Unit 3 Food and Culture Reading and Thinking 分层作业-2024-2025学年高二英语人教版选择性必修第二册

Unit 3 Period 1 Reading and Thinking I. 拓展词汇 ①prior adj. 先前的、优先的 n. priority 优先、先前 ②consist vi. 由......组成 adj. consistent 一致的 n. consistence 一致 ③stuff vt.填满；把……塞进　n. 东西；物品→stuffed adj.充满的；饱的 ④elegant adj.精美的；讲究的；文雅的→elegantly adv.精致地；优美地；高雅地→elegance n. 典雅；高雅 ⑤exceptional adj.特别的；罕见的→exception n. 例外；特殊 ⑥minimum adj.最低(限度)的；最小的　n. 最小值；最少量→maximum adj. 最大(限度)的；最大的　n. 最大值；最大量 ⑦consume vt. 吃；喝；饮；消耗→consumer n. 消费者；顾客→consumption n. 消费；消耗 ⑧temper n. 脾气、火气 adj. good-tempered 好脾气的 adj. bad-tempered 坏脾气的 Ⅱ. 短语背诵 1. prior to　在……之前的 2. consist of 由……组成(或构成) 3. slice...off 切下 4. on the other hand 另一方面 5. lamb kebab 烤羊肉串 6. junk food 垃圾食品 7. in point 恰当的；实际上的 8. at a minimum 至少 9. go hand in hand 密切相关；齐头并进 10. have a hot temper 脾气暴躁 I. 单句语法填空 1. Consumer (consume) spending on sports-related items amounted to ￡9.75 billion. 2. All the arrangements should have been completed prior to our departure. 3. The boxes belonging to him are/were stuffed (stuff) with books. 4. He sliced the top off his finger while he was cutting vegetables. 5. He has met the standard of being an exceptional (exception) president. 6. Passengers may only take aboard the aircraft a minimum of hand luggage. 7. Truly elegant (elegance)chopsticks might be made of gold or silver with Chinese characters. 8. The newspaper has been one of the most consistent (consist) critics ever of the government. 9. I believe that we must move hand in hand in solving the problem of environmental pollution to create a bright future. 10. Women are more likely to give priority (prior) to child care and education policies. II.语法填空 With more than 2,000 coloured sculptures and 45,000 square metres of murals, Mogao Caves continue 1 (attract) people throughout the world. Recently, the Dunhuang Academy and Tencent 2 (team) up to launch a series of cartoons about the grottoes to help people better understand the cultural relics. The cartoons adapted from the murals stories consist 3 five parts, each running less than five minutes. Visitors can watch them on 4 mini-programme on the social media platform WeChat. With this 5 (create) idea, Dunhuang culture is not 6 (complete) mysterious any more. In addition to the popular cartoon series, some other cultural productions 7 (list) in the Yunyou Dunhuang programme also include a VR cave exploration and an interactive game of colouring murals. These 8 (activity) will let more common people, especially young people, get involved in the interaction and development of the traditional culture, 9 will be given sustainable vitality. Dunhuang will always offer great 10 (please) to people around the world. 【答案与解析】 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。近日，敦煌研究院和腾讯联手推出了一系列关于石窟的动画，以帮助人们更好地了解这些文物。文章介绍了这一活动的特色和重要意义。 1. to attract　考查非谓语动词。此处表示“继续做某事”，短语为continue to do sth。故填to attract。 2. have teamed　考查动词的时态。根据上文的Recently可知，应用现在完成时；主语为the Dunhuang Academy and Tencent，助动词用have。故填have teamed。 3. of　考查介词。此处表示“由……组成”，短语为consist of。故填of。 4. a　考查冠词。mini­programme为可数名词，此处表泛指，应用不定冠词修饰，且mini­programme的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。 5. creative　考查形容词。修饰后文名词idea，作定语，应用形容词。故填creative。 6. completely　考查副词。修饰后文形容词mysterious，应用副词，作状语。故填completely。 7. listed　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，list在句中应用非谓语动词形式，且与逻辑主语cultural productions 构成被动关系，应用过去分词作定语。故填listed。 8. activities　考查名词的数。activity为可数名词，由these修饰，应用复数形式。故填activities。 9. which　考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰上文整个句子，从句中缺少主语，应用关系代词which引导，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。 