内容正文:
一般现在时
知识精讲
一、一般现在时
表示通常性、规律性、习惯性、真理性的状态或者动作有时间规律发生的事件的一种时间状态。
二、句子结构
主语(第一、二人称、第三人称复数)+do (动词原形)
主语(第三人称单数)+does (动词三单形式)
主语+am/is/are
三、基本用法
用法
示例
表示经常性或习惯性的动作
We get up at six every morning.
我们每天早上六点钟起床。
表示现在的状态、能力、性格
Mr. Wang writes good English but he doesn’t speak well.
王先生的英文写得很好但他说不好。
表示格言或警句
Pride goes before a fall.
骄者必败。
表示永恒的客观真理
The earth moves around the sun.
地球绕着太阳转
四、时间状语
1. 表示频率的副词:sometimes, often, usually, always, never, hardly, seldom…
2. every/once + 名词:every day/ week/ year, once a week/month …
3. 表示时间的短语:twice a day, on weekends, on Mondays…
五、一般现在时三单数动词的变化规律
情况
变形
示例
一般情况
加-s
help-helps
play-plays
以辅音字母+o结尾
加-es
go-goes
do-does
以x, sh, ch, s结尾
加-es
teach-teaches
brush-brushes
以辅音字母+y结尾
变y为i加es
study-studies
try-tries
特殊情况
没有统一的规则
have-has
be-is/am/are
六、相关句式
be动词
行为动词
用法
我是am你是are;is跟着他、她、它;复数都用are。
第三人称单数外,都用动词原形;主语是第三人称单数时动词词尾加-s或-es。
肯定式
I am a student.
我是一名学生。
She likes English.
她喜欢英语。
否定式
I am not a student.
我不是一名学生。
She doesn’t like English.
她不喜欢英语。
疑问式
Are you a student?
你是一名学生吗?
Does she like English?
她喜欢英语吗?
简略
回答
Yes, I am. / No, I’m not.
是的,我是。/ 不,我不是。
Yes, she does. / No, she doesn’t.
是的,我喜欢。/ 不,我不喜欢。
三点剖析
一、考点:
时态是英语学习中的核心内容之一,是英语学习的基础。自然,时态考查是各种英语考试尤其是中考考时的座上宾。动作发生的时间决定时态,时态决定动词的形式,而考卷中的时态题通常没有给出明确的时间标志词,考试需领悟所提供的语境来做出判断。只有推断出动作发生的正确的时间,才可能正确答题,这就要求考生在熟练掌握时态结构、用法并牢记常用的时间状语的基础上,要充分利用上下文中隐含的信息来捕捉时间,找准答题的突破口。
二、重难点:
一般现在时在考试中的重难点是:句子结构、基本用法、标志时间状语、动词的三单变化规律及相关句式的变化。
三、补充点:
1. 表示按计划或安排好的,或将要发生的动作,可用一般现在时表将来。但只限于start, begin, leave, go, come, arrive, return, take place等。
例:My train leaves at 7:00 this morning.
2. 在复合句中,当主句是一般将来时,时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。
例:If it rains tomorrow, we won’t go there.
3. 以here, there 开头的倒装句中,一般现在时表示现在正在发生的动作或存在的状态。
例:There goes the bell. 铃响了。
Here comes the bus. 公交汽车来了。
题模精选
题模一:动词的三单变化规则
例1.1.1 用动词所给适当形式填空。
1. We often_________ (play) in the playground.
2. Mike sometimes _________ (go) to the park with his sister.
3. Tom and his sister _________ (do) their homework after school every day.
4. Nick_________ (not do) his homework on Sundays.
题模二:基本用法
例1.2.1 Jenny_________ English every evening.
A. has study
B. studies
C. study
D. studied
例1.2.2 Wang Mei _________ music and often _________ to music.
A. likes; listens
B. like; listen
C. like; are listening
D. liking; listen
例1.2.3 Linda _________ kites with her parents on the weekends.
A. flied
B. fly
C. flies
D. flew
题模三:句型转换
例1.3.1 He speaks English very well.(改为否定句)
____________________________________________
例1.3.2 Amy likes playing computer games.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答)
_____________________________________________
随堂练习
随练1.1 用动词所给适当形式填空。
1. Daniel and Tommy_________ (be) members of the Reading Club.
2. My cousin sometimes _________ (play) cards with me.
3. His father often _________ (read) books in the library on Saturdays.
4._________ your parents_________ (read) newspapers every day?
5. _________ he_________ (like) the World Cup?
6. The girl_________ (go) to the notional library twice a month.
7. There _________ (be) some water in the bottle.
8. She and I________ (take) a walk together every evening.
随练1.2 Tom and Mike _________ very excited, they will take a trip.
A. is
B. are
C. am
D. were
随练1.3 The picture __________nice.
A. looks
B. is looked
C. look
D. is looking
随练1.4 _________ he like his father and his mother?
A. Do
B. Does
C. Has
D. Have
随练1.5 We will go on a picnic this weekend if it _________.
A. will rain
B. rains
C. rain
D. doesn’t rain
自我总结
三点剖析
作业1 用动词所给适当形式填空。
1. ---What day _______(be) it today?
--- It’s Saturday.
2. He often_________ (have) dinner at home.
3. We_________ (not watch) TV on weekdays.
4. She _________ (go) to school from Monday to Friday.
5. Su Hai and Su Yang _________ (have) eight lessons this term.
6. My aunt _________ (look) after her baby carefully.
7. I _________(be) ill. I’m staying in bed.
8. Mike _________ (clean) his room once a week.
作业2 按照要求改写句子。
1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改为否定句)
______________________________________________________
2. Simon and Daniel like going skating.(改为否定句)
________________________________________________________
3. I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答)
_______________________________________________________
4. She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句,作肯定回答)
______________________________________________________
5. She is always a good student.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答)
________________________________________________________
答案解析
一般现在时
题模精选
题模一:动词的三单变化规则
例1.1.1
【答案】 1. play
2. goes
3. do
4. doesn’t do
【解析】 1. 考查一般现在时。主语是第一人称的复数we,often为一般现在时的时间状语。故填play。
2. 考查一般现在时。主语是第三人称单数Mike,sometimes为一般现在时的时间状语。故填goes。
3. 考查一般现在时。主语是Tom and his sister为复数,every day为一般现在时的时间状语。故填do。
4. 考查一般现在时。主语是第三人称单数Nick,on Sundays为一般现在时的时间状语。故填doesn’t do。
题模二:基本用法
例1.2.1
【答案】B
【解析】 考查一般现在时。 every evening每晚,是一般现在时的时间状语,主语是Jenny为第三人称单数,故选B。
例1.2.2
【答案】A
【解析】 考查一般现在时。often 是一般现在时的时间状语,主语是Wang Mei,为第三人称单数,故选A。
例1.2.3
【答案】C
【解析】 考查一般现在时。 on the weekends是一般现在时的时间状语,主语是Linda,为第三人称单数,故选C。
题模三:句型转换
例1.3.1
【答案】 He doesn’t speak English very well.
【解析】 考查一般现在时的相关句式。主语是第三人称单数he,因此助动词用does,其否定式为主语+ doesn’t +实义动词原形。故填He doesn’t speak English very well.。
例1.3.2
【答案】 Does Amy like playing computer games? No, she doesn’t.
【解析】 考查一般现在时的相关句式。主语是第三人称单数Amy,因此助动词用does,其疑问式为Does+主语+实义动词原形?故填Does Amy like playing computer games? No, she doesn’t.。
随堂练习
随练1.1
【答案】 1. are
2. plays
3. reads
4. Do; read
5. Does; like
6. goes
7. is
8. take
【解析】 1. 考查一般现在时。主语是两者Daniel and Tommy为复数,描述的是主语现在的状态。故填are。
2. 考查一般现在时。主语是第三人称单数My cousin,sometimes是一般现在时的标志词。故填plays。
3. 考查一般现在时。主语是第三人称单数His father,on Saturdays是一般现在时的标志词。故填reads。
4. 考查一般现在时。主语是your parents为复数,因此助动词用do,将其提到主语之前,后面的实义动词用原形。every day是一般现在时的标志词。故填Do; read。
5. 考查一般现在时。主语是第三人称单数he,因此助动词用does,将其提到主语之前,后面实义动词用原形。描述的是主语现在的状况。故填Does; like。
6. 考查一般现在时。主语是第三人称单数the girl,twice a month是一般现在时的标志词。故填goes。
7. 考查一般现在时。there be 句型,be的选取要遵循就近原则,故填is。
8. 考查一般现在时。主语是she and I 为复数,动词要用原形take,every evening是一般现在时的标志词。故填take。
随练1.2
【答案】B
【解析】 考查一般现在时。主语是Tom and Mike为复数,描述的是主语现在的状态。故选B。
随练1.3
【答案】A
【解析】 考查一般现在时。主语是The picture 为单数,故选A。
随练1.4
【答案】B
【解析】 考查一般现在时。主语是he 为第三人称单数,因此助动词用does,提到主语前构成一般疑问句。故选B。
随练1.5
【答案】D
【解析】 考查一般现在时。在复合句中,当主句是一般将来时,时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。故选D。
作业1
【答案】 1. is
2. has
3. don’t watch
4. goes
5. have
6. looks
7. am
8. cleans
【解析】 1. 考查一般现在时。根据答语可知是对today现在时间进行的提问,故填is。
2. 考查一般现在时。主语是he为第三人称单数,often为一般现在时的时间状语。故填has。
3. 考查一般现在时。主语是we为第一人称复数,因此用助动词do,on weekdays为一般现在时的时间状语。故填don’t watch。
4. 考查一般现在时。主语是she为第三人称单数,from Monday to Friday表示是经常反复的发生。故填goes。
5. 考查一般现在时。主语Su Hai and Su Yang为复数,描述的是主语现在的状况。故填have。
6. 考查一般现在时。主语是My aunt为第三人称单数,描述的是主语现在的状况。故填looks。
7. 考查一般现在时。主语是第一人称单数I,故填am。
8. 考查一般现在时。主语是Mike为第三人称单数,once a week 为一般现在时的标志词,故填cleans。
作业2
【答案】 1. Daniel doesn’t watch TV every evening.
