专题05 阅读理解之说明文（期末真题好题速递）-【好题汇编】备战2024-2025学年高一英语上学期期末真题分类汇编（人教版2019）

专题05 阅读理解之说明文 （一） （23-24高一上·江苏常州·期末）Ridley Scott’s famous war film “Napoleon (拿破仑)” is a series of successful battles looking for a better movie to connect them. Once again, Scott’s craftsmanship (技艺) is on show here, but it’s in service of a deeply shallow screenplay. A great actor is reduced to a ghostly presence in the middle of the movie, and his partner, the character who needs to give the film a beating heart, comes off as flat and hollow. One of the problems is that the film script tries to put a lot of life into the running time of a single film. Naturally, it opens during the French Revolution, as Napoleon climbs up the political ladder of France with his war talents above all else. Another part of the problem is that Kirby, the leading actress never really understands what to play with Josephine, a mysterious celebrity (名人) who becomes too much of a mirror for Napoleon. She couldn’t give Napoleon a son, which resulted in their break-up. Was Napoleon the kind of world leader whose own unsafety resulted in killings we have seen in history? That’s here in a few places, but Scott is uninterested in making any sort of statement about Napoleon or men like him. A very just-the-facts approach of “Napoleon” is incredibly disappointing for a filmmaker who usually finds so much depth in the stories he tells. Worst of all, by the time “Napoleon” gets to Waterloo, we don’t know much more about the main character than we did when we came in. That’s a problem. Having said that, the wonderful war scenes in “Napoleon” may be enough to prove its existence for fans of historical war films. Whether its bloodied bodies breaking through ice or waves of soldiers rushing into battle, “Napoleon” has some fantastic battle scenes. Maybe the point is that Napoleon Bonaparte was only truly alive when surrounded by so much death. 1．How do you understand the underlined word “hollow” in Paragraph 1? A．Solid. B．Deep. C．Empty. D．Smooth. 2．What can we infer from Paragraph 2 to 4? A．The film successfully covers Napoleon’s whole life. B．Kirby has a good understanding of how to play Josephine. C．People couldn’t know Napoleon better through this film. D．There are some outstanding features of “Napoleon”. 3．What does Paragraph 5 mainly talk about? A．The successful battle scenes in “Napoleon”. B．The achievements of Napoleon Bonaparte. C．The wars Napoleon Bonaparte fighting in. D．The reason for Napoleon Bonaparte’s aliveness. 4．What type of writing is this text? A．A news report. B．A film review. C．A historical document. D．A science fiction. （二） （23-24高一上·江苏南通·期末）Fidget toys have been going viral recently, arousing safety concerns among parents and the whole society. To better protect the physical and mental health of young students, the Ministry of Education recently issued a notice, aiming to prevent fidget toys from presenting a risk to the health of the younger generations. Fidget toys include inhaler nasal sticks and radish knives, which are popular as stress-relievers among students. The “Energy Stick,” or inhaler nasal stick, has been selling well online recently on platforms such as Taobao. Some online shops have already sold nearly 100,000 sticks, whose prices range from 6 yuan to approximately 128 yuan. The product contains watermelon, tea and orange flavors and even alcohol to attract more customers. The online store salesperson responded by stating that the main ingredients of the product are camphor and mint (薄荷), which do not contain any addictive properties. Meanwhile, Zhao Ting, a medical expert, told the Global Times that some children are likely to get addicted to the “Energy Stick.” The colorful plastic toy knife, a radish knife, nicknamed “Carrot Knife,” has also skyrocketed an astonishing selling online. “After her classmate had bought a Carrot Knife and said it was a fun toy to use, my daughter also bought one, which makes me anxious.” Julian, a father from Beijing told the Global Times on Saturday. Some of radish knives are so small that they can be gripped in the palm of a child’s hand while others are as long as one meter. There are various ways of playing with the radish knife, with some mimic (模拟) attack at friends as part of a game, according to media reports. Experts warned that such toys could encourage violence and cause long-term mental harm to children. To change this situation, the government stressed the importance on maintaining strict management, and stopping harmful toys into campus. Schools should organize safety promotion activities to teach students to correctly identify and keep away from dangerous and harmful toys. Also, parents should teach their children to play with toys safely and correctly. 5．Why have fidget toys become popular recently? A．They are beneficial to young students’ well-being. B．They can help to reduce young students’ pressure. C．Young students are allowed to use them at schools. D．Young students can afford them at a suitable price. 6．What may help the “Energy Stick” attract young students? A．Its high value. B．Its plentiful nutrition. C．Its rich contents. D．Its effective sales. 7．What does Julian really want to say about the “Carrot Knife”? A．It brings his daughter a lot of joy. B．It might do harm to his daughter. C．It has no effect on his daughter. D．It helps his daughter realize her dream. 8．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．Different responses made to fidget toys. B．Great importance attached to fidget toys. C．Practical measures dealing with fidget toys. D．Potential dangers brought about by fidget toys. （三） （23-24高一上·江苏扬州·期末）The brain might be the place where memories are stored, and its health and efficiency depend a lot on the general health of the body. Put simply, what’s good for the body is good for the brain. Regular physical exercise doesn’t just build muscles and keep weight in check. It also protects memory and thinking skills. Research at the University of British Columbia found that regular aerobic exercise, the kind that increases your heart rate, also increases the size of the brain’s hippocampus (海马体). And a University of Maryland study found that memory improved in older adults after a 12-week exercise program. If you’re not into running or even fast walking, how about dancing? It turns out that taking a dance class may be one of the best activities you can do for your brain. A research team at the Albert Einstein School of Medicine looked at the effects of physical activity on preventing memory loss, and found that ballroom dancing was particularly effective, leading to enhancements in memory, attention and focus. “Dancing combines physical activity, learning something new, and social engagement,” says Dr. Salinas, a neurologist at NYU Langone Health. “The more of these factors an activity has, the better off you will be.” Sleep is also important for memory formation, especially long-term memory formation. When you’re asleep, the brain runs the tape of what it recorded during the day, gets rid of information that isn’t relevant and then stores other information for the long term. Besides, doing those mentally engaging activities, such as playing crossword puzzles, can also help keep our minds active. Learning a new language is often regarded as an ideal activity for brain health. “Doing something new and challenging contributes to forming new pathways in the brain, helping information go from one part of the brain to another,” says Dr. Salinas. While genetics (基因学) and family history play some roles in the risk of memory problems, so do plenty of other factors. Addressing any of these may make your memory sharper. 9．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? (①—Paragraph 1; ②—Paragraph 2; ③—Paragraph 3; ④—Paragraph 4; ⑤—Paragraph 5; ⑥—paragraph 6; ⑦—Paragraph 7) A． B． C． D． 10．What does the underlined word “enhancements” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Improvements. B．Effects. C．Troubles. D．Skills. 11．Why does the author mention Dr. Salinas’ words in Paragraph 4? A．To explain why dancing is one of the best activities for brain. B．To show which activity is likely to bring us the most benefits. C．To suggest that we should dance instead of doing other exercise. D．To conclude that the more activities we do, the healthier we will be. 12．Why is learning a new language regarded as an ideal activity for brain health? A．Because it helps store information. B．Because it is not very challenging. C．Because it makes use of pathways. D．Because it keeps our minds active. （四） （23-24高一上·江苏连云港·期末）Our future selves used to be a riddle. Now, thanks to social media filters (滤镜), we can stare them right in the face. People fell in love with TikTok this month to share themselves “aging” in real time using a filter “time travel”. Set to a sad song, the effect shows the user’s face slowly getting older, complete with wrinkles (皱纹) and sunspots. Camera filters that age you have been around for years. But advancements in AI are making the results more real. Doctor Aleksandra Brown said the TikTok time travel filter does well in guessing how a given face would age. As we get older, our facial skin thins, fat dissolves (溶解) and gravity pulls everything downward. Not everyone is pleased about this. One of Brown’s friends didn’t like watching time fly past. She couldn’t stand watching herself age 50 years in 15 seconds-could life really go by that fast? Brown cried herself after using the aging effect on her own young daughter. She won’t live to see her daughter get that old, she pointed out. For other people, the time travel filter brought up unexpected positive feelings. Actor Jonathan Bennett shared a video saying his own filtered face recalled happy memories of his late father. Nicole Loehle, a 24-year-old in New Jersey, tested the effect with her boyfriend. It gave her a new viewpoint, she said, she could imagine the relationship lasting into their old age. There’s no correct way to age. But it’s important to remember that no one can stop time or undo its effects. “I keep trying to view aging as a gift.” Brown said, “Some people don’t get to age, unfortunately?” 13．What can people do with the filter “time travel”? A．Find their partners. B．See their aging faces. C．Experience others’ lives. D．Guess their future success. 14．What are Paragraph 3 and Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．Reminders of the good old days. B．Reasons for using the aging effect. C．Reflections on close personal relationships. D．Responses to the aging effect of “time travel”. 15．Which of the following would Brown probably agree with? A．It’s good to watch time fly past. B．The “time travel” needs advancements. C．Not everyone is fortunate enough to get old. D．TickTok invented the first app with aging effect. 16．What can be the best title for the text? A．TikTok’s “time travel”: slowly or quickly B．TikTok’s “time travel”: backward or forward C．TikTok’s “time travel”: to enjoy or to suffer D．TikTok’s “time travel”: to develop or to drop （五） （23-24高一上·江苏扬州·期末）In 2019, Air Company gained public attention when it produced vodka (伏特加) from carbon in the air, in order to reduce the amount of the harmful greenhouse gas in the atmosphere. Today, the company has begun using the same process to make fuel (燃料) for airplanes. Air Company’s clean aircraft fuel, which was recently tested, could some day help the airline industry achieve its goal of net zero carbon emissions (排放) by 2050. Currently, the airline industry accounts for about 3% of total global carbon emissions each year, and mainly uses traditional, fossil-based fuels. A number of producers of clean aircraft fuel have come out in recent years, many of whom use something like plant material and cooking oil. But Air Company’s production process starts by pulling harmful carbon emissions out of the air. The company first harvests carbon, mostly from industrial settings. It then takes water, separates the hydrogen from the oxygen, and puts the carbon together with the hydrogen and other mixtures. After that, it distills (蒸馏) that solution down. The final products are ethyl alcohol (乙醇) to make the company’s vodka and other products such as perfume, as well as paraffin, which forms the basis of its aircraft fuel. By the time a plane has flown using Air Company’s fuel, it will have given off the same amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) back into the atmosphere as was acquired to make the fuel. “Already, some of the world’s biggest airlines are supporting Air Company’s dream. They have agreed to buy millions of gallons of its fuel in the coming years.” The company manager says, “However, to get to those large industrial markets like aircraft fuel, traditionally known as the hottest industry to get green, is a long way to go. It’s going to take time, money and effort.” 17．What can we learn from the first two paragraphs? A．Air Company is famous for producing vodka. B．Air Company no longer uses traditional fuels. C．Air Company’s fuel is likely to be environmentally friendly. D．Air Company accounts for 3% of total global carbon emissions. 18．What does the underlined part “that solution” refer to in Paragraph 4? A．Ethyl alcohol forming the aircraft fuel. B．Hydrogen that is separated from water. C．Oxygen, hydrogen, carbon and ethyl alcohol. D．Mix of carbon, hydrogen and other mixtures. 19．What can be inferred from the manager’s words in the last paragraph? A．Major Airlines have already put Air Company’s fuel into use. B．It takes time for Air Company’s fuel to be used on regular flights. C．The fuel produced by Air Company is sure to be very expensive. D．Air company alone will be able to occupy the aircraft fuel markets. 20．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．Air Company: Make Air Travel Green B．Air Company’s Carbon Production Dream C．Air Company’s Environmental Supporters D．Air Company: Make Traditional Fuels Available （六） （23-24高一上·江苏盐城·期末）There are lots of scholarship programs in the United States, but Hope Chicago is raising standards. Through the help of funding (资助) partners, they’ve been able to raise $40 million that will go toward paying the tuition (学费), room, board, and books for thousands of students in Chicago. How are these students chosen? All they have to do is go to one of the five Chicago Public Schools (CPS) that are partnered with the organization. That’s right-every single student who attends one of these five schools is able to go to one of 20 partnering colleges or trade schools at no cost, including the University of Illinois. To help encourage students to follow through with their education, each child that joins a full-time program may have one parent continue their education for free as well. The first announcement was at Benito Juarez High School. The students were so surprised by the news that they went almost totally silent and the head teacher, Juan Carlos Ocon, had to repeat what he said. Upon hearing the news for the second time, a celebration began. “That’s when the hall of more than 500 students and parents was filled with energy, hopes and dreams,” Juan said. “You could see the tears in the eyes of our students and parents.” Each person taking part in Hope Chicago is driven by their wish to “reduce economic and social inequality,” said Pete Kaden’s, one of Hope Chicago’s founders. Hope Chicago hopes to become one of many life-changing organizations to make getting an education easier. In the next ten years, they aim to spend $1bilion to send tens of thousands of students and family members to colleges or trade schools. “A scholarship program of this size has never been done before, but we are focusing on Chicago’s families most in need,” Pete said. “With that in mind, our goal is to see Hope Chicago positively influence the further education system and serve as a model for the nation.” 21．Who can get scholarships from Hope Chicago? A．Students, suffering from diseases. B．Students learning in certain schools. C．Students graduating with honors. D．Students from single-parent homes. 22．How did the students feel after Juan repeated his words? A．Terribly bored. B．Unbearably sad. C．Completely calm. D．Extremely happy. 23．What is Pete’s attitude toward Hope Chicago? A．Thankful. B．Uncaring. C．Hopeful. D．Unclear. 24．What is a suitable title for the text? A．These students just got life-changing news. B．These scholarship programs meant so much. C．Parents play a big role in educating children. D．Social inequality exists in modern education. （七） （23-24高一上·江苏南通·期末）A hollow (空洞) halfway up a tree might seem like a strange place to look for a water-loving animal, but the results of a new survey have showed that common toads (蟾蜍) in the U. K. are skillful tree climbers. The surprising discovery was made by researchers from the University of Cambridge, working with Froglife, a charity devoted to amphibians(animals such as frogs and toads that divide their time between being on land and in water). The team looked at reports from volunteers who were studying special nest boxes as part of the National Dormouse (睡鼠) Monitoring Program and the Bat Tree habitat Key project. “We couldn’t believe what we found,” said Nida Alfulaij, a scientist who supported the work. “We’re used to discovering woodland birds and other small mammals in nest boxes, but we hadn’t considered finding amphibians in them.” More than 50 common toads were found in very unexpected places: in parts of trees that are usually used by bats, in nest boxes designed for dormice, and even in old birds’ nests. That’s such a surprisingly high number that the researchers think tree-climbing must be a common toad habit—it’s just never been noticed before. The researchers say this shows how sharing data between surveys with different aims can lead to new discoveries—even about species that experts believe they know well. Through the discoveries the researchers also have a clear understanding of how important tree hollows, cracks and holes are to all sorts of animals. It’s still unclear how easy the toads find it to climb—they were spotted up to 3 meters high in trees but this was as far up as the volunteers were looking, so they could be going even higher. Why do the kind of toads climb the trees? The researchers have some guesses, such as looking for food, hiding from hunters or avoiding pests such as the toad fly. It is still a puzzle. 25．What do we know about the new study? A．It relied on the early studies of the team. B．It came as no surprise to the researchers. C．It resulted from the data of other surveys. D．It proves what experts have known before. 26．Which of the following statements about toads is TRUE? A．Trees are believed to be toads’ best place to live in. B．They climb trees to keep bats and dormice company. C．The proper number of toads living together is 50 or so. D．The toads may have formed the habit of climbing before. 27．What may the team research about common toads in the future? A．Other living habits. B．The reasons for climbing. C．The ways to avoid pests. D．More examples of the finding. 28．Where may be the passage taken from? A．A science journal about biology. B．A paper about the habitats of birds. C．A fiction about amphibians animals. D．A course about the significance of trees. （八） （23-24高一上·江苏镇江·期末）Mammoth Cave National Park, in the state of Kentucky, is a unique and historical natural wonder. It has the world’s longest cave system. There may be another 600 miles of cave passageways that have yet to be explored. In addition, more than 200 caves that are disconnected from the larger system can be found in the park. The underground caves were created naturally by the process of limestone (石灰岩) erosion. Rain and rivers slowly dissolve (溶解) and shape soft limestone. The system is still being shaped today. Not only are they an amazing destination to visit, but the system also provides drinking water for about 40% of the US population. The caves’ first explorers were Native Americans, who mined (采矿) the upper levels of Mammoth Cave. Later, the sites were left in great shape and began to draw public interest. Mammoth Cave was made into a national park thanks to strong support. Back in the 1920s, the Southern Appalachian National Park Commission was set up in 1925. After years of work, as well as building roads and public facilities, the park was completed on July 1, 1941. The park now receives around 2 million visitors a year, with about a quarter taking a tour of the caves—everything from a cultural tour to the more adventurous tours on offer. The cave supports more than 130 wildlife species (物种). The park is also much more than just a cave; the forest around has a diverse (多种多样的) range of species. There are miles of trails open for horseback riding, with canoe trails and great fishing spots. There are also more than 1,300 flowering species in the forest, and animals like wood warblers, thrushes, and bald eagles can regularly be seen. 29．What can we learn about Mammoth Cave from the first two paragraphs? A．It was made by ancient people. B．It has the length of 600 miles. C．It is made up of 200 connected caves. D．It has a large underground system. 30．How do the caves form? A．Explorers mine the upper levels. B．The government searches for drinkable water. C．Water dissolves limestone. D．People build roads and public facilities. 31．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．More than 1,300 flowers grow in the caves. B．The park offers visitors diverse experiences. C．Most visitors come to the park just for caves. D．Two million people have visited the park till now. 32．What is the best title for the text? A．Planning cave tours around the world B．Exploring the world’s longest cave system C．Learning about the explorers of Mammoth Cave D．