Unit 1 Science and Scientists 单元话题阅读理解练习2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第二册单元重难点易错题精练（人教版201

Unit 1 Science and Scientists 单元话题阅读理解练习 （24-25高二上·吉林·期中）“Imagine you have to make a speech, but instead of looking down at your notes, the words appear in front of your eyes, whichever direction you look in,” says Steve Sinclair when introducing the smart contact lenses (隐形眼睛) being developed by his company Mojo. However, this is just one of many features the makers of smart contact lenses promise will be available in the future. Other smart lenses are being developed to collect health data. They are expected to help to self-monitor and track glucose (葡萄糖) levels, according to Rebecca Rojas, instructor at Columbia University. “They can also provide extended-release (缓释) drug-delivery options. It’s exciting to see how far technology has come, and the potential it offers to improve patients’ lives.” Despite the excitement, smart lenses technology still has to overcome a number of challenges. One challenge will be powering them with batteries that will obviously have to be incredibly tiny, so will they deliver enough power to do anything useful? Mojo is still testing its product, but wants customers to be able to wear its lenses all day, without having to re charge them. “The expectation is that you are not consuming information from the lens all the time but in short moments throughout the day. Actual battery life will depend on how and how often it is used, just like your smartphone or smartwatch today,” a company spokesperson explains. Besides, according to senior policy analyst Daniel Leufer, any device with a forward-facing camera that allows a user to take pictures, or record videos, presents risks to bystanders’ (旁观者) privacy. Additionally, there are concerns about the product that will be familiar to anyone who wears regular contacts. “Any type of contact lens can present a risk to eye health, if not properly cared for or not fitted properly. Just like any other medical device, we need to make sure the patients’ health comes first,” says Ms Rojas. “We know it’s going to take some time for the public to accept it. But we think it’s unavoidable that all of our eyewear is eventually going to become smart,” says Mr Sinclair. 1．What can Mojo’s smart lenses enable wearers to do? A．Take notes whenever necessary. B．Keep going in the right direction. C．Receive information before their eyes. D．Share important information with others. 2．How could smart lenses benefit wearers’ health? A．By reducing their glucose levels. B．By avoiding the use of eye drugs. C．By reminding them to do exercise. D．By informing them of their health state. 3．Which of the following is NOT a concern of the company? A．Long- term use without worrying about charging. B．The risk of invading (侵犯) the privacy of bystanders. C．The possibility of causing harm to eye health. D．The lack of confidence in the prospect of smart eyewear. 4．What can we learn from Mr Sinclair’s words in the last paragraph? A．He is confident about the smart lenses’ future. B．He will spend more time improving the smart lenses. C．He expects the smart lenses to be a hit once launched. D．He is worried about the problems brought by the smart lenses. （24-25高二上·吉林·期中）Selina Zhang, a high schooler, has invented a trap that could potentially get rid of lanternflies (斑点灯蝇) in the city. She first noticed this pest in grade school. At the time, Zhang was visiting a market near her hometown and the colorful bugs caught her eye. Zhang’s first encounter with the lanternfly relates to the quote, “Not all that glitters is gold.” This bug whose bright red underwings stand out from black forewings (前翅) might be pretty to look at. However, it has damaged local agricultural industry for decades, and the city has been unable to remove this problem. This insect has a healthy appetite for most plants and can feed on most crops, trees and various fruits. This invasive (侵入的) pest does not harm humans or animals. However, it could reduce the quality of life of people living in heavily affected areas. It is known to be a nuisance (讨厌的东西) in outdoor areas as they can lay their egg masses on trees and even vehicles. Zhang eventually realized that this insect was a threat to Garden City and decided to do something about it. Most people choose insecticides to manage this invasion, but this can leave harmful remains. Some others use a sticky band to trap pests, but this method is also unsafe as it can trap other small animals and insects. In search of an ecologically acceptable method, Zhang got inspiration from chess boards and the “Dance Revolution”. She conducted an extensive field observation for weeks non- stop, observing the behavioral patterns of the bugs. She studied how they grew over time and navigated (进行导航) unfamiliar structures and areas they chose to gather. After her study, Zhang knew she wanted to copy the tree of heaven as a trap and used an umbrella. She then designed an electric net for this tree, using machine learning to kill the lanternflies that landed. And she finally created a solar- powered, self-cleaning “tree” that attracts the spotted lanternfly, removing the bug with an electronic net. 1．What does the quote “Not all that glitters is gold” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Things looking valuable may be worthless. B．Zhang’s hometown fails to get rid of the bug. C．Bodies of the beautiful lanternflies are shining. D．The bug destroys agricultural industry despite its beauty. 2．What can be learned about lanternflies? A．They live on greens and animals. B．They have a bad effect on people’s life. C．People hate them laying eggs everywhere. D．Their underwings are shorter than their forewings. 3．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A．The application of the trap. B．The source of the trap. C．The process of inventing the trap. D．The challenges of designing the trap. 4．Which of the following can best describe Zhang? A．Determined and innovative. B．Creative and outgoing. C．Reliable and knowledgeable. D．