【春考特训课】第10讲： 句子还原六选四之三维度快读巧解 -【决胜春季高考】2025年春季高考英语冲刺总复习（上海专用）

第10讲： 句子还原六选四之三维度快读巧解 知识梳理 演练 【考情链接】 六选四阅读文章一般以说明文和议论文为主，选文逻辑严密、结构严谨，突出对篇章结构的整体理解，侧重考查学生的逻辑思维能力。设空题型分布以段中为主，段首和段尾为辅，以考查上下文逻辑关系为主，考查段落主题句为辅，间或考查段属的结论概括性语句。六个备选项意义都与文章内容相关，有一定的干扰迷惑性。试题主要依据句子在上下文中衔接情况来命制，衔接手段分为三种：结构衔接、逻辑衔接、词汇衔接。 【要点梳理】 句子衔接手段分为三种：结构衔接、逻辑衔接、词汇衔接。可按这几个原则判断空格与选项是否匹配。 1、结构衔接——根据空格的位置判断 1）若空格句出现在段首，则通常是段落主题句。 这句往往是对下面整个段落内容的概括和总结，反映整个段落的主旨和大意认真阅。读后文内容，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找相关特征词。关注每段首尾句，了解大意知主题。 【例题】(2024杨浦一模) A. There’ll still be times when old thoughts cause sadness, or you’re anxious about what’s next. B. The usefulness of nostalgia seems to vary with age. C. Today we have a much more positive attitude to nostalgia. D. You’ll get faster at finding it, and add extra layers of detail each time. E. The answer lies in connecting with your past and future selves. F. But there’s also a growing body of research into time travel “the other way”. (70) _______________________ But the more you learn to control your memory, the better you’ll be at mining your past, and shaping your future, to be your best self now. 2）若空格句在段尾，则多属总结本段内容的总结句或引出下一段内容的过渡句。 A：在选项中看能否找到对前文整段的总结句。如果在段尾提出主题，会用一些信号词如转折词引出来，正确答案中应有这样的特征词。段尾通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。 B：与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接。认真阅读下一段开头几句，看是否与选项的最后一句紧密连接起来。分析与前文是转折或是对比关系。此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折、对比的关联词，同时注意选项中所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立、对比关系。如果第一段的段尾是空白，要认真阅读，看此处是细节还是主题。通常文章第一段要提出文章的主题。 【例题】(2024黄埔一模) A. Do I even want them? On whose clock? B. Why should you challenge that secret timeline of milestones in your head? C. This time, quitting her job led to her first album, television appearances and sold-out shows. D. Instead of feeling pressure to hit life events on someone else’s timeline, maybe it’s fine to make our own. E. People are feeling like they’re falling behind, when in fact they’re probably doing exactly what they should. F. She spent years feeling like an outsider and failure as she watched her peers rise in school and work, figuring she’d never catch up. “You go to college right out of high school. That’s the rule, right?” says Nikki Ivey, a sales trainer and consultant outside Jacksonville, Fla. However, it’s not the case for her. Actually, she got her undergraduate degree at 28. __67__ 【例题】(2024虹口一模) Most of us do multitasking almost daily. But it’s time to change that. Your attention is already being pulled in millions of directions daily, so you really don’t need to add multitasking to the list. Let’s take the smartphone for example. On average you check your phone 110 times a day — that means you’re spending 23 days every year glued to your smartphone! How productive do you think that makes you? ___47___. But it’s hard to let go of these habits because you’ve conditioned your brain to send misleading signals to your body. Research has shown that when you multitask “successfully”, you activate the reward mechanism in your brain that releases dopamine, the happy hormone. A. Focus on the one thing you are doing. B. Habits like these which encourage you to multitask make you mentally exhausted and unproductive. C. Make sure that you also take breaks in your monotasking, because that' s what helps your brain to stay focused. D. So it’s a win-win for everyone! E. The little information we do take in when we' re multitasking is more difficult to remember at a later stage. F. You feel so good that you believe you’re being effective and further encourages your multitasking habit. 3）若空格句在段中，则需根据空格前后的句子内容及逻辑关系来确定答案。 【例题】(2024长宁一模) A. It will not be long before he’s back in prison again. B. We’re all relieved that the criminal is being punished for his misdeeds. C. Community service is likely to turn prisoners into better persons. D. Offenders are tried and sentenced according to the legal system. E. The threat of another spell in jail will stop him from breaking the law again. F. Put the money into supporting deprived areas which are the grounds for crime. But what happens next? We all hope the prisoner will benefit from society’s retribution. A spell (一阵子) in prison will reform him and make him a better person. We all hope he’ll reform and become like us. We all hope that when he is eventually released, he will be a good character. 68 But, let’s face it. The reality is usually very different. The prisoner may be released on parole (假释)before the end of his sentence. He will try to re-enter society. But then he often becomes a victim himself, unable to find work and is rejected by society. 2、逻辑衔接——根据前后文逻辑关系判断 1）因果关系 (Eg: As a result/ thus/therefore/so (such)…) 因果关系主要指前后的句子有着原因和结果之间的关系，这种关系往往说明了前因后果或者前果后因等情况。2） 转折关系 (Eg: However/nevertheless/nonetheless/though/yet/in spite of/on the contrary /in contrast /by contrast/ in comparison/otherwise/not...but) 转折关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句构成逆转逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的逆转，则空格处很有可能是个转折逻辑的句子。 3）并列关系 (Eg: first/second/third/to begin with/to conclude) 并列关系主要指前后的句子间是平等的关系，可以互换位置。 4）递进关系 (Eg: also/ furthermore/ similarly/ moreover/ in addition/what’s more） 递进关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句是一种顺承逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的层进关系，则空格处很有可能是个递进的句子。 5） 例证关系 (Eg: such as /for examples/One of the examples is …) 前后句的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式多样，但就其本质而言无非是思维上的形象（例子、类比等）和抽象（观点）的辩证关系，用到的思维过程无非就是基本的归纳（从例子到观点）和推理（从观点到例子）。 【例题】(2024徐汇一模) In Los Angeles in 2015, only 33 percent of youths lived within walking distance of a park, according to the L.A. Neighborhood Land Trust. Lower-income neighborhoods tend to have the fewest public play spaces, despite often having a high population density. ___70___ A. Moving more may not prevent a child from becoming overweight, but studies show clearly that it helps both physical and mental health. B. And although rural areas have more undeveloped outdoor space, they often lack playgrounds, tracks and exercise facilities C. A lack of safe places for them to play outside the home also contributes to kids obesity. D. It also suggested prescribing weight-loss drugs to children 12 and older and surgery to teens 13 and older. E. Increased screen time and changing norms around letting kids play outdoors are unsupervised. F. They have significant side effects for both kids and adults. 3、词汇衔接——从词汇关系上判断 1）代词 英语表达中代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用无非是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。例如it可指代单数名词或整个句子；they或them指代复数名词；one指代单数可数名词；that指代不可数名词或句子；this指代单数名词或句子;these 或those指代前句的复数名词。 2）词汇复现/同义词/反义词 英语前言后语之间往往有同义词、近义词、近义表达语甚至相同词汇的重复使用，这是我们解题的一个很好的判断线索。其实就其本质而言，上文讲的代词和下文将涉及的上下义词和同一范畴词都是特殊的同义/近义词。 3）同一范畴词（上下义词） 上下义词和同一范畴词就是前者包含了后者，或可以说后者是前者的一个子集。利用前后句中这样的特殊的同义关系常常可以很轻松地解题。你可以在选项中找到与此词汇最接近的词，从而达到快而准。一般来说，上下文中词汇联系越接近，上下文的衔接关系越紧密。 【例题】(2024闵行一模) ____48____ One respondent believes there is no true emotional bonding without smelling a loved one. Infants recognize their mothers’ odours soon after birth. Individuals were able to distinguish by the smell alone clothing worn by their partners from similar clothing worn by other people. A. Odours are also essential signals in social bonding. B. Besides, odours are granted different cultural values. C. Human’s perception of smell facilitates the spread of human culture. D. Our noses can perceive odours present in extremely small quantities. E. Many respondents noted many of their olfactory likes and dislikes were based on emotional links. F. Some respondents’ preference for a particular odour was influenced by emotional associations. 课堂精练 演练 一、读懂段意定两头——段首、段尾题 (1) 挖空在段首，常是主题句或承上启下句 假如挖空出现在段首，通常为主题句。要认真阅读空后内容，根据段落一致性原则，推断出主题句。若不是主题句，则考虑是承上启下句。 (2) 挖空在段尾，常是结论句或承上启下句 挖空出现在段尾，通常是所在段的结论和概括。解题时注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结的关联词（如：therefore, as a result, thus, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word）或句子；挖空在段尾的空格可以起到承上启下的作用，即通过空格把本段与下一段有机地结合起来。这时，我们不光要看空格前面的句子，对于下一段的内容也要特别关注。(段首类的承上启下句同样适用此法) 例1： _____49_____ “If animals become accustomed to tourists and if tourism practices enhance this taming, we might create unintended consequences - affecting the behavior or population of a species and influencing the species’ function in its community,” the researchers write. A. As animals learn to relax in the presence of humans, they may become bolder in other situations. F. Interacting with people can cause great change in the characteristics of various species over time. 例2： If Harry Potter and Huckleberry Finn were each to represent British versus American children’s literature, a curious situation would emerge : In a literary competition for the hearts and minds of children, one is a wizard(巫师)- in - training at a boarding school in the Scottish Highlands, while the other is a barefoot boy drifting down the Mississippi, bothered by cheats, slave hunters, and thieves. One defeats evil with a magic stick, the other takes to a raft(筏)to right a social wrong. ___67___ A. It all goes back to each country’s distinct cultural heritage. F. Both orphans took over the world of children’s literature, but their stories unfold in noticeable different ways. 