Predicting the future of Mammoth Cave National Park （九） （23-24高一上·浙江丽水·期末）A group of researchers has come up with a way to make it easier to drive in the snow: by designing tyres(轮胎)based on polar bear paws. “We had an ongoing project for many years focused on ice,” said Ali Dhinojwala, who took part in the research. “We were looking at the friction(摩擦力)of materials because our national partners need to develop tyres with a strong grip on the road in ice and snow conditions.” The team turned to nature for inspiration, thinking that evolution might have already solved the problem in a way that could be copied with technology. The obvious place to look was polar bears—specifically the tiny bumps(凸块)on the surface of their paw pads—to find out what effect they have on the animals’ ability to move quickly across icy and snowy area. To do this, the team gathered samples(样本)of polar bear paw pads, as well as samples from brown bears and American black bears(two species closely related to polar bears)and sun bears(a distantly related species, typically found in Asia). The team imaged the samples using a scanning electron microscope, produced 3D-printed copies and then tested them in snow in the lab. They found that the tiny structures on the polar bear paw pads were taller, which gave them better friction on the snow, even though polar bears have smaller pads compared to other bears. The team now wants to look into other factors that may have an effect, such as the patterns and shapes of the tiny structures. “If you look at snow tyres you’ll see that they do have some deeper treads(外胎花纹), but this research could also show various ways to design them that could have a larger impact,” said Dhinojwala. 33．What does the underlined word “they” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．Polar bears. B．Tiny bumps. C．Paw pads. D．Snowy roads. 34．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The background of the research. B．The finding of the research. C．The differences of samples in the lab. D．The comparison of different bear pads. 35．What can we infer from Dhinojwala’s words in the last paragraph? A．Different treads might be designed on the snow tyres. B．Snow tyres that have deeper treads can be safe enough. C．The design of snow tyres requires no further improvement. D．The researchers should have turned to other bears for inspiration. 36．Which of the following can be the best title of the passage? A．An easier way to drive in the snow B．An ongoing project focused on ice C．Snow tyres based on polar bear paws D．A new research on polar bear paw pads （十） （23-24高一上·浙江嘉兴·期末）With their beautiful feathers, roosters might be forgiven for secretly taking quick looks in the mirror—especially as research now suggests the birds may be able to recognise themselves. The ability to recognise oneself in the mirror has so far been found in a handful of animals, including elephants, dolphins, and certain fish and birds. Sonja Hillemacher, one of the authors of the study at the University of Bonn, said animals that can recognise themselves in a mirror often seemed to have more advanced cognitive abilities, and that there was a link to social and emotional wisdom, as well as self-awareness. “This ability is a basic aspect of cognition. It is also important for us,” she said. Writing in the journal Plos One, Hillemacher and her colleagues note that roosters tend to call out to their fellow chickens if they see a threat. If a rooster is alone, however, it does not usually raise the alarm as it could draw the enemy’s attention. In the experiment, the team placed a rooster in an indoor space and then placed a mirror, or another rooster, or nothing. The team then showed the image of a flying hawk (鹰) onto the ceiling in the space. The results from 58 roosters found that the birds made far more alarm calls when they could see another rooster nearby, with 1.33 alarm calls per bird on average over three tests, than when alone (0.29 calls on average) or faced with the mirror (0.43 calls on average). In the follow-up experiment, the team found a similar reduction in calls when they placed a second rooster out of sight behind the mirror. The team said the findings suggest the birds did not regard their reflection as another rooster, even when there was also the presence of smell and sound of a second bird, which proves that roosters may recognise themselves in a mirror. 37．What does the new study led by Sonjn Hillemacher show? A．Only a few animals can recognise themselves in a mirror. B．Some animals have cognitive abilities similar to humans. C．Roosters will enjoy their own beauty when looking in a mirror. D．Roosters may have the ability to recognise themselves in a mirror. 38．What is the purpose of paragraph 3? A．To stress the importance of the research. B．To provide the scientific basis for the research. C．To explain reasons for carrying out the research. D．To offer details of the preparation for the research. 39．What do we know about how the experiments were conducted? A．A flying hawk was put in an indoor space. B．A second rooster was placed near a mirror. C．Different conditions were set to test the roosters. D．Separate areas were needed to group the roosters. 40．How did the roosters react in the experiments? A．They made only a bit more alarm calls with a second rooster in sight. B．They made fewer alarm calls when faced with a mirror than when alone. C．They made more than one alarm call in each test with another rooster in sight. D．They made similarly fewer alarm calls when another rooster was hidden nearby. （十一） （23-24高一上·浙江宁波·期末）Each year, the discovery of new shark species underlines how little we know about ocean biodiversity. In a recent report conducted by Sibert and Rubin, they reported an unexpected finding: a large-scale extinction of sharks in the pelagic ocean, the largest ecosystem on Earth, about 19 million years ago. Their discovery suggests that some extinctions in the open sea of the past may have been mysterious. The study of Sibert and Rubin takes advantage of a system by using tiny, hard bits of shark skin and bony fish teeth that naturally fall from their bodies to the seafloor. These extremely small fossils provide a rich record of ancient oceanic sharks and their abundance for thousands of years. By studying fossils from many regions, the diversity patterns can give major insights into evolution (进化) of the open sea that would be otherwise unknown. Sibert and Rubin quantified(量化)a past extinction of sharks, reporting a 90% decline in number and >70% drop in diversity. They found that nearer-shore sharks appear to survive, but migratory ones go extinct. The finding of this study is that sharks had undergone a widespread extinction that reorganized their communities from 16 million to 20 million years ago. Sibert and Rubin narrowed the disappearance of sharks to a window of time under 100,000 years around 19 million years ago, but the causes of this event remain unclear. Because this time period does not stand out as a period of major climatic change, the authors do not attribute(归因于) environmental factors as an extinction driver. As for other causes, the loss of shark diversity is directly linked to overfishing. The loss of sharks from the oceans has profound, complex, and unavoidable ecological consequences because their presence reflects the stability of marine ecosystems. Yet, one-quarter of the global diversity of sharks is currently threatened with extinction. Despite recent improvements in conservation actions, shark communities never recovered from a mysterious extinction event 19 million years ago; the ecological fate of what remains is now in our hands. 41．What did Sibert and Rubin find? A．The negative impact of the extinction of sharks. B．The mysterious reasons behind the disappearance of sharks. C．The most recent advances in the study of the largest ecosystem. D．The large-scale decline in the number of sharks about 19 million years ago. 42．How did Sibert and Rubin conduct their study? A．By collecting and analyzing shark fossils worldwide. B．By quantifying the movement of near-shore sharks. C．By using a system to study the naturally fallen bits from sharks. D．By keeping track of ancient oceanic sharks and their activities. 43．According to the passage, which of the following statement is true? A．Overfishing is partly to blame for the loss of shark diversity. B．The number of sharks has recovered to its previous level. C．Scientist have figured out the exact causes of sharks’ extinction. D．Sharks had undergone a widespread extinction due to the climate change. 44．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Sharks: The Stories behind Them B．Sharks: The Marine Masters C．Sharks: Killers or Misunderstood? D．Sharks: The Mysterious Extinction （十二） （23-24高一上·浙江杭州·期末）In the past few weeks, Richard Eckersley has noticed a change in the type of people who come into his shop. In 2017, the former Manchester United footballer set up Earth. Food. Love in Tones, Devon, with his wife, Nicola. It’s the UK’s first “zero waste” store—the food is in big jars and boxes and people bring their own containers. “A lot of new people are coming in-people who have not necessarily been interested in environmental issues before”, he says. Recently, the government called for supermarkets to introduce plastic-free passageways. But Eckersley says many customers are already way ahead of politicians. He and Nicola have helped people set up similar stores in Wales, Birmingham, and Bristol. Ingrid Caldironi had a similar idea. She set up a plastic-free shop in London last year, which has been so popular that it is soon moving to a bigger site. Eckersley and Caldironi are members of an anti-plastics movement in the UK that has been growing as a result of the BBC’s Blue Planet series and a general worry about the damage plastic is doing to the environment. But big supermarkets have so far not tried very hard to reduce their plastic waste. Sian Sutherland, founder of the movement “A Plastic Planet”, says, “The most exciting thing is that politicians and industry are no longer saying that recycling will solve the problem. Banning the use of plastic packaging for food and drink products is the only answer.” Walking down the passageways of the supermarket where everything from pizza to fresh fruit and vegetables is covered in plastic. Sutherland says immediate action is needed. Plastic pollution is causing widespread global damage. More than one million plastic bottles are bought around the world every minute, and most end up in landfill or the sea. The contamination is so wide that tap water around the world also contains plastic. 45．What is special about Earth. Food. Love? A．It gives away boxes of food. B．It is a store without plastic bags. C．It has few new customers. D．It is the UK’s first supermarket. 46．What caused Caldironi’s shop to be relocated to a larger place? A．Its popularity. B．Its products. C．Its profits. D．Its similarity. 47．What does the underlined word “contamination” in last paragraph mean? A．Pollution. B．Acceptance. C．Influence. D．Application. 48．What is the text mainly about? A．The impact of BBC’s Blue Planet series on anti-plastics movements. B．Rising anti-plastics movement alongside increasing environmental concerns. C．A guide to setting up plastic-free stores to promote recycling in the whole UK. D．Richard Eckersley’s personal journey in waste reduction and pollution prevention. （十三） （23-24高一上·浙江宁波·期末）Computer-generated (产生) writers…writing computer-generated stories? Sports Illustrated is the latest media company to see its good name damaged—if not totally dishonest—about who or what is writing its stories at the beginning of the artificial intelligence (AI) age. The once-powerful media company said it was firing a company that produced articles for its website written by writers who clearly don’t exist. This week, the Futurism website reported that Sports Illustrated used stories written by writers it could not identify. Upon questioning Sports Illustrated, Futurism said all of the writers with Al-generated photos disappeared from the magazine’s website. No explanation was offered. Futurism quoted (引用) an unnamed person at the magazine who said AI was used in the creation of some content as well—“no matter how much they say that it’s not.” Sports Illustrated said the articles in question were created by a third-party company, AdVon Commerce, which made the magazine believe that they were written and edited by humans. AdVon had its writers use a pen name, “actions we don’t agree on,” Sports Illustrated said. Earlier this year, experiments with AI went wrong at media companies. Many companies are testing the new technology at a time when human workers fear it could cost jobs. But it doesn’t work in journalism, which builds and markets its values-based products on truth. “Although there’s nothing wrong in media companies’ experimenting with AI, the mistake is in trying to hide it,” said Tom Rosenstiel, a University of Maryland professor who teaches journalism ethnics (新闻道德). “If you want to be in the truth-telling business, you shouldn’t tell lies,” Rosenstiel said, “A secret is a form of lying.” 49．What can we learn about Sports Illustrated according to Paragraph 2? A．It was an honest media company. B．AI might do harm to its good name. C．It fired a company started at an AI Age. D．Al made it the latest technology company. 50．Why did the Futurism question Sports Illustrated? A．Because Sports Illustrated used the same writers to create stories. B．Because AI-generated stories were used on the magazine’s website. C．Because Sports Illustrated quoted an unnamed person at the magazine. D．Because AI-generated photos disappeared from the magazine’s website. 51．Which “cost” below is in the closet meaning to the “cost” in the last paragraph? A．This dictionary cost him 10 dollars. B．The house cost my aunt an arm and a leg. C．Such behaviour could cost you your place in the team. D．I didn’t get my dream sports shoes because they cost a lot. 52．What might be the best title for the text? A．Media Companies that Use AI Tool. B．Writing Computer-generated Stories. C．Al Writing Ruining Media Company’s Fame. D．Firing Companies that Produce Al-written Stories. （十四） （23-24高一上·浙江绍兴·期末）If exercise seems like a great idea but you can never keep up a routine, it’s worth thinking about your exercise “mindset” — defined by psychologists as attitudes that shape our behaviour and reality. Research evidence is mounting that identifying some of our most habitual beliefs and replacing them with more adaptive ones can revive our ability to keep ourselves healthy. “Whether they’re true or not, mindsets have an effect,” says Dr. Alia Crum. “They change what we pay attention to, what we’re motivated to do, how we feel emotionally about what we’re doing and what we decide to prioritize (优先处理).” For instance, maybe you’ve tried to shame or scare yourself into going to the gym by reconsidering the health risks of not moving. Or perhaps you’ve aimed to get active by thinking of the long-term positive aspects of exercise: exercising regularly is 1.5 times more effective than taking medicine in easing depression, stress and anxiety. In contrast, thinking about exercise in all-or-nothing terms — “I need at least 30 minutes or there’s no point” — is the enemy of consistency. You want to use the mindset that “any and all movement is worth it, and everything counts,” says Dr. Michelle Segar, a researcher at the University of Michigan. Even a quick walk in the middle of a busy day is good for your well-being. If that doesn’t agree with your perfectionist tendencies (倾向), consider whether those tendencies have worked for you. Though strict standards may help some people, for many others they backfire, creating a cycle of failure. Besides bringing flexibility (灵活性) to how you view your movement, changing your “why” for getting active can also help keep up motivation. Rather than seeing workouts as a way to lose weight, it can help to focus on more immediately pleasant reasons to do it, like clearing your mind or feeling less stressed. Regarding the process of exercise as something that’s attractive makes a difference. The key is to focus on the pleasure that exercise can bring, and then pick an activity that is actually rewarding. 53．What’s the writing purpose of paragraph 1? A．To give a general description of mindset. B．To explain people’s confusion over mindset. C．To investigate the reasons for habitual behaviors. D．To stress the importance of adapting exercise mindset. 54．What can be learned about Alia Crum’s point of view? A．Everything matters in promoting one’s health. B．Mindsets affect one’s motivation and decision to act. C．It’s a good idea to make an exercise plan more flexible. D．It’s necessary to take some enjoyable and valuable exercise. 55．What does the author mean by the underlined sentence in paragraph 3? A．Strict standards require people to work out every day. B．Strict standards aren’t suitable for those perfectionists. C．Strict standards may lead to the opposite result for others. D．Strict standards stop people revising their plans regularly. 56．Which can be a suitable title for the text? A．A New Study of Exercise Routine B．Focus on the Pleasure of Exercise C．The Power of Your Exercise Mindset D．Exercise Mindset and Failures Connected （十五） （23-24高一上·广东惠州·期末）There are thousands of languages in the world. But which language is the oldest? Experts use different methods to find out the age of a language. Finding the oldest language is a challenging task, according to Danny Hieber, an expert in the study of endangered languages. “If we think that most languages can date back to an original human language, all languages are equally old,” Hieber said. However, it’s impossible to find out such language —the direct ancestor of every language in the world. Accordingly, some experts believe that the “oldest language” should belong to one with a well-established written record. Many of the earliest recorded examples of writing come from languages that used cuneiform script (楔形文字). Among these languages are Sumerian and Akkadian, both dating back at least 4,600 years. Experts have also found Egyptian hieroglyphs that date to around the same historical period. These hieroglyphs, which can be translated into “He has united the Two Lands for his son, Dual King Peribsen,” are considered the earliest complete sentence ever discovered. Experts generally agree that Sumerian, Akkadian and Egyptian are the oldest languages with a clear written record. All three are extinct, meaning that they are no longer used and don’t have any living followers which can carry the language to the next generation. As for the oldest language that is still spoken, several competitors appear. Hebrew and Arabic stand out among such languages for having timelines that experts can reasonably find, according to Hieber. Although these earliest written languages only date back around 3,000 years, Hieber said, “both of them belong to the Afroasiatic language family, whose roots date back to 18, 000 to 8,000 B．C． E. , or about 20,000 to 10,000 years ago.” Even with this wide period of time, it is widely accepted that Afroasiatic is the oldest language family. But the exact point in time when Hebrew and Arabic separated from other Afroasiatic languages is heavily debated among experts. 57．How do experts determine the age of a language? A．By studying its spoken dialects. B．By analyzing its basic grammar. C．By examining its written records. D．By comparing it to other languages. 58．What is the value of the Egyptian hieroglyphs? A．They’re an example of cuneiform script. B．They belong to the Afroasiatic language. C．They provide evidence of the oldest language. D．They’re the earliest-known complete sentences. 59．What does the underlined word “extinct” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Gone B．Ancient. C．Outdated. D．Active. 60．What is the main disagreement among experts regarding Hebrew and Arabic? A．The reason for their standing out. B．The exact time of their separation. C．The appearance of their competitors. D．The roots of earliest written languages. （十六） （23-24高一上·广东深圳·期末）In the continuing fever for outdoor sports and activities, China’s young generation now find themselves drawn to a new activity—lure fishing (假饵钓鱼). Traditional fishing methods use real bait (饵) and often require hours of patient waiting. However, lure fishing takes a different approach. Here, fishermen use man-made bait to copy the movements of a fish’s natural prey (捕食) such as swimming, struggling and escaping. In this way, fish will mistake the bait for the real prey and make attack. Because fishermen need to frequently throw and take back the line to seek for fish, the sport looks elegant and is called “water golf”. “The fish shakes and struggles sharply. The feeling is just like putting your hand out of the window while driving at fifty miles per hour,” a fishing lover says, recalling his experience of catching a big fish using a lure fishing technique. In recent months, many young Chinese have taken to social media to share their experiences. The topic “lure fishing” has over 140,000 posts on the lifestyle platform Xiaohongshu, and videos with the same tag have billions of views on the short video platform Douyin. Another feature that attracts the young generation is lure fishing’s environmentally-responsible approach. By using green man-made bait, the activity does not bring trouble to the natural environment of the water. Also, the general agreement in the lure fishing community is to “catch and release”, which is to let the little fish go and grow, in order to protect fish. Moreover, lure fishing is beginner-friendly and requires less equipment compared with traditional fishing. A basic set costs between 500 and 2,000 yuan. But costs can rise significantly if you seek to take a more professional approach. “Each fishing scene has its fishing rod (竿), and each fishing technique also has its fishing rod,” another lure fishing lover says. He adds he has seven to eight sets of fishing rods, which should come to thousands of yuan in cost. 61．How is lure fishing different from traditional methods? A．It is a more active way. B．It uses real small fish as bait. C．It is a more time-consuming way. D．It saves fishing lovers’ energy. 62．Which of the following best describes the feeling of the lure fishing lover in paragraph 3? A．Tired. B．Relaxed. C．Surprised. D．Touched. 63．Why is lure fishing thought as environmentally-friendly? A．It uses more natural bait. B．It requires fewer resources. C．It improves the quality of water. D．It maintains fish’s living condition. 64．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about lure fishing? A．Its expenses. B．Its skills. C．Its benefits. D．