2. Simon and Daniel don’t like going skating.
3. Do you do your homework every day? No, I don’t.
4. Does she like milk? Yes, she does.
5. Is she a good student? No, she isn’t.
【解析】 1. 考查一般现在时。主语是Daniel为第三人称单数,因此助动词为does,否定句式为doesn’t +实义动词原形,故填Daniel doesn’t watch TV every evening.。
2. 考查一般现在时。主语是Simon and Daniel是复数,因此助动词为do,否定句式为don’t +实义动词原形,故填Simon and Daniel don’t like going skating.。
3. 考查一般现在时。主语是第一人称单数I,转换为疑问句时,人称要转换为第二人称you,因此助动词为do,疑问式为 “Do +主语+实义动词原形+其它?”,其否定回答用No, I don’t. 故填Do you do your homework every day? No, I don’t.。
4. 考查一般现在时。主语是第三人称单数she,因此助动词为does,疑问式为“Does +主语+实义动词原形+其它?”,其肯定回答用Yes, she does. 故填Does she like milk? Yes, she does.。
5. 考查一般现在时。主语是第三人称单数she,be 动词is提到主语she 之前,构成一般疑问句,否定回答用No, she isn’t. 故填Is she a good student? No, she isn’t.
一般将来时
知识精讲
一、一般将来时
表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态,或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。
二、句子结构
主语+will/ shall + do/be (动词原形)
主语+ be (is/am/are) going to do/be (动词原形)
三、基本用法
用法
示例
will/shall+do
表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态
(往往指事先未思考或计划过的意
图)。
英式英语中shall用于第一人称,will
用于第二、三人称;
美式英语中will可用于各种人称,在
征求意见时常用于第二人称。
1. We will know the result tomorrow.
明天我们就会知道结果。
2. Will you be free this evening?
你今晚有空吗?
be going to do
表示计划、打算去做某事(往往指当
前计划过或思考过的意图或打算);
还可以表示客观迹象表明必将要发
生某事。
1. I’m going to quit my present job.
我打算辞掉现在的工作。
2. Look at the black clouds in the sky. It’s going to rain.
看天空的黑云。要下雨了。
四、时间状语
1. tomorrow, the day after tomorrow 明天,后天
2. next week/ month/ year 下周/月/年
3. in +时间段(对其提问用how soon):in two days 两天后
4. in +过去时间点:in 2020在2020年
5. soon 不久以后
6. in (the) future 将来、未来
五、相关句式
will do
be going to do
肯定式
主语+ will do…
主语+ be going to do…
否定式
主语+ will + not + do…
主语+ be + not + going to do…
疑问式
Will +主语+do…?
Be+主语+ going to do …?
三点剖析
一、考点:
一般将来时的基本用法,以及常用的时间状语。注意will 和be going to do 的用法区别。
二、易错点:
表将来时的其它形式:
1. 现在进行时表将来
下列动词的现在进行时表示将来时:go, come, fly, leave, start, begin, finish, end, arrive.
例:She is leaving for Shanghai tomorrow. 她明天将会到达上海。
The bus is coming. 公交车要来了。
2. 一般现在时表将来
1). 下列动词的一般现在时可以表示将来:come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return,主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。
例:The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。
When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽车什么时候开?十分钟后。
2). if 引导的条件状语从句,主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时表将来。
例:If it doesn’t rain, we will go swimming tomorrow.
假如明天不下雨,我们就去游泳。
3. be about to do 表示马上就要发生的事。一般不再与具体的时间状语连用。
例:Don’t go out. We’re about to have dinner. 别出去了,我们很快就要吃饭了。
4. be to do表示计划中约定的或按职责、义务和要求必须去做的事或即将发生的动作。
例:The president is to visit China next week. 总统下周来访问中国。
题模精选
题模一:基本用法
例1.1.1 He is very busy this week, he _________ free next week.
A. will is
B. is
C. will
D. will be
例1.1.2 _________ your brother _________ a magazine from the library?
A. Are; will borrow
B. Is; going to borrow
C. Will; borrows
D. Are; going to borrows
例1.1.3 If they come, we _________ a meeting.
A. will have
B. have
C. had
D. would have
题模二:句型转换
例1.2.1 I’ll go and join them.(改为否定句)
____________________________________
例1.2.2 Nancy is going to go camping.(改为否定句)
____________________________________
例1.2.3 I’m going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.(变一般疑问句)
____________________________________
例1.2.4 We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.(变一般疑问句)
____________________________________
随堂练习
随练1.1 He _________check his email at the weekend.
A. will be
B. is
C. will
D. is going
随练1.2 I _________ the shops. Can I get you anything?
A. go to
B. went to
C. have gone to
D. am going to
随练1.3 Charlie _________ here next month.
A. isn’t going to working
B. doesn’t working
C. isn’t working
D. won’t work
随练1.4 ---_________ you _________ free tomorrow?
--- No, I _________ free the day after tomorrow.
A. Are; going to; will
B. Are; going to be; will be
C. Are; going to; will be
D. Are; going to be; will
随练1.5 Stop smoking, Joe! You _________ yourself if you keep on doing it like that!
A. have kill
B. will kill
C. kill
D. killed
随练1.6 _________ open the window?
A. Will you please
B. Please will you
C. You please
D. Do you
随练1.7 句型转换
1. People are going to go skating in winter next winter. (改为否定句)
___________________________________________________________
2. There will be two cinemas in that town in one year. (改为否定句)
___________________________________________________________
3. He will come back late tomorrow. (改为一般疑问句,并作否定回答。)
___________________________________________________________
4. There is going to be a new hospital next year. (改为一般疑问句,并作肯定回答。)
___________________________________________________________
自我总结
三点剖析
作业1 He _________ to us as soon as he gets there
A. write
B. will write
C. has written
D. wrote
作业2 Attention, please. There __________ a football game between China and Korea this evening.
A. is going to be
B. has been
C. has
D. will have
作业3 He _________ her a beautiful hat on her next birthday.
A. gives
B. gave
C. will giving
D. is going to give
作业4 --- Shall I come again tomorrow afternoon?
---_________. (好的).
A. Yes, please
B. Yes, you will
C. No, please
D. No, you won’t
作业5 If there is any change to the plan, I _________ you as soon as possible.
A. told
B. have told
C. tell
D. will tell
作业6 The train _________ at 11.
A. going to arrive
B. will be arrive
C. is arriving
D. is going to
作业7 句型转换
1. I’ll go and join them.
否定句:_________________________________
一般疑问句:_________________________________
2. She will have an English lesson the day after tomorrow.
否定句:_________________________________
一般疑问句:_________________________________
3. I am going to shop for cloth this afternoon.
否定句:_________________________________
一般疑问句:_________________________________
4. He is going to see his grandpa tomorrow.
否定句:_________________________________
一般疑问句:_________________________________
答案解析
题模精选
题模一:基本用法
例1.1.1
【答案】D
【解析】 考查一般将来时。next week是一般将来时的时间状语,will +do/be动词原形。故选D。
例1.1.2
【答案】B
【解析】 考查一般将来时。 your brother是第三人称单数,is going to do 计划、打算做某事。故选B。
例1.1.3
【答案】A
【解析】 考查一般将来时。主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时表将来。故选A。
题模二:句型转换
例1.2.1
【答案】 I won’t go and join them.
【解析】 考查一般将来时的句型转换。此句型的否定句:主语+won’t + do.
例1.2.2
【答案】 Nancy isn’t going to go camping.