Intelligent and confident. （24-25高二上·重庆·阶段练习）Imagine a busy restaurant; dishes clattering, music playing, people talking loudly over one another. It’s a wonder that anyone in that kind of environment can focus enough to have a conversation. A new study by researchers at Brown University’s Carney Institute for Brain Science provides some of the most detailed insights into the brain mechanisms that help people pay attention in such distraction, as well as what’s happening when they can’t focus. In an earlier psychology study, the researchers established that people can separately control how much they focus (by enhancing relevant information)and how much they filter (by tuning out distraction). The team’s new research, published in Nature Human Behaviour, shows the process by which the brain combines these two critical functions. To conduct the study, Ritz administered a cognitive task to participants while measuring their brain activity in an FMRI (Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging)machine. Participants saw a swirling mass of green and purple dots moving left and right, like a swarm of fireflies. The tasks, which varied in difficulty, involved distinguishing between the movement and colors of the dots. For example participants in one exercise were instructed to select which color was in the majority for the rapidly movıng dots when the rate of purple to green was almost50/50. Ritz and his co- writer Shenhav then compared the process to how humans harmonize muscle activity to perform complex physical tasks. “In the same way that we bring together more than50 muscles to perform a physical task like using chopsticks, our study found that we can integrate multiple varieties of concentrations in order to perform acts of mental flexibility,” said Ritz, who conducted the study as a PhD student at Brown. “These findings can help us to understand how we humans are able to exhibit such tremendous cognitive flexibility — to pay attention to what we want, when we want to,” Shenhav said. “They can also help us better understand limitations on that flexibility, and how limitations might appear in certain attention- related disorders such as ADHD(注意力缺陷及多动障碍), which we will study and conduct in the future.” 1．Why does the author talk about the busy restaurant at the beginning of the text? A．To complain why people can’t focus attention. B．To show people’s attention among distraction. C．To call on conversation in the busy restaurant. D．To show one example of working environment. 2．What is the third paragraph mainly about? A．The research result. B．The research participants. C．The research questions. D．The research process. 3．What do people do when they are carrying out flexible acts? A．They adjust various forms of attention. B．They bring together more than 50 muscles. C．They pay attention to the complex physical task. D．They use instruments like chopsticks to help them. 4．According to Shenhav, what can the researchers do in the future? A．Ensure cognition. B．Research diseases. C．Show flexibility. D．Limit attention. （24-25高二上·重庆·阶段练习）The US government just hired a researcher who thinks we can beat aging with fresh cloned bodies and brain updates. Jean Hébert, a new hire with the US Advanced Projects Agency for Health, is expected to lead a major new initiative around “functional brain tissue replacement”, the idea of adding youthful tissue to people’s brains. The brain renewal concept could have applications such as treating stroke (中风) victims, who lose areas of brain function. But Hébert, a biologist at the Albert Einstein school of medicine, has most often proposed total brain replacement, along with replacing other parts of our body, as the only reasonable means of avoiding death from old age. The idea sounds practical since there are already organ transplants. The trickiest part is your brain. That ages, too, shrinking dramatically in old age. But you don’t want to replace it with another—because it is you. And that’s where Hébert’s research comes in. He’s been exploring ways to “progressively” replace a brain by adding bits of youthful tissue made in a lab. The process would have to be done slowly enough. in steps, that your brain could adapt, relocating memories and your self-identity. Hébert has been carrying out initial experiments with mice, removing small sections of their brains and injecting slurries of embryonic cells (胚胎细胞). It’s a step toward proving whether such youthful tissue can survive and take over important functions. To be sure, the strategy is not widely accepted, even among researchers in the aging field. “On the surface it sounds completely crazy, but I was surprised how good a case he could make for it,” says Matthew Scholz, CEO of aging research company Oisin Biotechnologies, who met with Hébert this year. Scholz is still doubtful though. “A new brain is not going to be a popular item,” he says. “The surgical element of it is going to be very severe, no matter how you slice it” Now, though, Hébert’s ideas appear to have gotten support from the US government. 1．What function does brain replacement perform according to Hébert? A．Brain replacement helps people fight against death. B．Brain replacement stops brain shrinking in old age. C．Brain replacement makes old people much smarter. D．Brain replacement cures patients suffering a stroke. 2．What does the underlined word “progressively” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Hardly. B．Completely. C．Gradually. D．Immediately. 3．What is the author’s attitude towards Hébert’s ideas? A．Supportive. B．Objective. C．Critical. D．Doubtful. 4．What can be the suitable title for the text? A．Replacing Your Brain Little by Little B．Slowing Down Aging in Your Real Life C．A Biologist Treating Your Brain Disease D．A Researcher Hired by the US Government （24-25高二上·重庆·阶段练习）Imagine hopping on a school bus and being transported to an immersive (沉浸式的) educational tour of the inside of the human body—and no, not on a fictional episode of The Magic School Bus. This is the kind of experience that Meta hopes to enable for students, digitally, through its Quest virtual reality (VR) headsets. Bring VR into more classrooms could enable new kinds of learning opportunities. For example, it may allow drama students to feel like they’re having an immersive, real-time experience watching Shakespeare’s work performed at the Globe Theatre in the 17 century. New Mexico University is using the headsets to teach criminal justice students to investigate virtual crime scenes, and Morehouse College has developed a “digital twin campus” to teach students a range of subjects through VR, both through a partner program with Meta to test educational applications of the technology. But VR also creates concerns about digital safety and the potential harm to humans who are having more digital interactions and fewer in-person ones. Moreover, the cost of involving VR headsets in the classroom could be an obstacle to adoption for the many schools already struggling with limited resources. While cheaper than some other headsets on the market, Meta’s Quest 3 devices still start at $499 each. Most importantly, it remains unclear just how useful virtual reality is in helping students learn better. “I think that VR is one area where additional research is necessary,” said Vincent Quan, an education researcher and co-executive director of the Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab. “With technology, sure, it can have a lot of promise, but at the same time, there can also be a lot of hype (夸张的宣传), and I think it’s important to carefully evaluate these types of technologies. Sometimes you don’t know if it’s just innovative and cool versus actually impactful.” 