10. pleasure　考查名词。此处应用名词作offer的宾语，pleasure表示“乐趣”，是抽象概念，为不可数名词。故填pleasure。 I. 阅读理解 The clock is ticking. David Brunelli has just swallowed a huge burger. The crowd cheers excitedly as he downs fistfuls of fries. Welcome to the world of competitive eating. Brunelli is part of a select group who compete to eat massive quantities of food as quickly as possible. Eating contests may seem like harmless fun, but they have a dark side and some critics are saying it’s time for them to stop. Pouring crazy amounts of food down our throats is nothing new.Gorging banquets (狼吞虎咽宴会) were a regular part of ancient Roman culture. In the 1800s, some New York City politicians settled bets through eating challenges. Pie－eating contests have been a Fourth of July tradition for more than a century. For supporters like Brunelli, though, eating contests are more than a custom. They are a path to fortune. But prize money does nothing to reduce the health risks of competitive eating. Competitive eating can even be life­threatening. In 1991, a man in Virginia suffered a stroke(中风) after eating 38 eggs in 29 seconds; in Florida, in 2012, a man died shortly after winning an eating contest, leading a group of doctors to call for a ban on eating contests. In any event, the risk to competitors is only part of the story. Nearly two­thirds of Americans are overweight, and competitive eating sets a terrible example by encouraging overeating. And in a world where 805 million people go hungry every day, downing ridiculous quantities of food for entertainment seems not just wasteful but also cruel. For now, though, it seems eating contests are here to stay. Last year, more than three million viewers watched Nathan’s Famous Hot Dog Eating Contest on TV. This year, Matt Stonie ate 182 pieces of bacon in 5 minutes, breaking the world record. What record will be broken next? Do you really want to find out? 1. What does the author try to express in Paragraph 4? A. Competitive eating is a tradition. B. It’s great to learn from ancient people. C. Competitive eating should be accepted. D. It’s exciting to challenge others to eat. 2. Why does Brunelli take part in the eating contest? A. For food. B. For fun. C. For honor. D. For money. 3. What are the examples given in Paragraph 6 used to show? A. Eating contests use unhealthy food. B. Eating contests waste too much food. C. Eating contests put competitors at risk. D. Eating contests set a bad example to kids. 4. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. The author hopes to break the record. B. The author is eager to know the result. C. The author wants readers to find out the result. D. The author disapproves of competitive eating. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章介绍了竞争性饮食的世界。作者认为竞争性饮食是一种传统，但他不赞成竞争性饮食。 【答案与解析】　　 1. A 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Gorging banquets (狼吞虎咽宴会) were a regular part of...for more than a century.”可推知，作者试图在第四段中表达“竞争性饮食是一种传统”。故选A。 2. D 细节理解题。根据第五段“For supporters like Brunelli... are a path to fortune.”可知，Brunelli为了钱而参加饮食比赛。故选D。 3. C 推理判断题。根据第六段第一、二句“But prize money does nothing to reduce...can even be life­threatening.”可知，第六段中所举的例子用来说明饮食竞赛会使竞争者处于危险之中。故选C。 4. D 推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“For now, though, it seems eating contests are here to stay.”和最后两句“What record will be broken next? Do you really want to find out？”可以推断出，作者不赞成竞争性饮食。故选D。 II. 七选五 How to Avoid Overeating Near everyone has overindulged (放纵) in good food at least once and has experienced the resulting abdominal discomfort. 