2024年中职英语一轮复习情态动词和虚拟语气课件

情态动词与虚拟语气 情态动词 情态动词有那些呢？ 情态动词：主要包括can, may, must, shall, should, would, need等词及其过去式形式。 情态动词可以用来表示能力、许可、必要、义务、命令、劝告、询问、需要、应该、敢于等概念或态度。如：can（could）, may（might）, shall（should）, will（would）, must。 ▲考点1.情态动词的用法 （1）表示具备某种“能力”，但不一定做事情，仅仅表示有能力。 =be able to can表示现在；could表示过去。 I could do such things then, but I can’t now. （2）表示“请求”（疑问句中）、“允许”，但could 比can 委婉； 两者都指现在。回答一律用can或cannot，也可以用mustn’t。 —Can/could I smoke here? —Yes, you can. No, you cannot smoke here. 1. can/could 的用法 （3）特殊句式： 1）cannot/can never... too... 或cannot... enough “无论怎么……也不过分；越……越好；非常……”。 eg: One cannot be too careful. 越仔细越好。 I cannot thank you enough. 我对你感激不尽。 2）cannot help doing.../cannot help but do... “禁不住；不由得；不得不”。 eg: John could not help laughing when he saw the funny look of the monkey. 1. can/could 的用法 （1）表示允许或请求允许，might的语气比may更礼貌。 May I turn on the TV? 我可以打开电视吗？ （2）表示可能性，意为“也许”may和might无时间上的差别，只是 might在语气上更不肯定一些。 ▲表示可能性时，may / might不用于疑问句，可用can / could或别的说法。 （3）构成句型：may / might（just）as well“不妨，最好”，与had better相近，意为“还是做某事的好；不妨去做某事”。 2. may/might 的用法 3. must 的用法 （1）表示义务、命令或劝告，意为“必须”。可用于任何人称。否定回答，多用needn’t或don’t have to，表示“不必，没必要”；而mustn’t表示“绝对不行，不可以”的意思，有时用来回答can或may开头的问句，表示语气很强的不允许。 We must take this seriously. —Must the ladies wear dresses? —No, they don’t have to/they needn’t. —Can / May I come in? —No, you can’t / mustn’t. 1. I've already finished all my homework, so I ______ study tonight. 2. You ______ forget to take your keys with you. 3. You ______ introduce me to Dr. Smith. We've already met. 4. A person ______ become rich and famous in order to live a successful life. 5. You ______ play with sharp knives. 请用must not或don't have to填空。 Exercise don’t have to must not don’t have to don’t have to must not 3.must的用法 （2）表示推测，表示“肯定，一定”之意，此时，must只用于肯定句。在否定句或疑问句中，用can / could。 They must be watching the news now.   （3）表示“偏偏，非要，硬要”，有时表示不巧，有时表示固执，通常都是指令人不快的事。 Must you make so much noise? 1. My watch has stopped. It must be broken. 2. You must come up and see me sometime. 3. No ifs or buts, you must wear a helmet. 4. Wayne left. He must have been feeling ill. 5. I mustn't forget to send him a gift. 请判断下列句子中的must是“推测”还是“必须”。 Exercise 4.shall的用法 （1）用于第二、三人称，表示说话人的命令、警告、强制、允诺、威胁或决心等。 You shall go to the ball. He shall stay in bed. （2）表示强制，用于法令、条约、规章中，意为“必须，应该”。 Candidates shall remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. （3）用于疑问句中，与第一、三人称连用，表示征求对方的意见，may用于征求对方的许可，shall用于征求对方的意见或指示。 eg: Shall I turn on the lights? 4.shall的用法 Exercise A man wants to see you, sir. ______ he wait outside? A. Will B. Shall C. Would D. Ought B Exercise 选择合适的词填空 1.Rule 6. No member（shall, should） enter the bar area wearing sports kit. 2.No member of the association （shall, will） remove official documents from these premises without written permission. √ √ 5.should的用法 should与ought to意思相近，但语气较ought to弱些；可表示推测，意为“可能，该”。 （1）表示“应该，应当”。 （2）表示“可能，该（=will probably）”，是一种试探性的推断。He should arrive soon. （3）表示“竟然”。It’s strange that he should be late. （4）should have done表示“本应该做某事，但事实上却没有做”；shouldn’t have done表示“本不该做某事，但事实上却做了”。 You should have got up earlier. 。 (1). Should I invite our neighbors to the wedding? (2). Dogs should be kept on a leash in public. (3). If they mailed it last week, it should be here by now. (4). Why should we always do what they say? (5). It's odd that you and I should have the same name.　 1.请判断下列句中should是表示“义务”的“应该”，还是“推测”的“应该”,还是表示“竟然” 2.You can't imagine that a well⁃behaved gentleman ______ be so rude to a lady. A. might B. need C. should D. would Exercise c 6.will, would的用法 （1）表示请求、建议等，would比will委婉客气。 Would you pass me the book? （2）表示意志、愿望和决心。 I will never do that again. （3）用will be和“will（would）+have+过去分词”的结构表示推测，主要用于第二、三人称。前者表示对目前情况的推测，后者表示对已经完成的动作或事态的推测。 This will be the book you want. I thought you would have finished this by now. （4）will表示习惯、请求等。 