Its audiences. （十七） （23-24高一上·广东东莞·期末）Rainwater in cities causes more troubles than wet feet. It carries away waste from rooftops and streets as it washes through cities. European scientists are now trying to work out how to deal with flooding rainwater. In the city of Wetteren, Belgium, researchers are experimenting with seashells. Millions of shells from the nearby North Sea are used to collect and treat rainwater from a shopping-mall roof and a parking lot. The shells are laid below a surface drain (下水道) through which dirty water is carried away. With a 70% empty space that allows them to store rainwater, they’re also a natural cleaning station, which is then used to water community gardens. The experiment is part of a project called StopUP whose goal is to prevent rainwater from carrying pollutants into lakes and rivers. The project’s focus is to make sure that such wastewater, which can include everything from plastics to heavy metals, gets treated. Thomas Jeffery, head of the College of Environmental Engineering in Germany, said a big knowledge gap can exist between the popular perception of rainwater and its true content. “Rainwater seems to be very clean, but when it washes the streets and roofs, it becomes full of dust and other harmful pollutants,” said Thomas. In Europe, 38% of surface waterbodies have different forms of pollutants, which run deep in the ground and damage soils, plants and animals, according to Julie Rosalie, director of the European Environment Agency. Human health depends on clean water for drinking, bathing and cooking, and now we arc at risk because plants and animals are affected by chemicals in rivers, lakes and coastal waters. “StopUP technologies and methods could provide tools to reduce rainwater pollution.” Rosalie said. “It has a positive effect on the quality of our common environment.” 65．What are the seashells in the experiment used for? A．Clearing the polluted rainwater. B．Repairing a shopping mall. C．Making gardens more attractive. D．Carrying away waste in cities. 66．What is the goal of the project of StopUP? A．Promoting the use of seashells. B．Reusing plastics and heavy metals. C．Experimenting ways to treat rainwater. D．Encouraging people to stop water pollution. 67．Which of the following best explains “perception” underlined in paragraph 4? A．Understanding. B．Custom C．Style. D．Tendency. 68．What can we know according to Julie Rosalie? A．More tools are needed to reduce water pollution. B．StopUP helps to improve the environmental quality. C．38% of surface water in Europe is free from pollutants. D．Human beings are in danger because of a lack of water. （十八） （23-24高一上·广东揭阳·期末）Swimming is well known to offer many health benefits, including building endurance and muscle strength. But what about swimming in icy cold water? This might not sound very appealing, but there’s evidence that it can actually be good for us. Cold-water swimming is also called wild swimming, where people swim in natural bodies of water such as ponds, rivers, and the sea. Although jumping in might give a quick shock to the body, many enthusiasts claim they get used to it over time. In fact, research has found it to have many physical and mental benefits. Apart from being a great way to exercise, spending time in the outdoors and near water can improve overall wellbeing. There’s plenty of anecdotal (传闻的) evidence suggesting that cold-water swimming has cured people’s illness, ranging from pain relief to an overall sense of feeling amazed. One reason why getting into cold water might be beneficial is that it causes a stress response in the body. The more people do it, the better their reaction to stress becomes. Additionally, some experts believe that cold-water swimming helps the body prepare for other forms of stress by adapting to similar stressors. For example, it also helps reduce the stress of exercising at high altitudes. People who want to try cold-water swimming should approach it with caution, swim with a friend if possible, and start during the summer when the temperatures are warmer. It might not be for everyone, but for those willing to take risks, the extra health benefits might be worth it. 69．What are some physical benefits of cold-water swimming? A．Building endurance and muscle strength. B．Greater lung capacity and building endurance. C．Improved joint mobility and muscle strength. D．Increased muscle flexibility and greater lung capacity. 70．What is the anecdotal evidence about cold-water swimming? A．It has been proven to cure many illnesses. B．It can be dangerous and should not be attempted. C．People feel amazed after doing cold-water swimming. D．Doctors recommend cold-water swimming for everyone. 71．Based on the experts’ opinion, what do cold-water swimming help the body prepare for? A．Increasing lung capacity. B．Reducing inflammation. C．Adapting to similar stressors. D．Building muscle strength. 72．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．The Health Benefits of Swimming. B．The Benefits of Cold Water Swimming. C．How Cold Water Swimming Makes You Healthy. D．Why Cold Water Swimming Helps Reduce the Stress. （十九） （23-24高一上·广东湛江·期末）Saodat Sadikova is an English teacher in Jizzakh, Uzbekistan. As a young girl, she dreamed of becoming a flight attendant (空乘人员) and traveling the world, so she learned at least three languages. Although she was not able to become a flight attendant, Sadikova could speak Uzbek, Russian, English and Turkish. Sadikova has never traveled abroad but reports feeling connected to people around the world. American Trina Bright worked in education for nearly 25 years and she traveled to many countries, including China and South Africa. Bright used stories from her travels to help her students in the U. S. understand their place in the world and see value in their own cultures. But Bright, unlike Sadikova, does not report feeling connected to people around the world. Bright is not alone. Pew Research Center recently asked people in 24 countries a series of questions about how connected they feel to the world to see how travel experience relates to feelings of connectedness. The study found that respondents (调查对象) who had traveled to at least one other country feel more connected to people around the world. 99 percent of respondents in the Netherlands reported having visited at least one other country and 77 percent of respondents from the Netherlands said they feel at least somewhat close to people all over the world. But international travel does not always mean a person feels a closeness to people around the world. 99 percent of Swedish respondents said they had visited at least one other country. Yet a much smaller number of Swedish respondents—47 percent—report feeling close to people all over the world. Sadikova said she felt connected to the world because of media, which makes it quite easy to get to know events and news. 73．Why did Saodat Sadikova learn several languages? A．To move abroad. B．To broaden her view. C．To connect to the world. D．To achieve her flying dream. 74．What benefit did Trina Bright get from her travels? A．She improved her education. B．She applied them to her teaching. C．She understood the value of culture. D．She could speak a foreign language. 75．What did the research focus on? A．How people get to know the world. B．How people feel connected to the world. C．Why people enjoy international travel. D．Why travel influences the connection of people. 76．What can we learn from paragraph 4? A．The aim of the research. B．The process of the research. C．The result of the research. D．The method of the research. （二十） （23-24高一上·北京昌平·期末）Getting older often involves a series of challenges, such as cognitive (认知的) decline, late-life depression and social isolation. In a society that is aging fast, it has become important to find ways to promote successful aging to prevent and limit cognitive and emotional disorders. Music is a promising tool for improving cognition and promoting well-being. Cognitive reserve (储备) is the mind’s power to stop age-related brain damage. Research has shown that stimulating (令人兴奋的) life experiences are linked with higher power to prevent age-related brain diseases. Music is known to be cognitively stimulating and it could contribute to building such reserve throughout the life course. Music makes unique demands on our nervous system, like cognitive control. For example, lifelong musical expert knowledge and skills seem to reduce cognitive decline. However, it is not necessary to be a professional musician to benefit from musical training. Research shows that even short-term musical training strengthens cognition in the elderly. The brain is built to change over our lifetime, which can be shaped by experience. Importantly, this happens over time and in response to a specific new skill. Research studies have identified structural and functional differences between the brains of musicians and non-musicians, especially in regions related to motor control and auditory processing. Evidence shows that even short-term musical interventions (干预) can promote brain plasticity and increase grey matter volume. Even passive music listening can result in improved cognitive abilities. Music can open forgotten doors to our memories — such as weddings, school dances, and parties — with little cognitive effort. Music helps to recall all the memories that you have connected with a song. The “reminiscence bump” is used to describe enhanced memory for events that occur during adolescence (青春期) and early adulthood that are often sharp. A song becomes a soundtrack for a particular time, such as during a summer hanging out with a specific group of friends. Music has a great power to bring strong emotions and intense pleasure into your mind, thus changing mood. Music can be used as an aid for escaping from everyday life through imagination of your own memories. Moreover, musical activities often involve social functions promoting social contact, cooperation, and a sense of belonging with others. In sum, music is a powerful tool to fight against aging-related emotional and cognitive disorders. Music is also considered as a social activity, accessible to anyone regardless of background. So, this intervention should become a major policy priority for health y aging. 77．What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us about music? A．The effect of music on musicians. B．The benefit of music for cognition. C．The power of music over loneliness. D．The demand of music on nervous system. 78．The author uses “reminiscence bump” in Paragraph 4 to ________. A．introduce a topic B．provide an opinion C．compare with music D．explain an argument 79．What can we learn from the passage? A．Short-term musical training doesn’t work. B．The brain can’t be influenced by experience. C．Music can be used to limit emotional disorders. D．Music is a powerful tool to fight against aging. （二十一） （23-24高一上·北京石景山·期末）Carefully play with pets Do you have a pet? Many children like pets and even treat them like humans sometimes. They may like to kiss or hug (拥抱) their pets. But this can make you sick, according to Daily Mail. Kissing or hugging pets such as dogs and cats can cause people to take in drug-resistant bacteria (耐药细菌), British scientists said. Many pet owners give their pets antibiotics (抗生素) when they get sick. But taking antibiotics too often can affect (影响) the bacteria inside your pct. The bacteria can become drug resistant. When people kiss or hug their pets, this kind of bacteria can move to them and make them sick. Close relationships between pet owners and their pets are important. But if pet owners follow the rules below, they will not get sick. Rules for playing ·Do not kiss your pets on the mouth. ·Do not let your pets lick (舔) your mouth or nose. ·Wash your hands after touching and playing with your pets. ·If you have a wound, cover it. This way, bacteria cannot pass on to you from your pet. 80．According to Daily Mail, kissing or hugging pets can make people feel ___________. A．sad B．sick C．happy D．sleepy 81．Why is it dangerous to take in drug-resistant bacteria from pets? A．Because humans can't use antibiotics. B．Because these bacteria aren't harmful to people. C．Because pets may die if they lose these bacteria. D．Because antibiotics can't be used against these bacteria. 82．Many pet owners like to kiss or hug their pets to ______________. A．improve their relationships B．show their true love for children C．make their pets feel important D．reduce the stress of busy lifestyles 83．What lesson does the passage teach us? A．Don't kiss or hug our pets. B．Don't give antibiotics to our pets. C．Don't keep pets inside your home. D．Don't become drug-resistant. （二十二） （23-24高一上·北京朝阳·期末）Earlier findings about sharks have shown that they could learn skills from each other. Recently, Vera Schluessel at the University of Bonn in Germany and her colleagues have done research on how well 12 bamboo sharks could recognize (认出) different numbers of objects. Each shark was put in a training pool with pictures of two different groups of geometric (几何图形的) shapes projected onto a wall The team then cycled through at least 40 objects of different shapes and shades to ensure the sharks weren’t simply picking up on the darkness of the objects or the area of wall they covered. Around half the sharks learned to reliably press their nose against the image with the most objects, after which they were rewarded with food. These sharks only seemed able to pick out the bigger group if it contained at least two more objects than the smaller one. This may be because the difference between six and seven fish or predators (捕食者) is unimportant in the wild, says Schluessel. The reason not all the sharks learned how to do the task could be that they, like all animals, have differences in intelligence (智力). Sharks join a growing number of animals that have been discovered to have similar skills at distinguishing quantities, including black bears, guppies and rhesus monkeys. In one experiment, dogs and wolves were able to reliably pick the larger of two groups. But dogs could only do so when one of the groups had far more objects. Some shark species are social learners and can perform a task in a tank more quickly if they watch another shark that has already been trained to do it. This challenges the image of sharks as mindless, solitary creatures. Just like humans, sharks learn from their own experiences and failures. And just as we do, sharks can learn from each other’s experiences too, says Catarina Vila Pouca at Macquarie University in Australia. “Being able to learn from others is enormously beneficial. Not only does it save time, but watching another shark’s success at feeding or failure to escape predators could be a matter of life or death.” Schluessel and her colleagues have also previously found that bamboo sharks have an advanced ability to recognize categories , such as snails or fish, enabling them to get a treat even if pictures look remarkably similar. This is similar to our ability to look at a goldfish and a salmon and know that they are the same type of thing, even though one is 30 times the size of the other. 84．What can we learn about the sharks in the recent research? A．They are trained to recognize the shapes. B．They are capable of telling more from less. C．They can identify objects due to the rewards. D．They are no better than dogs in telling numbers. 85．What does the underlined word “solitary” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Selfish. B．Lonely. C．Risky. D．Lazy. 86．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To show how sharks learn from each other. B．To explain how sharks and humans are alike. C．To prove that sharks are smarter than they look. D．To present the importance of numbers for sharks. （二十三） （23-24高一上·北京海淀·期末）Sportsmanship is the cornerstone of competitive sports, representing the principles of fair play, respect and honesty. It goes beyond winning and losing, emphasizing the importance of moral behavior, respecting each other, and fellowship. At the heart of sportsmanship lies the concept of fair play. It fosters (培养) a culture of rule-following, fair judgment, and equal opportunities for all participants. Fair play encourages athletes to compete with integrity, showing honesty and accepting the outcomes gracefully. It fosters an environment where cheating, unsportsmanlike and rude behavior are discouraged. By upholding fair play, athletes develop a sense of morality (道德) and a strong character that extends beyond the field of sports. Sportsmanship also includes respect and empathy (共情), creating an environment that encourages understanding and camaraderie. Athletes show respect for opponents, officials, and teammates, recognizing their contributions and valuing their abilities. They appreciate the various backgrounds, skills and perspectives that athletes from different teams bring to the game. Through respect and empathy, sportsmanship bridges gaps, promotes inclusivity and fosters a sense of unity among athletes and fans alike. Sportsmanship is shown by athletes who act as role models, inspiring others with their conduct on and off the field. When athletes display sportsmanship, they send a powerful message to young fans, teaching them the importance of fair play, respect and moral behavior. This positive influence extends to society as a whole, where sportsmanship can shape attitudes, values and behaviors beyond the field of sports. By upholding the principles of sportsmanship, athletes contribute to a healthier, more caring society. Sports organizations, coaches and educators play an important role in promoting sportsmanship. They should foster an environment that encourages fair play, respect and honesty. Emphasizing sportsmanship in training programs and competitions helps athletes develop a strong moral compass,empowering them to make moral choices both in sports and in life. Furthermore, fans and audience should also welcome sportsmanship, creating a positive atmosphere that encourages fair competition and respect for all participants. Sportsmanship is the bedrock of competitive sports, emphasizing the values of fair play and respect. It improves the sporting experience, fosters unity and shapes athletes into responsible and caring individuals. By promoting sportsmanship, we can create a sporting culture where victories are celebrated but fairness, respect and the spirit of the game take center stage. 87．What does the underlined word “camaraderie” mean in Paragraph 3? A．Friendship. B．Leadership. C．Contribution. D．Competition. 88．What are Paragraphs 2 and 3 mainly about? A．How sportsmanship is understood. B．Why sportsmanship is stressed. C．When sportsmanship is shaped. D．Where sportsmanship is treasured. 89．What can be learned from Paragraph 5? A．Athletes should be trained to make moral choices. B．Audience could influence athletes’ performance in sports. C．Promoting sportsmanship requires everyone’s contribution. D．Officials should take a lead in creating a positive atmosphere. 90．What is the best title for this passage? A．Sportsmanship:Advantages of Doing Sports B．Sportsmanship:Spirit of Fair Play and Respect C．Showing Sportsmanship:Qualities of a Good Player D．Teaching Sportsmanship:Values of Honesty and Courage （二十四） （22-23高一下·北京西城·期末）Have you ever wished you could be better organized or more sociable? Perhaps you’re a constant worrier, and you’d prefer to be a little more carefree? Actually at least 2/3 of people would like to change some elements of their personality. In the past, such desires appeared to be fruitless. One’s personality was thought to be formed in childhood and to remain fixed throughout his entire life. Recent research from psychology professor Nathan Hudson and his colleagues, however, challenges this expectation of a fixed personality. With the right psychological strategies and enough effort, they say, many people can successfully shape their desired personality. Their interventions (干预) typically involve recommending regular activities that reflect the personality traits(特征) people wish to adopt. Introverts who wish to be more outgoing, for example, might have the goal of introducing themselves to a stranger once a week, or making small talk with the cashier in the supermarket. Someone who wishes to be more organized and disciplined might be asked to carefully double-check an email before sending it, or to write a to-do list before going to bed. While these tasks may seem insignificant, the aim is for the thinking patterns and behaviors they produce to become habitual. And the evidence so far suggests it works remarkably well. In one 15-week trial of 400 people, participants accepted an average of two challenges each week. After they completed those tasks, their traits shifted in the desired direction, according to a personality questionnaire (调查问卷). The unexpected personality change should be good news for anyone who wishes they were a bit more sociable, organized, or happy-go-lucky. Another potential benefit is that awareness of this research could help improve mental health. People always believe negative feelings are just part of who they are, and there is little they can do to change them. But what if educating people about their potential for personality change could place them on a more positive track? To test this idea, Harvard professor of psychology, John Weisz, and his partner selected a group of 100 teenagers who had previously shown signs of anxiety or depression. They took a computerized course that explained the science of brain plasticity(可塑性), and were then given worksheets to strengthen what they had learned. When Weisz checked in on the teens’ mental health nine months later, the students reported a significant decrease in their anxiety and depression compared with those who had instead taken part in a course on “emotional expression”. Whether you are struggling with serious issues or simply want to polish off your rougher edges, remember that character is within your own hands and you have the power to become what you want to be. 91．According to the passage, an old belief about personality is that ________. A．most people are satisfied with their personality B．sociable or organized people are more popular C．childhood has nothing to do with personality D．people can’t change their personality traits 92．In Nathan Hudson’s research, participants ________. A．