1．Why is The Magic School Bus mentioned in the first paragraph? A．To introduce the topic of VR. B．To promote immersive education. C．To recommend a popular TV series D．To advertise a new means of transport. 2．How can VR benefit students according to Paragraph 2? A．By increasing their in-person interactions. B．By satisfying diverse learning requirements. C．By assisting them in understanding concepts. D．By enabling learning beyond time limitations. 3．What can be inferred from the price of VR devices? A．The price will affect that of similar products in the market. B．The price is quite acceptable to both teachers and students. C．VR devices are more cost-effective than other learning tools. D．The price can be a heavy burden for financially troubled school. 4．What does Vincent Quan suggest about VR in education? A．Technology will make it useful and cheap. B．Teachers can depend on it in the classroom. C．It can benefit all students around the world. D．More research is needed to evaluate its impact （24-25高二上·江苏南京·阶段练习）When driving, Clara-Marina Martinez makes a note of any unusual behaviour she sees on the road. She then feeds these into machine-learning algorithms (算法), a form of AI, which she is helping develop for Porsche Engineering. Those algorithms are intended to produce a system reliable enough for a car to drive itself. Such a fully autonomous car, known in the industry as Level 5, should be able to complete an entire journey without any intervention (介入) from the driver, and deal with all situations on the road. But this is proving hard to achieve, and many attempts to do so are being abandoned. Last year, for instance, Uber sold off its unit developing self-driving cars. Autonomous vehicles are said to be not just convenient but potentially safer. However, just as people take time to learn how to drive safely, so do machines. And machines are not quick learners. The RAND Corporation calculates that to develop a system 20% safer than a human driver, 100self-driving cars would have to operate 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. Carmakers such as Porsche therefore speed up the development process using simulators (模拟器). These teach software about dangers rarely encountered in reality. Dr Martinez and her colleagues employ “game engines” to do this. These are used to create virtual worlds through which the software can drive. Objects in these virtual worlds are assigned their physical characteristics (ie, buildings are hard, people are soft) so that the sensors in vehicles respond in the appropriate way. Once the software has been trained, it is tested in real autonomous vehicles by re-creating those situations on a test track. How quickly all this will translate into reality remains to be seen. Both regulators and customers will need to overcome the doubt that a software driver really can be safer than a human being. From Porsche’s point of view, though, there is another question. Given that much of the reason owning a sports car is for owners to show off their driving skills, just how big a market will there be for a version where software takes those bragging (炫耀的) rights away? 1．Why does Clara-Marina Martinez note the unusual behaviour on the road? A．To market Porsche cars. B．To improve an AI technology. C．To learn to be a responsible driver. D．To enjoy riding in a self-driving car. 2．The problem with self-driving cars is that . A．they learn as slowly as human beings B．they operate for a very short period of time C．they have to be monitored by human drivers D．they need a long time to reach a certain safety level 3．What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 4 refer to? A．Employing simulators on a test track. B．Speeding the development of process. C．Figuring out the physical road dangers. D．Separating the real world from the virtual world. 4．What worries Porsche according to the last paragraph? A．The reliability of car software. B．The future of the sports car market. C．The driving skills of human beings. D．The quality of self-driving cars in the future. （24-25高二上·四川成都·阶段练习）Robert Chmielewski has had quadriplegia (四肢瘫痪) since his teens. Sensors implanted (植入) in his brain read his thoughts to control two robotic arms, which helps him to perform daily tasks. Now he can use one robotic arm to control a knife and the other a fork. Modern technology can reach inside someone’s head and pull out what he is thinking. Maybe he intends to move a robotic arm or type something on a computer screen. Such thought-controlled devices can help people who aren’t able to move or perform different tasks and promote the well-being of the disabled. Decoding (解码) thought usually requires placing sensors directly on or in someone’s brain. Those implanted sensors can catch the electrical signals passing between the person’s brain cells, or neurons. Such signals carry messages that allow brains to think, feel and control the body. Using brain implants, researchers have picked up electrical signals in the brain linked to certain words or letters. This has allowed brain implants to transform thoughts into text or speech on a computer. Likewise, brain implants have transformed imagined handwriting into text on a screen. Implanted sensors have even allowed scientists to turn the signals they caught that are associated with a song in someone’s head into real music. In a recent study, scientists decoded full stories from people’s brains using MRI scans (磁共振成像扫描). This did not require any brain implants. But building the thought decoder did require many hours of brain scans for each person. What’s more, the system only worked on the person whose brain scans helped build it and only when that person was willing to have their mind read. So devices that might let someone secretly read your mind from across the room are still a long, long way off. Still, it’s clear that mind-reading tech is getting more advanced. As it does, scientists are thinking hard about what it would mean to live in a world where not even the inside of your head is completely private. 1．What is the purpose of the first paragraph? A．To give an example. B．To compare the facts. C．To explain the reason. D．To introduce the topic. 2．Which of the following is mentioned in the text? A．What principles a thought decoder should follow. B．How MRI monitors the work of the implanted sensors. C．What’s used to catch signals passing through the brain. D．