1 They can impair your ability to focus on your work and other everyday tasks. Unfortunately putting life on hold because you’re paying the price for your indulgences isn’t an option. There are several ways you can relieve the symptoms and recover from overeating. 2 While you might want to save yourself for your big lunch, it’s wiser to have a light healthy breakfast so you’re not tempted to eat more than you should when the big meal arrives. Start with water. Instead of tucking into a heavy starter, down a tall glass of water. 3 Listen to your stomach. Frequently asking yourself “Am I full?” can sometimes immediately put things into perspective. Often times, we mindlessly eat without paying attention to what our bodies are trying to tell us. 4 But they ignore the messages their bodies are sending. Slow down. 5 Slowing down and taking time to focus on the food itself (how it tastes, its temperature, etc), however, can sometimes help calm the desire to overeat. This type of mindful eating has become a well－known technique for easing overconsumption, suggested by physicians, celebrities and chefs alike. So next time you find yourself feeling a little overstuffed, keep these points in mind so that it doesn't become a bigger problem. A. Don’t starve yourself. B. Pig out your breakfast. C. Overeating involves consuming food very quickly. D. This will help you feel full and stop you overeating. E. It will cause pain, gas, indigestion and other symptoms. F. Lay off the food for a while, but go ahead and drink water. G. Overeaters typically keep consuming long after their stomachs are full. 【答案与解析】 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。由于暴饮暴食而导致的腹部不适会引起腹部疼痛、胀气、消化不良和其他症状，也会削弱你专注于工作和其他日常任务的能力。文章提出了几种可以避免暴饮暴食的方法。 1. E　根据上下一句可知，此处应描述腹部不适的症状，因此E项符合文意，起到承上启下的作用。 2. A　本空位于小标题的位置，结合其他小标题特点可知，此处应是动词原形开头的祈使句式，本段的主旨是：不要为了一顿大餐而刻意让自己很饿，而是要适当吃健康的早餐，这样才不会让自己吃得过多。因此A项符合本段主旨，适合作本段的小标题。 3. D　根据本段小标题“Start with water.”以及空前一句“Instead of tucking into a heavy starter, down a tall glass of water.”可知，本段建议在饭前喝水，这对防止过度饮食有帮助，D项符合文意。 4. G　根据空前和空后内容可知，有时候暴饮暴食是因为我们没有意识到身体发出的信号。G项承上启下，符合文意。 5. C　根据本段小标题“Slow down.”及下文可知，本段介绍的方法是饮食时要慢下来，不要太快进食，因此C项适合放在本段段首，引出本段内容。 Ⅲ.完形填空 Shamatt had just arrived in Las Vegas when he realised his wallet was gone. It contained $60, his bank card, and his identification (身份证明) card. He was 1 , but it was his sister’s wedding weekend and he didn’t want to make a big deal of it. He thought maybe he lost it on his plane from Omaha to Vegas, so he called the 2 . He had no luck. “I thought it was 3 forever,” he said. Following the wedding, he headed to the airport to fly home but was 4 about boarding the plane without ID. After an hour­long interview, Shamatt was finally 5 onto the plane. The following day, a package (包裹) arrived at his home which contained his wallet— 6 intact (完好的) —with a note that said, “I rounded your cash up to an even $100 7 you could celebrate getting your wallet back. Have fun！” “No way, no way,” Shamatt remembered saying upon 8 the note. “That can’t be.” “Everybody was so 9 ; none of us could believe it,” Shamatt’s mother said. “It was really amazing.” Shamatt wanted to thank the 10 stranger, so he posted a picture of the note on Facebook with a message asking for help 11 the stranger. It got thousands of likes and shares. 