became more aware of their mental health B．formed new thinking patterns and behaviors C．reported their completed tasks in the questionnaire D．were advised to work as cashiers in the supermarket 93．John Weisz’s study is mentioned to ________ Hudson’s research. A．question the result of B．make a comparison with C．explain the method used in D．show an additional benefit of 94．Which of the following would be the best title for this passage? A．Mental Issues: More than Meets the Eye B．Personality: It Is Not Set in Stone C．Your Personality Shapes Your Future D．A Great Cure for Mental Problems （二十五） （23-24高一上·上海嘉定·期末）People around the world take celebrating seriously, and many of them are willing to go to great effort and expense to plan and participate in public celebrations. Exactly when and where human beings began coming together in public to celebrate as a group can date back to hunter-gatherer societies, when success in the never-ending search for food, clothing, and shelter must have aroused the need to celebrate together. Besides the need for food and survival, there are records of religious parades dating back to 3000 B．C． Parades were also used to demonstrate military power and celebrate military victories; to attract customers to events such as the circus by giving the public a sample of the entertainment; or to celebrate ethnic (民族的) connection and holidays. The New York Times of October 28, 1917, summed it up by saying, “If you take the parades out of history, you have precious little history left.” Of course, many modern celebrations are not connected to any religion. In the Internet era, electronic communication makes it possible to organize celebrations almost instantly. “Flash mobs” are a new way of gathering and celebrating. Secretly planned online, they bring together tens, hundreds, or thousands of individuals to perform some unusual or funny act in a public place. Flash mobs not only reflect the increased speed of communication but also a lighter attitude to celebration. No longer is public celebrating something necessarily linked to human survival, religion, or deep traditions. This does not mean, however, that modern celebrations are not socially conscious. One striking image inspiring community spirit is Edwards’ photograph of crowds in Australia, who were gathering in the rain for a music festival to raise funds for wildfire relief. Throughout history, across countries and cultures, celebrations are always worth significant amount of time and money spent planning, preparing, organizing, and carrying out an event. The priority given to celebrating seems to put it alongside food, shelter, love, and freedom as a basic need of humanity. 95．According to the passage, which one of the following events can make celebrations happen? A．A business has made a huge profit. B．It has been sunny for a week. C．Farmers harvest in the autumn. D．A new museum opens in the city center. 96．What does the underlined sentence (paragraph 3) imply? A．If there is no parade, human history will be more precious. B．Students should be taught the importance of parades in history class. C．Only parades can be recorded in history books. D．Many significant historic moments featured a parade. 97．Which of the following best describes a flash mob? A．Four strangers meet at a concert and then decide to perform together in a public square. B．Someone announces openly a series of performances to take place at school. C．An online group plans and performs a dance in a crowded train station. D．The number of people watching a street performer grows to several hundred. 98．Which of these is the best title for the passage? A．Why We Celebrate? B．Celebration and Social Responsibility C．Planning a Parade D．The Origin of Celebration （二十六） （23-24高一上·上海徐汇·期末）For many years, ships that wanted to travel from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific or from the Pacific to the Atlantic had to sail around South America. The trip took weeks and was very dangerous. To make the route shorter and safter, it was decided to build a canal (运河). Panama was chosen because it is the narrowest country in the Americas. The French started building the canal as early as 1880, but their attempt failed after 21,900 people died of diseases and accidents. The Americans finally completed the project, and the Panama Canal opened in 1914. When the Panama Canal opened in 1914, ships were able to make the trip between oceans in approximately 10 hours. The locks in the canal have been called one of the seven wonders of the modern world. The 48-mile-long Panama Canal was dug through the country of Panama. To pass between oceans, ships must actually go up. In fact, to travel through the canal, ships are raised 85 feet above sea level and then lowered again. A ship enters the canal and sails to the first series of locks. Each lock is a huge compartment(分隔的空间) made of concrete walls and metal doors at each end. When one set of doors opens, the ship enters the lock. The doors close, and water flows into the lock, raising the ship until the water level equals the level in the next lock. At that time, the doors open to allow the ship to move into the next lock. When the doors close, the same process continues to raise the ship again. On either end of the canal, three sets of locks raise and lower ships. After the third lock, the ship enters Gatun Lake, sails about 23 miles, and begins its descent through the series of locks. To lower the ship, the locks work in reverse, allowing water to flow out of the lock until the water level is the same as the next lock. In this way, the ship reaches sea level and moves out into the ocean. Over one million ships have passed through the Panama Canal since it opened. It has proven to be very important to world trade. In 2016, the canal was expanded to allow wider ships to pass through it, proving it will be a vital part of the world for many years to come. 99．Which of the following is the correct order of the events? ① The ship enters a lock. ② Water flows into the lock to raise the water level. ③ The doors close. ④ The doors open and the ship move out. A．④③②① B．③①②④ C．①③②④ D．③②④① 100．We can infer from the article that the Panama Canal ______. A．is the narrowest canal in the world B．was easy to construct C．is an important link in global shipping D．will be closed in the near future 101．Which word in paragraph 4 probably means “a journey downward”? A．reverse B．series C．process D．descent 102．According to the passage, the Panama Canal was built ______. A．to shorten the trip between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans B．to raise and lower the water level in the locks C．so that ships could travel to Panama from other countries D．so that people could enjoy the beautiful view of Gatun Lake （二十七） （23-24高一上·上海虹口·期末）If you’ve ever seen a river rushing down a mountain or played in breaking waves at the beach, you’ll know that moving water contains a lot of energy. A river can push you and your boat downstream, sometimes quickly, and waves crashing into you at the beach can knock you back, or even knock you over. This energy of moving water originates from the water cycle, where water evaporates or is released from plants, rises to higher sea level, cools, and changes into liquid, forming clouds. Rain or snow that falls from these clouds flows downhill due to gravity, forming rivers or melting into existing water paths. Hydropower (水电) uses this energy from flowing water. It uses turbines, which are turned by moving water. These turbines turn around a rotor inside a device called generator, turning the motion into electricity with the help of magnets. There are two primary types of hydropower facilities (设施). The first is called the run-of-the-river facilities, which channel river water through turbines. The electricity production follows the timing of the river flow. When a river is running full with lots of spring rain or meltwater, the turbine can produce more electricity. Later in the summer, when the river flow decreases, so does the turbine’s output. These types of power stations are typically small and easy to build, but there is limited ability to control the amount of electricity they produce. The second type is the dam (大坝)-based facilities. These use a solid dam to hold back the flow of a river and create an artificial lake behind it. The dam operator releases water from his lake, which flows through pipes inside the dam. Turbines within the dam generate electricity as the water passes through them, and then the water flows out the other side. These facilities are usually large and can affect river habitats, but they can also produce a lot of electricity in a controllable manner. Hydropower depends on the availability of water in flowing rivers. As climate change affects the water cycle, some regions may have less rainfall and therefore less hydropower generation. Since hydropower is a form of renewable electricity, it can play a role in limiting climate change. Hydropower facilities can also help avoid any imbalance in electricity production from wind farms and solar power plants. 103．The underlined word “evaporate” in paragraph 2 can be replaced by “________” A．form a circle B．turn into a gas C．fall to the ground D．change into liquid 104．According to paragraph 3, which of the following words best fits the box with “?” in the picture of a hydropower setup? A．turbine B．magnet C．pipe D．rotor 105．What can we learn about the two basic types of hydropower facilities mentioned in the passage? A．Only dam-based facilities use water to generate electricity and they are easy to construct. B．Electricity production by the run-of-the-river facilities doesn’t vary with river flow. C．Dam-based facilities provide a more considerable and adjustable electricity supply. D．Run-of-the-river facilities have a larger impact on river habitats than dam-based facilities. 106．What is the author’s attitude towards hydropower? A．Optimistic B．Critical C．Doubtful D．Indifferent 试卷第1页，共3页 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题05 阅读理解之说明文 （一） （23-24高一上·江苏常州·期末）Ridley Scott’s famous war film “Napoleon (拿破仑)” is a series of successful battles looking for a better movie to connect them. Once again, Scott’s craftsmanship (技艺) is on show here, but it’s in service of a deeply shallow screenplay. A great actor is reduced to a ghostly presence in the middle of the movie, and his partner, the character who needs to give the film a beating heart, comes off as flat and hollow. One of the problems is that the film script tries to put a lot of life into the running time of a single film. Naturally, it opens during the French Revolution, as Napoleon climbs up the political ladder of France with his war talents above all else. Another part of the problem is that Kirby, the leading actress never really understands what to play with Josephine, a mysterious celebrity (名人) who becomes too much of a mirror for Napoleon. She couldn’t give Napoleon a son, which resulted in their break-up. Was Napoleon the kind of world leader whose own unsafety resulted in killings we have seen in history? That’s here in a few places, but Scott is uninterested in making any sort of statement about Napoleon or men like him. A very just-the-facts approach of “Napoleon” is incredibly disappointing for a filmmaker who usually finds so much depth in the stories he tells. Worst of all, by the time “Napoleon” gets to Waterloo, we don’t know much more about the main character than we did when we came in. That’s a problem. Having said that, the wonderful war scenes in “Napoleon” may be enough to prove its existence for fans of historical war films. Whether its bloodied bodies breaking through ice or waves of soldiers rushing into battle, “Napoleon” has some fantastic battle scenes. Maybe the point is that Napoleon Bonaparte was only truly alive when surrounded by so much death. 1．How do you understand the underlined word “hollow” in Paragraph 1? A．Solid. B．Deep. C．Empty. D．Smooth. 2．What can we infer from Paragraph 2 to 4? A．The film successfully covers Napoleon’s whole life. B．Kirby has a good understanding of how to play Josephine. C．People couldn’t know Napoleon better through this film. D．There are some outstanding features of “Napoleon”. 3．What does Paragraph 5 mainly talk about? A．The successful battle scenes in “Napoleon”. B．The achievements of Napoleon Bonaparte. C．The wars Napoleon Bonaparte fighting in. D．The reason for Napoleon Bonaparte’s aliveness. 4．What type of writing is this text? A．A news report. B．A film review. C．A historical document. D．A science fiction. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了Ridley Scott的电影《拿破仑》所存在的一些问题。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段“A great actor is reduced to a ghostly presence in the middle of the movie, and his partner, the character who needs to give the film a beating heart, comes off as flat and hollow.(一个伟大的演员在电影中间变成了幽灵般的存在，而他的搭档，那个需要给电影注入活力的角色，却表现得平淡无奇和hollow)”可知，电影中演员的表现不尽如人意，那个需要给给电影注入活力的角色显得平淡而空洞，推测划线词hollow的意思是“空洞的，空的”，和empty意思相近，故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段“Worst of all, by the time “Napoleon” gets to Waterloo, we don’t know much more about the main character than we did when we came in. That’s a problem.(最糟糕的是，当“拿破仑”到达滑铁卢时，我们对主角的了解并不比我们刚进来时多多少。这是个问题)”可知，人们看完电影后，对拿破仑的了解没有增加多少，即人们不能通过这部电影更好地了解拿破仑，故选C。 3．主旨大意题。根据第五段“Having said that, the wonderful war scenes in “Napoleon” may be enough to prove its existence for fans of historical war films. Whether its bloodied bodies breaking through ice or waves of soldiers rushing into battle, “Napoleon” has some fantastic battle scenes.(话虽如此，《拿破仑》中精彩的战争场面可能足以证明它的存在，对于历史战争片的粉丝来说。无论是破冰的血淋淋的尸体，还是冲进战场的士兵，《拿破仑》都有一些奇妙的战斗场景)”可知，第五段主要讲的是《拿破仑》中成功的战斗场面。故选A。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Ridley Scott’s famous war film “Napoleon (拿破仑)” is a series of successful battles looking for a better movie to connect them.(Ridley Scott的著名战争片《拿破仑》讲述了一系列成功的战役，寻找一部更好的电影来连接它们)”可知，本文主要介绍的是《拿破仑》这部电影所存在的一些问题，因此这篇文章是影评，即a film review。故选B。 （二） （23-24高一上·江苏南通·期末）Fidget toys have been going viral recently, arousing safety concerns among parents and the whole society. To better protect the physical and mental health of young students, the Ministry of Education recently issued a notice, aiming to prevent fidget toys from presenting a risk to the health of the younger generations. Fidget toys include inhaler nasal sticks and radish knives, which are popular as stress-relievers among students. The “Energy Stick,” or inhaler nasal stick, has been selling well online recently on platforms such as Taobao. Some online shops have already sold nearly 100,000 sticks, whose prices range from 6 yuan to approximately 128 yuan. The product contains watermelon, tea and orange flavors and even alcohol to attract more customers. The online store salesperson responded by stating that the main ingredients of the product are camphor and mint (薄荷), which do not contain any addictive properties. Meanwhile, Zhao Ting, a medical expert, told the Global Times that some children are likely to get addicted to the “Energy Stick.” The colorful plastic toy knife, a radish knife, nicknamed “Carrot Knife,” has also skyrocketed an astonishing selling online. “After her classmate had bought a Carrot Knife and said it was a fun toy to use, my daughter also bought one, which makes me anxious.” Julian, a father from Beijing told the Global Times on Saturday. Some of radish knives are so small that they can be gripped in the palm of a child’s hand while others are as long as one meter. There are various ways of playing with the radish knife, with some mimic (模拟) attack at friends as part of a game, according to media reports. Experts warned that such toys could encourage violence and cause long-term mental harm to children. To change this situation, the government stressed the importance on maintaining strict management, and stopping harmful toys into campus. Schools should organize safety promotion activities to teach students to correctly identify and keep away from dangerous and harmful toys. Also, parents should teach their children to play with toys safely and correctly. 5．Why have fidget toys become popular recently? A．They are beneficial to young students’ well-being. B．They can help to reduce young students’ pressure. C．Young students are allowed to use them at schools. D．Young students can afford them at a suitable price. 6．What may help the “Energy Stick” attract young students? A．Its high value. B．Its plentiful nutrition. C．Its rich contents. D．Its effective sales. 7．What does Julian really want to say about the “Carrot Knife”? A．It brings his daughter a lot of joy. B．It might do harm to his daughter. C．It has no effect on his daughter. D．It helps his daughter realize her dream. 8．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．Different responses made to fidget toys. B．Great importance attached to fidget toys. C．Practical measures dealing with fidget toys. D．Potential dangers brought about by fidget toys. 【答案】5．B 6．C 7．B 8．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了指尖玩具最近变得流行起来，这是因为这种玩具可以帮助减轻年轻学生的压力。但是其中也存在安全隐患。 5．细节理解题。根据第二段“Fidget toys include inhaler nasal sticks and radish knives, which are popular as stress-relievers among students.(指尖玩具包括吸入器鼻棒和萝卜刀，这些都是受学生欢迎的减压工具)”可知，指尖玩具最近变得流行起来因为可以帮助减轻年轻学生的压力。故选B。 6．细节理解题。根据第三段“The product contains watermelon, tea and orange flavors and even alcohol to attract more customers.(为了吸引更多的顾客，该产品含有西瓜、茶和橙子的口味，甚至还有酒精)”可知，口味丰富可以帮助“能量棒”吸引年轻学生。故选C。 7．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段““After her classmate had bought a Carrot Knife and said it was a fun toy to use, my daughter also bought one, which makes me anxious.” Julian, a father from Beijing told the Global Times on Saturday. Some of radish knives are so small that they can be gripped in the palm of a child’s hand while others are as long as one meter. There are various ways of playing with the radish knife, with some mimic (模拟) attack at friends as part of a game, according to media reports.(“她的同学买了一把胡萝卜刀，说这是一个有趣的玩具，我女儿也买了一把，这让我很焦虑。”周六，来自北京的一位父亲朱利安告诉《环球时报》。一些萝卜刀非常小，可以用孩子的手掌抓住，而另一些则长达一米。据媒体报道，这把萝卜刀有各种各样的玩法，有些人还会模仿攻击朋友作为游戏的一部分)”可知，朱利安认为“胡萝卜刀”可能会伤害他的女儿。故选B。 8．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Experts warned that such toys could encourage violence and cause long-term mental harm to children. To change this situation, the government stressed the importance on maintaining strict management, and stopping harmful toys into campus. Schools should organize safety promotion activities to teach students to correctly identify and keep away from dangerous and harmful toys. Also, parents should teach their children to play with toys safely and correctly.(专家警告说，这些玩具可能会鼓励暴力，并对儿童造成长期的精神伤害。为了改变这种情况，政府强调了保持严格管理的重要性，并阻止有害玩具进入校园。学校应组织安全宣传活动，教导学生正确识别和远离危险有害玩具。此外，父母应该教孩子安全、正确地玩玩具)”可知，最后一段主要讲处理指尖玩具的实际措施。故选C。 （三） （23-24高一上·江苏扬州·期末）The brain might be the place where memories are stored, and its health and efficiency depend a lot on the general health of the body. Put simply, what’s good for the body is good for the brain. Regular physical exercise doesn’t just build muscles and keep weight in check. It also protects memory and thinking skills. Research at the University of British Columbia found that regular aerobic exercise, the kind that increases your heart rate, also increases the size of the brain’s hippocampus (海马体). And a University of Maryland study found that memory improved in older adults after a 12-week exercise program. If you’re not into running or even fast walking, how about dancing? It turns out that taking a dance class may be one of the best activities you can do for your brain. A research team at the Albert Einstein School of Medicine looked at the effects of physical activity on preventing memory loss, and found that ballroom dancing was particularly effective, leading to enhancements in memory, attention and focus. “Dancing combines physical activity, learning something new, and social engagement,” says Dr. Salinas, a neurologist at NYU Langone Health. “The more of these factors an activity has, the better off you will be.” Sleep is also important for memory formation, especially long-term memory formation. When you’re asleep, the brain runs the tape of what it recorded during the day, gets rid of information that isn’t relevant and then stores other information for the long term. Besides, doing those mentally engaging activities, such as playing crossword puzzles, can also help keep our minds active. Learning a new language is often regarded as an ideal activity for brain health. “Doing something new and challenging contributes to forming new pathways in the brain, helping information go from one part of the brain to another,” says Dr. Salinas. While genetics (基因学) and family history play some roles in the risk of memory problems, so do plenty of other factors. Addressing any of these may make your memory sharper. 9．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? (①—Paragraph 1; ②—Paragraph 2; ③—Paragraph 3; ④—Paragraph 4; ⑤—Paragraph 5; ⑥—paragraph 6; ⑦—Paragraph 7) A． B． C． D． 10．What does the underlined word “enhancements” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Improvements. B．Effects. C．Troubles. D．Skills. 11．Why does the author mention Dr. Salinas’ words in Paragraph 4? A．To explain why dancing is one of the best activities for brain. B．To show which activity is likely to bring us the most benefits. C．To suggest that we should dance instead of doing other exercise. D．To conclude that the more activities we do, the healthier we will be. 12．Why is learning a new language regarded as an ideal activity for brain health? A．Because it helps store information. B．Because it is not very challenging. C．Because it makes use of pathways. D．Because it keeps our minds active. 【答案】9．C 10．A 11．A 12．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了对大脑有好处的一些活动。 9．推理判断题。根据全文内容，第一段中“Put simply, what’s good for the body is good for the brain.(简而言之，对身体有益的东西对大脑也有益)”提出文章主题，第二、三和四段都是描述体育锻炼对大脑的好处，第二段中“Regular physical exercise doesn’t just build muscles and keep weight in check.(定期的体育锻炼不仅仅是锻炼肌肉和控制体重)”为主旨句，第三段和第四段以跳舞举例说明，根据第五段中“Sleep is also important for memory formation, especially long-term memory formation.(睡眠对记忆的形成也很重要，尤其是长期记忆的形成)”可知，该段是讲述睡眠对大脑的好处，根据第六段中“Besides, doing those mentally engaging activities, such as playing crossword puzzles, can also help keep our minds active.