例3： Do you prefer to watch TV or listen to the radio? There was a time when some people thought moving pictures would spell the end of tuning into the radio for entertainment and information. But radio survived and boomed. 67.____________ Perhaps the growth in podcasting is not surprising-it offers a digital audio file that can be downloaded and stored for listening at any time. It can also be streamed from the internet and played on a computer or MP3 player. And it’s not just broadcasters, like the BBC, who are producing podcasts: now commercial broadcasters, individuals and companies with no connection to broadcasting are making them. In fact, anyone with something to say, and a few pounds to spend on the equipment, can get involved. C. And now, despite the growth in smartphones offering high-definition pictures, the popularity of podcasts is booming. E. Podcasts offer a chance to speak to a very precise selection of people. 二、细辨关系定中间——段中题 一般说来，文章的行文通常需要一定的衔接手段来实现，而该题型的衔接手段主要有以下两种渠道： 一是词汇线索，二是行文逻辑。 (1) 从词汇线索上判断 词汇线索主要包括代词和词汇复现两种情况。 a. 代词 英语表达中，代词出现的频率极高。代词主要用于指代前面提到的人或物，有时也是为了区别前面提到的名词或概念。巧妙利用这样的指代关系及差异可以准确而快速地解题。 例: A fresh lemon can be purchased for less than $1. But in 2008, Cowan's Auctions in Cincinnati sold a lemon blackened with age for $2,350. What was so special about this lemon? 67 According to a handwritten note in ink attached to a partly sealed bottle containing the lemon, the fruit was picked in May 1842 by Washington's "old gardener" some 43 years after the first president's death C. It was said to be from a tree planted by George Washington at Mount Vernon. D. The auction result surely drew the attention from both the business and economics worlds. b. 词汇复现 作者在文章中会对同一个概念重复描述，从而使得同样的意思在文章不同的地方重复出现。词汇复现可以指相同词汇的重复使用、同义词和近义词的复现以及同一范畴词汇的复现。解题时可以利用这些词作为解题线索。 例: 69.________ Do they choose to rob? Do they sit at home and wait? What happens to people who rely on their cellphones to process money dealings when cell service and the Internet are interrupted? A world affected by terrorism and increasingly violent weather may not yet be ready to abandon currency." D. Clearing up cash payments has several advantages as well. E. However, some people doubt what members of a cashless society will do when the power goes off. (2) 从行文逻辑上判断 英语行文离不开逻辑关系，一篇没有逻辑的文章只能是一盘散沙。逻辑关系主要包括：并列关系、递进关系、因果关系、转折或对比关系等。 a. 并列关系 表示并列关系的词有：first(ly), second(ly) ...; first, then/next ...; in the first place, in the second place ...; for one thing, for another (thing) ...; to begin with, to conclude 等标志性词语，则表明前后两句是逻辑上的并列关系，空格处很有可能是个并列的句子。 b. 递进关系 递进关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句是一种顺承逻辑关系。表示递进关系的词有：too, also, besides, further, furthermore, moreover, apart from, what's more, in addition, as well, to make matters worse, not ...but ..., not only ...but also等。 c. 因果关系 表示因果关系的词有：so/therefore, thus, hence, consequently (结果), as a result , for that reason, so/such ...that ...，so that ...等。 d. 转折或对比关系 表示转折或对比关系的词有：but, however, yet, while/though, or/otherwise, on the contrary, instead, nevertheless (然而), in contrast/by comparison 等。 e. 表示解释关系 表示解释关系的词有：in other words, in fact, as a mater of fact, for example, for instance, that is to say等； 例1: In order to finish projects, you must also plan out the steps you will take. Break your big task into smaller ones, and give yourself a short-term deadline for each of them. ___48___. C. Whatever it is, if you don't know what your goal is, you're not likely to reach it. E. Then commit to following your plan to the end. 例2: However , there is a negative side to boxing. It is likely to threaten personal safety of people. Although boxers wear gloves during the fights , and amateur boxers even have to wear helmets , there have frequently been accident in both professional and amateur boxing , sometimes with dramatic consequences . Boxers have suffered from head injuries , and occasionally , fighters have even been killed as a result of being knocked out in the ring. ___49___ Sometimes even if a boxer has never been knocked out, he might have suffered severe brain damage without knowing it. D. Professional boxers are much more at risk than their amateur counterparts. E. Furthermore , studies have shown that there are often long-term effects of boxing 例3: This unequal distribution indicates a situation of severe food injustice in South Africa. Yet from the research with it’s clear that people do not know of the right to food, and don’t see unequal access to nutritious food as an injustice. ______68_____While there are frequent protests around access to jobs, education, housing, water and electricity, we rarely, if ever, see protests about access to food. A. As a result, questions of hunger are largely absent in South African politics. B. Handling food injustice requires a transformation of the undesirable structure of the food system. 例4: Your personal circumstances are equally important. For example, you may want to be a Pilot but can’t become one because your eyesight is not good enough. 70 You should reassess your goals, and motivate yourself to set a fresh goal. A. This can affect your work. C. However, this should not discourage you. 例5: 68. ________For instance, the printing and handling of money is expensive. Cash payments can be anonymous (匿名的) and it is hard to track criminal activities conducted in secret. Many governments favor reducing cash dealings in order to better monitor and understand the activities of their citizens. The Swedish government has been discussing the removing of cash since 2010. A. There's no waiting for it and no counting of cash. D. Clearing up cash payments has several advantages as well. 课后反馈 演练 （2024年奉贤区二模） Rain Collection What do you like to do on a rainy day —sit inside and listen to the pitter-patter on the roof or splash outside and feel the cold drops on your face? Whatever you choose, rain is vitally essential in the nature. ____47____ It fills rivers and lakes, slowly sinks into the earth, nourishes our plants, and keeps the land alive and beautiful. In the past, people obtained their water from rain, wells, or nearby rivers. Now, many of us live in places where water is piped in, sometimes from far away. Removing so much water from nature and sending it to great distances harm the living things that also need that water. As climate change heats up the planet and causes extreme weather, more places face water shortages. ____48____ . One easy place to look for more water is the sky! Humans have collected rain since ancient times. ____49____. They are tapping into this clean and rich source of water provided by nature. By harvesting the rain we can reduce the amount of water we take from rivers and out of the ground. Even in dry climates, there is a lot of potential rainwater that can be effectively harvested and utilized. This rich yet often overlooked resource has the potential to significantly contribute to water conservation efforts, especially in regions facing water shortages. Just one inch of rain falling on a medium-sized house produces over 600 gallons of water.____50____. Nowadays, rainwater is still used as a primary supply in many places in the world, like Vietnam and Hawaii. In places with piped-in water, rainwater is not commonly used, but this is changing. Rainwater harvesting is getting more popular since it’s easy to do and helps create water security. A. Large roofs can, hence, collect greater amount of water. B. Rainwater can also be used for fountains and ponds. C. We all deeply depend on the nourishment of rain. D. To secure future water supply, we need new sources. E. Now, many people are returning to this practice. F. Rainwater is clean but it gets dirty from the roof. （2024年黄浦区二模） Antarctic Tourism: Should We Just Say No? More people are visiting Antarctic, the frozen continent than ever before. ___67___ This has brought a new urgency to the question of how much, if any, tourism should be allowed on the icy continent. The distance most visitors travel to reach Antarctica makes carbon emissions a serious problem. ___68___ One study calculated that each tourist between 2016 and 2020 was effectively melting around 83 tonnes of snow, due largely to emissions from vacation ships. ___69___ The Antarctic Treaty, established in 1961 to provide governance for the continent, operates on a consultative basis, which means all 56 parties have to agree before a change can be put into action. The last major decision on tourism was a measure passed in 2009 that prohibits vacation ships carrying more than 500 passengers from making landings. That regulation has still not officially been carried out as not every signatory country has accepted it domestically. There is clear agreement that something needs to change, but no agreement on what those changes should be. ___70___ A. The number of visitors hit 100,000 for the first time this tourist season, a 40% jump over the previous record. B. The Antarctic is at risk not just because of the breakability of its environment, but due to the lack of a single governing body. C. Should landings be made at a larger number of sites for instance or should we aim to keep the human footprint as small as possible? D. If what you really want is to connect with snow and ice and you’re in the northern half, can you catch a train to the nearest snow region instead? E. The average per-person carbon emissions for an Antarctic tourist are 3.76 tonnes – about the total sum that an individual typically generates in an entire year. F. There is so little regulation now that almost anything that will protect the areas by an official legal source rather than self-regulated would be really positive. 