【解析】 考查一般将来时的句型转换。此句型的否定句:主语+be + not + going to do.
例1.2.3
【答案】 Are you going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow?
【解析】 考查一般将来时的句型转换。此句型的疑问句:Be+主语+going to do? 人称的变化:第一人称变为第二人称。
例1.2.4
【答案】 Will you meet at the bus stop at 10:30?
【解析】 考查一般将来时的句型转换。此句型的疑问句:Will+主语+do? 人称的变化:第一人称变为第二人称。
随堂练习
随练1.1
【答案】C
【解析】 考查一般将来时。at the weekend为一般将来时的时间状语。故选C。
随练1.2
【答案】D
【解析】 考查一般将来时。由句意“我计划要去商店。我能为您带些什么吗?”可知,故选D。
随练1.3
【答案】D
【解析】 考查一般将来时。next month为一般将来时的时间状语。故选D。
随练1.4
【答案】B
【解析】 考查一般将来时。tomorrow为一般将来时的时间状语,主语是第二人称you,主语be +going to +动词原形,主语+will +动词原形,故选B。
随练1.5
【答案】B
【解析】 考查一般将来时。You为第二人称,肯定句结构为:主语+will+ do原形。故选B。
随练1.6
【答案】A
【解析】 考查一般将来时。固定句型Will you please do sth. ? “请您做…?”,故选A。
随练1.7
【答案】 1. People aren’t going to go skating in winter next winter.
2. There will not be two cinemas in that town in one year.
3. Will he come back late tomorrow? No, he won’t.
4. Is there going to be a new hospital next year? Yes, there is.
【解析】 1. 考查一般将来时的句型转换。此句型的否定句:主语+be +not going to do.
2. 考查一般将来时的句型转换。此句型的否定句:There will be ….
3. 考查一般将来时的句型转换。此句型的疑问句:Will+主语+do?
4. 考查一般将来时的句型转换。此句型的疑问句:Be+ there +going to do?
作业1
【答案】B
【解析】 考查一般将来时。as soon as 引导的是从句用一般现在时,主句用一般将来时。故选B。
作业2
【答案】A
【解析】 考查一般将来时。this evening为一般将来时的时间状语。There be句型的将来时句型为There will be…。故选A。
作业3
【答案】D
【解析】 考查一般将来时。next birthday下一个生日,此为一般将来时的时间状语,再由句意可知,故选D。
作业4
【答案】A
【解析】 考查一般将来时。回答词问句的答语有Yes, please(好的,谢谢)或者No, thanks.(不,谢谢)这两种说法。故选A。
作业5
【答案】D
【解析】 考查一般将来时。主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时表将来。再由句意可知,故选D。
作业6
【答案】C
【解析】 考查一般将来时。现在进行时表将来,再由句意“火车即将在11点到达。”可知,故选C。
作业7
【答案】 1. I won’t go and join them.
Will you go and join them?
2. She won’t have an English lesson the day after tomorrow.
Will she have an English lesson the day after tomorrow?
3. I’m not going to shop for cloth this afternoon.
Are you going to shop for cloth this afternoon?
4. He isn’t going to see his grandpa tomorrow.
Is he going to see his grandpa tomorrow?
【解析】 1. 考查一般将来时的句型转换。此句型的否定句:主语+won’t +do;疑问句型:Will+主语+do?
2. 考查一般将来时的句型转换。此句型的否定句:主语+won’t +do;疑问句型:Will+主语+do?
3. 考查一般将来时的句型转换。此句型的否定句:主语+be +not + going to do;疑问句:Be+主语+going to do? 人称变化:第一人称变为第二人称。
4. 考查一般将来时的句型转换。此句型的否定句:主语+be +not + going to do;疑问句:Be+主语+going to do?
形容词副词比较级用法
知识精讲
一、表示“A比B...”:
A + be + 形容词比较级 + than + B (+be). 两者比较。例句:
The lion is stronger than the antelope. 狮子比羚羊强壮。
The antelope is weaker than the lion. 羚羊比狮子弱。
二、表示“A比B做的...”:
A + do + 副词比较级 + than + B (+do). 两者比较。例句:
The mother lion told the baby lion to run faster than the antelope.
狮子妈妈告诉狮子宝宝要比羚羊跑得快。
If the antelope wants to live, he has to run faster than the lion.
如果羚羊想要活下来,他必须比狮子跑得快。
We need to do better than others.
我们需要比其他人做得更好。
三、表示两者之间进行选择,“哪一个更......”:
疑问词+ be/do + 形容词/副词比较级 ,A or B ? 例句:
Which language is more difficult, Chinese or English?
哪一种语言更难,中文还是英语?
Who runs faster, the lion or the antelope?
谁跑的更快,狮子还是羚羊?
四、表示“越来越......”:
比较级+比较级 或 more and more +形容词原形。例句:
It’s getting warmer and warmer when spring comes.
当春天来临时,天气变得越来越暖和。
She is getting more and more beautiful.
她变得越来越漂亮。
五、表示“越......,越......”:
the +比较级,the+比较级。例句:
The more, the better. 越多越好。
The more water you drink, the healthier you are.
你喝水越多,身体越健康。
六、形容词比较级前可用表示程度的副词修饰,如a little, a bit, a great deal, a lot, much, even, still, far, rather, any等。例如:much +比较级,表示“...得多”。例句:
China is much bigger than Japan. 中国比日本大得多。
It’s much easier said than done. 说比做容易得多。(说起来容易,做起来难。)
七、表示“多/大/长/高……几倍”:倍数 +比较级+ than。例句:
The left tree is twice taller than the right tree.
左边的树比右边树的高2倍。(左边树是右边树的3倍高。)
The earth is forty-eight times bigger than the moon.
地球比月球大48倍。(地球是月球的49倍。)
三点剖析
一、考点: than为比较级的标志词,看到题干中有than,首先要考虑使用比较级。
二、易错点:
1. 题干中两者进行比较时,要使用比较级。
2. 表示“越来越......”,注意直接在原词上进行比较级变化的词汇,结构为:比较级+比较级;在原级前加more构成比较级的词汇,结构为:more and more +形容词(类似于提取公因式)。
3. 表示“越......,越......”,注意定冠词the一定不要落下。
三、补充点:在比较级的句子中表示两个中比较突出的时要用the,一般句子中有“of the two”这类意义的词组。如:
He is the thinner of the two boys. 他是两个男孩中比较瘦的一个。
题模精选
题模一:形容词比较级的用法
例1.1.1 The young man drives _________ than he did three months ago.
A. much carefully
B. much more careful
C. much careful
D. much more carefully
例1.1.2 Believe in your teacher. She has various methods to make you speak English _________.
A. clear
B. clearer
C. more clearly
D. most clearly
题模二:副词比较级的用法
例1.2.1 Mobile phones are very popular now and they are _________ than before.
A. cheap
B. cheaper
C. cheapest
D. the cheapest
例1.2.2 用所给词的适当形式填空
The more you learn, the ___________________(great) knowledge you will get.
随堂练习
随练1.1 I think football is _________ than basketball in China.
A. popular
B. more popular
C. most popular
D. the most popular
随练1.2 Usually Xiao Li spends ____ time doing homework than Xiao Chen does.
A. little
B. less
C. few
D. fewer
随练1.3
— Which color do you like_______ , blue or green?
— Blue.
A. good
B. better
C. best
D. the best
随练1.4 The weather is becoming _________.
A. hotter and hotter
B. more hot and hot
C. hoter and hoter
D. more an more hot
随练1.5 Which is __________, traveling by air or by train?
A. popular
B. more popular
C. most popular
D. the most popular
随练1.6 Which sport do you like , swimming or running?
A. good
B. well
C. better
D. best
随练1.7 ________ you are, __________ mistakes you’ll make.
A. The more carefully, the fewer
B. The more careful, the less
C. The more careful, the fewer
D. The more carefully, the less
随练1.8 _________ you work, _________ you can get.
A. The harder; the more
B. Harder; more
C. Less; more
D. Hard; more
随练1.9
— Jack, how are you feeling today?
— Much . I think I can go to school tomorrow.
A. good
B. better
C. well
D. best
随练1.10 Table tennis is ______ popular than gymnastics in China.
A. much more
B. more much
C. very much
D. very more
自我总结
三点剖析
作业1 The exam was _________ easier than we had expected.
A. more
B. much more
C. much
D. more much
作业2 _________ Tom comes back, _________ it will be.
A. The quicker; the best
B. The sooner; the better
C. Faster; the better
D. The sooner; better
作业3 ---Would you please drive _________? My train is leaving.
--- I’d like to, but safety comes first.
A. faster
B. better
C. more carefully
D. more slowly
作业4 ---The photo is not a bit beautiful.
---Why? It’s _________ than any photo I have ever seen.