(此外，做一些脑力活动，比如玩填字游戏，也可以帮助我们保持思维活跃)”可知，该段是讲述做一些脑力活动对大脑的好处，最后一段总结全文，故本文正确的结构是C项。故选C。 10．词句猜测题。根据划线词前“A research team at the Albert Einstein School of Medicine looked at the effects of physical activity on preventing memory loss, and found that ballroom dancing was particularly effective(阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦医学院的一个研究小组研究了体育活动对预防记忆丧失的影响，发现交际舞特别有效)”可知，交际舞对于预防记忆丧失有效，由此推知此处指“可以增强记忆力、注意力和专注力”，enhancements意为“增强，提高”，故选A。 11．推理判断题。第三段中“It turns out that taking a dance class may be one of the best activities you can do for your brain.(事实证明，参加舞蹈课可能是你能做的对大脑最好的活动之一)”提到，跳舞对大脑有好处，根据第四段“‘Dancing combines physical activity, learning something new, and social engagement,’ says Dr. Salinas, a neurologist at NYU Langone Health. ‘The more of these factors an activity has, the better off you will be.’(‘跳舞结合了身体活动、学习新事物和社会参与，’纽约大学朗格尼健康中心的神经学家Salinas博士说。‘一项活动包含的这些因素越多，你就会越好。’)”可知，作者提及Salinas说的话是为了解释跳舞对大脑有好处的原因，故选A。 12．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Besides, doing those mentally engaging activities, such as playing crossword puzzles, can also help keep our minds active. Learning a new language is often regarded as an ideal activity for brain health.(此外，做一些脑力活动，比如玩填字游戏，也可以帮助我们保持思维活跃。学习一门新语言通常被认为是有益于大脑健康的理想活动)”可知，学习一门新语言被认为是有益于大脑健康的理想活动，是因为它让我们的思维保持活跃，故选D。 （四） （23-24高一上·江苏连云港·期末）Our future selves used to be a riddle. Now, thanks to social media filters (滤镜), we can stare them right in the face. People fell in love with TikTok this month to share themselves “aging” in real time using a filter “time travel”. Set to a sad song, the effect shows the user’s face slowly getting older, complete with wrinkles (皱纹) and sunspots. Camera filters that age you have been around for years. But advancements in AI are making the results more real. Doctor Aleksandra Brown said the TikTok time travel filter does well in guessing how a given face would age. As we get older, our facial skin thins, fat dissolves (溶解) and gravity pulls everything downward. Not everyone is pleased about this. One of Brown’s friends didn’t like watching time fly past. She couldn’t stand watching herself age 50 years in 15 seconds-could life really go by that fast? Brown cried herself after using the aging effect on her own young daughter. She won’t live to see her daughter get that old, she pointed out. For other people, the time travel filter brought up unexpected positive feelings. Actor Jonathan Bennett shared a video saying his own filtered face recalled happy memories of his late father. Nicole Loehle, a 24-year-old in New Jersey, tested the effect with her boyfriend. It gave her a new viewpoint, she said, she could imagine the relationship lasting into their old age. There’s no correct way to age. But it’s important to remember that no one can stop time or undo its effects. “I keep trying to view aging as a gift.” Brown said, “Some people don’t get to age, unfortunately?” 13．What can people do with the filter “time travel”? A．Find their partners. B．See their aging faces. C．Experience others’ lives. D．Guess their future success. 14．What are Paragraph 3 and Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．Reminders of the good old days. B．Reasons for using the aging effect. C．Reflections on close personal relationships. D．Responses to the aging effect of “time travel”. 15．Which of the following would Brown probably agree with? A．It’s good to watch time fly past. B．The “time travel” needs advancements. C．Not everyone is fortunate enough to get old. D．TickTok invented the first app with aging effect. 16．What can be the best title for the text? A．TikTok’s “time travel”: slowly or quickly B．TikTok’s “time travel”: backward or forward C．TikTok’s “time travel”: to enjoy or to suffer D．TikTok’s “time travel”: to develop or to drop 【答案】13．B 14．D 15．C 16．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是通过TikTok 的“时间旅行”滤镜会显示出人变老的过程，而“时间旅行”滤镜给人们带来的感受各不相同。 13．细节理解题。根据首段中的“People fell in love with TikTok this month to share themselves “aging” in real time using a filter “time travel”. Set to a sad song, the effect shows the user’s face slowly getting older, complete with wrinkles (皱纹) and sunspots.(本月，人们爱上了TikTok，通过“时间旅行”滤镜实时分享自己的“衰老”。配上悲伤的歌曲，效果会显示使用者的脸慢慢变老，布满皱纹和太阳黑子)”可知，“时间旅行”滤镜能实时分享人们“衰老”的过程，使用者能看到脸部面面变老，由此可知，“时间旅行”滤镜能使人们看到他们衰老的过程。故选B项。 14．主旨大意题。根据第三段中的“Not everyone is pleased about this. One of Brown’s friends didn’t like watching time fly past.(并非所有人都对此感到高兴。布朗的一个朋友不喜欢看着时间飞逝)”可知，并不是所有的人都希望看到时间飞逝，并列举了Brown的一个朋友对时间飞逝的态度，结合第四段中的“For other people, the time travel filter brought up unexpected positive feelings.(对其他人来说，时间旅行滤镜带来了意想不到的积极感受)”可知，时间旅行滤镜会给其他人带来一些积极的感受，进而列举了演员Jonathan Bennett和Nicole Loehle对“时间旅行”滤镜带来的积极感受，由此可知，第三段和第四段主要介绍的是对“时间旅行”衰老效应的不同反应。故选D项。 15．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“She couldn’t stand watching herself age 50 years in 15 seconds-could life really go by that fast? Brown cried herself after using the aging effect on her own young daughter. She won’t live to see her daughter get that old, she pointed out.(她无法忍受看着自己在15秒内变老50岁——生活真的过得那么快吗? Brown在自己的小女儿身上使用了抗衰老效果后，自己都哭了。她指出，她不会活着看到女儿那么老)”可知，Brown无法忍受看着自己变老，她认为自己不会活着看到女儿变得那么老，由此可知，Brown认为不是每一个人都那么幸运地活到变老。故选C项。 16．主旨大意题。根据首段中的“People fell in love with TikTok this month to share themselves “aging” in real time using a filter “time travel”. Set to a sad song, the effect shows the user’s face slowly getting older, complete with wrinkles (皱纹) and sunspots. (本月，人们爱上了TikTok，通过“时间旅行”滤镜实时分享自己的“衰老”。配上悲伤的歌曲，效果会显示使用者的脸慢慢变老，布满皱纹和太阳黑子)”可知，当前人们喜欢上了TikTok上的“时间旅行”滤镜，它能是人们分享自己“衰老”的过程，看到自己的连载慢慢变老，结合下文中介绍的不同人对“时间旅行”衰老效应的不同反应可知，本文主要介绍的是人们对TikTok上的“时间旅行”衰老效应的不同反应，所以题目“TikTok的“时间旅行”：享受还是受苦”与本段的内容吻合，且概括了本文的主题，适合作为最佳标题。故选C项。 （五） （23-24高一上·江苏扬州·期末）In 2019, Air Company gained public attention when it produced vodka (伏特加) from carbon in the air, in order to reduce the amount of the harmful greenhouse gas in the atmosphere. Today, the company has begun using the same process to make fuel (燃料) for airplanes. Air Company’s clean aircraft fuel, which was recently tested, could some day help the airline industry achieve its goal of net zero carbon emissions (排放) by 2050. Currently, the airline industry accounts for about 3% of total global carbon emissions each year, and mainly uses traditional, fossil-based fuels. A number of producers of clean aircraft fuel have come out in recent years, many of whom use something like plant material and cooking oil. But Air Company’s production process starts by pulling harmful carbon emissions out of the air. The company first harvests carbon, mostly from industrial settings. It then takes water, separates the hydrogen from the oxygen, and puts the carbon together with the hydrogen and other mixtures. After that, it distills (蒸馏) that solution down. The final products are ethyl alcohol (乙醇) to make the company’s vodka and other products such as perfume, as well as paraffin, which forms the basis of its aircraft fuel. By the time a plane has flown using Air Company’s fuel, it will have given off the same amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) back into the atmosphere as was acquired to make the fuel. “Already, some of the world’s biggest airlines are supporting Air Company’s dream. They have agreed to buy millions of gallons of its fuel in the coming years.” The company manager says, “However, to get to those large industrial markets like aircraft fuel, traditionally known as the hottest industry to get green, is a long way to go. It’s going to take time, money and effort.” 17．What can we learn from the first two paragraphs? A．Air Company is famous for producing vodka. B．Air Company no longer uses traditional fuels. C．Air Company’s fuel is likely to be environmentally friendly. D．Air Company accounts for 3% of total global carbon emissions. 18．What does the underlined part “that solution” refer to in Paragraph 4? A．Ethyl alcohol forming the aircraft fuel. B．Hydrogen that is separated from water. C．Oxygen, hydrogen, carbon and ethyl alcohol. D．Mix of carbon, hydrogen and other mixtures. 19．What can be inferred from the manager’s words in the last paragraph? A．Major Airlines have already put Air Company’s fuel into use. B．It takes time for Air Company’s fuel to be used on regular flights. C．The fuel produced by Air Company is sure to be very expensive. D．Air company alone will be able to occupy the aircraft fuel markets. 20．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．Air Company: Make Air Travel Green B．Air Company’s Carbon Production Dream C．Air Company’s Environmental Supporters D．Air Company: Make Traditional Fuels Available 【答案】17．C 18．D 19．B 20．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Air Company生产的清洁飞机燃料。 17．细节理解题。根据第一段中“In 2019, Air Company gained public attention when it produced vodka (伏特加) from carbon in the air, in order to reduce the amount of the harmful greenhouse gas in the atmosphere. Today, the company has begun using the same process to make fuel (燃料) for airplanes.(2019年，为了减少大气中有害温室气体的含量，Air Company利用空气中的碳生产伏特加，引起了公众的关注。今天，该公司已经开始使用相同的工艺来制造飞机燃料)”和第二段中“Air Company’s clean aircraft fuel, which was recently tested, could some day help the airline industry achieve its goal of net zero carbon emissions (排放) by 2050.(Air Company的清洁飞机燃料最近经过测试，有朝一日可能帮助航空业实现到2050年实现净零碳排放的目标)”可知，Air Company使用空气中的碳生产飞机燃料，该燃料经过测试，有朝一日可能帮助航空业实现到2050年实现净零碳排放的目标。由此可知，Air Company的燃料很可能是环保的。故选C。 18．词句猜测题。根据第四段中“It then takes water, separates the hydrogen from the oxygen, and puts the carbon together with the hydrogen and other mixtures. After that, it distills (蒸馏) that solution down. (然后它吸收水，将氢和氧分离，将碳和氢以及其他混合物放在一起。之后，它将该溶液蒸馏出来)”可知，“溶液”指的是上文提到的“碳和氢以及其他混合物的混合溶液”。故选D。 19．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“However, to get to those large industrial markets like aircraft fuel, traditionally known as the hottest industry to get green, is a long way to go. It’s going to take time, money and effort.(然而，要进入像飞机燃料这样的大型工业市场，传统上被认为是最热门的绿色工业，还有很长的路要走。这需要时间、金钱和努力)”可推知，Air Company生产的燃料被运用于常规的航班还需要时间，故选B。 20．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第二段中“Air Company’s clean aircraft fuel, which was recently tested, could some day help the airline industry achieve its goal of net zero carbon emissions (排放) by 2050.(Air Company的清洁飞机燃料最近经过测试，有朝一日可能帮助航空业实现到2050年实现净零碳排放的目标)”可知，文章主要介绍了Air Company生产的清洁飞机燃料。由此可知，A项“Air Company：使航空旅行变得环保”为最佳标题。故选A。 （六） （23-24高一上·江苏盐城·期末）There are lots of scholarship programs in the United States, but Hope Chicago is raising standards. Through the help of funding (资助) partners, they’ve been able to raise $40 million that will go toward paying the tuition (学费), room, board, and books for thousands of students in Chicago. How are these students chosen? All they have to do is go to one of the five Chicago Public Schools (CPS) that are partnered with the organization. That’s right-every single student who attends one of these five schools is able to go to one of 20 partnering colleges or trade schools at no cost, including the University of Illinois. To help encourage students to follow through with their education, each child that joins a full-time program may have one parent continue their education for free as well. The first announcement was at Benito Juarez High School. The students were so surprised by the news that they went almost totally silent and the head teacher, Juan Carlos Ocon, had to repeat what he said. Upon hearing the news for the second time, a celebration began. “That’s when the hall of more than 500 students and parents was filled with energy, hopes and dreams,” Juan said. “You could see the tears in the eyes of our students and parents.” Each person taking part in Hope Chicago is driven by their wish to “reduce economic and social inequality,” said Pete Kaden’s, one of Hope Chicago’s founders. Hope Chicago hopes to become one of many life-changing organizations to make getting an education easier. In the next ten years, they aim to spend $1bilion to send tens of thousands of students and family members to colleges or trade schools. “A scholarship program of this size has never been done before, but we are focusing on Chicago’s families most in need,” Pete said. “With that in mind, our goal is to see Hope Chicago positively influence the further education system and serve as a model for the nation.” 21．Who can get scholarships from Hope Chicago? A．Students, suffering from diseases. B．Students learning in certain schools. C．Students graduating with honors. D．Students from single-parent homes. 22．How did the students feel after Juan repeated his words? A．Terribly bored. B．Unbearably sad. C．Completely calm. D．Extremely happy. 23．What is Pete’s attitude toward Hope Chicago? A．Thankful. B．Uncaring. C．Hopeful. D．Unclear. 24．What is a suitable title for the text? A．These students just got life-changing news. B．These scholarship programs meant so much. C．Parents play a big role in educating children. D．Social inequality exists in modern education. 【答案】21．B 22．D 23．C 24．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了Hope Chicago奖学金项目正在提高标准，该项目将为在五所芝加哥公立学校（CPS）中的一所就读的学生提供奖学金。在资金合作伙伴的帮助下，他们已经筹集了4000万美元，用于支付芝加哥数千名学生的学费、食宿和书本费。 21．细节理解题。根据第二段“How are these students chosen? All they have to do is go to one of the five Chicago Public Schools (CPS) that are partnered with the organization.(这些学生是如何挑选出来的？他们所要做的就是去与该组织合作的五所芝加哥公立学校（CPS）中的一所)”可知，在某些学校学习的学生能获得Hope Chicago的奖学金。故选B。 22．推理判断题。根据倒数第五段“Upon hearing the news for the second time, a celebration began.(当第二次听到这个消息时，庆祝开始了)”和倒数第四段““That’s when the hall of more than 500 students and parents was filled with energy, hopes and dreams,” Juan said. “You could see the tears in the eyes of our students and parents.”(胡安说：“那时，大厅里的500多名学生和家长充满了活力、希望和梦想。你可以看到我们的学生和家长眼中的泪水。”)”推知，胡安重复了他的话后，学生们感到非常高兴。故选D。 23．推理判断题。根据最后一段““A scholarship program of this size has never been done before, but we are focusing on Chicago s families most in need,” Pete said. “With that in mind, our goal is to see Hope Chicago positively influence the further education system and serve as a model for the nation.”(皮特说：“以前从未有过如此规模的奖学金项目，但我们的重点是芝加哥最需要帮助的家庭。考虑到这一点，我们的目标是看到Hope Chicago对继续教育系统产生积极影响，并成为全国的典范。”)”可推知，皮特对Hope Chicago的态度是充满希望的。故选C。 24．主旨大意题。根据第一段“There are lots of scholarship programs in the United States, but Hope Chicago is raising standards.(美国有很多奖学金项目，但Hope Chicago正在提高标准)”以及第五段“The first announcement was at Benito Juarez High School. The students were so surprised by the news that they went almost totally silent and the head teacher, Juan Carlos Ocon, had to repeat what he said. (第一次宣布是在贝尼托华雷斯高中。听到这个消息，学生们非常惊讶，他们几乎完全沉默了，校长胡安·卡洛斯·奥康不得不重复他说过的话)”结合文章主要说明了Hope Chicago奖学金项目正在提高标准，该项目将为在五所芝加哥公立学校（CPS）中的一所就读的学生提供奖学金。在资金合作伙伴的帮助下，他们已经筹集了4000万美元，用于支付芝加哥数千名学生的学费、食宿和书本费。可知，A选项“这些学生刚刚得到了改变他们一生的消息”最符合文章标题。故选A。 （七） （23-24高一上·江苏南通·期末）A hollow (空洞) halfway up a tree might seem like a strange place to look for a water-loving animal, but the results of a new survey have showed that common toads (蟾蜍) in the U. K. are skillful tree climbers. The surprising discovery was made by researchers from the University of Cambridge, working with Froglife, a charity devoted to amphibians(animals such as frogs and toads that divide their time between being on land and in water). The team looked at reports from volunteers who were studying special nest boxes as part of the National Dormouse (睡鼠) Monitoring Program and the Bat Tree habitat Key project. “We couldn’t believe what we found,” said Nida Alfulaij, a scientist who supported the work. “We’re used to discovering woodland birds and other small mammals in nest boxes, but we hadn’t considered finding amphibians in them.” More than 50 common toads were found in very unexpected places: in parts of trees that are usually used by bats, in nest boxes designed for dormice, and even in old birds’ nests. That’s such a surprisingly high number that the researchers think tree-climbing must be a common toad habit—it’s just never been noticed before. The researchers say this shows how sharing data between surveys with different aims can lead to new discoveries—even about species that experts believe they know well. Through the discoveries the researchers also have a clear understanding of how important tree hollows, cracks and holes are to all sorts of animals. It’s still unclear how easy the toads find it to climb—they were spotted up to 3 meters high in trees but this was as far up as the volunteers were looking, so they could be going even higher. Why do the kind of toads climb the trees? The researchers have some guesses, such as looking for food, hiding from hunters or avoiding pests such as the toad fly. It is still a puzzle. 25．What do we know about the new study? A．It relied on the early studies of the team. B．It came as no surprise to the researchers. C．It resulted from the data of other surveys. D．It proves what experts have known before. 26．Which of the following statements about toads is TRUE? A．Trees are believed to be toads’ best place to live in. B．They climb trees to keep bats and dormice company. C．The proper number of toads living together is 50 or so. D．The toads may have formed the habit of climbing before. 27．What may the team research about common toads in the future? A．Other living habits. B．The reasons for climbing. C．The ways to avoid pests. D．More examples of the finding. 28．Where may be the passage taken from? A．A science journal about biology. B．A paper about the habitats of birds. C．A fiction about amphibians animals. D．A course about the significance of trees. 【答案】25．C 26．D 27．B 28．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的调查结果，该结果表明英国普通的蟾蜍是熟练的爬树者。 25．细节理解题。由文章第二段中“The team looked at reports from volunteers who were studying special nest boxes as part of the National Dormouse Monitoring Program and the Bat Tree habitat Key project. (研究小组查看了志愿者的报告，这些志愿者正在研究特殊的巢箱，巢箱是国家睡鼠监测计划和蝙蝠树栖息地重点项目的一部分。)”和第三段中“The researchers say this shows how sharing data between surveys with different aims can lead to new discoveries—even about species that experts believe they know well. (研究人员说，这表明在不同目的的调查之间共享数据可以带来新的发现——甚至是专家们认为他们很了解的物种。)”可知，这项新研究来自其它调查的数据。故选C。 26．细节理解题。由文章第二段中“That’s such a surprisingly high number that the researchers think tree-climbing must be a common toad habit—it’s just never been noticed before. (这是如此惊人的高，以至于研究人员认为爬树一定是蟾蜍的一种常见习惯——只是以前从未被注意到。)”可知，蟾蜍以前可能养成了攀爬的习惯。故选D。 27．推理判断题。由文章最后一段“Why do the kind of toads climb the trees? The researchers have some guesses, such as looking for food, hiding from hunters or avoiding pests such as the toad fly. It is still a puzzle. (为什么这种蟾蜍会爬树？研究人员有一些猜测，比如寻找食物，躲避猎人或躲避蟾蜍蝇等害虫。这仍然是一个谜。)”可知，该团队未来可能会研究蟾蜍攀爬的原因。故选B。 28．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段中“but the results of a new survey have showed that common toads in the U. K. are skillful tree climbers (但一项新的调查结果表明，英国的蟾蜍是熟练的爬树者)”可知，文章主要介绍了一项新的调查结果，该结果表明英国的蟾蜍是熟练的爬树者，所以文章有可能来自于一本关于生物学的科学期刊。故选A。 （八） （23-24高一上·江苏镇江·期末）Mammoth Cave National Park, in the state of Kentucky, is a unique and historical natural wonder. It has the world’s longest cave system. There may be another 600 miles of cave passageways that have yet to be explored. In addition, more than 200 caves that are disconnected from the larger system can be found in the park. The underground caves were created naturally by the process of limestone (石灰岩) erosion. Rain and rivers slowly dissolve (溶解) and shape soft limestone. The system is still being shaped today. Not only are they an amazing destination to visit, but the system also provides drinking water for about 40% of the US population. The caves’ first explorers were Native Americans, who mined (采矿) the upper levels of Mammoth Cave. Later, the sites were left in great shape and began to draw public interest. Mammoth Cave was made into a national park thanks to strong support. Back in the 1920s, the Southern Appalachian National Park Commission was set up in 1925. After years of work, as well as building roads and public facilities, the park was completed on July 1, 1941. The park now receives around 2 million visitors a year, with about a quarter taking a tour of the caves—everything from a cultural tour to the more adventurous tours on offer. The cave supports more than 130 wildlife species (物种). The park is also much more than just a cave; the forest around has a diverse (多种多样的) range of species. There are miles of trails open for horseback riding, with canoe trails and great fishing spots. There are also more than 1,300 flowering species in the forest, and animals like wood warblers, thrushes, and bald eagles can regularly be seen. 29．What can we learn about Mammoth Cave from the first two paragraphs? A．It was made by ancient people. B．It has the length of 600 miles. C．It is made up of 200 connected caves. D．It has a large underground system. 30．How do the caves form? A．Explorers mine the upper levels. B．The government searches for drinkable water. C．Water dissolves limestone. D．People build roads and public facilities. 31．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．More than 1,300 flowers grow in the caves. B．The park offers visitors diverse experiences. C．Most visitors come to the park just for caves. D．Two million people have visited the park till now. 32．What is the best title for the text? A．Planning cave tours around the world B．Exploring the world’s longest cave system C．Learning about the explorers of Mammoth Cave D．Predicting the future of Mammoth Cave National Park 【答案】29．D 30．C 31．B 32．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了肯塔基州的一个洞穴公园的具体情况。 29．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Mammoth Cave National Park, in the state of Kentucky, is a unique and historical natural wonder. It has the world’s longest cave system.(位于肯塔基州的猛犸洞国家公园是一个独特的历史自然奇观。它拥有世界上最长的洞穴系统。)”和第二段中“The underground caves were created naturally by the process of limestone (石灰岩) erosion.(地下洞穴是由石灰石侵蚀过程自然形成的)”可知，猛犸洞有一个庞大的地下系统。故选D项。 30．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The underground caves were created naturally by the process of limestone (石灰岩) erosion. Rain and rivers slowly dissolve (溶解) and shape soft limestone. The system is still being shaped today.(地下洞穴是由石灰石侵蚀过程自然形成的。雨水和河流慢慢溶解，形成柔软的石灰岩。今天，这一体系仍在塑造之中)”可知，洞穴是通过水溶解石灰岩形成的。故选C项。 31．