Unit 8 课文理解 知识讲解 跟踪训练课件-2024-2025学年牛津译林版八年级英语上册

8A Unit 8 Natural disasters Grammar Past continuous tense be (was/were) + verb-ing 过去进行时 什么是过去进行时？ 　 定义：表示过去某个时间点正在进行的动作。 表示过去某个时间段正在进行的动作。 I was watching TV at that time. I was doing homework then. I was sleeping from 12:00 to 6:00 last night. 过去进行时主要表示在过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。 They were eating breakfast at 7:00 a.m. yesterday. I was writing a letter at this time yesterday. Five minutes ago, Danny was looking out of the window and Suzy was reading a book. 2. 在过去某段时间一直在进行的动作 From 1983 to 1998, he was teaching at Yale. They were building a dam last winter. 5 5 I was(not) V-ing +时间点（段). You/We/They were(not) V-ing +时间点（段). He/She/It was(not) V-ing +时间点（段). 陈述句 疑问句 Was I V-ing +时间点（段)? Were you/we/they V-ing +时间点（段)? Was he/she/it V-ing +时间点（段)? Yes, I was. you/we/they were. he/she/it was. 肯定回答 No, 否定回答 I wasn’t. you/we/they weren’t. he/she/it wasn’t. 基本句型 口诀 情况 构成规则 举例 直 一般 直接加-ing play→playing 去 以不发音字母e结尾 去e加-ing type→typing 双 重读闭音节结尾 双写词尾辅音字母，加-ing run→running 改 以ie结尾 改词尾ie为-ying lie→lying V-ing 变 化 规 律 时间标志词 then at that time at 6:00 last Sunday at this time yesterday when, while, as引导的时间状语从句 时态题 做题方法 1. 找时间标志词 2. 确定所用时态 3.若没有时间标志词，根据语境判断 考点 I __________ a novel at that time.(read / was reading) ①基本用法：过去的某个时间点正在进行的动作。 ②两个动作都发生在过去，同时发生，有长有短，长的用过进，短的用过。 I _______ when a dog rushed towards me.(walked / was walking) ③两个过去的动作同时进行，都长，都用过进。 I _______while my mother______. A. ate,rode B. was eating; was riding ④没有明显时间/时间状语的语境题。 —What’s the matter? You look sad. —Oh, nothing much. In fact, I ___________ (think) of my friends back home. was reading was walking was thinking 英语中有四类动词一般不用进行时： (1) 表心理状态、情感的动词，如：love; hate; like; care; respect; please; prefer; know等。 (2) 表存在、状态的动词，如：appear; exist; lie; remain; stand; seem等。 (3) 表感觉的动词，如：see; hear; feel; smell; sound; taste等。 (4) 表一时性的动词，如：accept; allow; admit; decide; end; refuse; permit; promise等。 　　 I wasn’t believing him. (╳) 　　　 I didn’t believe him. (√)　 我不相信他。 　　 I was deciding what to do at that moment. (╳) 　　　 I decided what to do at that moment. (√)那时我决定怎样去做。 1. I _________ my homework when Mike _____ last night.   昨天晚上迈克来的时候我正在写作业。  2. While Ann ______________ TV, her father _________ home.   安正在看电视时，她父亲回来了。 was doing came was watching returned 4. She ______________ the room when I ____ to see her.   我去看她的时候她不是在打扫房间。 5. I ____________ my vocation in England (at) this time last summer.   去年夏天的这个时候我正在英国度假。 wasn’t cleaning went was spending  3. What were you doing when I ________ at the door?   我敲门的时候你在干什么？ knocked 6. Mary ___________ while Peter ___________ the piano when our teacher came in.   老师进来时，Mary在跳舞，而Peter在弹钢琴。 7. They ____________ the newspaper when I __________ the room.   我走进屋子时他们正在看报纸。 8. What _____ you _______ at five yesterday afternoon?   昨天下午5点你在做什么？ was dancing was playing were reading walked into were doing 课本第97页练习 was reading Were doing was having was walking Were waiting was ringing 巩固练习 1. What ________ your brother ________ (do) at nine o’clock last night? 2. They ____________ (listen) to music at that time. 3. When I saw him, he _____________ (search) the Internet. 4. They ______________ (discuss) a problem in the meeting room at this time yesterday. 5. ______ Amy ______ (visit) the Science Museum from 9:00 a.m. to 11:00 a.m. yesterday? was doing were listening was searching were discussing Was visiting 提示：如果when，while或as引导的从句位于句子的开头，我们在从句后用逗号隔开主句和从句。 when, while和as都可以用作时间连词。他们都表示“当……时候” 注意： 1）当一个瞬间动作与一个延续性动作同时发生时，我们用过去进行时表示这个延续动作，而用一般过去式表示瞬间动作。 2）当有两个延续动作，我们常用while。 3）如果瞬间动作在主句，我们可以用when，while或as。 14 14 ＋ 连词 意义 主从动作先后关系 所接动词性质 as while when ＋ ＋ 同时 延续性 非延续性 延续性 非延续性 同时 同时、先、后 延续性 正当；一边......一边......；随着 当......时； 在......之后 与......同时； 在......期间 when, while, as when引导的从句的谓语动词可以发生在主句前、主句后或同时发生。 while和as引导的从句的谓语动词必须是和主句谓语动词同时发生。 When he finished his homework, he watched TV. 当他完成作业后，他看电视。 When I got to the station, the train had left. 当我到车站时，火车已经开走了。 While /As we were having dinner, my uncle came. 当我们在吃晚饭时，叔叔来了。 16 16 当连接同时发生的两个延续性长动作时，常用while引导。结构为：过去进行时+while+过去进行时 While I was watching TV, he was listening to music. Millie was reading a book while Eddie was sleeping. 当强调某个动作发生的时候，另一个动作正在发生，用while引导，结构：一般过去式+while+过去进行时 It began to rain heavily while we were playing football. 在我们踢足球的时候，开始下大雨。 当一个延续的动作正在发生的时候，另外一个瞬间动作发生了，用“when”连接，when的意思是“就在那时”，结构：过去进行时+when+一般过去式 An old man was walking along the road when a car hit him. 一位老人正在沿着马路走，突然一辆汽车撞上了他。 当主句和从句动作同时进行，从句的动作时间概念淡化，主要表示动作发生的背景或条件时，只能用as，as的意思为“随着……”；“一边……，一边……” He often listens to music as he is doing his homework. 他经常一边听音乐，一边做作业。 As time goes by, his illness is getting worse and worse. 随着时间的流逝，他的病越来越严重。 “主短从长”型：即主句表示的是一个短暂性动作，而从句表示的是一个持续性动作时，三者都可用。 此时主句用一般过去时，从句用过去进行时。 He fell asleep_________________ he was reading. when/while/a “主长从长”型：即主、从句表示两个同时进行的持续性动作，常用while，且主句和从句皆常用过去进行时。 I was doing my homework _______ my brother was playing with his toys. while “主长从短”型：即从句表示的是一个短暂性动作，而主句表示的是一个持续性动作时，通常用when。此时主句用过去进行时，从句用一般过去时。 It was raining hard _______ we arrived. when “主短从短”型: 即主从句是两个同时发生的短暂性动作，一般用as。 I thought of it just______you opened your mouth. as 课本第98页练习 When arrived was getting When/While/As was building was taking fell while/as/when was making was hiding when hit When/While/As were playing ran 1.When the teacher _____(come) into the classroom, Andy __________(draw) on the blackboard. 2.Unluckily, Sam ______(fall) down while he__________(ride) his bicycle. 3.While I _________(listen) to music, the twins __________(dance) to it. 4.As I _________(do) my homework at home, I suddenly ______(hear) someone shouting for help. 5.I _____(meet) an old friend while I _________(wait) for the bus. came was drawing fell was riding was listening were dancing was doing heard met was waiting 1. My wallet dropped on the ground ______ I was running. 