A. far more beautiful
B. much less beautiful
C. no more beautiful
D. any less beautiful
作业5 ---Many girl students think Maths is _________ English.
---I agree. I’m weak in Maths.
A. so difficult as
B. much difficult than
C. difficult than
D. more difficult than
作业6 Tom, you have to study a little _________ if you are not as _________ as others.
A. hard; clever
B. harder; cleverer
C. hard; cleverer
D. harder; clever
作业7 E-mails are _________ than letters, so they are popular among teenagers.
A. fast
B. faster
C. the fastest
D. tastest
作业8 I think this dictionary is _________ useful than that one.
A. much more
B. a little
C. much
D. very
作业9 用所给词的适当形式填空
1. Lily is tall, but Lucy is much ______________. (tall)
2. Unit Five is ______________ (easy) than Unit Three.
3. Look! Jim is running ______________ and ______________. (fast)
4. Which book is _________________________ (interesting), this one or that one?
5. Bob’s room is _________________________( three times, big) than mine.
作业10 Could you please say it _________? I still can’t follow you.
A. more slow
B. more slowly
C. much slow
D. much slowly
答案解析
题模精选
题模一:形容词比较级的用法
例1.1.1
【答案】D
【解析】 考查副词比较级的用法。根据题干中than可知用比较级,空格处修饰动词,要用副词,much修饰比较级,故选D。
例1.1.2
【答案】C
【解析】 考查副词比较级的用法。句意:相信你的老师,她有多种方法使你更清楚地说英语。修饰动词speak用副词,故选C。
题模二:副词比较级的用法
例1.2.1
【答案】B
【解析】 考查形容词比较级的用法。根据题干中than可知用比较级,故选B。
例1.2.2
【答案】 greater
【解析】 考查形容词比较级“the +比较级,the+比较级”,“越......,越......”的用法。故填greater。
随堂练习
随练1.1
【答案】B
【解析】 考查形容词副词比较级的用法。根据题干中than可知用比较级,故选B。
随练1.2
【答案】B
【解析】 考查形容词的比较级。time是不可数名词,than是比较级的标志词,little的比较级是less,故选B。
随练1.3
【答案】B
【解析】 考察了形容词的比较级。故选B。
随练1.4
【答案】A
【解析】 考查形容词副词比较级“越来越......”的用法。hot重读闭音节,故选A。
随练1.5
【答案】B
【解析】 考查形容词比较级。根据后文or表示两者之间可知。
随练1.6
【答案】C
【解析】 本题考查副词的比较级。由题干“你喜欢swimming or running哪种运动?”是在两者中选择,因此用good的比较级better。
随练1.7
【答案】C
【解析】 考查了定冠词the和形容词比较级的搭配使用,表示越…,越…,故选C。
随练1.8
【答案】A
【解析】 考查形容词副词比较级“the +比较级,the+比较级”,“越......,越......”的用法。故选A。
随练1.9
【答案】B
【解析】 考查形容词的比较级,比昨天好多了,故用better。
随练1.10
【答案】A
【解析】 副词 ,表示比较级的程度用much more。
作业1
【答案】C
【解析】 考查形容词副词比较级的用法。比较级前可以用much修饰,故选C。
作业2
【答案】B
【解析】 考查形容词副词比较级“the +比较级,the+比较级”,“越......,越......”的用法。故选B。
作业3
【答案】A
【解析】 考查形容词副词比较级的用法。根据后句“我的火车要发车了”可知前句要求开得再快些,故选A。
作业4
【答案】A
【解析】 考查形容词副词比较级的用法。根据句意可知此处表达“比我见过的照片都好看”,比较级前可用far修饰,故选A。
作业5
【答案】D
【解析】 考查形容词副词比较级的用法。根据题干及选项,只有D正确,故选D。
作业6
【答案】D
【解析】 考查形容词副词比较级的用法。a little 可修饰比较级,as...as...中间用原级,故选D。
作业7
【答案】B
【解析】 考查形容词副词比较级的用法。根据题干中than可知用比较级,故选B。
作业8
【答案】A
【解析】 考查形容词副词比较级的用法。根据题干中than可知用比较级,比较级前可用much修饰,故选A。
作业9
【答案】 1. Taller
2. easier
3. faster; faster
4. more interesting
5. three times bigger
【解析】 1. 考查形容词副词比较级的用法。表达“更高”,故填taller。
2. 考查形容词副词比较级的用法。根据题干中than可知用比较级,故填easier。
3. 考查形容词副词比较级“越来越......”的用法。故填faster; faster。
4. 考查形容词副词比较级的用法。根据题干中从两者中做选择,可知用比较级,故填more interesting。
5. 考查形容词副词比较级的用法。句意:鲍勃的房间比我的大三倍。故填three times bigger。
作业10
【答案】B
【解析】 考查形容词副词比较级的用法。根据题干,“说”得更流利,选用副词的比较级,故选B。
形容词副词级别变化规则
知识精讲
大多数形容词和副词有比较级和最高级的变化,及原级、比较级和最高级。用来表示事物的等级差别,原级即形容词或副词的原形,比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种,详见下表:
1. 规则变化
类别
构成方法
原级
比较级
最高级
单音节词和部分双音节词
一般的在词尾直接加-er/ -est
long
tall
longer
taller
longest
tallest
以不发音的字母e结尾直接加-r/-st
late
large
later
larger
latest
largest
以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词,变y为i ,再加-er/-est
easy
happy
heavy
easier
happier
heavier
easiest
happiest
heaviest
重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时,双写该辅音字母,再加-er/ -est
big
hot
thin
bigger
hotter
thinner
biggest
hottest
thinnest
多音节词和部分双音节词
在原级前加more和 most
beautiful
carefully
more beautiful
more carefully
most beautiful
most carefully
注意:形容词最高级前要加定冠词the,副词最高级前一般将the省略。试比较:
Mike is the tallest boy in our class.麦克是我们班最高的男生。
Mike runs fastest in our class.麦克在我们班跑地最快。
2. 不规则变化
原级
比较级
最高级
good/ well
better
best
bad/ ill/ badly
worse
worst
many/ much
more
most
little
less
least
far
farther(较远)
further(进一步)
farthest(最远)
furthest(最大限度)
old
older(较老的,较旧的)
elder(较年长的)
oldest(最老的,最旧的)
eldest(最年长的)
三点剖析
一、重难点:对于上述形容词中有两种不同形式的特殊比较级和最高级的,要对其用法熟记。
二、易错点:掌握形容词比较级和最高级的变化规则,熟记少数特殊的不规则变化。
构成比较级和最高级有两种方式:一是在词尾加-er构成比较级,加-est构成最高级;另一种形式是在词前加more构成比较级,加(the) most 构成最高级。
三、补充点:
1. farther, further这两个词都是far的比较级形式,但在用法上有所区别:
1). farther和further都可指具体的距离,即空间时间上的“较远”。如:
Let's not go any farther/further.我们别再走了吧。
The service desk is at the farther/further end of the hall.咨询处在大厅稍往里的地方。
2). further还可用于抽象的引申义,如时间,程度和数量等,表示“进一步,更进一层”,此时,不能用farther。如:
I may be able to give you some further information about it.关于这个问题,我还可以给你一些信息。
The problem will be further discussed at the class meeting.这个问题在班会上还将进一步讨论。
2. older和elder这两个词均是old的比较级,但在用法上有所区别:
1). elder表示“前辈的”、“年纪较长的”,仅用于同一家庭成员的比较;older则不限于此。例如:
My younger son is five and my elder son is nine。我的小儿子5岁,大儿子9岁。
Tom is two years older than I.汤姆比我年长两岁。
2). elder在句中只用作定语,不作表语;older两者皆可。例如:
My elder sister does her homework all by herself. 我的姐姐独自做作业。
His elder son got married last week. 他的长子是上星期结婚的。
I think his mother is older. 我认为他的母亲年龄大引起。
3). elder只能用来指人;older不仅限于修饰人。例如:
My elder brother joined the army when he was only fifteen.我哥哥年仅15负就参了军。
This dog is older than any other dogs here.这条狗在这里是最老的一条。
I have a sister older than myself.我有位比我大的姐姐。
It is said Mr. Chen is over ten years older than Mrs. Li.据说陈先生比李女士大10多岁。
题模精选
题模一:规则变化
例1.1.1 Who is _________, Li Ming or Li Tao.
A. tall
B. the tallest
C. taller
D. very tall
例1.1.2 写出下列形容词、副词的比较级和最高级
careful __________ ___________
例1.1.3 I think Yi, the famous Chinese basketball player, will be _________ new star in NBA.
A. the hottest
B. the most hot
C. hotter
D. hot
题模二:不规则变化
例1.2.1 写出下列形容词、副词的比较级和最高级
little __________ __________
例1.2.2 Which scarf is ______, the green one or the blue one?
A. good
B. better
C. best
D. the best
随堂练习
随练1.1 Debbie is growing fast. She is even____________ than her mother.
