2025年人教版中考英语复习被动语态讲解 课件

[1]. Tom ________ trees now. (plant) [2]. Tom _____ the window yesterday. (break) [3]. More and people __ ______ abroad in the future. (study) [4]. Many people ____________ English all over the word since 2000. (speak) is planting broke will study/are going to have spoken 现在进行时 be +Ving 一般过去时 一般将来时(will/be going to do) 现在完成时(have/has + V过去分词） 英语动词有两种语态： 主动语态 (the Active Voice) 被动语态 (the Passive Voice) A. 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。 B. 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 We planted the tree. The tree was planted by us. We speak English. 主语 谓语 宾语 English is spoken by us. 主语 谓语 宾语 主动语态 被动语态 They clean the classroom every day. 昨天他们打扫了教室。 The classroom is cleaned by them every day. 昨天教室被他们打扫了。 (一)被动语态基本用法: 被动语态由be+V过去分词构成， 时态通过be表现出来，“被”用介词by表示。 be + V过去分词 (二)被动语态的基本结构: 有各种时态的变化 1.规则动词的过去分词： 1)一般情况在动词原形后加-ed watch---watched 2)以不发音e结尾的加-d practice---practiced 3)以辅音加y结尾的，去y变i加-ed study---studied 4)以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加-ed stop---stopped 2.不规则动词的过去分词： am is are was were been have has had do done write written go gone 动词过去分词的变化: (三)主动语态变被动语态: 1.找宾语: 即动作的承受者(改为主语) He washes his car every day. His car 3. 判断新主语的单复数:确定be动词的单复数. 4. 判断动词的时态 : 即be动词的时态. 2. 修改谓语的语态:即be+原V.过去分词 washed 5. 修改原句的主语 :即by +主语(变宾格). (by him) every day. is 1.Tom breaks the window.      The window 2.She breaks the windows.      The windows 3.He cleans the classroom every day.      The classroom is broken by Tom. are broken by her. is cleaned by him be动词的单复数变化: every day. 1 肯定句 主语 + be + 过去分词 + (by…) The classroom is cleaned by them every day. 2 否定句 主语 + be + not +过去分词 + (by…) 3 一般疑问句 Be + 主语 +过去分词 + (by…) The classroom isn’t cleaned by them every day. Is the classroom cleaned by them every day? 4 特殊疑问句 疑问词 + be + 主语 +过去分词 + (by…) When is the classroom cleaned by them? 句型变化 教室被他们每天打扫了。 (四) 被动语态句型: [1]. Trees are planted by Tom every year.(变特殊疑问句) [2]. Tom doesn’t plant trees every year.(变被动) When are trees planted by Tom? Trees aren’t planted by Tom every year. (四)各种时态的被动语态: [1]. Now English ____ by more and more people all over the word. A. speaks B. is spoken C. was spoken 一般现在时的被动语态： 主语+am / is / are + V过去分词 [2]. The lost boy ____ at the street corner last night. A. was found B. is found C. found 一般过去时的被动语态： 主语+was / were + V过去分词 [3]. More man-made satellites（卫星） ____ in the future. A. will send up B. will be sent up C. are sent up 一般将来时的被动语态： 主语+will + be + V过去分词 主语+am/is/are going to + be + V过去分词 [4]. Three bridges ____ since last year. A. have built B. were built C. have been built 现在完成时的被动语态： 主语+have/ has+ been + V过去分词 [5]. Flowers ____ every day. A. was watered B. should be watered C. should water 含有情态动词的被动语态： 情态动词 + be + V过去分词 will+ be + 动词过去分词 1. 一般现在时： 2. 一般过去时： 3. 现在完成时： 4. 一般将来时： 5. 含有情态动词： 歌诀：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面 找一找规律 is / am / are + 动词过去分词 was / were + 动词过去分词 has / have + been + 动词过去分词 情态动词+ be + 动词过去分词 1. They will finish the work in ten days. The work in ten days. will be finished (by them) 2. He has brought his book here. His book has been brought here by him. (五)被动语态的特殊情况: 1. “不及物动词+介词 / 副词”构成的短语动词，变成被动句时，介词或副词不可与其动词拆开或漏掉。如： Our homework was handed in yesterday afternoon. The old are taken good care of in the village. 2. 含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可将主动句中的直接宾语或间接宾语变为被动句中的主语。如果把主动句中的直接宾语(指物)变为被动句中的主语，则需在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词to或for。如： 主动结构： Danny gave me a ticket just now. 被动结构： A ticket was given to me by Danny just now.  (直接宾语作主语,前加适当的介词to或for) I was given a ticket by Danny just now.  (间接宾语作主语) 主动结构： My mother bought me a book yesterday. 被动结构： I was bought a book yesterday by my mother. A book was bought for me yesterday. 主动结构： The teacher teaches the students a song. 被动结构： The students are taught a song by the teacher, A song are taught to the students by the teacher. 3.在主动语态中,make, let, hear, see, watch, notice等词,其后跟省略to的动词不定式(动词原形),在变为被动语态时,必须还原动词不定式符号to.如: 主动语态省略to，被动语态还原to. make sb. do sth. let sb. do sth. be made to do sth. be let to do sth. see sb. do / doing sth be seen to do sth. hear sb. do / doing sth be heard to do sth. We heard him sing this song in the room. 2) The boss made him work 14 hours a day. 3) I see him walk to school. He is seen to walk to school. He was heard to sing this song in the room. He was made to work 14 hours a day. A traffic accident _________(happen) just now. happened 2. 系动词（Link.v.) 如：be, look, seem, feel, sound, smell, taste, get, turn, become… Peking Opera ________ (sound) beautiful. sounds 3. 当此动词表示事物的自然属性的时候: The pen _________ (write) very fast. writes This kind of sweater _______ (sell) well. sells 1. 不及物动词（vi.) 如:happen, take place, appear, disappear, … 不用被动语态的动词： (表示主语的自然属性特征) + 副词 (well/ badly/easily),常见动词： read, write, sell, wash, clean, wear, … The books ____ well． A. were sold B. sell C. have been sold D. are being sold This kind of cloth ____ easily． A. will be washed B. was washed C. washes D. is washed The books sell well. (主动句) The books were sold out. (被动句) 1. Many accidents____ by careless drivers last year. A. are caused B. were caused C. have caused D. will cause 2. An official _____ by some reporters on food problems in Shanghai yesterday. A. is interviewing B. is interviewed C. was interviewing D. was interviewed 3. Today a lot of information can _____ online. A. receive B. be received C. is received D. receiving 4. I’m glad to find that many trees_______ in our city last year. A. plant B. was planted C. were planted D. are planted B D B C 5. Driving after drinking wine in China. A. allows B. doesn't allow C. is allowed D. isn't allowed 6. Don't worry. Your package here until you come back, so enjoy shopping here. A. will keep B. has kept C. will be kept D. has been kept 7. It’s true that Shakespeare’s plays ______ by so many people every year. A. see B. will see C. are seeing D. are seen D C D $$