【上海市黄浦区敬业中学2024-2025学年高三上学期10月月考】 Magazine Articles: More Valuable Than You May Think Parents are often surprised when teachers suggest their children read magazines. They feel their kids’ reading abilities have been underestimated. ___47___ Magazine articles can provide reluctant readers with a lively writing style that can inspire them to read more. ___48___ So a child can finish reading an article without losing interest due to a short attention span (持续时间) . The writing in magazines also tends to be easy to read, especially if it is a children’s publication. By allowing children to read magazines at an early age, parents are encouraging development of a useful skill. Magazines and newspapers provide adults with critical news. Getting into the habit of reading magazines as a child will develop the lifelong habit of reading news articles. ___49___ Magazine articles challenge students to think about issues they may have never considered or cause them to rethink their world view. Information is available in a wide variety of reading levels because magazines are written for every audience imaginable. Many publications cover the same material in different writing styles that might make it easier for your child to comprehend. When reading magazines together, family members get to learn about each other’s interest. ___50___ Once each family member has finished reading each magazine, parents can even design art and writing projects for the whole family to work on. All in all, magazines are valuable for many people, but in particular to children. The skills that they use and strengthen when reading magazines can be applied to further study. Encouraging children to read magazines could change them from a reluctant reader to a lover of reading. A. Reading magazines enables children to be exposed to various subjects. B. Instead, it is necessary to introduce their kids to a wide range of books as well as magazines. C. The benefits of reading magazine articles can be achieved through school activities. D. Children can pass a magazine on to a brother or sister when they finish reading it. E. However, reading magazines offers many benefits to young readers. F. The articles in magazines are generally short. 【上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学2024-2025学年高三上学期10月月考】 The economic cost of extreme heat The Acropolis (古希腊城市的卫城) has stood above the city of Athens for centuries, its ancient walls and pillars withstanding war, siege (包围) and conquest. But as temperatures reached 40℃ across southern Europe this month, Greece’s top tourist attraction briefly fell victim to extreme heat. The Cerberus heatwave-named after the three-headed dog who guarded the gates to hell in Greek mythology — has shone a spotlight on just how vulnerable the Mediterranean’s huge tourism industry is to the heatwaves that are becoming increasingly common in Europe. ____47____. Industries ranging from construction, to manufacturing, agriculture, transport and insurance are all bracing for changes to the way they do business as high-temperature days become more routine because of climate change. Scientists are clear that extreme weather events, including heatwaves, will become more frequent and intense with every fraction of a degree of warming. Business leaders and policymaker are now counting the cost of shuttered companies and decreased productivity. ____48____. “Extreme heat is pulling down our growth,” says Kathy Baughman McLeod, director of the Adrinenne Arsht-Rockefeller Foundation Resilience Center, “the ranways are buckling (变形), metros are closing, restaurants have to shut down because the kitchen staff are too hot.” But those costs are likely to spiral in coming decades as economies reorient themselves for peak seasons of ever more extreme heat, to mitigate (减轻) against the risks and disruption they will bring. “Extreme heat is one of the very serious consequences of climate change” says Dan Jorgensen, Denmark’s climate minister.” The very tragic news is that this is probably only going to get worse.” One of the main reasons that extreme heat poses an economic threat is because it makes it harder to work. ____49____ In hot conditions, human beings typically “work slower, we take on more risk, our cognitive function decreases”, says Laura Kent of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. A study by the International Labour Organization (ILO), the UN agency for workers, projected that by 2030,the equivalent of more than 2 per cent of total working hours worldwide would be lost every year, either because it is too hot to work or because workers have to work at a slower pace. Yet few countries have a maximum temperature for work must stop. In the UK, for example, where extreme heat has not historically been a problem, there is only a recommended threshold for stopping work in cold, not hot, temperatures. The poorest and least able to cope are often hit hardest by extreme heat — with productivity losses often concentrated in jobs where wages tend to be lower than average. Outdoor workers-especially those in agriculture or construction — are particularly at risk of death, injuries, sickness and reduced productivity because of heat exposure, according to the ILO. ____50____. Many such facilities are situated in the global south, where peak temperatures are even more extreme and dangerous. A. Officials shut the site for several hours during the hottest parts of the day, after holidaymakers queueing to enter required medical attention. B. High temperatures go hard in hand with low productivity. C. But the economic impact of what experts warn could be a new era of record-breaking heat goes far beyond tourism. D. But those working inside factories and workshops without air conditioning are also at increasing risk as intense heatwaves become more frequent E. The impact of extreme heat on workers has become an issue of human rights. F. A study published by academics at Dartmouth last year found that heatwaves, brought on by human-caused climate change, cost the global economy an estimated $16tn over a 21-year period from the 1990s. 【2023年1月上海高考英语真题】 A. Before you stock up at cafe , know that it is possible to drink too much coffee. B. Coffee has its advantages and disadvantages according to different people. C. Researchers found that caffeine , particularly coffee , had a protective effect against depression. D. So by all means , grab that extra cup of coffee , but be sure to limit your intake. E.The mood-boosting news doesn't stop there. F. To sum up, more researchers should be done to clarify the relation between caffeine and depression. If you needed another excuse to grab another cup of coffee, consider this research a blessing to do so. A comprehensive analysis of 12 studies looked at nearly 350,000 individuals and more than 8 .000 cases of depression. (67)__________ In China, researchers analyzed 15 studies with more than 330 ,000 total participants. Their results showed that for every cup of coffee people drank, they reduced their risk of depression by 8 percent. (68)______________ Harvard researchers studied 10 years’ worth of data from 51 ,000 women ,none of whom had depression to begin with, The results showed that the women who drank the most coffee ( four or more cups a day) were 20 percent less likely to develop depression than those who drank little or none. Yes, coffee just got more magical than you thought possible. But why is this? The secret is in the brew's anti-inflammatory properties. Coffee contains chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, and caffeic acid, all of which reduce the inflammation of nerve cells that bring on depression. Caffeine also has some antioxidant properties, which can help soothe inflamed areas of the brain. (69) _________Some side effects of a heavy caffeine intake include anxiety , headaches.brain.restlessness, and increased blood pressure. Ir the body experiences these too often, it could actually trigger the inflammation that may contribute to depression. Once the caffeine wears off, coffee drinkers may experience a drop in mood, and those who are already depressed can feel those effects more strongly. One interesting study found that drinking more coffee decreased chances of suicide , until participants drank eight or more cups a day. Then the risk increased by 58 percent. (70)__________If you have some leftover, here are surprising ways to use those spare coffee grounds. 