的女孩。 by 表示用某种方法、手段（by doing sth）；或泛指使用某种交通工具 (by +交通工具) She makes a living by selling clothes. 她以卖衣服为生。 I go there by bus. 我坐公交车去那儿。 1.表示手段、工具或方式的介词。 in 指用语言、或材料等 Can you sing this song in Japanese ？ 你能用日语唱这首歌吗？ We write in ink.我们用墨水写字。 后加表示颜色或服装 的词表示“穿、戴”； 用于小型封闭型的交 通工具前 She is always in red. 她总是穿着红色的衣服。 He goes to school in a car. 他坐小汽车去上学。 表示方式、方法或手段的介词 on 通过；用；+通信工 具或者电子产品 通过收音机 on the radio 通过电视 on TV 通过互联网 on the Internet 注意：除了 by 之外，in 和 on 也可以表示使用某 种交通工具，但后两者需要使用冠词或形容词，且要 注意与交通工具的搭配。如： by car/ plane /boat＝in a car/ plane/ boat 乘小汽车/飞机/ 小船 by bus/ train/ bike＝on a bus/ train/ bike 乘公交车/火车/骑 自行车 except 表示一种排除关系，意“除 了……之外(不包括……)； 除去”， We have classes every day except Saturday 除了周六，我们每天上课。 besides 表示“除了....还有”（包括） Besides his wife, his daughter also went to see him. 除他妻子外，他的女儿也去 看他了。 2. 表“除了……外”的介词(but, besides 与except) but 表示“除……之外”，侧重 只有；常与“nothing/all ” 表示连用， I can do nothing but wait. 除了等待我别无他法。 except for 表示除....之外 （美中不足） The restarant is good except for the service 34 3. 表“由.....制造”的介词 介词 用法 例子 be made of “由....制造（看的出 原材料）” The table is made of wood. be made from 由....制造（看不出 原材料） Wine is made from grapes. be made into 做成 Bamboo is made into paper. be made in 在....制造 The table is made in China. 介词 用法 例子 against “紧靠，倚着”；“反 对；对抗” Richard was standing with his back ______ a big tree. beside 在....旁边 He sits beside John. near 在.....附近 He stands near John. next to 和.....紧挨着 He sits next to John. 4. 表“在....旁边”的介词 against 5. 介词短语“在树上”和“在墙上” 介词 用法 例子 in the tree 在树上（外来物） There is a bird _____ the tree on the tree 在树上+（原生物） There are some apples ____ the tree. in the wall 在墙上（嵌在墙里） There is a window ___ the wall. on the wall 在墙上 There is a map_____ the wall. in on in on 练习 Look, there is a beautiful bird_______ the tree. A. on B. for C. at D. in D 6. 介词短语“因...而著名”和“作为....而著名” 介词 用法 例子 be famous/ well-known for 因.....而著名 Beijing is famous_____ the Great Wall. be famous/ well-known as 作为....而著名 Tu Youyou is well-known _____a scientist. for as without 意为“无；不；没有”， 表示否定含义，后跟名词、 代词或动名词，其反义词 是 with Fish can't live without water. 鱼儿离不开水。 against 意为“反对；对抗” Class 3 played against Class 1 yesterday. 昨天 3 班和 1 班进行了比赛。 7. 其他常见介词的用法 into 意为“到……里”，常 与动词连用，表示方向 He came into the room and rested. 他走进房间休息了。 of 意为“……的”，表示 所属关系 This is a map of the world. 这是一张世界地图。 for 意为“为；给” My mum bought a pen for me. 我妈妈给我买了一支钢笔。 from 意为“从”，常与 to 连 用 He works from morning to evening. 他从早到晚工作。 42 about 意为“有关；关于”， 后跟内容 Can you talk with me about shared bikes ？ 你能跟我谈一下共享单车吗？ 43 单项填空 C D A ( )1.Don't stay inside ________ such a sunny morning. Let's go out for a walk. A.at B.in C.on D.to ( )2.I won the first prize in the exam, so I was proud ________ myself. A.about B.over C.from D.of ( )3.The “teacher-free exam” means that students take their exams ________ teachers.Students must be more honest. A.without B.against C.through D.by Practice ( )4.—Junior high school days will be over ________ a week.How are you feeling? C A —I'm trying to keep my cool because we've been together ________ three years. A.in; in B.for; in C.in; for D.for; for ( )5.Pandas are much-loved around the world.Unluckily, there aren't many pandas left and they're ________ now.So we must save them. A.in danger B.in order C.in need D.in public 1.—How soon will we get the offer from a new high school? —________ about two months.(2018 年广东) A.In B.For C.Among D.During [点拨]选 A 考查介词辨析。句意：“我们需要多久才能收 到新高中的录取通知书？”“大约两个月之后吧。”在一般将 来时态的句子中，引导时间状语用介词 in，表示“在……之 后”。故选 A。 A 2.It's very kind ________ you to lend me your reusable shopping bags. A.of B.for C.to D.with [点拨]选 A 考查介词辨析。在句型“It's＋adj.＋of/for＋ sb.to do sth.”中，当形容词表示人的品质、性格时，应用介词 of。由空格前面的 kind 表示人的性格，应用 of。故选 A。 A 3.Many young people put mobile games ________ anything else, thinking little of their normal lives. A.along with C.before B.behind D.in front of [点拨]选 C 考查介词辨析。句意：许多年轻人把手机游戏 置于其他任何事情之前，对他们正常的生活考虑甚少。along with 在一起；behind 在……之后；before 在……之前；in front of 为方位介词短语，意为“在某物的前面”，此处表示抽象的 “在……之前”，应用 before。故选 C。 C 4.Could you please give me a hand？I can't complete the task on time ________ your help.(2015 年广东) A.without B.under C.with D.for [点拨]选 A 考查介词辨析。句意：你能帮我一下吗？ 没 有你的帮助，我无法按时完成任务。根据句意可知选 A。 5.Most people are ________ building a paper factory near here.They are worried the river will get polluted.(2014 年广东) A.for B.with C.against D.beyond [点拨]选 C 考查介词辨析。根据第二句话可知空格处应表 示“反对”，应用 against。故选 C。 A C $$