Unit1 People of Achievement 重点词汇归纳及同步练习-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册

选修一 Unit 1 · 1. crucial adj. 至关重要的；关键性的 be crucial for/ to… 对…至关重要 The main goal of environment protection is to improve the natural environment, which is crucial to/ for our survival. It is crucial that… …是至关重要的 [虚拟语气] It is crucial that all students (should) develop these basic skills. · 2. vital adj. 必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的 be vital to/ for… 对…至关重要 There is no doubt that the education of the youth is vital to/ for the future of a country. It is vital (for sb.) to do sth.（对某人来说）做某事 [虚拟语气] It is vital for us keep a good state of mind in the face of failure. · 3. committed adj. 尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的 be committed to (doing) sth. 尽心尽力做某事；全心全意做某事 With the aim of protecting animals, our organization has always been committed to providing animals with better living conditions. [词形转换] 1）commit v. 承诺，保证；投入（钱或时间）；犯（错或罪） commit oneself to (doing) sth. 致力于（做）某事 He committed himself to the cause of modernizing the country’s industry. commit…to… 投入…于… Bob commits an hour every weekend to helping the old in his community. commit an error/ crime/ suicide 犯错/罪/自杀 2）commitment n. 承诺；拖入 make a commitment to sb./ sth. 对某人/某物作出承诺 make a commitment to do sth. 承诺做某事 · 4. objective 1）n. 目标；目的 with the objective of… 以…为目标 They set up a team with the objective of finding a cure for the disease. achieve/ realize/ accomplish/ fulfill one’s objectives 2）adj. 客观的 · 5. evaluate v. 评价；评估 The performance of every child will be evaluated at the end of the summer camp. [词形转换] 1）evaluation n. 评估；评价 make an evaluation of… 对…进行评估 · 6. distinct 1）adj. 截然不同的，有区别的，不同种类的 be distinct from… 与…不同 The two languages are quite distinct from each other. As a result, they have no close connections. 2）adj. 清晰的；明显的 The female teacher’s voice was quiet but every word was distinct. [词形转换] 1）distinction n. 差别；区别 make no distinction 没有区别 make/ draw a distinction between…and… 把…和…区分开 2）distinctive adj. 独特的，有特色的 · 7. boil 1）v.（使）沸腾；煮开；烧开 Water boils at 100 °C. 2）v. 怒火中烧；异常气愤 make one’s blood boil 使某人怒不可遏 His words made our blood boil. 2）n. 沸腾；沸点 boiling point 沸点 · 8. obtain 1）v.（尤指经努力）获得；赢得 obtain…from/ through… 从…中得到… With the help of the Internet, we can now obtain many learning materials with ease. 2）v.（规章、习俗等）存在；流行 The custom still obtains in some districts in our country. · 9. acknowledge 1）v. 承认（属实、权威等） acknowledge having done sth. 承认做了某事 Since you acknowledge having made a mistake, I would offer you another opportunity to correct it. acknowledge…as/ to be… 承认…是… Tu Youyou is widely acknowledged as/ to be one of the greatest scientists in the world. It is widely acknowledged that… It is widely acknowledged that Tu Youyou is one of the greatest scientists in the world. 2）（公开）感谢 In order to acknowledge his selfless help, the old couple invited him to run a big hotel. 3）（微笑、挥手等）致意 The President stood up to acknowledge the cheers of the crowd. [词形转换] 1）acknowledgment n. 承认；感谢 in acknowledgement of… 作为对…的感谢 Mrs. Brown received a special award in acknowledgement of all her hard work. · 10. defeat 1）n. 失败；挫败 a narrow/ heavy defeat 惜败/惨败 a big/ bad defeat 大败 2）v. 击败；战胜 Our team defeated the visiting team, and finally won the national championship. · 11. analyze v. 分析 With his help, we’ve learned how to analyze and settle problems. [词形转换] 1）analysis n. 分析 [pl. analyses] · 12. apparently adj. 显而易见的；看来；显然 [词形转换] 1）apparent adj. 显而易见的；表面上的 It is apparent (to sb.) that… It is apparent that the coach was satisfied with the result of the match. · 13. insist 1）v. 坚持；坚持要求 [虚拟语气] insist on/ upon (sb./ sb.’s) doing sth. 坚决要求（某人）做某事 You should respect the opinions of others, and at the same time insist on what you think is right. 2）v. 坚持说 He insisted that the identity of a person couldn’t be changed [词形转换] 1）insistence n. 坚持 2）insistent adj. 