A. tall
B. taller
C. tallest
D. the tallest
随练1.2
— Dad, would you please drive a little ______?
— No worries. We have enough time to get there.
A. fast
B. faster
C. fastest
D. the fastest
随练1.3 Tony is not as clever as Lucy, but he works______ than her.
A. hard
B. harder
C. hardest
D. the hardest
随练1.4 I live ______ to school than Betty, just a five-minute walk.
A. close
B. too close
C. closer
D. closest
随练1.5 Ann is 12 years old and Alice is 15 years old. Ann is __________ than Alice.
A. young
B. younger
C. youngest
D. the youngest
随练1.6 Who comes to school __________, Jerry or Martin?
A. early
B. earlier
C. earliest
D. the earliest
随练1.7 The air in Beijing is getting much ______ now than a few years ago.
A. clean
B. cleaner
C. cleanest
D. the cleanest
随练1.8 Lisa sent for a doctor because she felt much __________.
A. ill
B. worse
C. worst
D. the worst
三点剖析
作业1 写出下列形容词、副词的比较级和最高级。
1. wide __________ __________ 2. small __________ __________
3. hot ____________ __________ 4. busy __________ __________
5. many __________ __________ 6.careless__________ __________
7. well __________ __________ 8. ill_____________ __________
9. far___________ ____________ 10.old_____________ ___________
作业2 My friend, Li Ping, is _____ than his father.
A. strong
B. stronger
C. strongest
D. the strongest
作业3 I think man-made wonders are ____________ than natural ones.
A. exciting
B. more exciting
C. most exciting
D. the most exciting
作业4 My sister is good at sports. She can jump ______ than me.
A. high
B. higher
C. highest
D. the highest
作业5 The roads in my hometown are ______ than before.
A. wide
B. wider
C. widest
D. the widest
作业6
—Which subject do you like , Chinese or English?
—English, of course.
A. well
B. better
C. best
D. the best
作业7 WeChat is growing fast and it is ______ than Skype in China.
A. popular
B. more popular
C. most popular
D. the most popular
作业8 I can’t carry your bag. It is much ____ than mine.
A. heavy
B. heavier
C. heaviest
D. the heaviest
作业9
—— Daming, are you feeling better now?
—— No, mum. I feel even ________.
A. bad
B. worse
C. worst
D. the worst
作业10 Sara got ill yesterday. She felt a little _______ this morning.
A. ill
B. worse
C. worst
D. the worst
作业11
—The cake looks ______.
—Yes, and it tastes even ______.
A. well; good
B. good; better
C. good; worse
D. better; best
答案解析
形容词副词的级别变化
题模精选
题模一:规则变化
例1.1.1
【答案】C
【解析】 比较对象的范围是两者Li Ming or Li Tao,因此用比较级,tall的比较级为规则变化,直接在词尾加-er,故选C。
例1.1.2
【答案】 more careful; most careful
【解析】 考查了形容词的规则变化。
例1.1.3
【答案】A
【解析】 考查形容词的最高级。Yi将成为NBA最火的一位篮球运动员,hot符合规则变化,因此其最高级是the hottest,故选A。
题模二:不规则变化
例1.2.1
【答案】 less; least
【解析】 考查学生形容词副词的不规则变化。
例1.2.2
【答案】B
【解析】 考查形容词比较级。the green one or the blue one有两者。故选B.
随堂练习
随练1.1
【答案】B
【解析】 比较级,二者比较。
随练1.2
【答案】B
【解析】 考查形容词比较级。a little +比较级;fast的比较级是faster。
随练1.3
【答案】B
【解析】 考查了形容词的比较级。than 是比较级的标志词。故选B。
随练1.4
【答案】C
【解析】 考查了形容词。than 是比较级的标志词。故选C。
随练1.5
【答案】B
【解析】 考查了形容词的比较级。than 是比较级的标志词。故选B。
随练1.6
【答案】B
【解析】 考查了形容词的比较级。由两者之间作比较,故选B。
随练1.7
【答案】B
【解析】 形容词比较级,由than可知。
随练1.8
【答案】B
【解析】 形容词比较级,由much可知。
作业1
【答案】 1. wider; widest 2. smaller; smallest 3. hotter; hottest 4. busier; busiest
5. more; most 6. more careless; most careless 7. better; best
8. worse; worst 9. farther, further; farthest, furthest 10. older, elder; oldest, eldest
【解析】 考查形容词副词的变化规则。
作业2
【答案】B
【解析】 考察了形容词的比较级。两者作比较,应为比较级。故选B。
作业3
【答案】B
【解析】 考查形容词的比较级,由后面的than可知用比较级形式more exciting。
作业4
【答案】B
【解析】 考查形容词的比较级。由than可知选B。
作业5
【答案】B
【解析】 考查形容词的比较级。由than可知选比较级形式,B。
作业6
【答案】B
【解析】 考查形容词。or表“或者”,两者之间用比较级。
作业7
【答案】B
【解析】 考查形容词比较级。than是比较级的标志词。
作业8
【答案】B
【解析】 形容词比较级。
作业9
【答案】B
【解析】 形容词比较级。
作业10
【答案】B
【解析】 形容词,根据前句ill可知她不舒服。
作业11
【答案】
【解析】 形容词,根据句意可知。
形容词副词最高级的用法
知识精讲
一、表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时,用最高级形式。形容词最高级前要加定冠词the,句末常跟一个in/of短语来说明比较的范围。如:
“Biang” is the most difficult character in Chinese.
在汉语中,“biang”字最难。
“Biang” is the most difficult of all the characters.
在所有汉字中,“biang”字最难。
Chinese contestants do best in the WMO every year.
中国参赛选手在每年的世界奥数竞赛中表现地最好。
Chinese contestants do best of all the contestants every year.
中国参赛选手在所有参赛选手中表现地最好。
二、表示在三者或三者以上的人或物中进行选择时,用“Which/Who is the +形容词最高级,A, B or C?”或“Which/Who+动词+副词最高级”结构。如:
Which city is the most beautiful, Beijing, Shanghai, or Fuzhou?
哪座城市最漂亮,北京、上海,还是福州?
Which subject you do best, geography, physics or Chinese?
你哪一个学科学得最好,地理,物理还是语文?
三、表示“最……的……之一”时,用“one of the +形容词最高级+名词复数”结构,该形容词后面的名词要用复数形式。如:
Jay Chou is one of the most popular singers.
周杰伦是最受欢迎的歌手之一。
三点剖析
一、易错点:
1. 形容词最高级前有物主代词修饰时,不再加定冠词。如:
Jack is my best friend.
杰克是我最好的朋友。
Yesterday was his busiest day.
昨天是他最忙的一天。
2. 形容词/副词最高级前面可以加序数词,表示“第几最……”,结构为“the + 序数词+形容词/副词最高级”。如:
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
黄河是中国第二长河。
二、补充点:
用比较级表达最高级的用法:
1. A + be/do+比较级+than + any other+单数名词。如:
Mount Everest is the highest in the world.
= Mount Everest is taller than any other mountain in the world.
喜马拉雅山是世界最高山。
=喜马拉雅山比世界上的任何山都高。
2. 否定词+比较级
Einstein is the smartest.
= No one is smarter than Einstein.
爱因斯坦最聪明。
=没有人比爱因斯坦聪明。
题模精选
题模一:形容词副词最高级的用法
例1.1.1 ---What do you think of physics?
---I think it’s _________ of all subjects.
A. difficult
B. more difficult
C. most difficult
D. the most difficult
例1.1.2 Tian’anmen Square is one of ______ squares in the world.
A. large
B. larger
C. largest
D. the largest
例1.1.3
— Who listens ______, Eric, Brad or Rick?
— Of course Brad.
A. the most carefully
B. more carefully
C. the most careful
D. more careful
随堂练习
随练1.1 Beijing, the capital of China, is one of _________ cities in the world.
A. the biggest
B. bigger
C. biggest
D. big
随练1.2 Bob is _____ student in his class.
A. young
B. younger
C. youngest
D. the youngest
随练1.3 Most students think Liu Xiang is one of _______ sports stars in China.
A. popular
B. more popular
C. most popular
D. the most popular
随练1.4 Who is ________ student to get to school in your class?
A. early
B. earlier
C. earliest
D. the earliest
随练1.5 Who jumps ______ in the long jump, Mike, Tony or Tom?
A. longer
B. the longest
C. farther
D. the farthest
随练1.6 ---Have you seen Captain America?
---Of course, it is one of _________ movies this year.
A. popular
B. more popular
C. most popular
D. the most popular
随练1.7 Wangfujing Street is one of ___________ streets in Beijing .Let’s go there for a shopping trip.
A. busy
B. busier
C. busiest
D. the busiest
自我总结
三点剖析
作业1 Many people think that English is _________ of all the subjects.