How robotic arms are designed to satisfy different needs. 3．What is scientists’ attitude towards the future of the technology discussed in the text? A．Concerned. B．Confident. C．Doubtful. D．Indifferent. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Mind Reading is Stealing Our Privacy B．Mind Reading is Hard, but not Impossible C．Mind Reading—Good News for Musicians D．Mind Reading—a Brain-scanning Technology （24-25高二上·湖南·阶段练习）Frederick McKinley Jones was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, on May 17, 1893. By the time Frederick was7 years old, his father sent young Jones to live with a priest（牧师）in Kentucky. At the age of 11, Jones ran away to feed himself. He returned to Cincinnati and worked as an entrance guard in a garage where he developed a skill for automobile mechanics. He became a leader of the shop. In 1912 he landed in Hallock, Minnesota, where he obtained a job doing mechanical work on a farm. Jones had talent for and an interest in mechanics. He read extensively on the subject and educated himself in his spare time. By the time he was twenty, Jones was able to get an engineering license in Minnesota. He served in the U. S. Army during World War I（WWI）where he was often called upon to make repairs to machines and other equipment. After the war, he returned to the farm. It was on the Hallock farm that Jones educated himself further in electronics. He built a transmitter (发射机) for the new radio station to broadcast its programming. He also developed a device to combine moving pictures with sound. Jones continued to expand his interests in the1930s. He designed and patented (获得专利) a portable air-cooling unit for trucks carrying perishable (易腐烂的) food. Forming a partnership with Numero, Jones founded the U. S. Thermo Control Company. The company burgeoned during World War II, helping to preserve blood, medicine and food. Over the course of his career Jones received more than 60 patents. He was recognized for his achievements both during his lifetime and after his death. Jones died of lung cancer in Minneapolis, Minnesota, on February 21, 1961. He was chosen into the Minnesota Inventors Hall of Fame in 1977. In 1991, then — President George H. W. Bush awarded the National Medal of Technology to Numero and Jones at a ceremony held in the White House Rose Garden. 1．What was Jones doing when he was 19? A．He was staying with a kind priest. B．He was developing a new interest. C．He was running his own garage. D．He was doing work related to machinery. 2．Which of the following is TRUE about the portable air-cooling unit? A．It was designed for trucks. B．It was used to produce food. C．It was bought by a company. D．It was popular during WWI. 3．What does the underlined word “burgeoned” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Grew greatly. B．Got help. C．Stopped production. D．Faced difficulty. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the last paragraph? A．To introduce patents of Jones. B．To show Jones got an award. C．To express Jones was recognized. D．To show regret over Jones’ death. （24-25高二上·江西南昌·阶段练习）In 1957 a group of physicists gathered in a lecture hall at Princeton University to be addressed by a Chinese American woman. As she told the crowd about her recent experiment and its results, the response was dead silence for two minutes, then a thunderous applause continued for ten minutes. The woman was Chien-Shiung Wu, known as the First Lady of Physics, who transformed nuclear science through her work on the Manhattan Project and other groundbreaking experiments. Born in 1912 near Shanghai, China, Wu was influenced by her father, an engineer, and her mother, an educator. Unlike many Chinese women of her time, she received a formal education. Fascinated by new discoveries and the story of women scientists like Marie Curie, she entered National Central University to study physics and then began her scientific studies. It was a time of rapid change in both the field of physics and China. Domestic unrest and a bad relationship with Japan made life at home uneasy. With the help of an uncle, she immigrated to the United States for graduate school. Wu planned to go to the University of Michigan, but a tour of the University of California, Berkeley-and word that a student center at Michigan did not allow female students to enter through the front door-changed her mind. At Berkeley Wu was visible for her gender and race, and from the start her male colleagues commented as much on her physical appearance as her keen mind. She quickly gained a reputation and became an expert in the newly discovered phenomenon of nuclear fission (核裂变). After graduation, she headed to Smith College to teach women physics. During World War Two Wu went to Princeton University, where she became the physics department’s first female instructor. But shortly after her arrival, her career took an unexpected turn in 1944. She ended up joining the staff at Columbia University on a top-secret research program now known as the Manhattan Project. 1．Which word best describes the lecture in Paragraph 1? A．Boring. B．Humorous. C．Excellent. D．Common. 2．What inspired Wu to study physics? A．The background of her family. B．The success of women scientists. C．The formal education she received. D．The rapid change in the field of physics. 3．What happened to Wu in America? A．She was looked down on at Berkeley. B．She went to the University of Michigan at first. C．She taught women physics at Princeton University. D．She joined a top-secret research program at Columbia University. 4．Which of the following best describes Wu as a scientist? A．Modest and independent. B．Creative and warm-hearted. C．Responsible and cautious. D．Committed and ambitious. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 1 Science and Scientists 单元话题阅读理解练习 （24-25高二上·吉林·期中）“Imagine you have to make a speech, but instead of looking down at your notes, the words appear in front of your eyes, whichever direction you look in,” says Steve Sinclair when introducing the smart contact lenses (隐形眼睛) being developed by his company Mojo. However, this is just one of many features the makers of smart contact lenses promise will be available in the future. Other smart lenses are being developed to collect health data. They are expected to help to self-monitor and track glucose (葡萄糖) levels, according to Rebecca Rojas, instructor at Columbia University. “They can also provide extended-release (缓释) drug-delivery options. It’s exciting to see how far technology has come, and the potential it offers to improve patients’ lives.” Despite the excitement, smart lenses technology still has to overcome a number of challenges. One challenge will be powering them with batteries that will obviously have to be incredibly tiny, so will they deliver enough power to do anything useful? Mojo is still testing its product, but wants customers to be able to wear its lenses all day, without having to re charge them. “The expectation is that you are not consuming information from the lens all the time but in short moments throughout the day. Actual battery life will depend on how and how often it is used, just like your smartphone or smartwatch today,” a company spokesperson explains. Besides, according to senior policy analyst Daniel Leufer, any device with a forward-facing camera that allows a user to take pictures, or record videos, presents risks to bystanders’ (旁观者) privacy. Additionally, there are concerns about the product that will be familiar to anyone who wears regular contacts. “Any type of contact lens can present a risk to eye health, if not properly cared for or not fitted properly. Just like any other medical device, we need to make sure the patients’ health comes first,” says Ms Rojas. “We know it’s going to take some time for the public to accept it. But we think it’s unavoidable that all of our eyewear is eventually going to become smart,” says Mr Sinclair. 1．What can Mojo’s smart lenses enable wearers to do? A．Take notes whenever necessary. B．Keep going in the right direction. C．Receive information before their eyes. D．Share important information with others. 2．How could smart lenses benefit wearers’ health? A．By reducing their glucose levels. B．By avoiding the use of eye drugs. C．By reminding them to do exercise. D．By informing them of their health state. 3．Which of the following is NOT a concern of the company? A．Long- term use without worrying about charging. B．The risk of invading (侵犯) the privacy of bystanders. C．The possibility of causing harm to eye health. D．The lack of confidence in the prospect of smart eyewear. 4．What can we learn from Mr Sinclair’s words in the last paragraph? A．He is confident about the smart lenses’ future. B．He will spend more time improving the smart lenses. C．He expects the smart lenses to be a hit once launched. D．He is worried about the problems brought by the smart lenses. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了智能隐形眼镜的技术特点、潜在应用、以及面临的一些挑战。 1．细节理解题。 根据文章第一段中的““Imagine you have to make a speech, but instead of looking down at your notes, the words appear in front of your eyes, whichever direction you look in,” says Steve Sinclair when introducing the smart contact lenses (隐形眼睛) being developed by his company Mojo. (Steve Sinclair在介绍他的公司Mojo开发的智能隐形眼镜时说：“想象一下，你要做一个演讲，但无论你朝哪个方向看，你都不用低头看笔记，单词就会出现在你眼前。”)”可知，Mojo的智能隐形眼镜可以让佩戴者在眼前接收信息。故选C。 2．细节理解题。 根据文章第二段中的“They are expected to help to self-monitor and track glucose (葡萄糖) levels, according to Rebecca Rojas, instructor at Columbia University. “They can also provide extended-release (缓释) drug-delivery options. It’s exciting to see how far technology has come, and the potential it offers to improve patients’ lives.” (据哥伦比亚大学的讲师Rebecca Rojas说，他们有望帮助自我监测和跟踪血糖水平。“它们还可以提供缓释药物递送选择。看到技术的进步，以及它为改善病人生活所提供的潜力，这是令人兴奋的。”)”可知，智能隐形眼镜可以告知佩戴者的健康状况。故选D。 3．细节理解题。 根据文章第四段中的“Mojo is still testing its product, but wants customers to be able to wear its lenses all day, without having to re charge them. (Mojo仍在测试其产品，但希望客户能够整天戴着它的镜片，而无需充电)”可知，公司关注长期使用而无需频繁充电的问题。根据第五段“Besides, according to senior policy analyst Daniel Leufer, any device with a forward-facing camera that allows a user to take pictures, or record videos, presents risks to bystanders’ (旁观者) privacy. (此外，根据高级政策分析师Daniel Leufer的说法，任何允许用户拍照或录制视频的前置摄像头都会给旁观者的隐私带来风险)”可知，公司关注侵犯旁观者隐私的风险。根据第六段中的“Any type of contact lens can present a risk to eye health, if not properly cared for or not fitted properly. (如果护理不当或佩戴不当，任何类型的隐形眼镜都可能对眼睛健康构成威胁)”可知，公司关注隐形眼镜对眼睛健康的潜在风险。根据第七段““We know it’s going to take some time for the public to accept it. But we think it’s unavoidable that all of our eyewear is eventually going to become smart,” says Mr Sinclair. (Sinclair先生说：“我们知道公众需要一段时间才能接受它。但我们认为，我们所有的眼镜最终都将变得智能，这是不可避免的。”)”可知，公司对智能眼镜的前景充满信心，并不担心前景问题。故选D。 4．推理判断题。 根据文章最后一段““We know it’s going to take some time for the public to accept it. But we think it’s unavoidable that all of our eyewear is eventually going to become smart,” says Mr Sinclair. (Sinclair先生说：“我们知道公众需要一段时间才能接受它。但我们认为，我们所有的眼镜最终都将变得智能，这是不可避免的。”)”可推知，Sinclair先生对智能隐形眼镜的未来充满信心，认为它们最终会被广泛接受。故选A。 （24-25高二上·吉林·期中）Selina Zhang, a high schooler, has invented a trap that could potentially get rid of lanternflies (斑点灯蝇) in the city. She first noticed this pest in grade school. At the time, Zhang was visiting a market near her hometown and the colorful bugs caught her eye. Zhang’s first encounter with the lanternfly relates to the quote, “Not all that glitters is gold.” This bug whose bright red underwings stand out from black forewings (前翅) might be pretty to look at. However, it has damaged local agricultural industry for decades, and the city has been unable to remove this problem. This insect has a healthy appetite for most plants and can feed on most crops, trees and various fruits. This invasive (侵入的) pest does not harm humans or animals. However, it could reduce the quality of life of people living in heavily affected areas. It is known to be a nuisance (讨厌的东西) in outdoor areas as they can lay their egg masses on trees and even vehicles. Zhang eventually realized that this insect was a threat to Garden City and decided to do something about it. Most people choose insecticides to manage this invasion, but this can leave harmful remains. Some others use a sticky band to trap pests, but this method is also unsafe as it can trap other small animals and insects. In search of an ecologically acceptable method, Zhang got inspiration from chess boards and the “Dance Revolution”. She conducted an extensive field observation for weeks non- stop, observing the behavioral patterns of the bugs. She studied how they grew over time and navigated (进行导航) unfamiliar structures and areas they chose to gather. After her study, Zhang knew she wanted to copy the tree of heaven as a trap and used an umbrella. She then designed an electric net for this tree, using machine learning to kill the lanternflies that landed. And she finally created a solar- powered, self-cleaning “tree” that attracts the spotted lanternfly, removing the bug with an electronic net. 1．What does the quote “Not all that glitters is gold” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Things looking valuable may be worthless. B．Zhang’s hometown fails to get rid of the bug. C．Bodies of the beautiful lanternflies are shining. D．The bug destroys agricultural industry despite its beauty. 2．What can be learned about lanternflies? A．They live on greens and animals. B．