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The park now receives around 2 million visitors a year, with about a quarter taking a tour of the caves—everything from a cultural tour to the more adventurous tours on offer. The cave supports more than 130 wildlife species (物种). The park is also much more than just a cave; the forest around has a diverse (多种多样的) range of species. There are miles of trails open for horseback riding, with canoe trails and great fishing spots. There are also more than 1,300 flowering species in the forest, and animals like wood warblers, thrushes, and bald eagles can regularly be seen.(现在，该公园每年接待约200万游客，其中约四分之一的人会参观洞穴——从文化之旅到更冒险的旅行都有。洞穴里生活着130多种野生动物。这个公园也不仅仅是一个洞穴；周围的森林里有各种各样的物种。这里有数英里的小径可供骑马，还有独木舟小径和绝佳的钓鱼点。森林里还有1300多种开花物种，经常可以看到林莺、画眉和秃鹰等动物)”可知，从最后一段我们能了解到，公园为游客提供了多样化的体验。故选B项。 32．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段“Mammoth Cave National Park, in the state of Kentucky, is a unique and historical natural wonder. It has the world’s longest cave system. There may be another 600 miles of cave passageways that have yet to be explored. In addition, more than 200 caves that are disconnected from the larger system can be found in the park.(位于肯塔基州的猛犸洞国家公园是一个独特的历史自然奇观。它拥有世界上最长的洞穴系统。可能还有600英里的洞穴通道尚未被探索。此外，在公园里可以找到200多个与大系统分离的洞穴)”可知，猛犸洞国家公园的石灰岩洞穴系统的自然景观的形成过程，以及政府为开发这个国家公园的支持，还有它的特色和历史意义，B项“探索世界上最长的洞穴系统”为最佳题目。故选B项。 （九） （23-24高一上·浙江丽水·期末）A group of researchers has come up with a way to make it easier to drive in the snow: by designing tyres(轮胎)based on polar bear paws. “We had an ongoing project for many years focused on ice,” said Ali Dhinojwala, who took part in the research. “We were looking at the friction(摩擦力)of materials because our national partners need to develop tyres with a strong grip on the road in ice and snow conditions.” The team turned to nature for inspiration, thinking that evolution might have already solved the problem in a way that could be copied with technology. The obvious place to look was polar bears—specifically the tiny bumps(凸块)on the surface of their paw pads—to find out what effect they have on the animals’ ability to move quickly across icy and snowy area. To do this, the team gathered samples(样本)of polar bear paw pads, as well as samples from brown bears and American black bears(two species closely related to polar bears)and sun bears(a distantly related species, typically found in Asia). The team imaged the samples using a scanning electron microscope, produced 3D-printed copies and then tested them in snow in the lab. They found that the tiny structures on the polar bear paw pads were taller, which gave them better friction on the snow, even though polar bears have smaller pads compared to other bears. The team now wants to look into other factors that may have an effect, such as the patterns and shapes of the tiny structures. “If you look at snow tyres you’ll see that they do have some deeper treads(外胎花纹), but this research could also show various ways to design them that could have a larger impact,” said Dhinojwala. 33．What does the underlined word “they” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．Polar bears. B．Tiny bumps. C．Paw pads. D．Snowy roads. 34．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The background of the research. B．The finding of the research. C．The differences of samples in the lab. D．The comparison of different bear pads. 35．What can we infer from Dhinojwala’s words in the last paragraph? A．Different treads might be designed on the snow tyres. B．Snow tyres that have deeper treads can be safe enough. C．The design of snow tyres requires no further improvement. D．The researchers should have turned to other bears for inspiration. 36．Which of the following can be the best title of the passage? A．An easier way to drive in the snow B．An ongoing project focused on ice C．Snow tyres based on polar bear paws D．A new research on polar bear paw pads 【答案】33．B 34．B 35．A 36．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家基于北极熊熊爪的构造设计新型雪地轮胎。 33．词义猜测题。根据第二段“The obvious place to look was polar bears—specifically the tiny bumps(凸块)on the surface of their paw pads—to find out what effect they have on the animals’ ability to move quickly across icy and snowy area.”（最明显的研究对象是北极熊——特别是它们脚掌表面的小凸起——来发现它们对动物在冰雪地区快速移动的能力有什么影响。）可知，它们指的是北极熊脚掌表面的小凸起对于动物在冰雪地区快速移动的能力的影响，推断处they指代的是B项“小凸起”。故选B项。 34．主旨大意题。根据第四段“They found that the tiny structures on the polar bear paw pads were taller, which gave them better friction on the snow, even though polar bears have smaller pads compared to other bears.”（他们发现北极熊脚垫上的微小结构更高，这使得它们在雪地上有更好的摩擦力，尽管北极熊的脚垫比其他熊小。）可知，第四段主要谈到的是研究的发现。故选B项。 35．推理判断题。根据最后一段““If you look at snow tyres you’ll see that they do have some deeper treads(外胎花纹), but this research could also show various ways to design them that could have a larger impact,” said Dhinojwala.”（“如果你看看雪地轮胎，你会发现它们确实有一些更深的胎面，但这项研究也可以展示各种设计方法，这些方法可以产生更大的影响。”）可知，我们可以从最后一段Dhinojwala的话中推断出雪地轮胎可能会设计不同的胎面。故选A项。 36．主旨大意题。根据第一段“A group of researchers has come up with a way to make it easier to drive in the snow: by designing tyres(轮胎)based on polar bear paws.”（一组研究人员提出了一种使在雪地里开车更容易的方法:用北极熊的爪子设计轮胎。）可知，本文主要介绍的是科学家基于北极熊爪设计雪地轮胎，C项“基于北极熊爪的雪地轮胎”符合题意。故选C项。 （十） （23-24高一上·浙江嘉兴·期末）With their beautiful feathers, roosters might be forgiven for secretly taking quick looks in the mirror—especially as research now suggests the birds may be able to recognise themselves. The ability to recognise oneself in the mirror has so far been found in a handful of animals, including elephants, dolphins, and certain fish and birds. Sonja Hillemacher, one of the authors of the study at the University of Bonn, said animals that can recognise themselves in a mirror often seemed to have more advanced cognitive abilities, and that there was a link to social and emotional wisdom, as well as self-awareness. “This ability is a basic aspect of cognition. It is also important for us,” she said. Writing in the journal Plos One, Hillemacher and her colleagues note that roosters tend to call out to their fellow chickens if they see a threat. If a rooster is alone, however, it does not usually raise the alarm as it could draw the enemy’s attention. In the experiment, the team placed a rooster in an indoor space and then placed a mirror, or another rooster, or nothing. The team then showed the image of a flying hawk (鹰) onto the ceiling in the space. The results from 58 roosters found that the birds made far more alarm calls when they could see another rooster nearby, with 1.33 alarm calls per bird on average over three tests, than when alone (0.29 calls on average) or faced with the mirror (0.43 calls on average). In the follow-up experiment, the team found a similar reduction in calls when they placed a second rooster out of sight behind the mirror. The team said the findings suggest the birds did not regard their reflection as another rooster, even when there was also the presence of smell and sound of a second bird, which proves that roosters may recognise themselves in a mirror. 37．What does the new study led by Sonjn Hillemacher show? A．Only a few animals can recognise themselves in a mirror. B．Some animals have cognitive abilities similar to humans. C．Roosters will enjoy their own beauty when looking in a mirror. D．Roosters may have the ability to recognise themselves in a mirror. 38．What is the purpose of paragraph 3? A．To stress the importance of the research. B．To provide the scientific basis for the research. C．To explain reasons for carrying out the research. D．To offer details of the preparation for the research. 39．What do we know about how the experiments were conducted? A．A flying hawk was put in an indoor space. B．A second rooster was placed near a mirror. C．Different conditions were set to test the roosters. D．Separate areas were needed to group the roosters. 40．How did the roosters react in the experiments? A．They made only a bit more alarm calls with a second rooster in sight. B．They made fewer alarm calls when faced with a mirror than when alone. C．They made more than one alarm call in each test with another rooster in sight. D．They made similarly fewer alarm calls when another rooster was hidden nearby. 【答案】37．D 38．B 39．C 40．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了最近的研究表明公鸡具有在镜子里认出自己的能力。文章介绍了研究开展的经过以及研究的结果。 37．细节理解题。根据第一段“With their beautiful feathers, roosters (公鸡) might be forgiven for secretly taking quick looks in the mirror—especially as research now suggests the birds may be able to recognise themselves.(公鸡有着美丽的羽毛，它们偷偷地对着镜子快速地看了一眼，这也许是可以原谅的——尤其是现在的研究表明，这些鸟可能能够认出自己)”以及第二段“Sonja Hillemacher, one of the authors of the study at the University of Bonn, said animals that can recognise themselves in a mirror often seemed to have more advanced cognitive abilities, and that there was a link to social and emotional wisdom, as well as self-awareness.(波恩大学这项研究的作者之一Sonjn Hillemacher说，能够在镜子中认出自己的动物似乎通常具有更高级的认知能力，这与社交和情感智慧以及自我意识有关)”可知，Sonjn Hillemacher领导的这项新研究表明公鸡可能有在镜子里认出自己的能力。故选D。 38．推理判断题。根据第三段“Writing in the journal Plos One, Hillemacher and her colleagues note that roosters tend to call out to their fellow chickens if they see a threat. If a rooster is alone, however, it does not usually raise the alarm as it could draw the enemy’s attention.(希勒马赫和她的同事们在《公共科学图书馆·综合》杂志上撰文指出，公鸡在看到威胁时往往会向同伴大喊大叫。然而，如果一只公鸡独，它通常不会发出警报，因为它可能会引起敌人的注意)”可推知，第3段的目的是为研究提供科学依据。故选B。 39．细节理解题。根据第四段“In the experiment, the team placed a rooster in an indoor space and then placed a mirror, or another rooster, or nothing. The team then showed the image of a flying hawk (鹰) onto the ceiling in the space. (在实验中，研究小组把一只公鸡放在室内，然后放一面镜子，或者另一只公鸡，或者什么都不放。然后，研究小组在空间的天花板上展示了一只飞鹰的图像)”可知，实验设置了不同的条件来测试公鸡。故选C。 40．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The results from 58 roosters found that the birds made far more alarm calls when they could see another rooster nearby, with 1.33 alarm calls per bird on average over three tests, than when alone (0.29 calls on average) or faced with the mirror (0.43 calls on average). In the follow-up experiment, the team found a similar reduction in calls when they placed a second rooster out of sight behind the mirror. (对58只公鸡的研究结果发现，当它们看到附近有另一只公鸡时，它们发出的警报声要多得多，在三次测试中，比起独自（平均0.29声）或面对镜子时（平均0.43声），每只公鸡平均发出1.33声警报声。在后续实验中，研究小组发现，当他们把第二只公鸡放在镜子后面看不见的地方时，叫声也减少了)”可知，在实验中当另一只公鸡藏在附近时，受测试的攻击发出的警报声也减少了。故选D。 （十一） （23-24高一上·浙江宁波·期末）Each year, the discovery of new shark species underlines how little we know about ocean biodiversity. In a recent report conducted by Sibert and Rubin, they reported an unexpected finding: a large-scale extinction of sharks in the pelagic ocean, the largest ecosystem on Earth, about 19 million years ago. Their discovery suggests that some extinctions in the open sea of the past may have been mysterious. The study of Sibert and Rubin takes advantage of a system by using tiny, hard bits of shark skin and bony fish teeth that naturally fall from their bodies to the seafloor. These extremely small fossils provide a rich record of ancient oceanic sharks and their abundance for thousands of years. By studying fossils from many regions, the diversity patterns can give major insights into evolution (进化) of the open sea that would be otherwise unknown. Sibert and Rubin quantified(量化)a past extinction of sharks, reporting a 90% decline in number and >70% drop in diversity. They found that nearer-shore sharks appear to survive, but migratory ones go extinct. The finding of this study is that sharks had undergone a widespread extinction that reorganized their communities from 16 million to 20 million years ago. Sibert and Rubin narrowed the disappearance of sharks to a window of time under 100,000 years around 19 million years ago, but the causes of this event remain unclear. Because this time period does not stand out as a period of major climatic change, the authors do not attribute(归因于) environmental factors as an extinction driver. As for other causes, the loss of shark diversity is directly linked to overfishing. The loss of sharks from the oceans has profound, complex, and unavoidable ecological consequences because their presence reflects the stability of marine ecosystems. Yet, one-quarter of the global diversity of sharks is currently threatened with extinction. Despite recent improvements in conservation actions, shark communities never recovered from a mysterious extinction event 19 million years ago; the ecological fate of what remains is now in our hands. 41．What did Sibert and Rubin find? A．The negative impact of the extinction of sharks. B．The mysterious reasons behind the disappearance of sharks. C．The most recent advances in the study of the largest ecosystem. D．The large-scale decline in the number of sharks about 19 million years ago. 42．How did Sibert and Rubin conduct their study? A．By collecting and analyzing shark fossils worldwide. B．By quantifying the movement of near-shore sharks. C．By using a system to study the naturally fallen bits from sharks. D．By keeping track of ancient oceanic sharks and their activities. 43．According to the passage, which of the following statement is true? A．Overfishing is partly to blame for the loss of shark diversity. B．The number of sharks has recovered to its previous level. C．Scientist have figured out the exact causes of sharks’ extinction. D．Sharks had undergone a widespread extinction due to the climate change. 44．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Sharks: The Stories behind Them B．Sharks: The Marine Masters C．Sharks: Killers or Misunderstood? D．Sharks: The Mysterious Extinction 【答案】41．D 42．C 43．A 44．D 【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要阐述了西伯特和鲁宾利用了一个系统研究了海洋中的鲨鱼大规模灭绝的原因。 41．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In a recent report conducted by Sibert and Rubin, they reported an unexpected finding: a large-scale extinction of sharks in the pelagic ocean, the largest ecosystem on Earth, about 19 million years ago. (在西伯特和鲁宾最近的一份报告中，他们报告了一个意想不到的发现：大约1900万年前，地球上最大的生态系统，中上层海洋中的鲨鱼大规模灭绝)”可知，西伯特和鲁宾发现大约1900万年前，中上层海洋中的鲨鱼大规模灭绝。因此，西伯特和鲁宾发现了大约1900万年前鲨鱼数量的大规模下降，D项“The large-scale decline in the number of sharks about 19 million years ago. (大约1900万年前鲨鱼数量的大规模下降)”符合题意。故选D项。 42．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The study of Sibert and Rubin takes advantage of a system by using tiny, hard bits of shark skin and bony fish teeth that naturally fall from their bodies to the seafloor. (西伯特和鲁宾的研究利用了一种利用鲨鱼皮和硬骨鱼牙齿的微小硬块的系统，这些碎片自然地从它们的身体上掉到海底)”可知，西伯特和鲁宾的研究利用了利用了鲨鱼皮肤和硬骨鱼牙齿的微小、坚硬的碎片，这些碎片自然地从它们的身体上掉到海底，因此， C项“By using a system to study the naturally fallen bits from sharks. (通过使用一种系统来研究鲨鱼自然掉落的碎片)”是西伯特和鲁宾进行他们的研究的方式，C项符合题意。故选C项。 43．细节理解题。根据第四段中的最后一句“As for other causes, the loss of shark diversity is directly linked to overfishing. (至于其他原因，鲨鱼多样性的丧失与过度捕捞直接相关。)”可知，鲨鱼多样性的丧失与过度捕捞直接相关，因此， A项“Overfishing is partly to blame for the loss of shark diversity. (过度捕捞是鲨鱼多样性丧失的部分原因)”是正确的陈述，A项符合题意。故选A项。 44．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段“In a recent report conducted by Sibert and Rubin, they reported an unexpected finding: a large-scale extinction of sharks in the pelagic ocean, the largest ecosystem on Earth, about 19 million years ago. Their discovery suggests that some extinctions in the open sea of the past may have been mysterious. (在西伯特和鲁宾最近的一份报告中，他们报告了一个意想不到的发现：大约1900万年前，地球上最大的生态系统，中上层海洋中的鲨鱼大规模灭绝。他们的发现表明，过去公海上的一些物种灭绝可能是神秘的。)”可知，本文主要阐述了西伯特和鲁宾利用了一个系统研究了海洋中的鲨鱼大规模灭绝的原因。因此，本文最好的标题是D项“Sharks: The Mysterious Extinction (鲨鱼:神秘的灭绝)”符合题意。故选D项。 （十二） （23-24高一上·浙江杭州·期末）In the past few weeks, Richard Eckersley has noticed a change in the type of people who come into his shop. In 2017, the former Manchester United footballer set up Earth. Food. Love in Tones, Devon, with his wife, Nicola. It’s the UK’s first “zero waste” store—the food is in big jars and boxes and people bring their own containers. “A lot of new people are coming in-people who have not necessarily been interested in environmental issues before”, he says. Recently, the government called for supermarkets to introduce plastic-free passageways. But Eckersley says many customers are already way ahead of politicians. He and Nicola have helped people set up similar stores in Wales, Birmingham, and Bristol. Ingrid Caldironi had a similar idea. She set up a plastic-free shop in London last year, which has been so popular that it is soon moving to a bigger site. Eckersley and Caldironi are members of an anti-plastics movement in the UK that has been growing as a result of the BBC’s Blue Planet series and a general worry about the damage plastic is doing to the environment. But big supermarkets have so far not tried very hard to reduce their plastic waste. Sian Sutherland, founder of the movement “A Plastic Planet”, says, “The most exciting thing is that politicians and industry are no longer saying that recycling will solve the problem. Banning the use of plastic packaging for food and drink products is the only answer.” Walking down the passageways of the supermarket where everything from pizza to fresh fruit and vegetables is covered in plastic. Sutherland says immediate action is needed. Plastic pollution is causing widespread global damage. More than one million plastic bottles are bought around the world every minute, and most end up in landfill or the sea. The contamination is so wide that tap water around the world also contains plastic. 45．What is special about Earth. Food. Love? A．It gives away boxes of food. B．It is a store without plastic bags. C．It has few new customers. D．It is the UK’s first supermarket. 46．What caused Caldironi’s shop to be relocated to a larger place? A．Its popularity. B．Its products. C．Its profits. D．Its similarity. 47．What does the underlined word “contamination” in last paragraph mean? A．Pollution. B．Acceptance. C．Influence. D．Application. 48．What is the text mainly about? A．The impact of BBC’s Blue Planet series on anti-plastics movements. B．Rising anti-plastics movement alongside increasing environmental concerns. C．A guide to setting up plastic-free stores to promote recycling in the whole UK. D．Richard Eckersley’s personal journey in waste reduction and pollution prevention. 【答案】45．B 46．A 47．A 48．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章以没有塑料袋的商店Earth. Food. Love为例，说明了政府和个人都在关注塑料污染问题，提倡减少使用塑料。 45．细节理解题。根据第一段“It’s the UK’s first “zero waste” store—the food is in big jars and boxes and people bring their own containers.(这是英国第一家“零浪费”商店——食物装在大罐子和盒子里，人们自己带着容器)”以及第二段“She set up a plastic-free shop in London last year, which has been so popular that it is soon moving to a bigger site. (去年，她在伦敦开了一家无塑料商店，这家商店非常受欢迎，很快就会搬到更大的地方)”可知，Earth. Food. Love的特别之处是一家没有塑料袋的商店。故选B。 46．细节理解题。根据第二段“She set up a plastic-free shop in London last year, which has been so popular that it is soon moving to a bigger site. (去年，她在伦敦开了一家无塑料商店，这家商店非常受欢迎，很快就会搬到更大的地方)”可知，这家店的受欢迎程度让卡尔迪罗尼的店搬到了一个更大的地方。故选A。 47．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Plastic pollution is causing widespread global damage. More than one million plastic bottles are bought around the world every minute, and most end up in landfill or the sea.(塑料污染正在造成广泛的全球破坏。世界各地每分钟售出100多万个塑料瓶，其中大多数最终被填埋或入海)”以及后文“is so wide that tap water around the world also contains plastic.”可知，塑料污染范围如此之广，以至于世界各地的自来水也含有塑料。故划线词意思是“污染”。故选A。 48．主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据第二段“Recently, the government called for supermarkets to introduce plastic-free passageways. But Eckersley says many customers are already way ahead of politicians. He and Nicola have helped people set up similar stores in Wales, Birmingham, and Bristol.(最近，政府呼吁超市引入无塑料通道。但埃克斯利表示，许多消费者已经走在了政客的前面。他和尼古拉帮助人们在威尔士、伯明翰和布里斯托尔建立了类似的商店)”可知，文章以没有塑料袋的商店Earth. Food. Love为例，说明了政府和个人都在关注塑料污染问题，提倡减少使用塑料。由此可知，这篇文章的主要内容是反塑料运动的兴起以及对环境问题的日益关注。故选B。 （十三） （23-24高一上·浙江宁波·期末）Computer-generated (产生) writers…writing computer-generated stories? Sports Illustrated is the latest media company to see its good name damaged—if not totally dishonest—about who or what is writing its stories at the beginning of the artificial intelligence (AI) age. The once-powerful media company said it was firing a company that produced articles for its website written by writers who clearly don’t exist. This week, the Futurism website reported that Sports Illustrated used stories written by writers it could not identify. Upon questioning Sports Illustrated, Futurism said all of the writers with Al-generated photos disappeared from the magazine’s website. No explanation was offered. Futurism quoted (引用) an unnamed person at the magazine who said AI was used in the creation of some content as well—“no matter how much they say that it’s not.” Sports Illustrated said the articles in question were created by a third-party company, AdVon Commerce, which made the magazine believe that they were written and edited by humans. AdVon had its writers use a pen name, “actions we don’t agree on,” Sports Illustrated said. Earlier this year, experiments with AI went wrong at media companies. Many companies are testing the new technology at a time when human workers fear it could cost jobs. But it doesn’t work in journalism, which builds and markets its values-based products on truth. “Although there’s nothing wrong in media companies’ experimenting with AI, the mistake is in trying to hide it,” said Tom Rosenstiel, a University of Maryland professor who teaches journalism ethnics (新闻道德). “If you want to be in the truth-telling business, you shouldn’t tell lies,” Rosenstiel said, “A secret is a form of lying.” 49．What can we learn about Sports Illustrated according to Paragraph 2? A．It was an honest media company. B．AI might do harm to its good name. C．It fired a company started at an AI Age. D．Al made it the latest technology company. 50．Why did the Futurism question Sports Illustrated? A．Because Sports Illustrated used the same writers to create stories. B．Because AI-generated stories were used on the magazine’s website. C．Because Sports Illustrated quoted an unnamed person at the magazine. D．Because AI-generated photos disappeared from the magazine’s website. 51．Which “cost” below is in the closet meaning to the “cost” in the last paragraph? A．This dictionary cost him 10 dollars. B．The house cost my aunt an arm and a leg. C．Such behaviour could cost you your place in the team. D．I didn’t get my dream sports shoes because they cost a lot. 52．What might be the best title for the text? A．Media Companies that Use AI Tool. B．Writing Computer-generated Stories. C．Al Writing Ruining Media Company’s Fame. D．