12 , the man in question was identified as Todd Brown. Shamatt wrote Brown a letter: “Sir, I really 13 what you’ve done. I never expected to see my wallet again, let alone with $40 more. Thank you so much. I’ve got student loans (贷款) and it really makes a(n) 14 .” Brown was 15 by how meaningful his act had been to the Shamatt family. “He told me he cried when I told him everything that happened,” Shamatt said. 1. A. bored B. unhappy C. tired D. afraid 2. A. airline B. police C. station D. family 3. A. taken B. gone C. damaged D. wasted 4. A. wrong B. serious C. angry D. worried 5. A. ordered B. invited C. allowed D. advised 6. A. partly B. probably C. hardly D. perfectly 7. A. if B. as C. but D. so 8. A. sending B. reading C. writing D. leaving 9. A. proud B. surprised C. nervous D. careful 10. A. rich B. brave C. patient D. kind 11. A. finding B. visiting C. protecting D. interviewing 12. A. Firstly B. Suddenly C. Finally D. Naturally 13. A. support B. appreciate C. doubt D. consider 14. A. difference B. mistake C. choice D. excuse 15. A. attracted B. frightened C. touched D. encouraged 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Shamatt丢失了钱包，没想到的是，钱包不仅被好心人寄了回来，而且钱包里面的钱还多了。 1. B 由上文的描述可知，Shamatt的钱包不见了。再结合下文中的“but it was his sister’s wedding weekend and he didn’t want to make a big deal of it”可推断，Shamatt有些“沮丧(unhappy)”。 2. A 由本句中的“He thought maybe he lost it on his plane from Omaha to Vegas”可知，他给“航空公司(airline)”打了个电话。 3. B 由上文的描述以及下文中的“I never expected to see my wallet again, let alone with $40 more.”可知，Shamatt心想自己的钱包永远也“找不回来了(gone)”。 4. D 由第一段可知， Shamatt丢失了钱包，里面有他的身份证。故此处表示他很“担心(worried)”自己没有身份证不能登机。 5. C 由本句中的“After an hour­long interview”以及下文的描述可知，经过长达一个小时的面谈，Shamatt最终被“允许(allow)”登机。 6. D 由语境可知，有人将Shamatt的钱包寄了回来，钱包完好无损，perfectly符合语境。 7. D Shamatt的钱包里原来有60美元的现金，寄包裹的人把他钱包里的现金增添到了100美元并邮递给他，希望“这样(so)”Shamatt可以庆祝成功找回了钱包。 8. B 由上文可知，Shamatt收到一个包裹，里面有他的钱包，还有一张便条。此处表示他“读(read)”了便条，觉得简直不可思议。 9. B 由后一句中的“none of us could believe it”可知，所有人都很“惊讶(surprised)”。 10. D 由上文可知，Shamatt的钱包不仅失而复得，而且钱包里面的钱还多了。因此，Shamatt想感谢那位“好心(kind)”人。 11. A 由上文可知，Shamatt将便条的照片发布到Facebook上，希望大家能帮忙“找到(find)”那位好心人。 12. C 由上文中的“It got thousands of likes and shares.”以及下文中的“Shamatt wrote Brown a letter”可知，“最终(finally)”，Shamatt找到了那位好心人。 13. B 由上文的描述以及下文中的“Thank you so much.”可知，Shamatt非常“感激(appreciate)”Brown先生。 14. A 由本句中的“I’ve got student loans”以及下文中的“how meaningful his act had been to the Shamatt family”可知，对Shamatt来说，Brown先生所做的一切很重要，故填difference。make a difference意为“有影响”。 15. C 由下文中的“he cried”可知，Brown先生得知自己的所作所为对Shamatt一家来说意义重大，他也很受“感动(touched)”。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 3 Period 1 Reading and Thinking I. 拓展词汇 ①__________ adj. 先前的、优先的 n. __________ 优先、先前 ②__________ vi. 由......组成 adj. __________ 一致的 n. __________ 一致 ③__________ vt.填满；把……塞进　n. 东西；物品→__________ adj.充满的；饱的 ④__________ adj.精美的；讲究的；文雅的→__________ adv.精致地；优美地；高雅地→__________ n. 典雅；高雅 ⑤__________ adj.特别的；罕见的→__________ n. 例外；特殊 ⑥__________ adj.最低(限度)的；最小的　n. 最小值；最少量→__________ adj. 最大(限度)的；最大的　n. 最大值；最大量 ⑦__________ vt. 吃；喝；饮；消耗→__________ n. 消费者；顾客→__________ n. 消费；消耗 ⑧__________ n. 脾气、火气 adj. __________ 好脾气的 adj. __________ 坏脾气的 Ⅱ. 短语背诵 1. ____________　在……之前的 2. ____________ 由……组成(或构成) 3. ____________ 切下 4. ____________ 另一方面 5. ____________ 烤羊肉串 6. ____________ 垃圾食品 7. ____________ 恰当的；实际上的 8. ____________ 至少 9. ____________ 密切相关；齐头并进 10. ____________ 脾气暴躁 I. 单句语法填空 1. __________ (consume) spending on sports-related items amounted to ￡9.75 billion. 2. All the arrangements should have been completed prior __________ our departure. 3. The boxes belonging to him __________ (stuff) with books. 4. He sliced the top __________ his finger while he was cutting vegetables. 5. He has met the standard of being an __________ (exception) president. 6. Passengers may only take aboard the aircraft a minimum __________ hand luggage. 7. Truly __________ (elegance)chopsticks might be made of gold or silver with Chinese characters. 