专题18 主谓一致（考点精讲）-【中职专用】2025年高考英语一轮复习讲练测（河北专用）

►专题 18主谓一致 考点精讲 一、主谓一致的概念 （一）概念 主谓一致（concord），是指主语和谓语动词要保持人称和数上的一致。 英语中动词be的变化形式最多，如I am，You are，He is，We are等。主语I一定要用am的动词形式，这就叫“主谓一致” 二、主谓一致的原则 主谓一致涉及三个基本原则 （一）语法一致原则（principle of grammatical concord） In fact, the Internet has changed the way we communicate. The girl under the tree is my friend （二）意义一致原则（principle of notional concord） The majority of primary school teachers are women （三）就近一致原则（principle of proximity）。 Neither he nor you are up to the job.Neither you nor he is up Either his friends or his brother is wrong. 三、主谓一致具体用法 （一）语法一致原则 1.概念 语法一致指主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致，即主语是单数形式时，谓语动词也用单数形式；主语是复数形式时，谓语动词也用复数形式。 2.具体用法 单数可数名词或代词单数、不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；可数名词复数或代词复数作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 He works at a radio station. The manager is going to take a dinner party tonight. In fact, the Internet has changed the way we communicate 不定式、动名词或从句作主语，谓语动词一般用单数形式。 Making a difference means making a good change. To say something is usually easier than to do something. 由and连接的并列成分，指不同的人、物或概念 用复数，指同一个人、物或概念，用单数。 Lucy and I go to school five days a week. Both bread and milk are good for your health. The writer and teacher is quite popular among the students. 并列主语为不可分的整体时，谓语动词用单数。 注意；常被视为主体的结构 A cup and saucer一副杯碟 A horse and car马车 A knife and fork一副刀叉 A law and rule法规 A needle and thread一套针线 Fish and chips炸鱼加炸薯条 The stars and stripes星条旗 A law and rule about protecting environment has been drawn up. The knife and fork has been washed. War and peace is a constant theme in history. Bread and butter is a daily food in the West . 由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由no, each, every, more than a (an/one), many a (an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。 Every man and every woman is at work. Each boy and each girl has got a seat Many a boy and (many a)girl has made the same mistake. No boy and no girl is there now 名词/代词后带有with/together with/as well as/no less than/along with...等短语 与名词/代词保持一 The old lady as well as her two daughters goes shopping every weekend. Tom together with his sister studies Japanese in Japan. 用“one,every one, each one, any one, each, either,neither等+of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数 形式。 Each one of the children is eager to go home. Neither of the students is coming to the part 不定代词either,neither,each, one, the other, another, someone, somebody,something,anyone,anything, everyone,everybody,everything,nothing,no one.等作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。 Everyone is good at something, but some people are truly talented Everything has two sides—a good one and a bad one. No one wants to waste time talking to someone who is not honest. 在定语从句中，关系代词that,who,which用作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与先行词的数 This is the girl who always plays the piano in the music room. The book which has a beautiful cover belongs to me. （二）意义一致原则 1.概念 意义一致指主语和谓语动词的一致关系取决于主语的单、复数意义，而非语法上的单、复数形式。比如有时主语在形式上并非复数，但在意义上视为复数，随后的谓语动词也用复数形式，反之亦然。 2.具体用法 表示时间、距离、价值、重量等的名词作主语，谓语动词用单数 Three hours is not enough to finish the work. 100 dollars has been raised. 集体名词作主语，如果指整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如果指具体成员，谓语动词用复数形式。 The family are all early risers.（家庭成员） The family now lives in Paris（整个家庭） 表示复数意义的集体名词，如people，police，cattle等作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 The police are looking for the lost boy. People wear different traditional clothes all around the world. 复数形式、单数意义的名词，news，maths，plastics，physics，works，means(方法)，the United States electronics等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Physics is a little difficult for me. The good news is that we will have seven days off. 单复数同形的名词，如sheep, fish, deer, means, species, series，craft等作主语,谓语动词要根据句意来确定。表示单数意义时，谓语动词用单数，反之用复数。 Every means has been tried to find the truth. The means of communication between here and outside are interrupted. 定冠词the修饰形容词时，如果表具体某个人或物，则视作单数，其谓语用单数；但如果表一类人或物，则视作复数，其谓语也用复数。 He has two sons. The younger is my classmate. The young are supposed to respect the old “a number of十复数可数名词”表示 “一些、许多”的意思，谓语动词用复数；“the number of十复数可数名词”表示 “……的数目、数量”，谓语动词用单数。 A number of books are missing from the library. The number of workers in this factory is increasing. one and a half +复数名词做主语，谓语动词用单数。 One and a half pears is left on the table. One and a half days is all I can spare. one or two后面接可数名词的复数形式时，谓语动词通常用复数形式。 one or two本身被视为一个整体或概念时，谓语动词可以用单数形式。 One or two boys are playing in the garden now. There are one or two things I want to talk over with you. One or two hours is enough for me to finish the work. 分数/百分数+of短语作主语，这时要以of短语中的名词是否为复数而定。 Two fifths of the land in that district is covered with trees and grass． 89% of smokers are male. In the USA, 75% of the grain is used to feed animals. Two-thirds of the earth's surface is sea. Two-thirds of the people were against the plan. （三）就近一致原则 1.概念： 所谓就近一致，也就是我们常说的就近原则，是指谓语动词的单复数由靠它最近的主语的单复数来决定。 2.具体用法如下表 由neither ...nor ...、either ... or ...、not only ... but also ...等引导并列主语时，谓语的数与她近的主语保持一致. Neither he nor you are up to the job.Neither you nor he is up to the job. Either you or the headmaster is to hand out the prizes to these gifted students at the meeting. 在全倒装句中，主语并列，谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语相一致。由here，there或where引导的句子，若有并列主语，谓语也与最靠近的那个主语一致。 In front of the supermarket is a car and some people. Where is your wife and children to stay while you are away? There is a desk, a table and three chairs in the room.  There are three chairs, a desk and a computer in the room. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！学科网（北京）股份有限公司9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$