坚持不懈的 · 14. stand up to 1）（材料、产品等）能承受，经受得住，耐（…），经得住（检验、审查等） Is this building going to stand uo to the relatively strong earthquake ? 2）抵抗，勇敢反对 David stoop up to the manager at the meeting, and all of us respected him for his great courage. [归纳拓展] 1）stand up for 支持；维护 2）stand by 袖手傍观；支持，帮助（某人）；遵守（协议等） 3）stand for（指缩写或符号）是…意思；代表；表示；拥护 4）stand out 突出；显眼 · 15. wear and tear（正常使用造成的）磨损；损耗 This cloth is designed to stand up to a lot of wear and tear. [归纳拓展] 1）wear away（因重复使用或摩擦而）变薄，变光滑；磨薄；磨光 2）wear out 用坏，穿破；使筋疲力尽 · 16. conclusion n. 结论；推论；结束 come to/ arrive at/ draw/ reach a conclusion 得出结论 We’ll have a further discussion before we come to/ arrive at/ draw/ reach a conclusion. jump to conclusions 匆忙下结论 bring…to a conclusion 使…结束 It is hoped that the agreement will bring the conflict to a conclusion. in conclusion 最后；总之；综上所述 In conclusion, it was your generous help and kindness that made my study and life in the UK special and enjoyable. [词形转换] 1）conclude v. 断定；推断出；结束 conclude sth. (from sth.) / conclude sth. (from sth.) that…（从…）推断出/断定… We can conclude from the students’ words that Miss Zheng is a committed teacher. conclude (sth.) with sth./ conclude (sth.) by doing sth. 以…结束（…） to conclude 总之，最后 To conclude, with the extra evidence, we can draw a conclusion with certainty. 2）conclusive adj. 结论性的；确凿的；不容置疑的 · 17. circumstance n. 条件；环境；状况 in/ under the circumstances 在这种情况下，既然如此 A true friend never lets us down even under the threatening circumstances. in/ under no circumstances 绝不 In/ Under no circumstances did I expect that I would meet so many problems when I decided to take the job. · 18. found v. 创建；建立；把…建立在 found…on/ upon… 将…建立在…之上 Professor Smith founded his system of language teaching on the belief that speaking should come before reading. be founded on 建立在…的基础上；建立在…上 His theory is founded on facts and experiments, so it is reliable. [词形转换] 1）foundation n. 地基；基础；根据 lay a (firm/ solid) foundation for… 为…打下（坚实的）基础 The hard training laid a solid foundation for his success in going into space. 2）founder n. 创办者，发起人 · 19. infer v. 推断；推定 infer…from… 从…中推断出… When we come across new words in reading try to infer the word meaning from the text. It can be inferred from… 从…中可推断出… It can be inferred from the survey that most people are content with their present life. [词形转换] 1）inference n. 推断；结论；推理 make/ draw inferences from… 从…中推断出结果 by inference 由此推断 · 20. passion 1）n. 酷爱；激情 have a passion for… 酷爱… develop a passion for… 培养对…的热情 Nancy developed a passion for music from a very young age and she is now a famous musician. out of a… passion for… 出于对…的热情 Out of a strong passion for Chinese culture, Mr. Smith moved to China in 2008. 2）n. 盛怒；激愤 fly into a passion 勃然大怒 In fact, she was not a woman who would fly into a passion when someone was against her. get into a passion 突然发怒 [词形转换] 1）passionate adj. 狂热的be passionate about… 酷爱… · 21. come to power（开始）掌权；上台 The President came to power several years ago, and until now he has been in power for four years. [词形转换] 1）powerful adj. 有力量的 [归纳拓展] 1）take/ seize power 掌握/夺取政权 2）beyond/ out of one’s power 力所不及 3）within one’s power 力所能及 4）do all/ everything in one’s power to do sth. 竭尽全力做某事 · 22. consequence 1）n. 结果；后果 as a consequence/ in consequence 结果，因此（= as a result） They have been committed to their career for the past decade. As a consequence, they have achieved remarkable achievements. as a consequence of/ in consequence of 由于（= as a result of） As a consequence of his hard training, Mary finally won the world championsh. take/ accept the consequences (of sth.) 遭受/接受（某事的）后果 2）重要性 be of much/ great consequence 非常重要 Education is of much consequence to a country. · 23. take up 1）开始从事；开始做 James took up a position as an editor after graduating from the university. 2）占据（空间）；占用（时间） The table takes tup too much room, and I’ll have it removed. 3）继续，接下去 I put the telephone down and took up my work again. 