【2022年1月上海高考英语真题】 A.However,this is not the case when libraries lend e-books. B. This may not be a big issue now, for e-books are minor in publishing. C. Also, publishers assume get more profits from libraries where readers pay them more. D. Publishing contracts often don't specify whether and how much authors receive for e-books sales or for e-lending. E. Extension alone would do little if the current funds under the schemes were merely re-distributed from books to e-books. F. For this reason, authors and publishers have been talking the Government into extending the Lending Rights Schemes to e-books. Should Writers Be Paid for Their E-books Lent by Libraries? When libraries lend books to the public, authors and publishers receive remuneration from the Government under the Lending Rights schemes. (67 )________________________ Is this fair? This year, the government has distributed almost a $ 22 million under these Public Lending Rights and Educational Lending Rights Schemes. For each book in public library collections creators receive $ 2.1l and publishers receive $ 0.52. The amount that each claimant receives is often not very significant, with the majority of authors receiving between S 100-500 annually, Still, a previous study has revealed that this remuneration constitutes the second most important source of income for creators from their creative work.. E-books, however, are not covered by these Lending Rights schemes. (68)____________ But e-book lending is increasing and, according to the Australian Library and Information Association, e-books are likely to reach 20% of library holdings by 2020. Also, most, if not all, self-published titles are done so in digital format only. Such self-published titles , if lent by libraries ,would not qualify for any remuneration. (69) _____________ Although the Book Industry Collaborative Council made such proposal already in a report of 2013 , nothing has happened of yet. One of the main reasons why e-books are not covered is that e-book lending is quite different from print book lending. In case of print books, authors and publishers are arguably losing on customers and revenues when libraries loan their books for free.Creators only receive $2. 11 and publishers receive $0. 52 for each book in public library collections. At present, in the case of -books, many publishers chose not to sell these books to libraries.( 70)_______ While publishers charge libraries high prices for e-books, writers complain that these amounts do not reach them. Publishing contracts often don't specify whether and how much authors receive for e-books sales or for e-lending. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！第 1 页 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第10讲： 句子还原六选四之三维度快读巧解 知识梳理 演练 【考情链接】 六选四阅读文章一般以说明文和议论文为主，选文逻辑严密、结构严谨，突出对篇章结构的整体理解，侧重考查学生的逻辑思维能力。设空题型分布以段中为主，段首和段尾为辅，以考查上下文逻辑关系为主，考查段落主题句为辅，间或考查段属的结论概括性语句。六个备选项意义都与文章内容相关，有一定的干扰迷惑性。试题主要依据句子在上下文中衔接情况来命制，衔接手段分为三种：结构衔接、逻辑衔接、词汇衔接。 【要点梳理】 句子衔接手段分为三种：结构衔接、逻辑衔接、词汇衔接。可按这几个原则判断空格与选项是否匹配。 1、结构衔接——根据空格的位置判断 1）若空格句出现在段首，则通常是段落主题句。 这句往往是对下面整个段落内容的概括和总结，反映整个段落的主旨和大意认真阅。读后文内容，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找相关特征词。关注每段首尾句，了解大意知主题。 【例题】(2024杨浦一模) A. There’ll still be times when old thoughts cause sadness, or you’re anxious about what’s next. B. The usefulness of nostalgia seems to vary with age. C. Today we have a much more positive attitude to nostalgia. D. You’ll get faster at finding it, and add extra layers of detail each time. E. The answer lies in connecting with your past and future selves. F. But there’s also a growing body of research into time travel “the other way”. (70) _______________________ But the more you learn to control your memory, the better you’ll be at mining your past, and shaping your future, to be your best self now. 【答案】 A 【解析】空格处位于本段段首，应引出下文；根据下文“But the more you learn to control your memory, the better you’ll be at mining your past, and shaping your future, to be your best self now.(但是你越是学会控制你的记忆，你就能更好地挖掘你的过去并塑造你的未来，成为现在最好的自己)”可知，空格处应描述利用记忆的过程中会遇到的的困难；选项A. There’ll still be times when old thoughts cause sadness, or you’re anxious about what’s next.(有时旧的想法仍然会引起悲伤，或者你会对接下来会发生什么感到焦虑)描述了利用记忆的过程中遇到的困难。故选A。仍然会有一些旧思绪带来悲伤，或者你会对接下来会发生什么感到焦虑。这一句提到了在利用记忆的过程中可能遇到的困难，即旧思绪引起的悲伤和对未来的焦虑。因此，A选项与文章的内容和语境相符。 2）若空格句在段尾，则多属总结本段内容的总结句或引出下一段内容的过渡句。 A：在选项中看能否找到对前文整段的总结句。如果在段尾提出主题，会用一些信号词如转折词引出来，正确答案中应有这样的特征词。段尾通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。 B：与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接。认真阅读下一段开头几句，看是否与选项的最后一句紧密连接起来。分析与前文是转折或是对比关系。此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折、对比的关联词，同时注意选项中所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立、对比关系。如果第一段的段尾是空白，要认真阅读，看此处是细节还是主题。通常文章第一段要提出文章的主题。 【例题】(2024黄埔一模) A. Do I even want them? On whose clock? B. Why should you challenge that secret timeline of milestones in your head? C. This time, quitting her job led to her first album, television appearances and sold-out shows. D. Instead of feeling pressure to hit life events on someone else’s timeline, maybe it’s fine to make our own. E. People are feeling like they’re falling behind, when in fact they’re probably doing exactly what they should. F. She spent years feeling like an outsider and failure as she watched her peers rise in school and work, figuring she’d never catch up. “You go to college right out of high school. That’s the rule, right?” says Nikki Ivey, a sales trainer and consultant outside Jacksonville, Fla. However, it’s not the case for her. Actually, she got her undergraduate degree at 28. __67__ 【答案】 67.F 【67题详解】前文““You go to college right out of high school. That’s the rule, right?” says Nikki Ivey, a sales trainer and consultant outside Jacksonville, Fla, However, it’s not the case for her. Actually, she got her undergraduate degree at 28. (佛罗里达州杰克逊维尔市的销售培训师兼顾问尼基·艾维说，“高中一毕业就去上大学。这是规则，对吧?”。然而，她的情况并非如此。事实上，她28岁才拿到了本科学位。)”提到了她没有像大多数人一样顺利，F项(多年来，当她看着同龄人在学校和工作中奋起直追时，她感觉自己是个局外人，是个失败者。想着她永远追不上。)承接上文，说明她求学和工作的不容易。故选F项。 【例题】(2024虹口一模) Most of us do multitasking almost daily. But it’s time to change that. Your attention is already being pulled in millions of directions daily, so you really don’t need to add multitasking to the list. Let’s take the smartphone for example. On average you check your phone 110 times a day — that means you’re spending 23 days every year glued to your smartphone! How productive do you think that makes you? ___47___. But it’s hard to let go of these habits because you’ve conditioned your brain to send misleading signals to your body. Research has shown that when you multitask “successfully”, you activate the reward mechanism in your brain that releases dopamine, the happy hormone. A. Focus on the one thing you are doing. B. Habits like these which encourage you to multitask make you mentally exhausted and unproductive. C. Make sure that you also take breaks in your monotasking, because that' s what helps your brain to stay focused. D. So it’s a win-win for everyone! E. The little information we do take in when we' re multitasking is more difficult to remember at a later stage. F. You feel so good that you believe you’re being effective and further encourages your multitasking habit. 【答案】47. B 【解析】前文“Most of us do multitasking almost daily. But it’s time to change that. Your attention is already being pulled in millions of directions daily, so you really don’t need to add multitasking to the list. (我们大多数人几乎每天都要同时处理多项任务。但现在是时候改变这种状况了。你的注意力已经被每天数以百万计的方向所吸引，所以你真的不需要在列表中添加多任务处理。)”以及下文“Research has shown that when you multitask “successfully”, you activate the reward mechanism in your brain that releases dopamine, the happy hormone.(研究表明，当你“成功地”完成多项任务时，你会激活大脑中的奖励机制，释放多巴胺，一种快乐激素。)”说明大脑释放的快乐多巴胺让你感觉很好，认为自己很有效率，鼓励这种一心多用的习惯。B项“像这样的习惯会让你一心多用，使你精神疲惫，效率低下。 故选B。 3）若空格句在段中，则需根据空格前后的句子内容及逻辑关系来确定答案。 【例题】(2024长宁一模) A. It will not be long before he’s back in prison again. B. We’re all relieved that the criminal is being punished for his misdeeds. C. Community service is likely to turn prisoners into better persons. D. Offenders are tried and sentenced according to the legal system. E. The threat of another spell in jail will stop him from breaking the law again. F. Put the money into supporting deprived areas which are the grounds for crime. But what happens next? We all hope the prisoner will benefit from society’s retribution. A spell (一阵子) in prison will reform him and make him a better person. We all hope he’ll reform and become like us. We all hope that when he is eventually released, he will be a good character. 68 But, let’s face it. The reality is usually very different. The prisoner may be released on parole (假释)before the end of his sentence. He will try to re-enter society. But then he often becomes a victim himself, unable to find work and is rejected by society. 【答案】 E 【68题详解】 前文“We all hope the prisoner will benefit from society’s retribution. A spell (一阵子) in prison will reform him and make him a better person. We all hope he’ll reform and become like us. We all hope that when he is eventually released, he will be a good character. (我们都希望犯人能从社会的惩罚中获益。在监狱里呆一段时间会改造他，使他成为一个更好的人。我们都希望他会改过自新，变得像我们一样。我们都希望当他最终被释放时，他会是一个好人)”描述人们对被惩罚过的罪犯的美好期待，后文“But, let’s face it. The reality is usually very different. (但是，让我们面对现实吧。现实通常是截然不同的)”说明实际情况并非如人们所期待的那样。因此E项“The threat of another spell in jail will stop him from breaking the law again. (再次入狱的威胁会阻止他再次违法)”符合语境，同样是人们的美好期待，承接前文，和后文形成转折。故选E。 2、逻辑衔接——根据前后文逻辑关系判断 1）因果关系 (Eg: As a result/ thus/therefore/so (such)…) 因果关系主要指前后的句子有着原因和结果之间的关系，这种关系往往说明了前因后果或者前果后因等情况。 2） 转折关系 (Eg: However/nevertheless/nonetheless/though/yet/in spite of/on the contrary /in contrast /by contrast/ in comparison/otherwise/not...but) 转折关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句构成逆转逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的逆转，则空格处很有可能是个转折逻辑的句子。 3）并列关系 (Eg: first/second/third/to begin with/to conclude) 并列关系主要指前后的句子间是平等的关系，可以互换位置。 