Firing Companies that Produce Al-written Stories. 【答案】49．B 50．B 51．C 52．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了《体育画报》利用人工智能撰写文章从而使自己的声誉受损的事情。 49．推理判断题。根据第二段“Sports Illustrated is the latest media company to see its good name damaged—if not totally dishonest—about who or what is writing its stories at the beginning of the artificial intelligence （AI）age.”（《体育画报》是最新一家因在人工智能时代之初，谁或什么在撰写其报道而名声受损（如果不是完全不诚实的话）的媒体公司。）可知，《体育画报》的人工智能可能会损坏它的好名声。故选B项。 50．细节理解题。根据第三段“This week, the Futurism website reported that Sports Illustrated used stories written by writers it could not identify. Upon questioning Sports Illustrated, Futurism said all of the writers with Al-generated photos disappeared from the magazine’s website.”（本周，《未来主义》网站报道，《体育画报》使用了它无法识别的作者所写的故事。在询问《体育画报》后，《未来主义》表示，所有使用人工智能生成照片的作者都从该杂志的网站上消失了。）可知，未来派质疑《体育画报》因为该杂志的网站上使用了人工智能生成的故事。故选B项。 51．词义猜测题。根据最后一段“Many companies are testing the new technology at a time when human workers fear it could cost jobs.”（许多公司正在测试这项新技术，而人类工人担心它可能会导致cost工作。）可知人类担心因新技术的测试使他们失去工作，推断出划线单词意为“使失去”，和C项“这样的行为会使你失去在团队中的地位”中的cost意思一致。故选C项。 52．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第二段“Sports Illustrated is the latest media company to see its good name damaged—if not totally dishonest—about who or what is writing its stories at the beginning of the artificial intelligence （AI）age. The once-powerful media company said it was firing a company that produced articles for its website written by writers who clearly don’t exist.”（《体育画报》是最新一家因在人工智能时代之初，谁或什么在撰写其报道而名声受损(如果不是完全不诚实的话)的媒体公司。这家一度强大的媒体公司表示，将解雇一家为其网站撰写文章的公司，这些文章的作者显然是不存在的。）可知，文章主要介绍了《体育画报》利用人工智能写文章使自己的声誉受损并遭到质疑，所以C项“人工智能写作毁了媒体公司的声誉”符合题意。故选C项。 （十四） （23-24高一上·浙江绍兴·期末）If exercise seems like a great idea but you can never keep up a routine, it’s worth thinking about your exercise “mindset” — defined by psychologists as attitudes that shape our behaviour and reality. Research evidence is mounting that identifying some of our most habitual beliefs and replacing them with more adaptive ones can revive our ability to keep ourselves healthy. “Whether they’re true or not, mindsets have an effect,” says Dr. Alia Crum. “They change what we pay attention to, what we’re motivated to do, how we feel emotionally about what we’re doing and what we decide to prioritize (优先处理).” For instance, maybe you’ve tried to shame or scare yourself into going to the gym by reconsidering the health risks of not moving. Or perhaps you’ve aimed to get active by thinking of the long-term positive aspects of exercise: exercising regularly is 1.5 times more effective than taking medicine in easing depression, stress and anxiety. In contrast, thinking about exercise in all-or-nothing terms — “I need at least 30 minutes or there’s no point” — is the enemy of consistency. You want to use the mindset that “any and all movement is worth it, and everything counts,” says Dr. Michelle Segar, a researcher at the University of Michigan. Even a quick walk in the middle of a busy day is good for your well-being. If that doesn’t agree with your perfectionist tendencies (倾向), consider whether those tendencies have worked for you. Though strict standards may help some people, for many others they backfire, creating a cycle of failure. Besides bringing flexibility (灵活性) to how you view your movement, changing your “why” for getting active can also help keep up motivation. Rather than seeing workouts as a way to lose weight, it can help to focus on more immediately pleasant reasons to do it, like clearing your mind or feeling less stressed. Regarding the process of exercise as something that’s attractive makes a difference. The key is to focus on the pleasure that exercise can bring, and then pick an activity that is actually rewarding. 53．What’s the writing purpose of paragraph 1? A．To give a general description of mindset. B．To explain people’s confusion over mindset. C．To investigate the reasons for habitual behaviors. D．To stress the importance of adapting exercise mindset. 54．What can be learned about Alia Crum’s point of view? A．Everything matters in promoting one’s health. B．Mindsets affect one’s motivation and decision to act. C．It’s a good idea to make an exercise plan more flexible. D．It’s necessary to take some enjoyable and valuable exercise. 55．What does the author mean by the underlined sentence in paragraph 3? A．Strict standards require people to work out every day. B．Strict standards aren’t suitable for those perfectionists. C．Strict standards may lead to the opposite result for others. D．Strict standards stop people revising their plans regularly. 56．Which can be a suitable title for the text? A．A New Study of Exercise Routine B．Focus on the Pleasure of Exercise C．The Power of Your Exercise Mindset D．Exercise Mindset and Failures Connected 【答案】53．D 54．B 55．C 56．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了锻炼心态的重要性，心态对一个人行为和影响以及如何锻炼心态。 53．推理判断题。根据第一段“If exercise seems like a great idea but you can never keep up a routine, it’s worth thinking about your exercise “mindset” — defined by psychologists as attitudes that shape our behaviour and reality. Research evidence is mounting that identifying some of our most habitual beliefs and replacing them with more adaptive ones can revive our ability to keep ourselves healthy.(如果锻炼看起来是个好主意，但你永远无法坚持下去，那就值得考虑一下你的锻炼“心态”——心理学家将其定义为塑造我们行为和现实的态度。越来越多的研究证据表明，识别出我们最习惯性的一些信念，并用更具适应性的信念取代它们，可以恢复我们保持健康的能力)”可推知，第一段的写作目的是强调调整锻炼心态的重要性。故选D。 54．细节理解题。根据第二段“They change what we pay attention to, what we’re motivated to do, how we feel emotionally about what we’re doing and what we decide to prioritize (优先处理).(它们会改变我们的注意力，我们的动机，我们对我们正在做的事情的情感感受以及我们决定优先考虑的事情)”可知，心态影响一个人行动的动机和决定。故选B。 55．词句猜测题。根据划线句上文“Though strict standards may help some people”可知，though引导让步状语从句，表示转折关系，说明尽管严格的标准可能会帮助一些人，但对许多其他人来说，严格的标准可能会给其他人带来相反的结果，故划线句意思是“严格的标准可能会给其他人带来相反的结果”。故选C。 56．主旨大意题。根据第一段“If exercise seems like a great idea but you can never keep up a routine, it’s worth thinking about your exercise “mindset” — defined by psychologists as attitudes that shape our behaviour and reality. Research evidence is mounting that identifying some of our most habitual beliefs and replacing them with more adaptive ones can revive our ability to keep ourselves healthy.(如果锻炼看起来是个好主意，但你永远无法坚持下去，那就值得考虑一下你的锻炼“心态”——心理学家将其定义为塑造我们行为和现实的态度。越来越多的研究证据表明，识别出我们最习惯性的一些信念，并用更具适应性的信念取代它们，可以恢复我们保持健康的能力)”结合文章主要说明了锻炼心态的重要性，心态对一个人行为和影响以及如何锻炼心态。由此可知，C选项“锻炼心态的力量”最符合文章标题。故选C。 （十五） （23-24高一上·广东惠州·期末）There are thousands of languages in the world. But which language is the oldest? Experts use different methods to find out the age of a language. Finding the oldest language is a challenging task, according to Danny Hieber, an expert in the study of endangered languages. “If we think that most languages can date back to an original human language, all languages are equally old,” Hieber said. However, it’s impossible to find out such language —the direct ancestor of every language in the world. Accordingly, some experts believe that the “oldest language” should belong to one with a well-established written record. Many of the earliest recorded examples of writing come from languages that used cuneiform script (楔形文字). Among these languages are Sumerian and Akkadian, both dating back at least 4,600 years. Experts have also found Egyptian hieroglyphs that date to around the same historical period. These hieroglyphs, which can be translated into “He has united the Two Lands for his son, Dual King Peribsen,” are considered the earliest complete sentence ever discovered. Experts generally agree that Sumerian, Akkadian and Egyptian are the oldest languages with a clear written record. All three are extinct, meaning that they are no longer used and don’t have any living followers which can carry the language to the next generation. As for the oldest language that is still spoken, several competitors appear. Hebrew and Arabic stand out among such languages for having timelines that experts can reasonably find, according to Hieber. Although these earliest written languages only date back around 3,000 years, Hieber said, “both of them belong to the Afroasiatic language family, whose roots date back to 18, 000 to 8,000 B．C． E. , or about 20,000 to 10,000 years ago.” Even with this wide period of time, it is widely accepted that Afroasiatic is the oldest language family. But the exact point in time when Hebrew and Arabic separated from other Afroasiatic languages is heavily debated among experts. 57．How do experts determine the age of a language? A．By studying its spoken dialects. B．By analyzing its basic grammar. C．By examining its written records. D．By comparing it to other languages. 58．What is the value of the Egyptian hieroglyphs? A．They’re an example of cuneiform script. B．They belong to the Afroasiatic language. C．They provide evidence of the oldest language. D．They’re the earliest-known complete sentences. 59．What does the underlined word “extinct” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Gone B．Ancient. C．Outdated. D．Active. 60．What is the main disagreement among experts regarding Hebrew and Arabic? A．The reason for their standing out. B．The exact time of their separation. C．The appearance of their competitors. D．The roots of earliest written languages. 【答案】57．C 58．D 59．A 60．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了专家是如何确定语言的年龄的以及一些已经灭绝了的古老语言。 57．细节理解题。根据第二段“Accordingly, some experts believe that the “oldest language” should belong to one with a well-established written record.(因此，一些专家认为，“最古老的语言”应该属于具有完善书面记录的语言)”可知，专家通过审查书面记录来确定一种语言的年龄。故选C。 58．细节理解题。根据第三段“These hieroglyphs, which can be translated into “He has united the Two Lands for his son, Dual King Peribsen,” are considered the earliest complete sentence ever discovered.(这些象形文字可以翻译成“他为他的儿子——双王佩里布森统一了两块土地”，被认为是迄今为止发现的最早的完整句子)”可知，埃及象形文字的价值在于是已知最早的完整句子。故选D。 59．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“meaning that they are no longer used and don’t have any living followers which can carry the language to the next generation”可知，这三种语言不再被使用，也没有任何活着的追随者可以把这种语言传给下一代，即这三种语言都消失了。故划线词意思是“消失了的”。故选A。 60．细节理解题。根据最后一段“But the exact point in time when Hebrew and Arabic separated from other Afroasiatic languages is heavily debated among experts.(但是，希伯来语和阿拉伯语从其他亚非语言中分离出来的确切时间点在专家之间存在激烈的争论)”可知，专家们对希伯来语和阿拉伯语的主要分歧是它们分离出来的确切时间。故选B。 （十六） （23-24高一上·广东深圳·期末）In the continuing fever for outdoor sports and activities, China’s young generation now find themselves drawn to a new activity—lure fishing (假饵钓鱼). Traditional fishing methods use real bait (饵) and often require hours of patient waiting. However, lure fishing takes a different approach. Here, fishermen use man-made bait to copy the movements of a fish’s natural prey (捕食) such as swimming, struggling and escaping. In this way, fish will mistake the bait for the real prey and make attack. Because fishermen need to frequently throw and take back the line to seek for fish, the sport looks elegant and is called “water golf”. “The fish shakes and struggles sharply. The feeling is just like putting your hand out of the window while driving at fifty miles per hour,” a fishing lover says, recalling his experience of catching a big fish using a lure fishing technique. In recent months, many young Chinese have taken to social media to share their experiences. The topic “lure fishing” has over 140,000 posts on the lifestyle platform Xiaohongshu, and videos with the same tag have billions of views on the short video platform Douyin. Another feature that attracts the young generation is lure fishing’s environmentally-responsible approach. By using green man-made bait, the activity does not bring trouble to the natural environment of the water. Also, the general agreement in the lure fishing community is to “catch and release”, which is to let the little fish go and grow, in order to protect fish. Moreover, lure fishing is beginner-friendly and requires less equipment compared with traditional fishing. A basic set costs between 500 and 2,000 yuan. But costs can rise significantly if you seek to take a more professional approach. “Each fishing scene has its fishing rod (竿), and each fishing technique also has its fishing rod,” another lure fishing lover says. He adds he has seven to eight sets of fishing rods, which should come to thousands of yuan in cost. 61．How is lure fishing different from traditional methods? A．It is a more active way. B．It uses real small fish as bait. C．It is a more time-consuming way. D．It saves fishing lovers’ energy. 62．Which of the following best describes the feeling of the lure fishing lover in paragraph 3? A．Tired. B．Relaxed. C．Surprised. D．Touched. 63．Why is lure fishing thought as environmentally-friendly? A．It uses more natural bait. B．It requires fewer resources. C．It improves the quality of water. D．It maintains fish’s living condition. 64．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about lure fishing? A．Its expenses. B．Its skills. C．Its benefits. D．Its audiences. 【答案】61．A 62．B 63．D 64．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了假饵钓鱼在中国的年轻人当中很受欢迎的现象。 61．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Traditional fishing methods use real bait (饵) and often require hours of patient waiting. However, lure fishing takes a different approach. Here, fishermen use man-made bait to copy the movements of a fish’s natural prey (捕食) such as swimming, struggling and escaping. In this way, fish will mistake the bait for the real prey and make attack.(传统的钓鱼方法使用真正的诱饵，通常需要数小时的耐心等待。然而，引诱捕鱼采用了不同的方法。在这里，渔民使用人造诱饵来模仿鱼的自然猎物的动作，如游泳、挣扎和逃跑。这样一来，鱼就会误以为诱饵是真正的猎物而发起攻击。)”可知，传统的钓鱼方法要用真正的诱饵并且花很久时间等待鱼去咬饵，而假饵钓鱼则是用人造诱饵模仿鱼的猎物的动作，让鱼去主动发起攻击。由此可推测出，假饵钓鱼与传统钓鱼方法的不同之处在于，它是一种更加主动的方式。故选A。 62．推理判断题。根据第三段中假饵钓鱼爱好者的话“The feeling is just like putting your hand out of the window while driving at fifty miles per hour(这种感觉就像在以每小时50英里的速度行驶时把手伸出窗外)”可知，这位钓鱼爱好者说这种感觉就像开车兜风时把手伸出窗外的感觉，由此可推测出，他感觉很放松。故选B。 63．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Another feature that attracts the young generation is lure fishing’s environmentally-responsible approach. By using green man-made bait, the activity does not bring trouble to the natural environment of the water.(吸引年轻一代的另一个特点是假饵钓鱼对环境负责的方法。通过使用绿色人造诱饵，该活动不会给水域的自然环境带来麻烦。)”可知，假饵钓鱼使用绿色人造诱饵，不会污染水域环境，所以它对环境有好，由此可推测出，这种钓鱼方法可以保护鱼的生存环境。故选D。 64．主旨大意题。倒数第二段最后一句“But costs can rise significantly if you seek to take a more professional approach.(但是，如果你想采取更专业的方法，成本可能会大幅上升。)”指出，如果采取更专业的方法，成本会大幅上升，再结合最后一段“‘Each fishing scene has its fishing rod (竿), and each fishing technique also has its fishing rod,’ another lure fishing lover says. He adds he has seven to eight sets of fishing rods, which should come to thousands of yuan in cost.(‘每一个捕鱼场景都有它的钓竿，每一种捕鱼技术也有它的鱼竿，’另一位假饵钓鱼爱好者说。他补充说，他有七到八套鱼竿，这些鱼竿的成本应该高达数千元。)”可推出，本段主要讲述了假饵钓鱼的鱼竿花费。故选A。 （十七） （23-24高一上·广东东莞·期末）Rainwater in cities causes more troubles than wet feet. It carries away waste from rooftops and streets as it washes through cities. European scientists are now trying to work out how to deal with flooding rainwater. In the city of Wetteren, Belgium, researchers are experimenting with seashells. Millions of shells from the nearby North Sea are used to collect and treat rainwater from a shopping-mall roof and a parking lot. The shells are laid below a surface drain (下水道) through which dirty water is carried away. With a 70% empty space that allows them to store rainwater, they’re also a natural cleaning station, which is then used to water community gardens. The experiment is part of a project called StopUP whose goal is to prevent rainwater from carrying pollutants into lakes and rivers. The project’s focus is to make sure that such wastewater, which can include everything from plastics to heavy metals, gets treated. Thomas Jeffery, head of the College of Environmental Engineering in Germany, said a big knowledge gap can exist between the popular perception of rainwater and its true content. “Rainwater seems to be very clean, but when it washes the streets and roofs, it becomes full of dust and other harmful pollutants,” said Thomas. In Europe, 38% of surface waterbodies have different forms of pollutants, which run deep in the ground and damage soils, plants and animals, according to Julie Rosalie, director of the European Environment Agency. Human health depends on clean water for drinking, bathing and cooking, and now we arc at risk because plants and animals are affected by chemicals in rivers, lakes and coastal waters. “StopUP technologies and methods could provide tools to reduce rainwater pollution.” Rosalie said. “It has a positive effect on the quality of our common environment.” 65．What are the seashells in the experiment used for? A．Clearing the polluted rainwater. B．Repairing a shopping mall. C．Making gardens more attractive. D．Carrying away waste in cities. 66．What is the goal of the project of StopUP? A．Promoting the use of seashells. B．Reusing plastics and heavy metals. C．Experimenting ways to treat rainwater. D．Encouraging people to stop water pollution. 67．Which of the following best explains “perception” underlined in paragraph 4? A．Understanding. B．Custom C．Style. D．Tendency. 68．What can we know according to Julie Rosalie? A．More tools are needed to reduce water pollution. B．StopUP helps to improve the environmental quality. C．38% of surface water in Europe is free from pollutants. D．Human beings are in danger because of a lack of water. 【答案】65．A 66．C 67．A 68．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了欧洲科学家通过贝壳来清理被污染的雨水，该实验是StopUP项目的一部分，该项目的目标是防止雨水携带污染物进入湖泊和河流。 65．细节理解题。根据第二段“Millions of shells from the nearby North Sea are used to collect and treat rainwater from a shopping-mall roof and a parking lot. The shells are laid below a surface drain (下水道) through which dirty water is carried away.(来自附近北海的数以百万计的贝壳被用来收集和处理购物中心屋顶和停车场的雨水。这些贝壳被放置在一个表面排水沟下面，脏水通过排水沟被带走)”可知，实验中的贝壳被用来清理被污染的雨水。故选A。 66．细节理解题。根据第三段“The experiment is part of a project called StopUP whose goal is to prevent rainwater from carrying pollutants into lakes and rivers. The project’s focus is to make sure that such wastewater, which can include everything from plastics to heavy metals, gets treated.(该实验是StopUP项目的一部分，该项目的目标是防止雨水携带污染物进入湖泊和河流。该项目的重点是确保这些废水得到处理，其中包括从塑料到重金属的所有物质)”可知，StopUP项目的目标是试验处理雨水的方法。故选C。 67．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“a big knowledge gap can exist between the popular”以及后文“Rainwater seems to be very clean, but when it washes the streets and roofs, it becomes full of dust and other harmful pollutants”可知，雨水看起来很干净，但当它冲刷街道和屋顶时，它变得充满了灰尘和其他有害污染物，说明人们对雨水的普遍理解与其真实所含物之间可能存在很大的知识鸿沟。故划线词意思是“明白，理解”，故选A。 68．细节理解题。根据最后一段““StopUP technologies and methods could provide tools to reduce rainwater pollution.” Rosalie said. “It has a positive effect on the quality of our common environment.”(“StopUP技术和方法可以为减少雨水污染提供工具。”罗莎莉说。“这对我们共同的环境质量有积极的影响。”)”可知，StopUP有助于改善环境质量。故选B。 （十八） （23-24高一上·广东揭阳·期末）Swimming is well known to offer many health benefits, including building endurance and muscle strength. But what about swimming in icy cold water? This might not sound very appealing, but there’s evidence that it can actually be good for us. Cold-water swimming is also called wild swimming, where people swim in natural bodies of water such as ponds, rivers, and the sea. Although jumping in might give a quick shock to the body, many enthusiasts claim they get used to it over time. In fact, research has found it to have many physical and mental benefits. Apart from being a great way to exercise, spending time in the outdoors and near water can improve overall wellbeing. There’s plenty of anecdotal (传闻的) evidence suggesting that cold-water swimming has cured people’s illness, ranging from pain relief to an overall sense of feeling amazed. One reason why getting into cold water might be beneficial is that it causes a stress response in the body. The more people do it, the better their reaction to stress becomes. Additionally, some experts believe that cold-water swimming helps the body prepare for other forms of stress by adapting to similar stressors. For example, it also helps reduce the stress of exercising at high altitudes. People who want to try cold-water swimming should approach it with caution, swim with a friend if possible, and start during the summer when the temperatures are warmer. It might not be for everyone, but for those willing to take risks, the extra health benefits might be worth it. 69．What are some physical benefits of cold-water swimming? A．Building endurance and muscle strength. B．Greater lung capacity and building endurance. C．Improved joint mobility and muscle strength. D．Increased muscle flexibility and greater lung capacity. 70．What is the anecdotal evidence about cold-water swimming? A．It has been proven to cure many illnesses. B．It can be dangerous and should not be attempted. C．People feel amazed after doing cold-water swimming. D．Doctors recommend cold-water swimming for everyone. 71．Based on the experts’ opinion, what do cold-water swimming help the body prepare for? A．Increasing lung capacity. B．Reducing inflammation. C．Adapting to similar stressors. D．Building muscle strength. 72．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．The Health Benefits of Swimming. B．The Benefits of Cold Water Swimming. C．How Cold Water Swimming Makes You Healthy. D．Why Cold Water Swimming Helps Reduce the Stress. 【答案】69．A 70．C 71．C 72．B 【导语】本文是说明文。讲述了冷水游泳的潜在好处，包括身体和心理方面的益处，并提供了一些支持这些观点的证据和专家意见。 69．细节理解题。根据第一段“Swimming is well known to offer many health benefits, including building endurance and muscle strength. But what about swimming in icy cold water? This might not sound very appealing, but there’s evidence that it can actually be good for us.(众所周知，游泳对健康有很多好处，包括增强耐力和肌肉力量。但是在冰冷的水中游泳呢?这听起来可能不太吸引人，但有证据表明它实际上对我们有好处)”可知，冷水游泳可以增强耐力和肌肉力量。故选A项。 70．细节理解题。根据第三段“There’s plenty of anecdotal (传闻的) evidence suggesting that cold-water swimming has cured people’s illness, ranging from pain relief to an overall sense of feeling amazed.(有大量的轶事证据表明，冷水游泳可以治愈人们的疾病，从缓解疼痛到整体感觉惊奇)”可知，关于冷水游泳的轶事证据是人们在冷水游泳后会感到惊奇。故选C项。 71．细节理解题。根据第四段“One reason why getting into cold water might be beneficial is that it causes a stress response in the body. The more people do it, the better their reaction to stress becomes. Additionally, some experts believe that cold-water swimming helps the body prepare for other forms of stress by adapting to similar stressors.(进入冷水可能有益的一个原因是它会引起身体的应激反应。人们做得越多，他们对压力的反应就越好。