8. The newspaper has been one of the most __________ (consist) critics ever of the government. 9. I believe that we must move hand __________ hand in solving the problem of environmental pollution to create a bright future. 10. Women are more likely to give __________ (prior) to child care and education policies. II.语法填空 With more than 2,000 coloured sculptures and 45,000 square metres of murals, Mogao Caves continue 1 (attract) people throughout the world. Recently, the Dunhuang Academy and Tencent 2 (team) up to launch a series of cartoons about the grottoes to help people better understand the cultural relics. The cartoons adapted from the murals stories consist 3 five parts, each running less than five minutes. Visitors can watch them on 4 mini-programme on the social media platform WeChat. With this 5 (create) idea, Dunhuang culture is not 6 (complete) mysterious any more. In addition to the popular cartoon series, some other cultural productions 7 (list) in the Yunyou Dunhuang programme also include a VR cave exploration and an interactive game of colouring murals. These 8 (activity) will let more common people, especially young people, get involved in the interaction and development of the traditional culture, 9 will be given sustainable vitality. Dunhuang will always offer great 10 (please) to people around the world. I. 阅读理解 The clock is ticking. David Brunelli has just swallowed a huge burger. The crowd cheers excitedly as he downs fistfuls of fries. Welcome to the world of competitive eating. Brunelli is part of a select group who compete to eat massive quantities of food as quickly as possible. Eating contests may seem like harmless fun, but they have a dark side and some critics are saying it’s time for them to stop. Pouring crazy amounts of food down our throats is nothing new.Gorging banquets (狼吞虎咽宴会) were a regular part of ancient Roman culture. In the 1800s, some New York City politicians settled bets through eating challenges. Pie－eating contests have been a Fourth of July tradition for more than a century. For supporters like Brunelli, though, eating contests are more than a custom. They are a path to fortune. But prize money does nothing to reduce the health risks of competitive eating. Competitive eating can even be life­threatening. In 1991, a man in Virginia suffered a stroke(中风) after eating 38 eggs in 29 seconds; in Florida, in 2012, a man died shortly after winning an eating contest, leading a group of doctors to call for a ban on eating contests. In any event, the risk to competitors is only part of the story. Nearly two­thirds of Americans are overweight, and competitive eating sets a terrible example by encouraging overeating. And in a world where 805 million people go hungry every day, downing ridiculous quantities of food for entertainment seems not just wasteful but also cruel. For now, though, it seems eating contests are here to stay. Last year, more than three million viewers watched Nathan’s Famous Hot Dog Eating Contest on TV. This year, Matt Stonie ate 182 pieces of bacon in 5 minutes, breaking the world record. What record will be broken next? Do you really want to find out? II. 七选五 How to Avoid Overeating Near everyone has overindulged (放纵) in good food at least once and has experienced the resulting abdominal discomfort. 1 They can impair your ability to focus on your work and other everyday tasks. Unfortunately putting life on hold because you’re paying the price for your indulgences isn’t an option. There are several ways you can relieve the symptoms and recover from overeating. 