4）递进关系 (Eg: also/ furthermore/ similarly/ moreover/ in addition/what’s more） 递进关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句是一种顺承逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的层进关系，则空格处很有可能是个递进的句子。 5） 例证关系 (Eg: such as /for examples/One of the examples is …) 前后句的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式多样，但就其本质而言无非是思维上的形象（例子、类比等）和抽象（观点）的辩证关系，用到的思维过程无非就是基本的归纳（从例子到观点）和推理（从观点到例子）。 【例题】(2024徐汇一模) In Los Angeles in 2015, only 33 percent of youths lived within walking distance of a park, according to the L.A. Neighborhood Land Trust. Lower-income neighborhoods tend to have the fewest public play spaces, despite often having a high population density. ___70___ A. Moving more may not prevent a child from becoming overweight, but studies show clearly that it helps both physical and mental health. B. And although rural areas have more undeveloped outdoor space, they often lack playgrounds, tracks and exercise facilities C. A lack of safe places for them to play outside the home also contributes to kids obesity. D. It also suggested prescribing weight-loss drugs to children 12 and older and surgery to teens 13 and older. E. Increased screen time and changing norms around letting kids play outdoors are unsupervised. F. They have significant side effects for both kids and adults. 【答案】 70. B 【解析】根据上一段末“and a lack of safe places for them to play outside the home(他们在家以外的范围缺乏安全的玩耍场所)”以及本段中“In Los Angeles in 2015, only 33 percent of youths lived within walking distance of a park, according to the L.A. Neighborhood Land Trust. Lower-income neighborhoods tend to have the fewest public play spaces, despite often having a high population density.(根据洛杉矶社区土地信托的数据，2015年，洛杉矶只有33%的年轻人住在步行可达的公园内。低收入社区往往拥有最少的公共游戏空间，尽管那里的人口密度通常很高)”可知，本段是对上一段提到的“孩子们在家以外的范围缺乏安全的玩耍场所”举例说明，B项“尽管农村地区有更多未开发的户外空间，但他们往往缺乏操场、跑道和锻炼设施”符合语境，故选B。 3、词汇衔接——从词汇关系上判断 1）代词 英语表达中代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用无非是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。例如it可指代单数名词或整个句子；they或them指代复数名词；one指代单数可数名词；that指代不可数名词或句子；this指代单数名词或句子;these 或those指代前句的复数名词。 2）词汇复现/同义词/反义词 英语前言后语之间往往有同义词、近义词、近义表达语甚至相同词汇的重复使用，这是我们解题的一个很好的判断线索。其实就其本质而言，上文讲的代词和下文将涉及的上下义词和同一范畴词都是特殊的同义/近义词。 3）同一范畴词（上下义词） 上下义词和同一范畴词就是前者包含了后者，或可以说后者是前者的一个子集。利用前后句中这样的特殊的同义关系常常可以很轻松地解题。你可以在选项中找到与此词汇最接近的词，从而达到快而准。一般来说，上下文中词汇联系越接近，上下文的衔接关系越紧密。 【例题】(2024闵行一模) ____48____ One respondent believes there is no true emotional bonding without smelling a loved one. Infants recognize their mothers’ odours soon after birth. Individuals were able to distinguish by the smell alone clothing worn by their partners from similar clothing worn by other people. A. Odours are also essential signals in social bonding. B. Besides, odours are granted different cultural values. C. Human’s perception of smell facilitates the spread of human culture. D. Our noses can perceive odours present in extremely small quantities. E. Many respondents noted many of their olfactory likes and dislikes were based on emotional links. F. Some respondents’ preference for a particular odour was influenced by emotional associations. 【答案】 48. A 【48题详解】 根据后文“One respondent believes there is no true emotional bonding without smelling a loved one. Infants recognize their mothers’ odours soon after birth. Individuals were able to distinguish by the smell alone clothing worn by their partners from similar clothing worn by other people.(一位受访者认为，如果没有闻到爱人的气味， 就没有真正的情感联系。婴儿在出生后不久就能认出母亲的气味。个体仅凭气味就能分辨出伴侣穿的衣服和其他人穿的相似的衣服)”可知，本段的主旨是气味可以帮助人分辨社会关系。故A选项“气味也是社会关系的重要信号”符合语境，故选A。 课堂精练 演练 一、读懂段意定两头——段首、段尾题 (1) 挖空在段首，常是主题句或承上启下句 假如挖空出现在段首，通常为主题句。要认真阅读空后内容，根据段落一致性原则，推断出主题句。若不是主题句，则考虑是承上启下句。 (2) 挖空在段尾，常是结论句或承上启下句 挖空出现在段尾，通常是所在段的结论和概括。解题时注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结的关联词（如：therefore, as a result, thus, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word）或句子；挖空在段尾的空格可以起到承上启下的作用，即通过空格把本段与下一段有机地结合起来。这时，我们不光要看空格前面的句子，对于下一段的内容也要特别关注。(段首类的承上启下句同样适用此法) 例1： _____49_____ “If animals become accustomed to tourists and if tourism practices enhance this taming, we might create unintended consequences - affecting the behavior or population of a species and influencing the species’ function in its community,” the researchers write. A. As animals learn to relax in the presence of humans, they may become bolder in other situations. F. Interacting with people can cause great change in the characteristics of various species over time. 分析：根据设空位置可知，该空应填本段的段落主旨句。根据后面的“we might create unintended consequences - affecting the behavior or population of a species and influencing the species’ function in its community,”可知，本段主要谈论与人类互动行为对动物的影响”，故选F。 例2： If Harry Potter and Huckleberry Finn were each to represent British versus American children’s literature, a curious situation would emerge : In a literary competition for the hearts and minds of children, one is a wizard(巫师)- in - training at a boarding school in the Scottish Highlands, while the other is a barefoot boy drifting down the Mississippi, bothered by cheats, slave hunters, and thieves. One defeats evil with a magic stick, the other takes to a raft(筏)to right a social wrong. ___67___ A. It all goes back to each country’s distinct cultural heritage. F. Both orphans took over the world of children’s literature, but their stories unfold in noticeable different ways. 分析：本空位于段落最后，可推测应该是对前文叙述的总结。空格前面描述了英国和美国的儿童文学的代表作品中的主人公的事迹，此处承接前文语意，对前两种故事的展开方式予以评价，故选F项“两个孤儿都接管了儿童文学的世界，但是他们的故事以明显不同的方式展开”。 例3： Do you prefer to watch TV or listen to the radio? There was a time when some people thought moving pictures would spell the end of tuning into the radio for entertainment and information. But radio survived and boomed. 67.____________ Perhaps the growth in podcasting is not surprising-it offers a digital audio file that can be downloaded and stored for listening at any time. It can also be streamed from the internet and played on a computer or MP3 player. And it’s not just broadcasters, like the BBC, who are producing podcasts: now commercial broadcasters, individuals and companies with no connection to broadcasting are making them. In fact, anyone with something to say, and a few pounds to spend on the equipment, can get involved. C. And now, despite the growth in smartphones offering high-definition pictures, the popularity of podcasts is booming. E. Podcasts offer a chance to speak to a very precise selection of people. 分析：本题为段尾题。本句起承上启下的作用，设空所在段提到“有一段时期，一些人认为动画的出现会导致以收音机为娱乐和获取信息的方式的终结。但是收音机幸存了下来，并火了起来。”空后下一段说“或许，播客的增长在意料之中”故选C。 二、细辨关系定中间——段中题 一般说来，文章的行文通常需要一定的衔接手段来实现，而该题型的衔接手段主要有以下两种渠道： 一是词汇线索，二是行文逻辑。 (1) 从词汇线索上判断 词汇线索主要包括代词和词汇复现两种情况。 a. 代词 英语表达中，代词出现的频率极高。代词主要用于指代前面提到的人或物，有时也是为了区别前面提到的名词或概念。巧妙利用这样的指代关系及差异可以准确而快速地解题。 例: A fresh lemon can be purchased for less than $1. But in 2008, Cowan's Auctions in Cincinnati sold a lemon blackened with age for $2,350. What was so special about this lemon? 67 According to a handwritten note in ink attached to a partly sealed bottle containing the lemon, the fruit was picked in May 1842 by Washington's "old gardener" some 43 years after the first president's death C. It was said to be from a tree planted by George Washington at Mount Vernon. D. The auction result surely drew the attention from both the business and economics worlds. 分析：本题可利用代词作为解题线索。根据“What was so special about this lemon?”可知，此段主要讲述了被拍卖的柠檬特殊在哪里。C选项中的代词“it”指代前面提到的“this lemon”，故选C。 b. 词汇复现 作者在文章中会对同一个概念重复描述，从而使得同样的意思在文章不同的地方重复出现。词汇复现可以指相同词汇的重复使用、同义词和近义词的复现以及同一范畴词汇的复现。解题时可以利用这些词作为解题线索。 例: 69.________ Do they choose to rob? Do they sit at home and wait? What happens to people who rely on their cellphones to process money dealings when cell service and the Internet are interrupted? A world affected by terrorism and increasingly violent weather may not yet be ready to abandon currency." D. Clearing up cash payments has several advantages as well. E. However, some people doubt what members of a cashless society will do when the power goes off. 分析：本题可利用词汇复现作为解题线索。本段最后一句中的“abandon currency”与E项中a cashless society相呼应，故选E。 (2) 从行文逻辑上判断 英语行文离不开逻辑关系，一篇没有逻辑的文章只能是一盘散沙。逻辑关系主要包括：并列关系、递进关系、因果关系、转折或对比关系等。 a. 并列关系 表示并列关系的词有：first(ly), second(ly) ...; first, then/next ...; in the first place, in the second place ...; for one thing, for another (thing) ...; to begin with, to conclude 等标志性词语，则表明前后两句是逻辑上的并列关系，空格处很有可能是个并列的句子。 b. 递进关系 递进关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句是一种顺承逻辑关系。表示递进关系的词有：too, also, besides, further, furthermore, moreover, apart from, what's more, in addition, as well, to make matters worse, not ...but ..., not only ...but also等。 c. 因果关系 表示因果关系的词有：so/therefore, thus, hence, consequently (结果), as a result , for that reason, so/such ...that ...，so that ...等。 d. 转折或对比关系 表示转折或对比关系的词有：but, however, yet, while/though, or/otherwise, on the contrary, instead, nevertheless (然而), in contrast/by comparison 等。 e. 表示解释关系 表示解释关系的词有：in other words, in fact, as a mater of fact, for example, for instance, that is to say等； 例1: In order to finish projects, you must also plan out the steps you will take. Break your big task into smaller ones, and give yourself a short-term deadline for each of them. ___48___. C. Whatever it is, if you don't know what your goal is, you're not likely to reach it. E. Then commit to following your plan to the end. 分析：本题可利用并列关系解题。本段主要讲述了要完成项目应该如何有步骤地去做，这里是按照顺序排列，此处应该是第三条，与E项Then… following your plan to the end”相呼应，故选E。 