A. important
B. more important
C. most important
D. the most important
作业2 David is _________ student in our class. Nobody is taller than him.
A. tall
B. taller
C. tallest
D. the tallest
作业3 Most students think Wang Fei is one of __________ singers.
A. popular
B. more popular
C. most popular
D. the most popular
作业4 Greenwood Park is ______ place in town to go to on weekends.
A. good
B. better
C. best
D. the best
作业5 She is the _____ student in our class.
A. tall
B. taller
C. more tall
D. tallest
作业6
——Which season do you like ______ in Beijing?
——Summer.
A. well
B. good
C. better
D. best
作业7 Andy Liu acted _______ in that movie. He is _______ than the other actors.
A. the best; more better
B. better; the best
C. the best; much better
D. best; best
作业8 Tian’anmen Square is________ public square in the world.
A. large
B. larger
C. largest
D. the largest
作业9
—— Beijing is a big city, isn’t it?
—— Yes. In fact, it’s one of ____ cities in the world.
A. big
B. bigger
C. biggest
D. the biggest
作业10 Beihai Park is one of __________ parks in Beijing.
A. beautiful
B. more beautiful
C. most beautiful
D. the most beautiful
作业11 Miss King always plays with us. She is one of ______teachers in our school.
A. good
B. better
C. best
D. the best
作业12 Which is ______, the train, the bus or the bike?
A. quicker
B. the most quickly
C. the quickest
D. more quickly
答案解析
形容词副词最高级的用法
题模精选
题模一:形容词副词最高级的用法
例1.1.1
【答案】D
【解析】 考查形容词最高级。由of all subjects可知属于形容词的最高级。故选D。
例1.1.2
【答案】D
【解析】 最高级,根据句意in the world可知,比较范围是全世界,又根据句型 one of +形容词最高级,故用最高级。注:形容词的最高级前面需要有定冠词the。
例1.1.3
【答案】A
【解析】 考查形容词。Eric , Brad or Rick是三者,carefully修饰listen,最高级前加the,故选A。
随堂练习
随练1.1
【答案】A
【解析】 考查形容词的最高级。“one of+形容词最高级+名词复数+范围”是固定结构。故选A。
随练1.2
【答案】D
【解析】 考查了形容词的最高级。故选D。
随练1.3
【答案】D
【解析】 考查形容词的最高级。“one of+形容词最高级+名词复数+范围”是固定结构。故选D。
随练1.4
【答案】D
【解析】 考查形容词的最高级。有范围,in your class,最高级前加the。故选D。
随练1.5
【答案】D
【解析】 由于是Mike, Tony or Tom三者的关系,因此需要选择最高级。
随练1.6
【答案】D
【解析】 考查形容词的最高级。“one of+形容词最高级+名词复数+范围”是固定结构。故选D。
随练1.7
【答案】D
【解析】 考查形容词的最高级。“one of+形容词最高级+名词复数+范围”是固定结构。故选D。
作业1
【答案】D
【解析】 考查形容词的最高级。根据of all the subjects 可知属于最高级。故选D。
作业2
【答案】D
【解析】 考查形容词的最高级。根据in our class可知为最高级。故选D。
作业3
【答案】D
【解析】 考查形容词的最高级。“one of+形容词最高级+名词复数+范围”是固定结构。故选D。
作业4
【答案】D
【解析】 形容词的最高级,后面给出范围,in town可知属于最高级。
作业5
【答案】D
【解析】 考查形容词的最高级。有范围in our class, 最高级前加the。故选D。
作业6
【答案】D
【解析】 形容词,考查形容词最高级。
作业7
【答案】C
【解析】 考查形容词的比较级和最高级。much+比较级,根据句意:刘德华在电影里演的最好,他要比其他演员好多了。故选C。
作业8
【答案】D
【解析】 形容词的比较级,由in the world可知为最高级。
作业9
【答案】D
【解析】 形容词比较级,由in the world可知属于形容词最高级。
作业10
【答案】D
【解析】 形容词比较级,考查one of +最高级。
作业11
【答案】D
【解析】 考查形容词的最高级。“one of+形容词最高级+名词复数+范围”是固定结构。故D。
作业12
【答案】
【解析】 比较级,根据句子可知出现了三者比较,故用最高级。
祈使句
1. 祈使句表示命令、请求、建议或劝告等。主语通常为第二人称,且被省略,谓语动词用原形,巨末用感叹号或句号,读降调,如:
Don’t be late! 不要迟到!(命令语气)
Close the window, please. 请关一下窗子。(请求)
注:祈使句中谓语动词无时态和数的变化,形式统一,肯定结构主要有以下下几种:
结构
例句
动词原形+宾语+其他
Give it to me. 把它给我。
Be+表语+其他
Be careful! 小心点!
Let +宾语+动词原形+其他
Let’s go to the Beihai Park. 让我们去北海公园吧。
Please+动词原形+其他
Please pass me the pen./ Pass me the pen, please. 请把笔递给我。
2. 祈使句的否定
1). 动词和be动词开头的祈使句,否定直接在句首加Don’t即可,如:
Don’t put it there, Sam. 别放在那,山姆。
Don’t be late again. 别再迟到了。
2). “No+名词或动名词”结构,常用语生活中的警示语,如:
No smoking in the library. 图书馆禁止吸烟。
题模二:祈使句
例1.2.1 _________ this rock music, please. I’m afraid some people can’t stand the noise!
A. Stopping
B. Stop
C. Stops
D. Stopped
例1.2.2 Jack, _________, or you will get heavier.
A. doesn’t play sports any more
B. doesn’t eat so much meat
C. don’t play sports any more
D. don’t eat so much meat
例1.2.3 根据中英文提示,完成句子。
我们不要大声说话。(let)
_________________________________________________.
题模二:祈使句
例1.2.1
【答案】B
【解析】 考查祈使句。以动词开头的祈使句,动词用原形,不受时态人称限制,故选B。
例1.2.2
【答案】D
【解析】 考查祈使句的否定。根据句意:杰克,别再吃了,否则你会变得更重。排除AC;祈使句中否定用don’t,故选D。
例1.2.3
【答案】 Let’s not speak loudly.
【解析】 考查祈使句特殊否定。let sb do结构中,否定为不定式的否定,在do前直接加not。
There be + 名词 + 地点(时间) “某个地方(某个时间) 存在有什么人或物”
1. There be 结构中的主谓一致(就近原则)
1) be 后是可数名词单数或不可数名词时, be 用 is / was.
2) be 后是几个并列的名词时, be 和最靠近它的那个名词保持一致,即遵循就近一致原则。
There’s a man at the door.
There is some apple juice in the bottle.
There is an apple and two bottles on the shelf.
2. There be 句型的时态:一般现在时,一般过去式,一般将来时,现在完成
There was bank here last year.
There will be a lecture in our school next week.
There have been several new schools here this year.
3. There be 句型的否定句和疑问句
--- How many students are there in your class?
---There are forty-three
---How much milk is there in the bottle?
---There is only a little.
4. There be 可以和情态动词以及 be going to, seem to, used to, happened to(碰巧) 等词连
用。
There must be a beautiful picture in the room.
There is going to be a sports meet next week.
There happened to be a bus at the school gate.
5. There be 句型中的 be 有时可用 stand, live 等动词。 A long time ago there lived a king.
III. 单项选择基础练
1. There ______ no tea in the cup.
A. is B. are C. has D. be
2. There _______in the next room.
A. is Tom B. are some boys C. are they D. is the boy
3. There ____ a football game in our school next Monday.
A. has B. will have C. will be D. is
4. There __some paper and a pen on the desk.
A. is B. are C. have D. has
5. There ____a school at the foot of the hill.
A. have B. stand C. are D. stands
6. There's going to ____ in tomorrow’s newspapers.
A. have something new B. have new something
C. be something new D. be new something
7. There is some milk in the bottle, ________ ?
A. isn't there B. aren't there C. isn't it D. are there
8. There is _____ food here. We'll have to buy some.
A. any B. some C. no D. much
9. There's ______orange tree behind _____ house.
A. an , the B. a, a C. the, the D. a, the
10. There are some ____on the floor.
A. cat B. water C. boxes D. football
11. There were two _____ people at yesterday's meeting.
A. hundreds B. hundreds of C. hundred D. hundred of
12. ________ any flowers on both sides of the street?
A. Is there B. Are there C. Has D. Have
13.There is a boy _____in the river
A. swim B. swims C. swiming D. swimming
14. There ____great changes in our country since 1979.
A. have been B. were C. has been D. are
15. There will be a volleyball match in our school, _____?
A. be there B. is there C. will there D. won't there
16. —______?
—There are five.
A. How many boxes on the table
B. What are those
C. What's this
D. How many boxes are there on the table
17. There is little water in the glass, _____?
A. isn’t there B. isn't it C. is it D. is there
18. There ________ something wrong with my car.
A. are B. has C. is D. have
19. _____there enough good news in today's newspaper?