4）接受 It will be hard for me to study for a master’s degree while I work full-time, but I’m ready to take up the challenge. [归纳拓展] 1）take down 写下；记录；拆掉 2）take over 接管，接任 3）take on 呈现；雇佣；承担 4）take in 吸入；理解；欺骗 5）take off 脱下；起飞；突然大受欢迎；休假 · 24. encounter 1）v. 偶然遇到，与…邂逅；遭遇，遇到（尤指令人不快或困难的事） Whenever I encounter difficulties in English, you always help me out, which fuels my love for English. 2）n. 邂逅；遭遇 have an encounter with 与…相遇；接触… I had a close encounter with the sea during the National Day holiday. · 25. sum up 总结；概括；合计 They have summed up the money they spent last year. [归纳拓展] 1）to sum up 总之，总的来说 2）in sum 总之，总而言之 3）a (large) sum of… 一（大）笔… [巩固练习] 1. Confucius’ teachings shaped the moral and ethical ________ (found) of Chinese culture. 2. I have missed plenty of beautiful sunsets/ sunrises due ________ being on the spot only five minutes before the best moment. 3. It was not until I followed this feeling to its source that I discovered I had a passion ________ writing. 4. You say to yourself, “ This is not intolerable.” and then you’ll ________ (gradual) become more patient. 5. This led to an unexpected ________ (consequent), though she had a wonderful time there. 6. I asked my parents to allow me to take ________ a piano lesson for beginners. 7. His travels and ________ (encounter) enriched his works, which continue to inspire readers. 8. One day, while driving near her home, she saw a dog ________ (wander) on the road, clearly lost. 9. I was amazed how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage while constantly ________ (grow). 10. Mark is ________ genius. By the time he graduated, he had been offered jobs by a dozen computer companies. 11. The ________ (remark) development of this city means there is always something new to discover here. 12. His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, ________ (whisper) support. 13. The activity concluded ________ a call for the protection of plants. 14. Remember that goals are flexible. They can change according to ________ (circumstance). 15. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after ________ (flow) through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. 16. This combination of healing myself and healing the world ________ (strike) me as the perfect solution. 17. Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange, ________ they are important in various countries. 18. Understanding history is vital ________ understanding ourselves as a people and as a nation. 19. Good management, like good parenting, is a long-term ________ (commit). 20. Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar, either farm fields or highways, sometimes I find ________ (distinct) character in the hills or lakes. 21. My husband stopped fishing to start the motor. Nothing. He tried again. No luck. We were ________ (stick) in the middle of the lake with a dead motor. 22. Seeking and accepting constructive feedback is crucial ________ growth. 23. For instance, the average ________ (obtain) from the estimates of our discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average ________ (obtain from 20 independent individuals. 24. Program ________ (evaluate) show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. 25. I parked my car outside the farm and walked past a milking house which had ________ (apparent) not been used in many years. 26. You should respect the views of others, and at the same time insist ________ what you think is right. 27. A study ________ (conduct) in Youngstown, Ohio, for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. 28. The environmental challenges are significant but the efforts ________ (make) by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be paying off. 29. In 1511, Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, ________ (describe) her life as a physician. 30. How did the author feel ________ his arrival in the Amazon ? 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$