2. ______ I fell asleep, there was a loud knock on the door. 3. ______ he was reading, an earthquake started. 4. Were the students listening carefully _______ the teacher was giving a lesson? 5. ______ the telephone rang, I became nervous. while When While while When 6. Was she clearing up the desk _____ the bell rang? 7. The days get longer _____ spring comes. 8. Lucy was listening to the radio ______ Lily was watching TV. 9. They have their PE lesson indoors ______ it rains. when when while when 用when或while填空 Comic strip Welcome to the unit I was sleeping when it started to rain. (P92) 天开始下雨时，我正在睡觉。 When I woke up, there was water everywhere!(P92) 当我醒来时，到处都是水。 当时间状语从句放在主句前时，时间状语从句后加逗号。 25 ______ (Did not/Didn’t) you hear the rain?(P92) 难道你没听到雨声吗？ 否定疑问句的构成： 情态动词/助动词/be动词与not的缩写+主语+谓语+其他？ 否定疑问句表示惊讶、批评、厌烦、赞叹，或提出请求、邀请。 汉语可以翻译成：难度……不？；没有……吗？ Can’t you speak a little louder? 难到你不能大点声说话吗？ Aren’t you afraid of your father? 难到你不怕你爸爸吗？ Isn’t it a lovely day? 今天天气真好！ Didn’t Who will mop up the water if I go home without you?(P92) 如果我回家不带你（如果你不跟我回家），谁来把水脱干净。 if 引导的是条件状语从句，注意用一般现在时表示将来的动作。 mop up用拖把擦干净；擦干净 There is some water on the table. Mop it up, please. 桌子上有一些水，请把它擦干净。 We mopped the floor just now, but we did not _______. A. mop up it B. mop it up C. mop them up D. mop up them B 报纸的标题中常用一般现在时，像a、an、the及be动词常省略。 ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ thousands of 数千个……;成千上万的…… hundreds of millions of one hundred two hundred 我们学校有三千三百名学生。 There are __________________________ students in our school three thousand three hundred 数千人在那场地震中丧生。 ____________people _____________ in that earthquake. Thousands of lost their lives Earthquake kills thousands of people. (P93) Flood washed away village. (P93) 洪水冲走了村庄。 wash away冲走 The flood washed away many cars. =The flood washed many car cars away. Lightening starts big fire in classroom building. (P93) 闪电引发教学楼起火。 Lightening hit a classroom building and it caught fire. (P93) 闪电击中了一幢教学楼，教学楼起火了。 What should we do if our building is on fire?(P100) 如果我们的大楼着火了，我们该做什么？ start / cause a fire 起火 catch fire 着火 注意：主语不同 be on fire 着火 （强调状态） make a fire 生火 ； put out a fire 灭火 表示具体的火灾实例或炉火时，fire是可数名词 There was a big forest fire last year. 去年有一场森林大火。 雷电击中房屋并引起大火。 Lightning _____ a house and it _____ _____. Lightning _____ a house and ____ ___ ___. 看，那栋房子着火了。 Look! The house __ __ ___. hit caught fire hit started a fire is on fire —_______ anyone _______ (hurt)? —No, Nobody ______ (hurt). It ________ (happen) at night. (P93) Was hurt was hurt happened Reading At first, I felt a slight shake. ( P 94) 一开始，我感到一阵轻微的晃动。 The earth started to shake. (P94) 大地开始晃动。 Finally, the noise and shaking ended.(P94) 最终，声音和晃动都停了下来。 　　　　 shake v. “摇动，颤动”。 【固定短语】： shake one's head 摇头 shake hands with sb. 与某人握手 shake n. “摇动，颤动” (shook, shaken) shaking n. 摇晃，摇动 34 People screamed in fear. (P94) 人们惊恐地尖叫。 in fear 恐惧地；害怕地 Some ran out of the building. I tried my best to run out too, but I could not. (P94) 有些人跑出了楼，我也尽力往外跑，但是我跑不出去。 