A. Is B. Are C. Were D. Was
20. The letter from my uncle was short. There wasn't _____ news.
A. many B. a few C. much D. few
【参考答案】
1-5ABCAD 6-10CACAC 11-15CBDAD 16-20DDCAC
现在完成时
知识精讲
一、现在完成时
表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果或表示过去的动作或状态持续到现在。
二、句子结构
主语+ has/have + done (过去分词)
三、基本用法
用法
示例
表示过去发生的或已经完成的某一动作对现在
造成的影响或结果。
He has already obtained a scholarship.
他已经获得了一份奖学金。
I haven’t seen much of him recently.
我最近已经很久没有看到他。
表示动作或状态在过去已经开始,持续到现在
也许还要持续下去,常和for, since连用。
Peter has written six papers for three years.
三年内彼得已经写了六篇论文。
He has lived here since 2005.
自从2005年以来,他一直住在这儿。
四、时间状语
1. yet (常用于否定或疑问句中), already (常用于肯定句中)
2. since+过去时间点/过去时的从句(译为:自从…以来)
3. for+时间段
4. just, so far, recently, never, ever, twice…
5. in the past / last few days
五、动词过去分词的规则变化
情况
变形
示例
一般情况
加-ed
work-worked
visit-visited
以不发音字母e结尾
加-d
live-lived
辅音字母加y结尾
把y变i,加-ed
study-studied
cry-cried
重读闭音节结尾
双写尾字母,再加-ed
stop-stopped
drop-dropped
六、动词过去分词的不规则变化:
原形
过去式
过去分词
AAA型
burst
hurt
cut
hit
read
burst
hurt
cut
hit
read
burst
hurt
cut
hit
read
AAB型
beat
beat
beaten
ABA型
run
come
ran
came
run
come
ABB型
bring
buy
catch
feel
find
keep
make
teach
tell
think
brought
bought
caught
felt
found
kept
made
taught
told
thought
brought
bought
caught
felt
found
kept
made
taught
told
thought
ABC型
begin
break
choose
drive
forget
give
know
swim
write
began
broke
chose
drove
forgot
gave
knew
swam
wrote
begun
broken
chosen
driven
forgotten
given
known
swum
written
七、相关句式
has
have
主语
第三人称单数
第一/二人称单数/复数
肯定式
He has turned the light off.
They have already read this book.
否定式
He hasn’t turned the light off.
They haven’t read this book yet.
疑问式
Has he turned the light off?
Have they read this book yet?
简略回答
Yes, she has. / No, she hasn’t.
Yes, they have. / No, they haven’t.
肯定句:主语+has/have + done+其它.
否定句:主语+has/have +not+ done+其它.
一般疑问句:Has/ Have+主语+done+其它?
答语:Yes,主语+has/have. / No,主语+hasn’t/haven’t
八、瞬间动词和延续性动词之间的转换:
在完成时中,一个瞬间动词不能直接与表示一段时间的状语(for, since等)连用。此时须将该瞬间动词改为延续性动词或状态动词:
buy (bought)
have / has had 买
borrow (borrowed)
have / has kept 借
die (died)
have / has been dead 死
leave (left)
have / has been away ( from ) 离开
begin (began)
have / has been on 开始
join (joined)
have / has been in 参加
go (went)
have / has been there / in 去
come/arrive/reach/get to
have / has been here / in 来/达
end (ended)
have/has been over 结束
例:The film began five minutes ago.
---The film has been on for five minutes.
---It has been five minutes since the film began.
用“be+形容词”代终止性动词
1. “ be+married” 代替marry
2. “be+ill” 代替fall (get) ill
3. “be+dead” 代替die
4. “be+asleep” 代替fall (get) asleep
5. “be+awake” 代替wake/wake up
6. “be+gone” 代替lose, die, sell, leave
7. “be+open” 代替open
8. “be closed” 代替close/shut
用“be+副词”代终止性动词
1. “be+on” 代替start, begin
2. “be+up” 代替get up
3. “be+back(to)” 代替return to, come back to, go back to
4. “be here (there)” 代替come(arrive, reach, get) here或go (arrive, reach, get) there等等
用“be+介词短语”代终止性动词
1.”be in/at +地点” 代替go to /come to
2.”用be in the army” 代替join the army
3.”be in/at +地点” 代替move to
三点剖析
一、考点:现在完成时的基本用法和时间状语;以及动词过去分词的变化规则。
二、易错点: has gone (to); has been (to); has been (in) 三者的区别。
1. has gone to:表示某人已去了某地,(现未回来)(不可与for+一段时间连用)。
例:---Where is Tom? 汤姆在哪里?
---He has gone to Shanghai. 他已经去了上海。
2. has been to:表示去过某地,(现已回来)(不可与for+一段时间连用)。
例:I have been to New York three times so far.
到目前为止,我已经去过纽约三次了。
3. has been in:表示一直呆在某地,常与时间段搭配。
例:I have been in the army for more than 5 years.
我在部队已经呆了五年多了。
题模精选
题模一:基本用法
例1.1.1 I _________ already _________ in this school for three years.
A. was; studying
B. are; studying
C. will; study
D. have; studied
例1.1.2 I _________ English since 2010.
A. have learnt
B. have learn
C. learnt
D. learn
例1.1.3 I _________ my pencil yet.
A. have find
B. haven’t found
C. found
D. find
例1.1.4 Mr. Brown isn’t at home. He _________ to his office.
A. has been
B. has gone
C. has go
D. went
题模二:动词过去分词变化规则
例1.2.1 用动词的适当形式填空。
1. She _________ (live) in Hubei for two years.
例1.2.2 You needn’t tell him. I _________ (tell) him already.
例1.2.3 We _________ just _________ (have) our lunch.
例1.2.4 Peter _________ (live) in his hometown since he left here.
例1.2.5 They _________ (not read) the interesting books yet.
题模三:句型转换
例1.3.1 I have been there for two years.
否定句:___________________________________
疑问句:___________________________________
肯定回答:___________________________________
否定回答:___________________________________
例1.3.2 My father has lived here since 2000.
否定句:___________________________________
疑问句:___________________________________
肯定回答:___________________________________
否定回答:___________________________________
随堂练习
随练1.1 Zhao Lan _________ already _________ in this school for two years.
A. was; studying
B. will; study
C. has; studied
D. are; studying
随练1.2 We _________ Xiao Li since she was a little girl.
A. know
B. had known
C. have known
D. knew
随练1.3 His father _________ the Party since 1978.
A. joined
B. has joined
C. was in
D. has been in
随练1.4 ---Our country _________ a lot so far.
---Yes. I hope it will be even _________.
A. has changed; well
B. changed; good
C. has changed; better
D. changed; better
随练1.5 Her grandfather _________ for two years.
A. has been dead
B. has died
C. died
D. has been died
随练1.6 用动词的适当形式填空。
1. She’s _________ (live) here ever since she was ten.
2. Both of them _________ (be) in Hong kong for ten days.
3. Half an hour _________ (pass) since the train _________ (leave).
4. Mary lost her pen. _________ you_________ (see) it here and there?
5. _________ you _________ (find) your watch yet?
6. All of my classmates are not in classroom. Maybe they _________ (go) to the library.
随练1.7 Miss Green isn’t in the office. She_______ to the library
A. went
B. was
C. has gone
D. has been
随练1.8 句型转换
1. I have ever been to India and Russia.
否定句:___________________________________
疑问句:___________________________________
肯定回答:___________________________________
否定回答:___________________________________
2. I’ve worked here for ten years.
否定句:___________________________________
疑问句:___________________________________
肯定回答:___________________________________
否定回答:___________________________________
3. Mike has already found his watch.
否定句:___________________________________
疑问句:___________________________________
肯定回答:___________________________________
否定回答:___________________________________
三点剖析
作业1 ---Do you know him well?
--- Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago.
A. were
B. have been
C. have become
D. have made
作业2 Tom and Jack _________ West Hill Farm already.
A. have got
B. have arrived at
C. have been to
D. have reached
作业3 ---Where have you _________, Kate?
---I’ve _________ to the bank.
A. gone; gone
B. been; been
C. gone; been
D. been; gone
作业4 My parents _________ Shandong for ten years.
A. have been in
B. have been to
C. have gone to
D. have been
作业5 Hurry up! The play _____ for ten minutes.
A. had begun
B. has been on
C. began.
作业6 用动词的适当形式填空。
1. We _________ already _________ (return) the book.
2. My father _________ (read) this book since yesterday.
3. Jack _________ (finish) his homework already.
4. ---Are you thirsty?
---No, I _________ just _________ (have) some orange.
5. My father _________ (read) the novel twice.
6. ---Where is Jim?
--- He _________ (go) to England.