此外，一些专家认为，冷水游泳通过适应类似的压力源，可以帮助身体为其他形式的压力做好准备)”可知，根据专家的观点，冷水游泳可以帮助身体适应类似的压力源。故选C项。 72．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Swimming is well known to offer many health benefits, including building endurance and muscle strength. But what about swimming in icy cold water? This might not sound very appealing, but there’s evidence that it can actually be good for us.(众所周知，游泳对健康有很多好处，包括增强耐力和肌肉力量。但是在冰冷的水中游泳呢?这听起来可能不太吸引人，但有证据表明它实际上对我们有好处)”以及纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述了冷水游泳的潜在好处，所以B项“The Benefits of Cold Water Swimming.(冷水游泳的好处)”是本文最好的标题。故选B项。 （十九） （23-24高一上·广东湛江·期末）Saodat Sadikova is an English teacher in Jizzakh, Uzbekistan. As a young girl, she dreamed of becoming a flight attendant (空乘人员) and traveling the world, so she learned at least three languages. Although she was not able to become a flight attendant, Sadikova could speak Uzbek, Russian, English and Turkish. Sadikova has never traveled abroad but reports feeling connected to people around the world. American Trina Bright worked in education for nearly 25 years and she traveled to many countries, including China and South Africa. Bright used stories from her travels to help her students in the U. S. understand their place in the world and see value in their own cultures. But Bright, unlike Sadikova, does not report feeling connected to people around the world. Bright is not alone. Pew Research Center recently asked people in 24 countries a series of questions about how connected they feel to the world to see how travel experience relates to feelings of connectedness. The study found that respondents (调查对象) who had traveled to at least one other country feel more connected to people around the world. 99 percent of respondents in the Netherlands reported having visited at least one other country and 77 percent of respondents from the Netherlands said they feel at least somewhat close to people all over the world. But international travel does not always mean a person feels a closeness to people around the world. 99 percent of Swedish respondents said they had visited at least one other country. Yet a much smaller number of Swedish respondents—47 percent—report feeling close to people all over the world. Sadikova said she felt connected to the world because of media, which makes it quite easy to get to know events and news. 73．Why did Saodat Sadikova learn several languages? A．To move abroad. B．To broaden her view. C．To connect to the world. D．To achieve her flying dream. 74．What benefit did Trina Bright get from her travels? A．She improved her education. B．She applied them to her teaching. C．She understood the value of culture. D．She could speak a foreign language. 75．What did the research focus on? A．How people get to know the world. B．How people feel connected to the world. C．Why people enjoy international travel. D．Why travel influences the connection of people. 76．What can we learn from paragraph 4? A．The aim of the research. B．The process of the research. C．The result of the research. D．The method of the research. 【答案】73．D 74．B 75．B 76．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过两个人的故事引出了一项关于“旅行与人们感觉到与世界有连接之间的关系”的研究结果。 73．细节理解题。根据第一段“As a young girl, she dreamed of becoming a flight attendant(空乘人员) and traveling the world, so she learned at least three languages.(作为一个小女孩，她梦想成为一名空姐和环游世界，所以她至少学了三种语言)”可知，她学习多种语言的原因是她曾梦想成为一个空姐。故选D。 74．细节理解题。根据第二段“Bright used stories from her travels to help her students in the U. S. understand their place in the world and see value in their own cultures.( Bright用她旅行中的故事来帮助她在美国的学生了解他们在世界上的位置，并看到他们自己文化的价值)”可知，Bright 使用旅行故事帮助学生理解自己国家的位置以及看到自己国家的文化价值，即她把旅行经历运用在教学中。故选B。 75．细节理解题。根据第三段“Pew Research Center recently asked people in 24 countries a series of questions about how connected they feel to the world to see how travel experience relates to feelings of connectedness.(皮尤研究中心最近向24个国家的人们询问了一系列关于他们与世界的联系程度的问题，以了解旅行经历与联系感之间的关系)”可知，研究关注的是人们感觉到与世界连接的以及与世界连接的程度。故选B。 76．主旨大意题。根据第四段“The study found that respondents (调查对象) who had traveled to at least one other country feel more connected to people around the world. 99 percent of respondents in the Netherlands reported having visited at least one other country and 77 percent of respondents from the Netherlands said they feel at least somewhat close to people all over the world. But international travel does not always mean a person feels a closeness to people around the world.99 percent of Swedish respondents said they had visited at least one other country. Yet a much smaller number of Swedish respondents—47 percent—report feeling close to people all over the world. (研究发现，至少去过一个其他国家的受访者感觉与世界各地的人联系更紧密。99%的荷兰受访者表示，他们至少去过一个其他国家，77%的荷兰受访者表示，他们至少觉得自己与世界各地的人都有些亲近。但国际旅行并不总是意味着一个人与世界各地的人亲近。99%的瑞典受访者表示，他们至少去过一个其他国家。然而，只有47%的瑞典受访者表示，他们与世界各地的人都很亲近)”可知，本段主要介绍的是研究的调查结果。故选C。 （二十） （23-24高一上·北京昌平·期末）Getting older often involves a series of challenges, such as cognitive (认知的) decline, late-life depression and social isolation. In a society that is aging fast, it has become important to find ways to promote successful aging to prevent and limit cognitive and emotional disorders. Music is a promising tool for improving cognition and promoting well-being. Cognitive reserve (储备) is the mind’s power to stop age-related brain damage. Research has shown that stimulating (令人兴奋的) life experiences are linked with higher power to prevent age-related brain diseases. Music is known to be cognitively stimulating and it could contribute to building such reserve throughout the life course. Music makes unique demands on our nervous system, like cognitive control. For example, lifelong musical expert knowledge and skills seem to reduce cognitive decline. However, it is not necessary to be a professional musician to benefit from musical training. Research shows that even short-term musical training strengthens cognition in the elderly. The brain is built to change over our lifetime, which can be shaped by experience. Importantly, this happens over time and in response to a specific new skill. Research studies have identified structural and functional differences between the brains of musicians and non-musicians, especially in regions related to motor control and auditory processing. Evidence shows that even short-term musical interventions (干预) can promote brain plasticity and increase grey matter volume. Even passive music listening can result in improved cognitive abilities. Music can open forgotten doors to our memories — such as weddings, school dances, and parties — with little cognitive effort. Music helps to recall all the memories that you have connected with a song. The “reminiscence bump” is used to describe enhanced memory for events that occur during adolescence (青春期) and early adulthood that are often sharp. A song becomes a soundtrack for a particular time, such as during a summer hanging out with a specific group of friends. Music has a great power to bring strong emotions and intense pleasure into your mind, thus changing mood. Music can be used as an aid for escaping from everyday life through imagination of your own memories. Moreover, musical activities often involve social functions promoting social contact, cooperation, and a sense of belonging with others. In sum, music is a powerful tool to fight against aging-related emotional and cognitive disorders. Music is also considered as a social activity, accessible to anyone regardless of background. So, this intervention should become a major policy priority for health y aging. 77．What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us about music? A．The effect of music on musicians. B．The benefit of music for cognition. C．The power of music over loneliness. D．The demand of music on nervous system. 78．The author uses “reminiscence bump” in Paragraph 4 to ________. A．introduce a topic B．provide an opinion C．compare with music D．explain an argument 79．What can we learn from the passage? A．Short-term musical training doesn’t work. B．The brain can’t be influenced by experience. C．Music can be used to limit emotional disorders. D．Music is a powerful tool to fight against aging. 【答案】77．B 78．D 79．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了音乐如何成为一种有效的工具，用于预防和减缓与衰老相关的认知和情感障碍。文章指出，音乐具有刺激认知、促进情感健康、增强社交联系的作用。同时，它强调了音乐对大脑塑造和促进脑可塑性的重要性，无论是长期的音乐训练还是短期的干预都可以带来益处。 77．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Cognitive reserve (储备) is the mind’s power to stop age-related brain damage. Research has shown that stimulating (令人兴奋的) life experiences are linked with higher power to prevent age-related brain diseases. Music is known to be cognitively stimulating and it could contribute to building such reserve throughout the life course. Music makes unique demands on our nervous system, like cognitive control. For example, lifelong musical expert knowledge and skills seem to reduce cognitive decline. However, it is not necessary to be a professional musician to benefit from musical training. Research shows that even short-term musical training strengthens cognition in the elderly.(认知储备是大脑阻止与年龄相关的脑损伤的能力。研究表明，刺激的生活经历与预防与年龄有关的脑部疾病的能力有关。众所周知，音乐具有认知刺激作用，有助于在整个生命过程中建立这种储备。音乐对我们的神经系统提出了独特的要求，比如认知控制。例如，终身的音乐专业知识和技能似乎可以减少认知能力的下降。然而，从音乐训练中获益并不一定要成为一名专业音乐家。研究表明，即使是短期的音乐训练也能增强老年人的认知能力)”可知，第二段主要介绍了音乐具有认知刺激作用，终身的音乐专业知识和技能似乎可以减少认知能力的下降，即使是短期的音乐训练也能增强老年人的认知能力。所以本段主要告诉我们音乐对认知的好处。故选B项。 78．推理判断题。第四段中上文“Music can open forgotten doors to our memories — such as weddings, school dances, and parties — with little cognitive effort. Music helps to recall all the memories that you have connected with a song.(几乎不需要认知上的努力，音乐就可以打开我们遗忘的记忆之门，比如婚礼、学校舞会和派对。音乐可以帮助你回忆起与一首歌有关的所有记忆)”提出“音乐可以很容易地帮助我们回忆起过往记忆”。而下文“The “reminiscence bump” is used to describe enhanced memory for events that occur during adolescence (青春期) and early adulthood that are often sharp. A song becomes a soundtrack for a particular time, such as during a summer hanging out with a specific group of friends.(“回忆凸起”被用来描述对发生在青春期和成年早期的事件的记忆增强，这些事件通常是剧烈的。一首歌会成为某个特定时刻的配乐，比如在夏天和一群特定的朋友出去玩的时候)”提出“回忆凸起”这一概念来对其作出解释，说明音乐会成为某个特定时刻的配乐，有助于唤醒“回忆凸起”。所以作者在第四段中使用了“回忆凸起”来解释其观点。故选D项。 79．推理判断题。根据第一段“Getting older often involves a series of challenges, such as cognitive (认知的) decline, late-life depression and social isolation. In a society that is aging fast, it has become important to find ways to promote successful aging to prevent and limit cognitive and emotional disorders.(变老通常会带来一系列挑战，比如认知能力下降、晚年抑郁和社会孤立。在一个快速老龄化的社会中，找到促进成功老龄化以预防和限制认知和情感障碍的方法变得非常重要)”和最后一段中“In sum, music is a powerful tool to fight against aging-related emotional and cognitive disorders. (总之，音乐是对抗与衰老相关的情绪和认知障碍的有力工具)”可推知，音乐可以用来对抗与衰老相关的情绪和限制情感障碍。故选C项。 （二十一） （23-24高一上·北京石景山·期末）Carefully play with pets Do you have a pet? Many children like pets and even treat them like humans sometimes. They may like to kiss or hug (拥抱) their pets. But this can make you sick, according to Daily Mail. Kissing or hugging pets such as dogs and cats can cause people to take in drug-resistant bacteria (耐药细菌), British scientists said. Many pet owners give their pets antibiotics (抗生素) when they get sick. But taking antibiotics too often can affect (影响) the bacteria inside your pct. The bacteria can become drug resistant. When people kiss or hug their pets, this kind of bacteria can move to them and make them sick. Close relationships between pet owners and their pets are important. But if pet owners follow the rules below, they will not get sick. Rules for playing ·Do not kiss your pets on the mouth. ·Do not let your pets lick (舔) your mouth or nose. ·Wash your hands after touching and playing with your pets. ·If you have a wound, cover it. This way, bacteria cannot pass on to you from your pet. 80．According to Daily Mail, kissing or hugging pets can make people feel ___________. A．sad B．sick C．happy D．sleepy 81．Why is it dangerous to take in drug-resistant bacteria from pets? A．Because humans can't use antibiotics. B．Because these bacteria aren't harmful to people. C．Because pets may die if they lose these bacteria. D．Because antibiotics can't be used against these bacteria. 82．Many pet owners like to kiss or hug their pets to ______________. A．improve their relationships B．show their true love for children C．make their pets feel important D．reduce the stress of busy lifestyles 83．What lesson does the passage teach us? A．Don't kiss or hug our pets. B．Don't give antibiotics to our pets. C．Don't keep pets inside your home. D．Don't become drug-resistant. 【答案】80．B 81．D 82．A 83．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了亲吻或拥抱宠物可能会导致人们摄入耐药性细菌，并给出了几条规则来避免这种情况。 80．细节理解题。根据第一段“They may like to kiss or hug (拥抱)their pets. But this can make you sick, according to Daily Mail.( 但据《每日邮报》报道，这可能会让你生病。)”可知，据《每日邮报》报道，亲吻或拥抱宠物会让人生病，故选B项。 81．细节理解题。根据第三段“But taking antibiotics too often can affect(影响)the bacteria inside your pct. The bacteria can become drug resistant. When people kiss or hug their pets, this kind of bacteria can move to them and make them sick.(但是经常服用抗生素会影响宠物体内的细菌。这种细菌会产生耐药性。当人们亲吻或拥抱他们的宠物时，这种细菌会移动到它们身上，使它们生病)”可知，从宠物身上来的抗药性细菌很危险，因为这些细菌已经有了抗药性，抗生素不能用来对付这些细菌，故选D项。 82．推理判断题。根据第一段“Many children like pets and even treat them like humans sometimes. They may like to kiss or hug (拥抱)their pets.(许多孩子喜欢宠物，有时甚至像对待人类一样对待它们)”可推理出，许多宠物主人喜欢亲吻或拥抱他们的宠物是为了改善他们的关系，故选A项。 83．推理判断题。根据第三段“When people kiss or hug their pets, this kind of bacteria can move to them and make them sick.(当人们亲吻或拥抱他们的宠物时，这种细菌会移动到它们身上，使它们生病)”以及最后一段“Do not kiss your pets on the mouth(不要亲吻宠物的嘴)”、“Do not let your pets lick(舔)your mouth or nose.(不要让宠物舔你的嘴或者鼻子)”可知，本文给我们的教训是不要亲吻或拥抱动物，故选A项。 （二十二） （23-24高一上·北京朝阳·期末）Earlier findings about sharks have shown that they could learn skills from each other. Recently, Vera Schluessel at the University of Bonn in Germany and her colleagues have done research on how well 12 bamboo sharks could recognize (认出) different numbers of objects. Each shark was put in a training pool with pictures of two different groups of geometric (几何图形的) shapes projected onto a wall The team then cycled through at least 40 objects of different shapes and shades to ensure the sharks weren’t simply picking up on the darkness of the objects or the area of wall they covered. Around half the sharks learned to reliably press their nose against the image with the most objects, after which they were rewarded with food. These sharks only seemed able to pick out the bigger group if it contained at least two more objects than the smaller one. This may be because the difference between six and seven fish or predators (捕食者) is unimportant in the wild, says Schluessel. The reason not all the sharks learned how to do the task could be that they, like all animals, have differences in intelligence (智力). Sharks join a growing number of animals that have been discovered to have similar skills at distinguishing quantities, including black bears, guppies and rhesus monkeys. In one experiment, dogs and wolves were able to reliably pick the larger of two groups. But dogs could only do so when one of the groups had far more objects. Some shark species are social learners and can perform a task in a tank more quickly if they watch another shark that has already been trained to do it. This challenges the image of sharks as mindless, solitary creatures. Just like humans, sharks learn from their own experiences and failures. And just as we do, sharks can learn from each other’s experiences too, says Catarina Vila Pouca at Macquarie University in Australia. “Being able to learn from others is enormously beneficial. Not only does it save time, but watching another shark’s success at feeding or failure to escape predators could be a matter of life or death.” Schluessel and her colleagues have also previously found that bamboo sharks have an advanced ability to recognize categories , such as snails or fish, enabling them to get a treat even if pictures look remarkably similar. This is similar to our ability to look at a goldfish and a salmon and know that they are the same type of thing, even though one is 30 times the size of the other. 84．What can we learn about the sharks in the recent research? A．They are trained to recognize the shapes. B．They are capable of telling more from less. C．They can identify objects due to the rewards. D．They are no better than dogs in telling numbers. 85．What does the underlined word “solitary” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Selfish. B．Lonely. C．Risky. D．Lazy. 86．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To show how sharks learn from each other. B．To explain how sharks and humans are alike. C．To prove that sharks are smarter than they look. D．To present the importance of numbers for sharks. 【答案】84．B 85．B 86．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究表明，鲨鱼有识别不同数量物体的能力。 84．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Around half the sharks learned to reliably press their nose against the image with the most objects, after which they were rewarded with food. These sharks only seemed able to pick out the bigger group if it contained at least two more objects than the smaller one.(大约一半的鲨鱼学会了将鼻子可靠地贴在物体最多的图像上，之后它们就会得到食物奖励。较多图像这组比较小这组至少多两个图像时，这些鲨鱼似乎才能识别出较大的这组图像)”可知，鲨鱼能够区别出多和少。故选B。 85．词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“Some shark species are social learners and can perform a task in a tank more quickly if they watch another shark that has already been trained to do it. (一些鲨鱼物种是社会学习者，如果它们观察另一条已经接受过训练的鲨鱼，它们可以更快地在水箱中执行任务)”和下文“Just like humans, sharks learn from their own experiences and failures. (就像人类一样，鲨鱼从自己的经历和失败中学习)”可知，鲨鱼是社会学习者，并不是独居生物，它们是有意识的，会从别的已经接受过训练的鲨鱼身上学到一些东西。由此可推知，鲨鱼并不是无意识、孤独的生物，划线单词solitary意为“孤独的”，与B项“Lonely.(孤独的)”意思一样，故选B。 86．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Earlier findings about sharks have shown that they could learn skills from each other. Recently, Vera Schluessel at the University of Bonn in Germany and her colleagues have done research on how well 12 bamboo sharks could recognize (认出) different numbers of objects.(早期关于鲨鱼的研究结果表明，它们可以互相学习技能。最近，德国波恩大学的Vera Schluessel和她的同事对 12 只竹鲨识别不同数量物体的能力进行了研究。)”可知，文章主要介绍了一项新的研究表明，鲨鱼有识别不同数量物体的能力。由此推知，文章的目的是告诉我们鲨鱼有识别不同数量物体的能力，即数字对鲨鱼来说很重要。故选D。 （二十三） （23-24高一上·北京海淀·期末）Sportsmanship is the cornerstone of competitive sports, representing the principles of fair play, respect and honesty. It goes beyond winning and losing, emphasizing the importance of moral behavior, respecting each other, and fellowship. At the heart of sportsmanship lies the concept of fair play. It fosters (培养) a culture of rule-following, fair judgment, and equal opportunities for all participants. Fair play encourages athletes to compete with integrity, showing honesty and accepting the outcomes gracefully. It fosters an environment where cheating, unsportsmanlike and rude behavior are discouraged. By upholding fair play, athletes develop a sense of morality (道德) and a strong character that extends beyond the field of sports. Sportsmanship also includes respect and empathy (共情), creating an environment that encourages understanding and camaraderie. Athletes show respect for opponents, officials, and teammates, recognizing their contributions and valuing their abilities. They appreciate the various backgrounds, skills and perspectives that athletes from different teams bring to the game. Through respect and empathy, sportsmanship bridges gaps, promotes inclusivity and fosters a sense of unity among athletes and fans alike. Sportsmanship is shown by athletes who act as role models, inspiring others with their conduct on and off the field. When athletes display sportsmanship, they send a powerful message to young fans, teaching them the importance of fair play, respect and moral behavior. This positive influence extends to society as a whole, where sportsmanship can shape attitudes, values and behaviors beyond the field of sports. By upholding the principles of sportsmanship, athletes contribute to a healthier, more caring society. Sports organizations, coaches and educators play an important role in promoting sportsmanship. They should foster an environment that encourages fair play, respect and honesty. Emphasizing sportsmanship in training programs and competitions helps athletes develop a strong moral compass,empowering them to make moral choices both in sports and in life. Furthermore, fans and audience should also welcome sportsmanship, creating a positive atmosphere that encourages fair competition and respect for all participants. Sportsmanship is the bedrock of competitive sports, emphasizing the values of fair play and respect. It improves the sporting experience, fosters unity and shapes athletes into responsible and caring individuals. By promoting sportsmanship, we can create a sporting culture where victories are celebrated but fairness, respect and the spirit of the game take center stage. 87．What does the underlined word “camaraderie” mean in Paragraph 3? A．Friendship. B．Leadership. C．Contribution. D．Competition. 88．What are Paragraphs 2 and 3 mainly about? A．How sportsmanship is understood. B．Why sportsmanship is stressed. C．When sportsmanship is shaped. D．Where sportsmanship is treasured. 89．What can be learned from Paragraph 5? A．Athletes should be trained to make moral choices. B．Audience could influence athletes’ performance in sports. C．Promoting sportsmanship requires everyone’s contribution. D．Officials should take a lead in creating a positive atmosphere. 90．What is the best title for this passage? A．Sportsmanship:Advantages of Doing Sports B．Sportsmanship:Spirit of Fair Play and Respect C．Showing Sportsmanship:Qualities of a Good Player D．Teaching Sportsmanship:Values of Honesty and Courage 【答案】87．A 88．A 89．C 90．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了体育精神的内涵，它代表着公平竞争、尊重和诚实的原则。它超越了输赢，强调了道德行为、相互尊重和友谊的重要性。 87．词义猜测题。根据文章第三段“Athletes show respect for opponents, officials, and teammates, recognizing their contributions and valuing their abilities. They appreciate the various backgrounds, skills and perspectives that athletes from different teams bring to the game. (运动员尊重对手、官员和队友，认可他们的贡献并重视他们的能力。他们欣赏来自不同团队的运动员为比赛带来的各种背景、技能和视角)”可知，运动精神使运动员们互相尊重，互相欣赏，这些志同道合的人可以互相理解，并增进友谊，故划线词所在句的意思应为“体育精神还包括尊重和同理心，能够创造一个鼓励理解和友谊的环境”，故划线词与Friendship“友谊”意思相近。故选A项。 88．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“At the heart of sportsmanship lies the concept of fair play.(体育精神的核心是公平竞赛的概念)”和第三段“Sportsmanship also includes respect and empathy, creating an $$