run out跑出；用完 run out of …从……跑出；把……用完 翻译成汉语 Time is running out. We must hurry up. If you run out of your money, you can ask me for some. People ran out of the shopping center when they heard a loud noise. try one’s best to do = do one’s best to do 尽某人最大努力做…… Outside, people were running in all _______ (direction) _______ (while/when) pieces of glass and bricks were falling down. (P94) 外面，人们在四处逃散，此时，碎玻璃和砖块在往下掉落。 in all directions = in every direction 四面八方；朝各个方向 After the gunshot, the birds flew in all directions/ in every direction. 枪声过后，鸟儿四处逃散。 while引导的时间状语从句，通常与主句两个动作同时进行，或表示处于某种状态。而when引导的时间状语从句，可以在主句前、后。 Will you look after my dog while I am away. 我不在的时候，请你照顾我的狗好吗？ directions while Then the walls began to come down. (P94) 然后，墙也开始倒塌。 come down 倒塌 I could not see anything at all, and I did not know if anyone else was near me. (P94) 我什么都看不见，也不知道周围是否有其他人。 not … at all根本不……；一点也不…… if引导宾语从句，意思是“是否”，等于whether。 Do you know if/whether he will come tomorrow? 你知道他明天是否来吗？ I felt nervous and my heart was beating fast. (P94） 我感到紧张，心跳得很快。 beat (beat)指心脏、脉搏的跳动，意思是“跳动”，还可以表示“打、敲、打败、击败”. 表示“击败；打败”时，宾语是对手，也可以翻译成“赢……”。 I felt my heart beating fast at the news. 听到这个消息，我感到心跳得很快。 She beat her son for lying. 因为儿子撒谎，她打了他。 He beat me at chess. 他下棋赢了我。 “I’m trapped.” I said to ________ (I) . (P94) “我被困住了，”我心里想。 be trapped 被困住 They were trapped on an island. 他们被困住一个岛上。 say to oneself 心里想；自言自语；对自己说 myself A moment of fear went through my mind, but I told myself to calm down since I was still alive. (P94) 一阵恐惧传过我的大脑，但是我告诉自己要冷静下来，因为我还活着。 a moment of fear一阵恐惧 calm down 冷静；平静 He is out of control. You should calm him down. 他失去控制了，你应当使他平静下来。 calm adj.平静的；镇静的 Keep calm when you are in danger. 遇到危险时。要保持镇静。 A moment of fear went through my mind, but I told myself to calm down since I was still alive. (P94) 一阵恐惧传过我的大脑，但是我告诉自己要冷静下来，因为我还活着。 since I was still alive是原因状语从句，since引导原因状语从句时，表示众所众知的，或显而易见的原因，意思是“既然；由于；因为”。 Since everyone is here, let’s start the class meeting. 既然大家都到了，咱们开始开班会。 be alive活着的 They are lucky to be alive after the earthquake. 地震过后他们能活着真是幸运。 I started to pull _______ (I) through the dark. _______ (luck), there was just enough ________ (space/spaces) for _____ (I) to move. (P94) 我开始在黑暗中慢慢爬行，幸运的是刚好有足够的空间让我移动。 myself Luckily space me e c b f a d I screamed for help. Some people ran out of the building. I saw the bright daylight. The earth started to shake. I was trapped. The walls came down. 1 2 3 4 5 6 T F F T F F sleeping thunder fear bricks trapped nervous beating mind calm pulled saved safe Integrated skills 119 122 120 110 thick smoke low go back high walk Hide window follow left walk traffic accidents get out wet towel low high ground walk strong window traffic rules railways We should try to get out as soon as possible. (P100) 我们应该努力尽可能快地出去。 as … as possible = as … as one can/could 尽可能…… as soon/quickly/much as possible 尽可能早/快/多 I will give you a call as soon as possible. = I will give you a call as soon as I can. 