例2: However , there is a negative side to boxing. It is likely to threaten personal safety of people. Although boxers wear gloves during the fights , and amateur boxers even have to wear helmets , there have frequently been accident in both professional and amateur boxing , sometimes with dramatic consequences . Boxers have suffered from head injuries , and occasionally , fighters have even been killed as a result of being knocked out in the ring. ___49___ Sometimes even if a boxer has never been knocked out, he might have suffered severe brain damage without knowing it. D. Professional boxers are much more at risk than their amateur counterparts. E. Furthermore , studies have shown that there are often long-term effects of boxing 分析：本题可利用递进关系解题。本段是总分结构，空前和空后均说明了拳击带来的负面影响，故空格处也不例外应该继续说明拳击的负面影响，故选E。 例3: This unequal distribution indicates a situation of severe food injustice in South Africa. Yet from the research with it’s clear that people do not know of the right to food, and don’t see unequal access to nutritious food as an injustice. ______68_____While there are frequent protests around access to jobs, education, housing, water and electricity, we rarely, if ever, see protests about access to food. A. As a result, questions of hunger are largely absent in South African politics. B. Handling food injustice requires a transformation of the undesirable structure of the food system. 分析：本题可利用因果关系解题。空格前两句讲述了：“在南非，食物的不均衡分配反映了食物极度不公的现象。然而，对城市农民的调查发现，人们对食物的权益并不了解，并不认为不能平等地获得有营养的食物是一种不公平”；与A项“As a result, questions of hunger are largely absent in South African politics.”相呼应。故选A. 例4: Your personal circumstances are equally important. For example, you may want to be a Pilot but can’t become one because your eyesight is not good enough. 70 You should reassess your goals, and motivate yourself to set a fresh goal. A. This can affect your work. C. However, this should not discourage you. 分析：本题可利用转折关系解题。空格前列举了你想成为一名飞行员，但是，你的视力不够好导致你不能成为飞行员的例子；空格后又用了you should 句式表示建议，使结果峰回路转，所以此处空格的感情色彩应与下一句相呼应，故选C。 例5: 68. ________For instance, the printing and handling of money is expensive. Cash payments can be anonymous (匿名的) and it is hard to track criminal activities conducted in secret. Many governments favor reducing cash dealings in order to better monitor and understand the activities of their citizens. The Swedish government has been discussing the removing of cash since 2010. A. There's no waiting for it and no counting of cash. D. Clearing up cash payments has several advantages as well. 分析：本题可利用解释关系解题。本空格后由for instance引出无现金支付的2个比较优势，与D项“Clearing up cash payments has several advantages”相呼应，故选D。 课后反馈 演练 （2024年奉贤区二模） Rain Collection What do you like to do on a rainy day —sit inside and listen to the pitter-patter on the roof or splash outside and feel the cold drops on your face? Whatever you choose, rain is vitally essential in the nature. ____47____ It fills rivers and lakes, slowly sinks into the earth, nourishes our plants, and keeps the land alive and beautiful. In the past, people obtained their water from rain, wells, or nearby rivers. Now, many of us live in places where water is piped in, sometimes from far away. Removing so much water from nature and sending it to great distances harm the living things that also need that water. As climate change heats up the planet and causes extreme weather, more places face water shortages. ____48____ . One easy place to look for more water is the sky! Humans have collected rain since ancient times. ____49____. They are tapping into this clean and rich source of water provided by nature. By harvesting the rain we can reduce the amount of water we take from rivers and out of the ground. Even in dry climates, there is a lot of potential rainwater that can be effectively harvested and utilized. This rich yet often overlooked resource has the potential to significantly contribute to water conservation efforts, especially in regions facing water shortages. Just one inch of rain falling on a medium-sized house produces over 600 gallons of water.____50____. Nowadays, rainwater is still used as a primary supply in many places in the world, like Vietnam and Hawaii. In places with piped-in water, rainwater is not commonly used, but this is changing. Rainwater harvesting is getting more popular since it’s easy to do and helps create water security. A. Large roofs can, hence, collect greater amount of water. B. Rainwater can also be used for fountains and ponds. C. We all deeply depend on the nourishment of rain. D. To secure future water supply, we need new sources. E. Now, many people are returning to this practice. F. Rainwater is clean but it gets dirty from the roof. 【答案】47. C 48. D 49. E 50. A 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了在水资源短缺的地区可以通过雨水收集来获得水资源。 【47题详解】 上段最后一句“Whatever you choose, rain is vitally essential in the nature.(无论你选择什么，雨在大自然中都是必不可少的)”描述雨水对于大自然的重要性，空后“It fills rivers and lakes, slowly sinks into the earth, nourishes our plants, and keeps the land alive and beautiful.(它填满河流和湖泊，慢慢地渗入土壤，滋养我们的植物，保持土地的生机和美丽)”具体展开说明雨水的用途，C选项“我们都深深依赖雨的滋养”概括下文，符合语境。故选C。 【48题详解】 空前“As climate change heats up the planet and causes extreme weather, more places face water shortages.(随着气候变化使地球变暖并导致极端天气，越来越多的地方面临水资源短缺)”表明缺水的现象越来越多，空后“One easy place to look for more water is the sky!(一个容易找到更多水的地方是天空)”为提出了一个找到水的方案，D选项“为了保证未来的水供应，我们需要新的水源”引出下文从天空中找水资源的方法，且为第二段说明的取水方法之外的方法，new sources此处符合语境。故选D。 【49题详解】 空前“Humans have collected rain since ancient times.(自古以来，人类就开始收集雨水)”表示人们自古以来就收集雨水，空后“They are tapping into this clean and rich source of water provided by nature. By harvesting the rain we can reduce the amount of water we take from rivers and out of the ground.(他们正在利用大自然提供的这种清洁而丰富的水源。通过收集雨水，我们可以减少从河流和地下取水的数量)”表明人们正在收集雨水取水及这样做的好处，E选项“现在，许多人又回到了这种做法”中return to与前文since ancient times呼应，this practice指代前文收集雨水的做法。故选E。 【50题详解】 前文“Just one inch of rain falling on a medium-sized house produces over 600 gallons of water.(一英寸的雨水落在一座中等大小的房子上，就会产生600加仑的水)”具体举例子说明一个中等大小的房子能获得多少水，A选项“因此，大屋顶可以收集更多的水”与前一句产生对比，表示大屋子可以收集更多的水。故选A。 （2024年黄浦区二模） Antarctic Tourism: Should We Just Say No? More people are visiting Antarctic, the frozen continent than ever before. ___67___ This has brought a new urgency to the question of how much, if any, tourism should be allowed on the icy continent. The distance most visitors travel to reach Antarctica makes carbon emissions a serious problem. ___68___ One study calculated that each tourist between 2016 and 2020 was effectively melting around 83 tonnes of snow, due largely to emissions from vacation ships. ___69___ The Antarctic Treaty, established in 1961 to provide governance for the continent, operates on a consultative basis, which means all 56 parties have to agree before a change can be put into action. The last major decision on tourism was a measure passed in 2009 that prohibits vacation ships carrying more than 500 passengers from making landings. That regulation has still not officially been carried out as not every signatory country has accepted it domestically. There is clear agreement that something needs to change, but no agreement on what those changes should be. ___70___ A. The number of visitors hit 100,000 for the first time this tourist season, a 40% jump over the previous record. B. The Antarctic is at risk not just because of the breakability of its environment, but due to the lack of a single governing body. C. Should landings be made at a larger number of sites for instance or should we aim to keep the human footprint as small as possible? D. If what you really want is to connect with snow and ice and you’re in the northern half, can you catch a train to the nearest snow region instead? E. The average per-person carbon emissions for an Antarctic tourist are 3.76 tonnes – about the total sum that an individual typically generates in an entire year. F. There is so little regulation now that almost anything that will protect the areas by an official legal source rather than self-regulated would be really positive. 【答案】67. A 68. E 69. B 70. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了南极旅游正在变得流行，但也引发了环境问题。 【67题详解】 根据上文“More people are visiting Antarctic, the frozen continent than ever before.(比以往任何时候都有更多的人去南极这个冰冻的大陆旅游)”可知，本句承接上文，具体说明去南极旅游的情况。故A选项“本旅游季游客人数首次突破10万人，比之前的纪录高出40%”符合语境，故选A。 【68题详解】 根据上文“The distance most visitors travel to reach Antarctica makes carbon emissions a serious problem.(大多数游客前往南极洲的距离使碳排放成为一个严重的问题)”以及后文“One study calculated that each tourist between 2016 and 2020 was effectively melting around 83 tonnes of snow, due largely to emissions from vacation ships.(一项研究计算出，2016年至2020年期间，每位游客实际上融化了约83吨雪，这主要是由于度假船的排放)”可知，本句主要说明游客导致的环境问题，故E选项“南极游客的人均碳排放量为3.76吨——大约是一个人一整年的碳排放总量”符合语境，故选E。 【69题详解】 根据本段内容“The Antarctic Treaty, established in 1961 to provide governance for the continent, operates on a consultative basis, which means all 56 parties have to agree before a change can be put into action. The last major decision on tourism was a measure passed in 2009 that prohibits vacation ships carrying more than 500 passengers from making landings. That regulation has still not officially been carried out as not every signatory country has accepted it domestically.(1961年为管理南极大陆而建立的《南极条约》是在协商的基础上运作的，这意味着必须得到所有56个缔约国的同意，才能将改变付诸行动。上一次有关旅游业的重大决定是2009年通过的一项措施，禁止载有500名以上乘客的度假船靠岸。