They have a bad effect on people’s life. C．People hate them laying eggs everywhere. D．Their underwings are shorter than their forewings. 3．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A．The application of the trap. B．The source of the trap. C．The process of inventing the trap. D．The challenges of designing the trap. 4．Which of the following can best describe Zhang? A．Determined and innovative. B．Creative and outgoing. C．Reliable and knowledgeable. D．Intelligent and confident. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了高中生Selina Zhang如何通过自己的观察和创新，发明了一种可能有效控制城市中入侵性害虫——斑点灯蝇的方法。 1．词句猜测题。根据文章第二段中“This bug whose bright red underwings stand out from black forewings(前翅) might be pretty to look at. However, it has damaged local agricultural industry for decades, and the city has been unable to remove this problem. (这种虫子有着鲜红的下翼，从黑色的前翼中脱颖而出，看起来可能很漂亮。然而，它已经破坏了当地农业几十年，城市一直无法解决这个问题。)”可知，斑点灯蝇看起来很漂亮，但实际上对农业造成了破坏，这与“Not all that glitters is gold (并非所有闪光的都是金子)”在本句的含义相符。A. Things looking valuable may be worthless看起来有价值的东西可能毫无价值；B. Zhang’s hometown fails to get rid of the bug张的家乡没有消灭这种虫子；C. Bodies of the beautiful lanternflies are shining美丽的斑点灯蝇身体闪闪发光；D. The bug destroys agricultural industry despite its beauty这种虫子虽然美丽，却破坏了农业。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“This invasive (侵入的) pest does not harm humans or animals. However, it could reduce the quality of life of people living in heavily affected areas. (这种入侵性害虫不会伤害人类或动物。然而，它可能会降低生活在严重受感染地区的人们的生活质量。)”可知，灯笼虫对人类的生活有负面影响，故选B项。 3．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“She then designed an electric net for this tree, using machine learning to kill the lanternflies that landed. And she finally created a solar- powered, self-cleaning “tree” that attracts the spotted lanternfly, removing the bug with an electronic net. (然后她为这棵树设计了一个电网，利用机器学习杀死落在上面的斑点灯蝇。她最终创造了一棵太阳能驱动的、自清洁的“树”，吸引斑点灯蝇，用电子网去除虫子。)”可知，本段主要讲述了张发明陷阱的过程，故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“Zhang eventually realized that this insect was a threat to Garden City and decided to do something about it. (张最终意识到这种昆虫对花园城市构成了威胁，决定采取行动。)”以及最后一段“She then designed an electric net for this tree, using machine learning to kill the lanternflies that landed. And she finally created a solar- powered, self-cleaning “tree” that attracts the spotted lanternfly, removing the bug with an electronic net. (然后她为这棵树设计了一个电网，利用机器学习杀死落在上面的斑点灯蝇。她最终创造了一棵太阳能驱动的、自清洁的“树”，吸引斑点灯蝇，用电子网去除虫子。)”可知，张在发现问题后，坚持不懈地寻找解决方案，并最终创新性地发明了一种陷阱，所以张是一个有决心，并且创新的人。故选A项。 （24-25高二上·重庆·阶段练习）Imagine a busy restaurant; dishes clattering, music playing, people talking loudly over one another. It’s a wonder that anyone in that kind of environment can focus enough to have a conversation. A new study by researchers at Brown University’s Carney Institute for Brain Science provides some of the most detailed insights into the brain mechanisms that help people pay attention in such distraction, as well as what’s happening when they can’t focus. In an earlier psychology study, the researchers established that people can separately control how much they focus (by enhancing relevant information)and how much they filter (by tuning out distraction). The team’s new research, published in Nature Human Behaviour, shows the process by which the brain combines these two critical functions. To conduct the study, Ritz administered a cognitive task to participants while measuring their brain activity in an FMRI (Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging)machine. Participants saw a swirling mass of green and purple dots moving left and right, like a swarm of fireflies. The tasks, which varied in difficulty, involved distinguishing between the movement and colors of the dots. For example participants in one exercise were instructed to select which color was in the majority for the rapidly movıng dots when the rate of purple to green was almost50/50. Ritz and his co- writer Shenhav then compared the process to how humans harmonize muscle activity to perform complex physical tasks. “In the same way that we bring together more than50 muscles to perform a physical task like using chopsticks, our study found that we can integrate multiple varieties of concentrations in order to perform acts of mental flexibility,” said Ritz, who conducted the study as a PhD student at Brown. “These findings can help us to understand how we humans are able to exhibit such tremendous cognitive flexibility — to pay attention to what we want, when we want to,” Shenhav said. “They can also help us better understand limitations on that flexibility, and how limitations might appear in certain attention- related disorders such as ADHD(注意力缺陷及多动障碍), which we will study and conduct in the future.” 1．Why does the author talk about the busy restaurant at the beginning of the text? A．To complain why people can’t focus attention. B．To show people’s attention among distraction. C．To call on conversation in the busy restaurant. D．To show one example of working environment. 2．What is the third paragraph mainly about? A．The research result. B．The research participants. C．The research questions. D．The research process. 3．What do people do when they are carrying out flexible acts? A．They adjust various forms of attention. B．They bring together more than 50 muscles. C．They pay attention to the complex physical task. D．They use instruments like chopsticks to help them. 4．According to Shenhav, what can the researchers do in the future? A．Ensure cognition. B．Research diseases. C．Show flexibility. D．Limit attention. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章主要讲述了布朗大学卡尼脑科学研究所为了解帮助人们在分心时集中注意力的大脑机制，以及当他们无法集中注意力时发生了什么所进行的研究。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“A new study by researchers at Brown University’s Carney Institute for Brain Science provides some of the most detailed insights into the brain mechanisms that help people pay attention in such distraction, as well as what’s happening when they can’t focus.(布朗大学卡尼脑科学研究所的研究人员进行的一项新研究提供了一些最详细的见解，以了解帮助人们在这种分心时集中注意力的大脑机制，以及当他们无法集中注意力时发生了什么。)”可知，文章开始提到人们在嘈杂的餐厅能够专注于自己的谈话，而不会分心，是为了显示人们在有干扰的环境中的注意力。故选B。 2．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Participants saw a swirling mass of green and purple dots moving left and right, like a swarm of fireflies. The tasks, which varied in difficulty, involved distinguishing between the movement and colors of the dots. For example participants in one exercise were instructed to select which color was in the majority for the rapidly movıng dots when the rate of purple to green was almost50/50.(参与者看到一团绿色和紫色的圆点左右旋转，就像一群萤火虫，这些任务的难度各不相同，包括区分点的运动和颜色。例如，在一项练习中，参与者被要求在紫色到绿色的比例几乎是50%的情况下，选择快速movıng点的大多数颜色。)”可知，该段主要介绍了研究的具体过程。