我将尽快给你打电话。 To catch the bus, I ran as quickly as possible. =To catch the bus, I ran as quickly as I could. 为了赶上公交车，我尽可能跑快。 How can we protect _______ (we) from thick smoke? (P100) 我们如何保护自己免受浓烟的伤害。 protect … from … 保护……免受…… Stay away from a window. (P100) 远离窗户。 stay away from = keep away from远离 ourselves Study skills 构词法：合成 grand blackboard noticeboard day end ache sleeping Task homework go home early shared snow wind umbrella fell waiting traffic clear 词组 1.凌晨，一大早 2.起初 3.感到轻微的摇晃 4.听到像雷声一样大的响声 5.恐惧地尖叫 6.从、、、跑出 7.尽力做某事 8. 四面八方 9.落下 10.倒塌 11.一点也不 12.任何其他的人 13.感到不安 1.in the early morning 2.at first 3.feel a slight shake 4.hear a loud noise like thunder 5. scream in fear 6. run out of 7.try one’s best to do sth 8.run in all directions 9.fall down 10.come down 11.not at all 12. anyone else 13.feel nervous 14.被困 15.自言自语 16.脑海里闪过一阵恐惧 17.冷静，镇静 18.还活着 19.呼喊救命 20.找到出路 21.成千上万的 22.冲走 23.听说 24.着火 25.出故障 26.因为，由于 14. be trapped 15. say to oneself 16. a moment of fear go through one’s mind 17. calm down 18. be still alive 19. shout for help 20. find one’s way out 21. thousands of 22. wash away 23. hear about /hear of 24. catch fire be on fire 25. break down 26. because of 27.等出租车 28.尽快 29.用……盖住 30.步行穿过洪水 31.遵守交通规则 32.过马路 33.与某人分享一把伞 34.听到风在刮 35.第二天早晨 36.清理大街上的雪 27. wait for a taxi 28. as soon as possible 29. cover …..with 30. walk through the flood water 31.follow traffic rules 32.cross the road 33.share an umbrella with sb 34. hear the wind blowing 35.the next morning 36. clear the snow from the street 1.I _____ ______(睡觉) when it ______ ____ ______(开始下雨). 2.The Taiwan earthquake killed _________ ______ _________ (成千上万人) 3.They looked at _____ ____(对方) ____ ______ (惊恐). 4.People were _______ ____ _____ ________(四面八方跑) while bricks were ______ ______（掉下）． 5.The snow was _____ _________.( 的确很大） 6.Bad weather sometimes ______ ______ _______．(导致自然灾害） ７．Millie asked me to go to her house because I _______ _____ _______(忘了带） my keys . 重点句型 was sleeping started to rain thousands of people each other in fear running in all directions falling down really heavy causes natural disasters forgot to bring 8.I _____ _______(告诫自己) I must ______ _______． ( 活下去） 9. When the noise _____ _______(结束）,we _____ _______ (被困）in a dark place. 10.I saw you and your classmates________ _____ (站在)the other _____ (边) of the road. 11.My dad's car broke down_________ ____ (因为) the cold weather. 12.Lightning hit a classroom building and it _______ ______ (着火) 13.Try to get out as______ ___ _______.(尽可能快地) told myself stay alive was over were trapped standing on side because of caught fire soon as possible 8A Unit 8 灾难，不幸 拖地 完全地 地震 数千 事故 长途汽车，教练 洪水 村庄 闪电 风暴，暴风雨 雷声 轻微的 摇动，震动 大声地，响亮的 炸弹 disaster mop up earthquake thousands of accident coach flood village lightning storm thunder slight shake loud bomb 害怕，恐惧 方向 当……时候 砖块 摇动，震动 寂静的 如果，是否 紧张不安的 心脏 fear direction while brick shaking silent if nervous heart $$