Every day he will sit here hour after hour doing nothing. （5）would可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。would表示过去习惯时比used to正式，并没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。 During the vacation he would visit me every week. 假期里，他每个星期都会来看我。 6.will, would的用法 ▲考点2.情态动词表示推测的用法 must, can/could, may/might可以用来表示对事情进行推测。 must：语气最强，表示“一定”（只用于肯定句中） may：语气次之，表示“可能” might/could：语气最弱，表示“也许，或许” can：表示推测时一般用于否定句和疑问句中，在否定推测中语气最强，其次是can’t，意为“不可能”，may not（可能不）和might not/could not（或许不）的语气最弱。 肯定句 否定句 强 弱 强 弱 ？ ？ ？ ？ ？ ？ 情态动词可以用来表示对现在或将来的情况进行推测。 You have worked hard all day. You must be tired. She might come soon. She could be lost. 1. 对现在或将来的推测（结构：情态动词+do） 2. 对过去的推测（结构：情态动词+have done） She might have got up late. He may have felt ill. 请用动词适当形式填空，以表示推测语气，注意肯定程度的不同。 1.The restaurant ______ （be） very good. It's always full of people. 2. The phone rang but I didn't hear it. I ______ （be） asleep. 3. There ______ （be） a bad accident here. Look at all the broken glass. 4. Jane walked past me without speaking. She ______ （not/see） me. 5. Joe isn't at work today. He ______ （be） ill. 6. Joe wasn't at work last week. He ______ （be） ill. 7. When I woke up this morning, the light was on. I ______ （forget） to turn it off. must be must be must be might not see may be might be must forget ▲考点3“情态动词+have done”表示责备的语气 可用于表责备语气的情态动词有：should, ought to, could, might, need等 它们常被用来表示说话人对过去事情的不满或遗憾，带有较强烈的责备语气， 其结构为“情态动词+have done”。 1. should（ought to）have done“本应该……” 表示：过去应该做而（实际）没有做的事情，含有责备或遗憾的语气，其否定形式为“should not/ought not to have done”。should have done还可以用来表示惊讶、赞叹等情绪。 eg:You should have dug some when you first saw them blooming this spring. 2. could/might have done “本来能够（会）……” 表示过去本来能够（可以）做某事，但实际上没有做到。 I could have lent you the money. Why didn’t you ask me? 3. need+have+done “原本需要做……” 表示本来需要做某事而没有做 “needn’t+have+done”则表示“本来不必做某事而做了”。 I needn’t have bought so much wine—only five people came. Exercise 1. Oh, I'm not feeling well in the stomach. I ______ so much fried chicken just now. A. shouldn't eat B. mustn't have eaten C. shouldn't have eaten D. mustn't eat 2. He_____to the station. In that case, he wouldn’t have missed the train. A.shouldn’t have hurried B.need have hurried C.needn’t have hurried D. couldn’t have hurried Exercise 虚拟语气 虚拟语气：表示说话人主观上所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、建议、请求、命令、空想、猜测、必要性和可能性等 ▲考点1 状语从句中的虚拟语气 1. 非真实条件句 （1）虚拟现在时（与现在事实相反） 从句谓语形式用动词的过去式（be一般用were，而不用was） 主句谓语形式为“should（would, could, might）+动词原形”。 If I knew her number I could ring her up. （2）虚拟过去时（与过去事实相反）， 从句谓语形式用“had+过去分词” 主句谓语形式为“should（would, could, might）+have+过去分词”。 If we had found him earlier we could have saved his life. 1. If the sun __________ to rise in the west, what would happen? A. is   B. are  C. had   D.were 牛刀小试 2. If I______ too weak, I would take part in the race. A. were B .had been C. could be    D. were not （3）虚拟将来时（与将来事实相反） 从句谓语形式用动词的一般过去式，或“were to+动词原形”或“should+动词原形” 主句谓语形式“should（would, could, might）+动词原形”。 If I asked him, I’m sure he’d help us. （1）动词过去式 （2）were to +动词原型 （3）should +V(原） 从句 主句 should (would/ could/ might)+V(原） 1. If the whole operation ______（not plan）before hand, a great deal of time and money would have been lost. 用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 2.John went to the hospital alone. If he ______（told）me about it, I would have gone with him. had not been planned had told Make a choice 1. If I ______ my own clothes, I ______ a lot of money. A. had made/would save B. could make/would save C. can make/would save D. could make/will save B Make a choice 2. If television ______ a thousand years ago, would nations be significantly more homogeneous than they are now? A. were invented B. was invented C. has been invented D. had been invented D 3.If the climate had been more favorable, the crops ______ still better. A. would have grown B. would be growing C. would be grown D. will grow Make a choice A ★注意特殊情况！ ① 虚拟条件从句和主句动作发生的时间不一致时，主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自所指的不同时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式，这种现象称为错综时间虚拟条件句 If you had spoken to him last time you saw him, you would know what to do now.（过去+现在）。 Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he ______ our chairman now. A. must have been B. would have been C. were D. would be 请选择最佳答案填空。 ② 若虚拟条件句中含有were或had, should等助动词或情态动词时，连词if可以省略，而将were, had, should提前，构成倒装语序。 （1）Were I in your position（=If I were in your position）I would go. （2）Had you arrived five minutes earlier（=If you had arrived five minutesearlier）, you could have seen them off. Should he come（=If he should come）, tell him to ring me up. 1.Should I win the lottery, I would buy a car. 练一练：还原下列倒装句 2.Were he to leave today, he would get there by Monday. = If he were to leave today, he would get there by Monday. = If I should win the lottery, I would buy a car. 3.Had he not been promoted, he would never have remained with the company. = If he had not been promoted, he would never have remained with the company 请选择最佳答案填空。 1. Countless divorced politicians would have been elected out of office years ago had they even thought of a divorce, let alone ______ one. A. getting B. to get C. gotten D. get 2. ______ to the doctor right away, he might be alive today. A. If he went B. Had he gone C. Were he gone D. Should he have gone 3. ______ before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party. A. Had they arrived B. Were they arriving C. Would they arrive D. Were they to arrive 4. The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, ______ all practical value by the time they finished. A. could lose B. would have lost C. might lose D. ought to have lost 5. There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, ______ a sudden loud noise. A. being there B. should there be C. there was D. there having been ③ 利用语境不直接说出条件的句子，称为含蓄虚拟条件句。 A. 用介词引入条件 * but for（若不是，如没有）：注意，凡是出现这个复合介词的句子，必须要用虚拟语气。 We would have had a pleasant journey but for the rain. （=We would have had a pleasant journey if it hadn’t rained.） * without/with（在不具备/具备……的条件下）。 Without his help, I could not have done it well. （=If he hadn’t helped me, I could not have done it well.） B.分词短语充当条件状语 （分词短语本身就具有充当条件状语的功能） Given a certain opportunity, he could have shown more talent.（=If he had been given a certain opportunity, he could have shown more talent.） C. 用上下文暗示条件。 常用来表示不具备条件的连词，如：but, or或otherwise等。 I would have failed but that you helped me. I might have given you more help, but I was too busy. 2.as if / though引导的从句 ▲考点1 状语从句中的虚拟语气 在as if或as though引导的方式状语从句或表语从句中，用过去时表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有怀疑；用过去完成时表示对过去事实或过去想象中的动作或情况。 The teacher treats the pupil as if/as though he were her own child. （对?的虚拟） He looks as if/as though he had been hit by lighting. （对?的虚拟） They talked and talked as if/as though they would never meet again. （对?的虚拟） 现在 过去 将来 1. 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用 ▲考点2 名词性从句中的虚拟语气 （1）在表示愿望的动词wish之后的宾语从句中，需用虚拟语气。宾语从句用过去时表示与现在事实相反；用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。 I wish I knew what was going to happen. I wish I were rich. She wished she had stayed at home. ---“I wish you ______ the play last night.” ---“It's a shame that I ______. A. had attended / didn't B. attended / didn't C. had attended / hadn't D. could attend/haven’t 练一练 C The picture exhibition bored me to death. I wish I ______ to it. A. have not gone B. had not gone C. didn't go D. should not have gone 练一练 B （2）在表示“坚持”“命令”“建议”“要求”等词后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。 