作业7 句型转换
1. Linda has gone to the teacher’s office.
否定句:___________________________________
疑问句:___________________________________
肯定回答:___________________________________
否定回答:___________________________________
2. I have already seen the film.
否定句:___________________________________
疑问句:___________________________________
肯定回答:___________________________________
否定回答:___________________________________
3. She has watched the film twice.
否定句:___________________________________
疑问句:___________________________________
肯定回答:___________________________________
否定回答:___________________________________
答案解析现在完成时
题模精选
题模一:基本用法
例1.1.1
【答案】D
【解析】 考查现在完成时。already和for+时间段 是现在完成时的时间状语。再由句意“我已经在这个学校学习了三年了。”可知,故选D。
例1.1.2
【答案】A
【解析】 考查现在完成时。since是现在完成时的时间状语。再由句意“自从2000年我就已经开始学英语了。”可知,故选A。
例1.1.3
【答案】B
【解析】 考查现在完成时。yet是现在完成时的时间状语,常用于否定句或疑问句中。再由句意“我还没有找到我的笔。”故选B。
例1.1.4
【答案】B
【解析】 考查现在完成时。has/have been to 去过某地,现已回;has/have gone to 去了某地,现未回。再由句意“布朗先生不在家,他去办公室来了。”可知,故选B。
题模二:动词过去分词变化规则
例1.2.1
【答案】 has lived
【解析】 考查现在完成时动词的过去分词的变化规则。for+时间段 是现在完成时的时间状语。live的过去分词形式为lived。故填has lived。
例1.2.2
【答案】 have told
【解析】 考查现在完成时动词的过去分词的变化规则。already是现在完成时的时间状语。tell的过去分词形式为told。故填have told。
例1.2.3
【答案】 have; had
【解析】 考查现在完成时动词的过去分词的变化规则。just是现在完成时的时间状语。have的过去分词形式为had。故填have; had。
例1.2.4
【答案】 has lived
【解析】 考查现在完成时动词的过去分词的变化规则。since是现在完成时的时间状语。live的过去分词形式为lived。故填has lived。
例1.2.5
【答案】 haven’t read
【解析】 考查现在完成时动词的过去分词的变化规则。yet是现在完成时的时间状语。read的过去分词形式为read。故填haven’t read。
题模三:句型转换
例1.3.1
【答案】 否定句:I haven’t been there for two years.
疑问句:Have you been there for two years?
肯定回答:Yes, I have.
否定回答:No, I haven’t.
【解析】 考查现在完成时的句型转换。肯定句:主语+has/have + done+其它。否定句:主语+has/have +not+ done+其它。疑问句:Has/ Have+主语+done+其它? 肯定回答:Yes,主语+has/have. 否定回答:No,主语+hasn’t/haven’t.
例1.3.2
【答案】 否定句:My father hasn’t lived here since 2000.
疑问句:Has your father lived here since 2000?
肯定回答:Yes, he has.
否定回答:No, he hasn’t.
【解析】 考查现在完成时的句型转换。肯定句:主语+has/have + done+其它。否定句:主语+has/have +not+ done+其它。疑问句:Has/ Have+主语+done+其它? 肯定回答:Yes,主语+was/were. 否定回答:No,主语+hasn’t/haven’t.
随堂练习
随练1.1
【答案】C
【解析】 考查现在完成时。already 和for+时间段是现在完成时的时间状语。故选C。
随练1.2
【答案】C
【解析】 考查现在完成时。since是现在完成时的时间状语。故选C。
随练1.3
【答案】D
【解析】 考查现在完成时。since是现在完成时的时间状语。故选D。
随练1.4
【答案】C
【解析】 考查现在完成时。so far是现在完成时的时间状语。故选C。
随练1.5
【答案】A
【解析】 考查现在完成时。for+时间段 是现在完成时的时间状语。故选A。
随练1.6
【答案】 1. lived
2. have been
3. has passed; left
4. Have; seen
5. Have; found
6. have gone
【解析】 1. 考查现在完成时动词的过去分词的变化规则。since是现在完成时的时间状语。故填lived。
2. 考查现在完成时动词的过去分词的变化规则。for+时间段 是现在完成时的时间状语。故填have been。
3. 考查现在完成时动词的过去分词的变化规则。since是现在完成时的时间状语。故填has passed; left。
4. 考查现在完成时动词的过去分词的变化规则。由句意可知玛丽丢了自己的笔,此事对现在造成影响,以至于问别人有没有看到。故填Have; seen。
5. 考查现在完成时动词的过去分词的变化规则。yet是现在完成时的时间状语。故填Have; found。
6. 考查现在完成时动词的过去分词的变化规则。由句意可知“同班同学已经去了图书馆”。故填have gone。
随练1.7
【答案】C
【解析】 现在完成时。
随练1.8
【答案】 1. 否定句:I haven’t ever been to India and Russia.
疑问句:Have you ever been to India and Russia?
肯定回答:Yes, I have.
否定回答:No, I haven’t.
2. 否定句:I haven’t worked here for ten years.
疑问句:Have you worked here for ten years?
肯定回答:Yes, I have.
否定回答:No, I haven’t.
3. 否定句:Mike hasn’t found his watch yet.
疑问句:Has Mike found his watch yet?
肯定回答:Yes, he has.
否定回答:No, he hasn’t.
【解析】 1. 考查现在完成时的句型转换。肯定句:主语+has/have + done+其它。否定句:主语+has/have +not+ done+其它。疑问句:Has/ Have+主语+done+其它? 肯定回答:Yes,主语+has/have. 否定回答:No,主语+hasn’t/haven’t.
2. 考查现在完成时的句型转换。肯定句:主语+has/have + done+其它。否定句:主语+has/have +not+ done+其它。疑问句:Has/ Have+主语+done+其它? 肯定回答:Yes,主语+has/have. 否定回答:No,主语+hasn’t/haven’t.
3. 考查现在完成时的句型转换。肯定句:主语+has/have + done+其它。否定句:主语+has/have +not+ done+其它。疑问句:Has/ Have+主语+done+其它? 肯定回答:Yes,主语+has/have. 否定回答:No,主语+hasn’t/haven’t.
作业1
【答案】B
【解析】 考查现在完成时。since是现在完成时的时间状语。故选B。
作业2
【答案】D
【解析】 考查现在完成时。already是现在完成时的时间状语。故选D。
作业3
【答案】B
【解析】 考查现在完成时。has/have been to 去过某地现已回,再由句意可知,故选A。
作业4
【答案】A
【解析】 考查现在完成时。has/ have been in 待在某地,可以跟一段时间连用。再由句意可知,故选B。
作业5
【答案】C
【解析】 时态,根据for ten minutes可知表示动词的持续,故选择用持续性动词been on,选项C正确。
作业6
【答案】 1. have; returned
2. has read
3. has finished
4. have; had
5. has read
6. has gone
【解析】 1. 考查现在完成时动词的过去分词的变化规则。already是现在完成时的时间状语。故填have; returned。
2. 考查现在完成时动词的过去分词的变化规则。since是现在完成时的时间状语。故填has read。
3. 考查现在完成时动词的过去分词的变化规则。already是现在完成时的时间状语。故填has finished。
4. 考查现在完成时动词的过去分词的变化规则。 just是现在完成时的时间状语。 故填have; had。
5. 考查现在完成时动词的过去分词的变化规则。故填has read。
6. 考查现在完成时动词的过去分词的变化规则。has/ have gone to去了某地还未回,再由句意可知,故填has gone。
作业7
【答案】 1. 否定句:Linda hasn’t gone to the teacher’s office.
疑问句:Has Linda gone to the teacher’s office?
肯定回答:Yes, he has.
否定回答:No, he hasn’t.
2. 否定句:I haven’t seen the film yet.
疑问句:Have you seen the film yet?
肯定回答:Yes, I have.
否定回答:No, I haven’t.
3. 否定句:She hasn’t watched the film twice.
疑问句:Has she watched the film twice?
肯定回答:Yes, she has.
否定回答:No, she hasn’t.
【解析】 1. 考查现在完成时的句型转换。肯定句:主语+has/have + done+其它。否定句:主语+has/have +not+ done+其它。疑问句:Has/ Have+主语+done+其它? 肯定回答:Yes,主语+has/have. 否定回答:No,主语+hasn’t/haven’t.
2. 考查现在完成时的句型转换。肯定句:主语+has/have + done+其它。否定句:主语+has/have +not+ done+其它。疑问句:Has/ Have+主语+done+其它? 肯定回答:Yes,主语+has/have. 否定回答:No,主语+hasn’t/haven’t.
3. 考查现在完成时的句型转换。肯定句:主语+has/have + done+其它。否定句:主语+has/have +not+ done+其它。疑问句:Has/ Have+主语+done+其它? 肯定回答:Yes,主语+has/have. 否定回答:No,主语+hasn’t/haven’t.
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$$