2 While you might want to save yourself for your big lunch, it’s wiser to have a light healthy breakfast so you’re not tempted to eat more than you should when the big meal arrives. Start with water. Instead of tucking into a heavy starter, down a tall glass of water. 3 Listen to your stomach. Frequently asking yourself “Am I full?” can sometimes immediately put things into perspective. Often times, we mindlessly eat without paying attention to what our bodies are trying to tell us. 4 But they ignore the messages their bodies are sending. Slow down. 5 Slowing down and taking time to focus on the food itself (how it tastes, its temperature, etc), however, can sometimes help calm the desire to overeat. This type of mindful eating has become a well－known technique for easing overconsumption, suggested by physicians, celebrities and chefs alike. So next time you find yourself feeling a little overstuffed, keep these points in mind so that it doesn't become a bigger problem. A. Don’t starve yourself. B. Pig out your breakfast. C. Overeating involves consuming food very quickly. D. This will help you feel full and stop you overeating. E. It will cause pain, gas, indigestion and other symptoms. F. Lay off the food for a while, but go ahead and drink water. G. Overeaters typically keep consuming long after their stomachs are full. Ⅲ.完形填空 Shamatt had just arrived in Las Vegas when he realised his wallet was gone. It contained $60, his bank card, and his identification (身份证明) card. He was 1 , but it was his sister’s wedding weekend and he didn’t want to make a big deal of it. He thought maybe he lost it on his plane from Omaha to Vegas, so he called the 2 . He had no luck. “I thought it was 3 forever,” he said. Following the wedding, he headed to the airport to fly home but was 4 about boarding the plane without ID. After an hour­long interview, Shamatt was finally 5 onto the plane. The following day, a package (包裹) arrived at his home which contained his wallet— 6 intact (完好的) —with a note that said, “I rounded your cash up to an even $100 7 you could celebrate getting your wallet back. Have fun！” “No way, no way,” Shamatt remembered saying upon 8 the note. “That can’t be.” “Everybody was so 9 ; none of us could believe it,” Shamatt’s mother said. “It was really amazing.” Shamatt wanted to thank the 10 stranger, so he posted a picture of the note on Facebook with a message asking for help 11 the stranger. It got thousands of likes and shares. 12 , the man in question was identified as Todd Brown. Shamatt wrote Brown a letter: “Sir, I really 13 what you’ve done. I never expected to see my wallet again, let alone with $40 more. Thank you so much. I’ve got student loans (贷款) and it really makes a(n) 14 .” Brown was 15 by how meaningful his act had been to the Shamatt family. “He told me he cried when I told him everything that happened,” Shamatt said. 1. A. bored B. unhappy C. tired D. afraid 2. A. airline B. police C. station D. family 3. A. taken B. gone C. damaged D. wasted 4. A. wrong B. serious C. angry D. worried 5. A. ordered B. invited C. allowed D. advised 6. A. partly B. probably C. hardly D. perfectly 7. A. if B. as C. but D. so 8. A. sending B. reading C. writing D. leaving 9. A. proud B. surprised C. nervous D. careful 10. A. rich B. brave C. patient D. kind 11. A. finding B. visiting C. protecting D. interviewing 12. A. Firstly B. Suddenly C. Finally D. Naturally 13. A. support B. appreciate C. doubt D. consider 14. A. difference B. mistake C. choice D. excuse 15. A. attracted B. frightened C. touched D. encouraged 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$