这类动词简称“一二四四”： 一个坚持（insist）；两个命令（order, command）；四项要求（demand, desire, require, request）；四条建议（advise, suggest, propose, recommend）。 这类虚拟语气由“should+动词原形”构成，其中的should在美式英语中通常可以省略。 He insisted that I（should）go with them. He ordered that it（should）be sent back. 。 The doctor advised that he not smoke. I propose that a woman ______ deputy to the district congress. A. would be nominated B. was nominated C. is nominated D. be nominated Make a choice D Make a choice 2.Her mother insists that she ______ skating with her brother. A. went B. go C. goes D. will go B ★注意： 当insist表示“坚称，坚持认为”和suggest表示“表明，暗示”时，其后的从句中不用虚拟语气。 he look on his face suggested that he was quite satisfied with what I had done for him. He insisted that he was honest. （3）would rather用来表示主观愿望，其后的宾语从句也需用虚拟语气，谓语动词常用过去式。 I’ d rather you went tomorrow. Kate went by car and I’d rather she hadn’t. would rather常用搭配 would rather do sth. “主语宁愿自己做某事” would rather have done sth. “主语宁愿自己过去做了某事，但实际上没有做” would rather sb. did “主语宁愿让另一个人做某事” would rather sb. had done “主语宁愿别人过去做了某事，但实际上没有做” 1.He would rather ______ than worked last night. A. have slept B. has slept C. sleep D. slept Make a choice A ▲考查would rather have done的虚拟句型，本题相当于He would rather have slept than have worked last night，后边的have被省去了。 Make a choice 2.The manager would rather his daughter ______ in the same office. A. had not worked B. not no work C. does not work D. did not work D Make a choice 3. She would rather that you ______ last night. A. not arrive B. do not arrive C. had not arrived D. did not arrive C 2. 虚拟语气在主语从句中的应用 ▲考点2 名词性从句中的虚拟语气 （1）在某些表示愿望、请求、建议、命令等形容词之后的主语从句中，需用虚拟语气，其谓语形式为“（should）+动词原形”，其中should可以省略。这类形容词常见的有：necessary（必要的）, important（重要的）, essential（紧要的）, imperative（迫切的）, urgent（紧迫的）等。 It’s important that we（should）take good care of the patient. （2）在“It is desired（suggested, ordered, insisted, decided...）that...”主语从句中，常用虚拟语气，谓语形式为“（should）+动词原形”。 It is desired that this rule be brought to the attention of the staff. It is+形容词+that+主语+（should）+动词原形 It is desirable that the doctor ______ there at the moment. A. be B. would be C. will be D. must be Make a choice A Make a choice A It was suggested at the meeting that effective measures ______ to solve the problem. A. be taken B. were taken C. must be taken D. take Make a choice It is extremely urgent that they ______ from the mountain before dark. A. must rescue B. be rescued C. will be rescued D. shall be rescued B （3）在“It is+n.+主语从句”这一句型中，主语从句要用虚拟语气，此句型中的名词有两类：一类是表示建议、请求、命令等含有主观意向的动词的同源名词，如suggestion, proposal等；另一类是表示遗憾、惊奇、怀疑等主观看法的名词，如shame, pity等，其从句中的谓语动词形式为“（should）+动词原形”。 It was a pity that you couldn’t come. 你不能来，真是太可惜了。 ▲考点2 名词性从句中的虚拟语气 3. 虚拟语气在同位语从句中的应用 同位语从句的先行词通常是表示说话人愿望、建议、要求、命令等的名词，其同位语从句需使用虚拟语气，谓语形式为“（should）+动词原形”。 The suggestion that students learn something practical is worth considering. ▲考点3 特殊的虚拟语气 1. if only的虚拟语气 if only也可用于表示与事实相反的愿望，意为“若是……那该多好啊；真希望……”。若表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词应用过去式；如果表示与过去事实相反，应用过去完成时态。 If only I were as clever as you! If only you had not told Tom what I said, everything would have been all right. 2. It is（high）time that...句型中的虚拟语气 It is（high）time that...意为“（早）该是做……的时间了”，后面的从句也需使用虚拟语气形式，即谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形，此时should不可省略。 It is time that the children went to bed. It is high time that we should set up a new plant in this country. 1.It's about time I ______ something about home-decorating. A. learn B. learned C. have learned D. should learn Make a choice D Make a choice 2. If only we ______ a phone! I'm tired of queuing outside the public phone box. A. had B. had had C. would have D. have had A Make a choice 3.It is high time that the third world countries ______ a more active part in economic affairs of the world. A. play B. were playing C. played D. had played C $$