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“In the same way that we bring together more than50 muscles to perform a physical task like using chopsticks, our study found that we can integrate multiple varieties of concentrations in order to perform acts of mental flexibility,(我们的研究发现，就像我们需要50多块肌肉来完成像使用筷子这样的体力任务一样，我们可以将多种注意力集中在一起，以完成心理灵活性的动作，)”可知，当人们进行灵活性动作时，会调节不同形式的注意力，把它们集中在一起。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段Shenhav的话“They can also help us better understand limitations on that flexibility, and how limitations might appear in certain attention- related disorders such as ADHD(注意力缺陷及多动障碍), which we will study and conduct in the future.(它们还可以帮助我们更好地理解这种灵活性的局限性，以及局限性如何出现在某些与注意力相关的疾病中，如注意力缺陷及多动障碍，我们将在未来对它们进行研究。)”可知，Shenhav表明研究者们未来会研究某些与注意力相关的疾病。故选B。 （24-25高二上·重庆·阶段练习）The US government just hired a researcher who thinks we can beat aging with fresh cloned bodies and brain updates. Jean Hébert, a new hire with the US Advanced Projects Agency for Health, is expected to lead a major new initiative around “functional brain tissue replacement”, the idea of adding youthful tissue to people’s brains. The brain renewal concept could have applications such as treating stroke (中风) victims, who lose areas of brain function. But Hébert, a biologist at the Albert Einstein school of medicine, has most often proposed total brain replacement, along with replacing other parts of our body, as the only reasonable means of avoiding death from old age. The idea sounds practical since there are already organ transplants. The trickiest part is your brain. That ages, too, shrinking dramatically in old age. But you don’t want to replace it with another—because it is you. And that’s where Hébert’s research comes in. He’s been exploring ways to “progressively” replace a brain by adding bits of youthful tissue made in a lab. The process would have to be done slowly enough. in steps, that your brain could adapt, relocating memories and your self-identity. Hébert has been carrying out initial experiments with mice, removing small sections of their brains and injecting slurries of embryonic cells (胚胎细胞). It’s a step toward proving whether such youthful tissue can survive and take over important functions. To be sure, the strategy is not widely accepted, even among researchers in the aging field. “On the surface it sounds completely crazy, but I was surprised how good a case he could make for it,” says Matthew Scholz, CEO of aging research company Oisin Biotechnologies, who met with Hébert this year. Scholz is still doubtful though. “A new brain is not going to be a popular item,” he says. “The surgical element of it is going to be very severe, no matter how you slice it” Now, though, Hébert’s ideas appear to have gotten support from the US government. 1．What function does brain replacement perform according to Hébert? A．Brain replacement helps people fight against death. B．Brain replacement stops brain shrinking in old age. C．Brain replacement makes old people much smarter. D．Brain replacement cures patients suffering a stroke. 2．What does the underlined word “progressively” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Hardly. B．Completely. C．Gradually. D．Immediately. 3．What is the author’s attitude towards Hébert’s ideas? A．Supportive. B．Objective. C．Critical. D．Doubtful. 4．What can be the suitable title for the text? A．Replacing Your Brain Little by Little B．Slowing Down Aging in Your Real Life C．A Biologist Treating Your Brain Disease D．A Researcher Hired by the US Government 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是Hébert计划通过“功能性脑组织替换”来抗击衰老，即在人们的大脑中添加年轻的组织，并介绍了这项计划的具体实施方法和可能遇到的问题。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段的“But Hébert, a biologist at the Albert Einstein school of medicine, has most often proposed total brain replacement, along with replacing other parts of our body, as the only reasonable means of avoiding death from old age.(但是，作为Albert Einstein医学院的生物学家，Hébert最常提出的建议是，完全替代大脑，以及替换身体的其他部分，这是避免老年死亡的唯一合理方法。)”可知，根据Hébert的说法，大脑替换可以帮助人们对抗死亡。故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据文章第四段“The process would have to be done slowly enough. in steps, that your brain could adapt, relocating memories and your self-identity.(这个过程必须进行得足够缓慢。你的大脑可以逐步适应，重新定位记忆和自我认同。)”可知，这个过程必须足够缓慢，分步骤进行，这样大脑才能适应，重新定位记忆和自我认同，因此“progressively”意为“逐渐地”，和gradually意思相近，故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的“Scholz is still doubtful though. “A new brain is not going to be a popular item,” he says. “The surgical element of it is going to be very severe, no matter how you slice it” Now, though, Hébert’s ideas appear to have gotten support from the US government.(但Scholz仍持怀疑态度。“一个新的大脑不会是一个受欢迎的东西，”他说。“不管你怎么切，它的外科手术因素将是非常严重的。”不过，现在Hébert的想法似乎得到了美国政府的支持。)”可知，尽管Hébert的想法得到了美国政府的支持，但其他人仍然持怀疑态度，因此作者对于Hébert的想法是客观的，既提到了支持也提到了怀疑，故选B。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“But Hébert, a biologist at the Albert Einstein school of medicine, has most often proposed total brain replacement, along with replacing other parts of our body, as the only reasonable means of avoiding death from old age.(但是，作为Albert Einstein医学院的生物学家，Hébert最常提出的建议是，完全替代大脑，以及替换身体的其他部分，这是避免老年死亡的唯一合理方法。)”和第四段“The process would have to be done slowly enough. in steps, that your brain could adapt, relocating memories and your self-identity.(这个过程必须进行得足够缓慢。你的大脑可以逐步适应，重新定位记忆和自我认同。)”可知，文章主要讲述了Hébert计划通过“功能性脑组织替换”来抗击衰老，即在人们的大脑中添加年轻的组织，并介绍了这项计划的具体实施方法和可能遇到的问题，因此选项A“Replacing Your Brain Little by Little(一点一点地替换你的大脑)”可以概括文章主旨，适合做标题，故选A。 （24-25高二上·重庆·阶段练习）Imagine hopping on a school bus and being transported to an immersive (沉浸式的) educational tour of the inside of the human body—and no, not on a fictional episode of The Magic School Bus. This is the kind of experience that Meta hopes to enable for students, digitally, through its Quest virtual reality (VR) headsets. Bring VR into more classrooms could enable new kinds of learning opportunities. For example, it may allow drama students to feel like they’re having an immersive, real-time experience watching Shakespeare’s work performed at the Globe Theatre in the 17 century. New Mexico University is using the headsets to teach criminal justice students to investigate virtual crime scenes, and Morehouse College has developed a “digital twin campus” to teach students a range of subjects through VR, both through a partner program with Meta to test educational applications of the technology. But VR also creates concerns about digital safety and the potential harm to humans who are having more digital interactions and fewer in-person ones. Moreover, the cost of involving VR headsets in the classroom could be an obstacle to adoption for the many schools already struggling with limited resources. While cheaper than some other headsets on the market, Meta’s Quest 3 devices still start at $499 each. Most importantly, it remains unclear just how useful virtual reality is in helping students learn better. “I think that VR is one area where additional research is necessary,” said Vincent Quan, an education researcher and co-executive director of the Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab. “With technology, sure, it can have a lot of promise, but at the same time, there can also be a lot of hype (夸张的宣传), and I think it’s important to carefully evaluate these types of technologies. Sometimes you don’t know if it’s just innovative and cool versus actually impactful.” 