由于并非每个签署国都在国内接受了该规定，因此该规定尚未正式执行)”可知，本段主要介绍了南极的管理存在的问题。故B选项“南极处于危险之中，不仅是因为其环境的脆弱性，还因为缺乏一个单一的管理机构”符合语境，故选B。 【70题详解】 根据上文“There is clear agreement that something needs to change, but no agreement on what those changes should be.(大家一致认为有些事情需要改变，但对于这些改变应该是什么却没有一致意见)”可知，本句为本段最后一句，故承接上文，举例说明如何保护南极环境。故C选项“例如，我们应该在更多的地点着陆，还是应该尽可能地减少人类的足迹？”符合语境，故选C。 【上海市黄浦区敬业中学2024-2025学年高三上学期10月月考】 Magazine Articles: More Valuable Than You May Think Parents are often surprised when teachers suggest their children read magazines. They feel their kids’ reading abilities have been underestimated. ___47___ Magazine articles can provide reluctant readers with a lively writing style that can inspire them to read more. ___48___ So a child can finish reading an article without losing interest due to a short attention span (持续时间) . The writing in magazines also tends to be easy to read, especially if it is a children’s publication. By allowing children to read magazines at an early age, parents are encouraging development of a useful skill. Magazines and newspapers provide adults with critical news. Getting into the habit of reading magazines as a child will develop the lifelong habit of reading news articles. ___49___ Magazine articles challenge students to think about issues they may have never considered or cause them to rethink their world view. Information is available in a wide variety of reading levels because magazines are written for every audience imaginable. Many publications cover the same material in different writing styles that might make it easier for your child to comprehend. When reading magazines together, family members get to learn about each other’s interest. ___50___ Once each family member has finished reading each magazine, parents can even design art and writing projects for the whole family to work on. All in all, magazines are valuable for many people, but in particular to children. The skills that they use and strengthen when reading magazines can be applied to further study. Encouraging children to read magazines could change them from a reluctant reader to a lover of reading. A. Reading magazines enables children to be exposed to various subjects. B. Instead, it is necessary to introduce their kids to a wide range of books as well as magazines. C. The benefits of reading magazine articles can be achieved through school activities. D. Children can pass a magazine on to a brother or sister when they finish reading it. E. However, reading magazines offers many benefits to young readers. F. The articles in magazines are generally short. 【答案】47. E 48. F 49. A 50. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了阅读杂志对儿童的益处。文章从不同方面阐述了阅读杂志能激发孩子的阅读兴趣，培养他们的阅读技能，并帮助他们接触不同的主题和观点。 【47题详解】 根据上文“Parents are often surprised when teachers suggest their children read magazines. They feel their kids’ reading abilities have been underestimated.(当老师们建议孩子们读杂志时，家长们往往很惊讶。他们觉得孩子们的阅读能力被低估了。)”以及下文“Magazine articles can provide reluctant readers with a lively writing style that can inspire them to read more.(杂志文章可以为不喜欢读书的人提供一种生动的写作风格，可以激励他们读更多的书。)”可知，上文提到家长们觉得孩子们的阅读能力被低估了，下文则指出杂志文章能激励孩子们读更多的书，由此可知，空处应当是在指出读杂志对年轻读者有很多好处，E项“However, reading magazines offers many benefits to young readers.(然而，阅读杂志对年轻读者有许多好处)”符合语境，故选E项。 【48题详解】 根据后文“So a child can finish reading an article without losing interest due to a short attention span (持续时间).(所以，一个孩子可以读完一篇文章，不会因为注意力持续时间短而失去兴趣。)”可知，空处应说明杂志文章的特点，指出孩子可以读完一篇文章，F项“The articles in magazines are generally short.(杂志中的文章通常很短)”说明杂志文章的特点促使孩子可以读完整篇文章，选项中short与后文“a short attention span”相呼应，符合语境，故选F项。 【49题详解】 根据后文“Magazine articles challenge students to think about issues they may have never considered or cause them to rethink their world view. Information is available in a wide variety of reading levels because magazines are written for every audience imaginable.(杂志文章挑战学生思考他们可能从未考虑过的问题，或者促使他们重新思考自己的世界观。由于杂志面向各种可以想象的读者群体，因此提供的信息涵盖了广泛的阅读水平。)”可知，杂志可以将各种信息提供给各种阅读水平的读者，促使孩子思考，空处也应说明读杂志文章的好处，A项“Reading magazines enables children to be exposed to various subjects.(读杂志能让孩子们接触到各种各样的主题。)”符合语境，故选A项。 【50题详解】 根据上文“When reading magazines together, family members get to learn about each other's interest.(当一起读杂志时，家庭成员们可以了解彼此的兴趣。)”以及后文“Once each family member has finished reading each magazine, parents can even design art and writing projects for the whole family to work on.(一旦每个家庭成员都读完了每本杂志，父母甚至可以为全家人设计艺术和写作项目。)”可知，上文提到家庭成员们一起读杂志，后文则指出每个家庭成员都读完了每本杂志之后可以设计艺术和写作项目，由此可知，空处应当是在说明杂志如何在家庭成员之间传递，D项“Children can pass a magazine on to a brother or sister when they finish reading it.(孩子们读完杂志后可以传给兄弟姐妹。)”符合语境，故选D项。 【上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学2024-2025学年高三上学期10月月考】 The economic cost of extreme heat The Acropolis (古希腊城市的卫城) has stood above the city of Athens for centuries, its ancient walls and pillars withstanding war, siege (包围) and conquest. But as temperatures reached 40℃ across southern Europe this month, Greece’s top tourist attraction briefly fell victim to extreme heat. The Cerberus heatwave-named after the three-headed dog who guarded the gates to hell in Greek mythology — has shone a spotlight on just how vulnerable the Mediterranean’s huge tourism industry is to the heatwaves that are becoming increasingly common in Europe. ____47____. Industries ranging from construction, to manufacturing, agriculture, transport and insurance are all bracing for changes to the way they do business as high-temperature days become more routine because of climate change. Scientists are clear that extreme weather events, including heatwaves, will become more frequent and intense with every fraction of a degree of warming. Business leaders and policymaker are now counting the cost of shuttered companies and decreased productivity. ____48____. “Extreme heat is pulling down our growth,” says Kathy Baughman McLeod, director of the Adrinenne Arsht-Rockefeller Foundation Resilience Center, “the ranways are buckling (变形), metros are closing, restaurants have to shut down because the kitchen staff are too hot.” But those costs are likely to spiral in coming decades as economies reorient themselves for peak seasons of ever more extreme heat, to mitigate (减轻) against the risks and disruption they will bring. “Extreme heat is one of the very serious consequences of climate change” says Dan Jorgensen, Denmark’s climate minister.” The very tragic news is that this is probably only going to get worse.” One of the main reasons that extreme heat poses an economic threat is because it makes it harder to work. ____49____ In hot conditions, human beings typically “work slower, we take on more risk, our cognitive function decreases”, says Laura Kent of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. A study by the International Labour Organization (ILO), the UN agency for workers, projected that by 2030,the equivalent of more than 2 per cent of total working hours worldwide would be lost every year, either because it is too hot to work or because workers have to work at a slower pace. Yet few countries have a maximum temperature for work must stop. In the UK, for example, where extreme heat has not historically been a problem, there is only a recommended threshold for stopping work in cold, not hot, temperatures. The poorest and least able to cope are often hit hardest by extreme heat — with productivity losses often concentrated in jobs where wages tend to be lower than average. Outdoor workers-especially those in agriculture or construction — are particularly at risk of death, injuries, sickness and reduced productivity because of heat exposure, according to the ILO. ____50____. Many such facilities are situated in the global south, where peak temperatures are even more extreme and dangerous. A. Officials shut the site for several hours during the hottest parts of the day, after holidaymakers queueing to enter required medical attention. B. High temperatures go hard in hand with low productivity. C. But the economic impact of what experts warn could be a new era of record-breaking heat goes far beyond tourism. D. But those working inside factories and workshops without air conditioning are also at increasing risk as intense heatwaves become more frequent E. The impact of extreme heat on workers has become an issue of human rights. F. A study published by academics at Dartmouth last year found that heatwaves, brought on by human-caused climate change, cost the global economy an estimated $16tn over a 21-year period from the 1990s. 【答案】47. C 48. F 49. B 50. D 【解析】 【导语】本文的体裁是新闻报道。文章报道了极端高温对经济的影响，特别是对旅游业、劳动生产率和其他行业的具体影响。 【47题详解】 由上文“The Cerberus heatwave-named after the three-headed dog who guarded the gates to hell in Greek mythology-has shone a spotlight on just how vulnerable the Mediterranean’s huge tourism industry is to the heatwaves that are becoming increasingly common in Europe. (以希腊神话中守地狱大门的三头狗命名的刻耳柏洛斯热浪，让人们注意到地中海庞大的旅游业在热浪面前是多么脆弱，而热浪在欧洲正变得越来越普遍。)”可知，地中海旅游业受极端高温天气影响严重。由下文“Industries ranging from construction, to manufacturing, agriculture, transport and insurance are all bracing for changes to the way they do business as high-temperature days become more routine because of climate change. (由于气候变化，高温天气变得越来越常见，从建筑到制造业、农业、运输和保险等行业都在准备改变他们的经营方式。)”可知，说明除了旅游业，其他行业也受到了高温天气的影响。所以本空应指出极端高温天气对经济的影响不仅限于旅游业。C项“But the economic impact of what experts warn could be a new era of record-breaking heat goes far beyond tourism. (但专家警告称，这可能是一个破纪录高温的新时代，其经济影响远远超出了旅游业。)”能承上启下，既总结了上文关于旅游业受高温天气影响的内容，又引出下文关于其他行业受高温天气影响的内容。故选C。 【48题详解】 由上文“Scientists are clear that extreme weather events, including heatwaves, will become more frequent and intense with every fraction of a degree of warming. Business leaders and policymaker are now counting the cost of shuttered companies and decreased productivity. (科学家们很清楚，包括热浪在内的极端天气事件，随着气温每升高一度，就会变得更加频繁和强烈。商业领袖和政策制定者现在正在计算公司倒闭和生产力下降的成本。)”可知，本空要说与极端天气对经济影响有关的话题，故F选项“A study published by academics at Dartmouth last year found that heatwaves, brought on by human-caused climate change, cost the global economy an estimated $16tn over a 21-year period from the 1990s. (达特茅斯大学学者去年发表的一项研究发现，自20世纪90年代以来的21年里，人为气候变化带来的热浪估计给全球经济造成了16万亿美元的损失。)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选F。 【49题详解】 由上文“One of the main reasons that extreme heat poses an economic threat is because it makes it harder to work. (极端高温造成经济威胁的主要原因之一是它使人们更难工作。)”可知，极端高温对工作的影响是构成经济威胁的主要原因之一。由下文“In hot conditions, human beings typically “work slower, we take on more risk, our cognitive function decreases”, says Laura Kent of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. (机械工程师协会的劳拉·肯特说，在炎热的环境中，人类通常“工作速度变慢，我们承担更多的风险，我们的认知功能下降”。)”可知，高温天气下人类的工作效率会降低，造成对经济的威胁。所以第3空需要指出高温天气下，工作效率会降低。选项B项“High temperatures go hard in hand with low productivity (高温与低生产率并存。)”能承上启下，符合题意。故选B。 【50题详解】 由上文“Outdoor workers-especially those in agriculture or construction - are particularly at risk of death, injuries, sickness and reduced productivity because of heat exposure, according to the ILO. (据国际劳工组织称，户外工人，特别是农业或建筑工人，由于暴露在高温下，特别容易死亡、受伤、生病和降低生产力。)”可知，上文说完了户外工人的情况，本空要说与室内工人受高温影响有关的话题，故D选项“But those working inside factories and workshops without air conditioning are also at increasing risk as intense heatwaves become more frequent (但是，随着热浪越来越频繁，那些在没有空调的工厂和车间工作的人也面临着越来越大的风险)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选D。 【2023年1月上海高考英语真题】 A. Before you stock up at cafe , know that it is possible to drink too much coffee. B. Coffee has its advantages and disadvantages according to different people. C. Researchers found that caffeine , particularly coffee , had a protective effect against depression. D. So by all means , grab that extra cup of coffee , but be sure to limit your intake. E.The mood-boosting news doesn't stop there. F. To sum up, more researchers should be done to clarify the relation between caffeine and depression. If you needed another excuse to grab another cup of coffee, consider this research a blessing to do so. A comprehensive analysis of 12 studies looked at nearly 350,000 individuals and more than 8 .000 cases of depression. (67)__________ In China, researchers analyzed 15 studies with more than 330 ,000 total participants. Their results showed that for every cup of coffee people drank, they reduced their risk of depression by 8 percent. (68)______________ Harvard researchers studied 10 years’ worth of data from 51 ,000 women ,none of whom had depression to begin with, The results showed that the women who drank the most coffee ( four or more cups a day) were 20 percent less likely to develop depression than those who drank little or none. Yes, coffee just got more magical than you thought possible. But why is this? The secret is in the brew's anti-inflammatory properties. Coffee contains chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, and caffeic acid, all of which reduce the inflammation of nerve cells that bring on depression. Caffeine also has some antioxidant properties, which can help soothe inflamed areas of the brain. (69) _________Some side effects of a heavy caffeine intake include anxiety , headaches.brain.restlessness, and increased blood pressure. Ir the body experiences these too often, it could actually trigger the inflammation that may contribute to depression. Once the caffeine wears off, coffee drinkers may experience a drop in mood, and those who are already depressed can feel those effects more strongly. One interesting study found that drinking more coffee decreased chances of suicide , until participants drank eight or more cups a day. Then the risk increased by 58 percent. (70)__________If you have some leftover, here are surprising ways to use those spare coffee grounds. 【答案】67-70 CEAD 【导读】文章大意是，通过对多项研究的综合分析发现，咖啡与抑郁之间存在一定的关联。研究表明，喝咖啡可以降低患抑郁症的风险。一项研究在中国发现，每喝一杯咖啡，降低患抑郁症的风险就会减少8%。另外，哈佛大学的研究发现，喝咖啡的女性患抑郁症的可能性要比不喝咖啡的女性低20%。咖啡中的抗炎成分可以减轻导致抑郁症的神经细胞的炎症反应。然而，过量摄入咖啡因可能会引起一些副作用，如焦虑、头痛、躁动和血压升高。在咖啡因消退后，咖啡饮用者可能会情绪低落，而那些已经抑郁的人可能更加明显地感受到这种影响。此外，研究还发现，喝咖啡可以降低自杀的风险，但每天喝八杯或更多的咖啡则会增加自杀风险。文章最后提到了一些关于如何利用剩余咖啡渣的意外方法。 【解析】 67.C【解析]句意:研究人员发现，咖啡因，尤其是咖啡，有抑郁的作用。结合该空前后提及的A comprehensive analysis of 12 studies looked at nearly 350,000 individuals and more than 8,000 cases of depression.和Their results showed that for every cup of coffee people drank, they reduced their risk of depression by 8 percent.可推知该空处的内容与“咖啡能够降低患抑郁症的风险”相关，结合选项分析，C项符合文意，故选C。 68.E【解析]句意:令人振奋的消息还不止于此。结合该段内容可知，该段依旧在讲述喝咖啡的好处。根据The results showed that the women who drank the most coffee (four or more cups a day) were 20 percent less likely to develop depression than those who drank little or none.可知，咖啡对于女性降低患抑郁症的可能性也有效果，结合相关选项，E项能更好地衔接上下文，故选E。 69.A【解析]句意:在咖啡馆囤货之前，要知道人们可能会喝太多的咖啡。结合该段内容可知,该段讲述的是“咖啡带来的副作用”,且该空之后提及的Some side effects of a heavy caffeine intake与过量饮用咖啡相关，结合选项分析，A项提及的 it is possible to drink too much coffee能够与heavy caffeine intake对应,故选A。 70.D【解析]句意:所以，无论如何，多喝一杯咖啡，但一定要限制你的摄入量。结合上文讲述的咖啡对于“降低患抑郁症的风险”以及“过量摄入咖啡的副作用”可推知，该文章不仅仅说明喝咖啡的好处，也在 劝诫人们喝咖啡要适量。D项能够概括文章观点，故选D。 【2022年1月上海高考英语真题】 A.However,this is not the case when libraries lend e-books. B. This may not be a big issue now, for e-books are minor in publishing. C. Also, publishers assume get more profits from libraries where readers pay them more. D. Publishing contracts often don't specify whether and how much authors receive for e-books sales or for e-lending. E. Extension alone would do little if the current funds under the schemes were merely re-distributed from books to e-books. F. For this reason, authors and publishers have been talking the Government into extending the Lending Rights Schemes to e-books. Should Writers Be Paid for Their E-books Lent by Libraries? When libraries lend books to the public, authors and publishers receive remuneration from the Government under the Lending Rights schemes. (67 )________________________ Is this fair? This year, the government has distributed almost a $ 22 million under these Public Lending Rights and Educational Lending Rights Schemes. For each book in public library collections creators receive $ 2.1l and publishers receive $ 0.52. The amount that each claimant receives is often not very significant, with the majority of authors receiving between S 100-500 annually, Still, a previous study has revealed that this remuneration constitutes the second most important source of income for creators from their creative work.. E-books, however, are not covered by these Lending Rights schemes. (68)____________ But e-book lending is increasing and, according to the Australian Library and Information Association, e-books are likely to reach 20% of library holdings by 2020. Also, most, if not all, self-published titles are done so in digital format only. Such self-published titles , if lent by libraries ,would not qualify for any remuneration. (69) _____________ Although the Book Industry Collaborative Council made such proposal already in a report of 2013 , nothing has happened of yet. One of the main reasons why e-books are not covered is that e-book lending is quite different from print book lending. In case of print books, authors and publishers are arguably losing on customers and revenues when libraries loan their books for free.Creators only receive $2. 11 and publishers receive $0. 52 for each book in public library collections. At present, in the case of -books, many publishers chose not to sell these books to libraries.( 70)_______ While publishers charge libraries high prices for e-books, writers complain that these amounts do not reach them. Publishing contracts often don't specify whether and how much authors receive for e-books sales or for e-lending. 【答案】67-70 ABFC 【解析】 67. A[解析]根据文章标题以及该空前提及的 When libraries lend books to the public, authors and publishers receive remuneration from the Government under the Lending Rights schemes 和该空后提及的 Is this fair?可推知，此处是对两种图书代阅所获收益情况的比较，以判定其是否公平。结合相关选项推知，上文讲述了实体书的借阅收益来源情况，此处应该说明电子书借阅收益情况，故选 A。句意. 然而，当图书馆借出电子书时，情况并非如此。 68. B [解析]结合该空前提及的 E-books,however,are not covered by these Lending Rights schemes 可知，电子书目前没有受到相关拨款政策的支持，再结合下段内容分析，这里对电子书之后发展收益情况有所担忧。因此结合相关选项分析，此处需要将现在情况与将来情况进行衔接，B 项表述的内容符合文意，故选 B。句意:现在这可能不是一个大问题，因为电子书在出版方面是次要的。 69. F [解析]结合上段提及的关于电子书将来的发展猜想，以及该空之后提及的Although the Book Industry Collaborative Council made such proposal already in a report of 2013, nothing has happened of yet 可知，相关部门已经提出了建议，但并未得到实施。结合相关选项分析，该空处与“提出相关建议”有关，故选 F。句意:因此，作者和出版商一直在说服政府将借阅权计划扩展到电子书。 70.C [解析]结合该空前提及的 At present,in the case of e-books,many publishers chose not lo sell these books to libraries 和下段内容可知，此处在讲述有关于电子节出版商未将电子书卖给图书馆，而是通过向图书馆收取费用获得相关收益。结合相关选项分析，与电子书收益相关只有 C项符合，故选 C。句意:此外，出版商认为读者支付更多的图书馆会带来更多的利润。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！第 1 页 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$