1．Why is The Magic School Bus mentioned in the first paragraph? A．To introduce the topic of VR. B．To promote immersive education. C．To recommend a popular TV series D．To advertise a new means of transport. 2．How can VR benefit students according to Paragraph 2? A．By increasing their in-person interactions. B．By satisfying diverse learning requirements. C．By assisting them in understanding concepts. D．By enabling learning beyond time limitations. 3．What can be inferred from the price of VR devices? A．The price will affect that of similar products in the market. B．The price is quite acceptable to both teachers and students. C．VR devices are more cost-effective than other learning tools. D．The price can be a heavy burden for financially troubled school. 4．What does Vincent Quan suggest about VR in education? A．Technology will make it useful and cheap. B．Teachers can depend on it in the classroom. C．It can benefit all students around the world. D．More research is needed to evaluate its impact 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了将虚拟现实技术应用到课堂的现象，并指出了其中的一些问题。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Imagine hopping on a school bus and being transported to an immersive (沉浸式的) educational tour of the inside of the human body—and no, not on a fictional episode of The Magic School Bus. This is the kind of experience that Meta hopes to enable for students, digitally, through its Quest virtual reality (VR) headsets.(想象一下，跳上校车，被带到人体内部的沉浸式教育之旅中——不，不是在《魔法校车》的虚构情节中。这是Meta希望通过其Quest虚拟现实（VR）耳机为学生提供的一种数字体验。)”可知，第一段描述了坐校车参与人体内部的沉浸式教育之旅的奇妙场景，并指出这并不是《魔法校车》的虚构情节，而是Quest虚拟现实（VR）耳机为学生提供的一种数字体验，由此可推测出，作者提到《魔法校车》是为了引出虚拟现实（VR）这个话题。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“Bring VR into more classrooms could enable new kinds of learning opportunities. For example, it may allow drama students to feel like they’re having an immersive, real-time experience watching Shakespeare’s work performed at the Globe Theatre in the 17 century. New Mexico University is using the headsets to teach criminal justice students to investigate virtual crime scenes, and Morehouse College has developed a “digital twin campus” to teach students a range of subjects through VR, both through a partner program with Meta to test educational applications of the technology.(将VR带入更多的教室可以带来新类型的学习机会。例如，它可能会让戏剧专业的学生感觉他们正在观看17世纪在环球剧院上演的莎士比亚作品，这是一种身临其境的实时体验。新墨西哥大学正在使用耳机教刑事司法学生调查虚拟犯罪现场，莫尔豪斯学院开发了一个“数字双校园”，通过VR向学生教授一系列科目，这两个项目都是通过与Meta的合作项目来测试该技术的教育应用。)”可知，第二段指出VR可以带来新类型的学习机会，并罗列了喜剧专业学生观看莎士比亚作品、刑事司法学生调查虚拟犯罪现场、“数字双校园”的例子，从而说明VR可以满足不同的学习需求。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Moreover, the cost of involving VR headsets in the classroom could be an obstacle to adoption for the many schools already struggling with limited resources.(此外，对于许多已经在资源有限的情况下苦苦挣扎的学校来说，在课堂上使用VR耳机的成本可能会成为采用的障碍。)”可知，VR设备的价格高，对财政困难的学校来说是一个沉重的负担。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的““I think that VR is one area where additional research is necessary,” said Vincent Quan, an education researcher and co-executive director of the Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab.(Abdul Latif Jameel贫困行动实验室的教育研究员兼联合执行主任Vincent Quan说：“我认为VR是一个需要进一步研究的领域。”)”可知，Vincent Quan建议有必要对VR设备在教育中的运用进行进一步研究。故选D。 （24-25高二上·江苏南京·阶段练习）When driving, Clara-Marina Martinez makes a note of any unusual behaviour she sees on the road. She then feeds these into machine-learning algorithms (算法), a form of AI, which she is helping develop for Porsche Engineering. Those algorithms are intended to produce a system reliable enough for a car to drive itself. Such a fully autonomous car, known in the industry as Level 5, should be able to complete an entire journey without any intervention (介入) from the driver, and deal with all situations on the road. But this is proving hard to achieve, and many attempts to do so are being abandoned. Last year, for instance, Uber sold off its unit developing self-driving cars. Autonomous vehicles are said to be not just convenient but potentially safer. However, just as people take time to learn how to drive safely, so do machines. And machines are not quick learners. The RAND Corporation calculates that to develop a system 20% safer than a human driver, 100self-driving cars would have to operate 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. Carmakers such as Porsche therefore speed up the development process using simulators (模拟器). These teach software about dangers rarely encountered in reality. Dr Martinez and her colleagues employ “game engines” to do this. These are used to create virtual worlds through which the software can drive. Objects in these virtual worlds are assigned their physical characteristics (ie, buildings are hard, people are soft) so that the sensors in vehicles respond in the appropriate way. Once the software has been trained, it is tested in real autonomous vehicles by re-creating those situations on a test track. How quickly all this will translate into reality remains to be seen. Both regulators and customers will need to overcome the doubt that a software driver really can be safer than a human being. From Porsche’s point of view, though, there is another question. Given that much of the reason owning a sports car is for owners to show off their driving skills, just how big a market will there be for a version where software takes those bragging (炫耀的) rights away? 1．Why does Clara-Marina Martinez note the unusual behaviour on the road? A．To market Porsche cars. B．To improve an AI technology. C．To learn to be a responsible driver. D．To enjoy riding in a self-driving car. 2．The problem with self-driving cars is that . A．they learn as slowly as human beings B．they operate for a very short period of time C．they have to be monitored by human drivers D．they need a long time to reach a certain safety level 3．What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 4 refer to? A．Employing simulators on a test track. B．Speeding the development of process. C．Figuring out the physical road dangers. D．Separating the real world from the virtual world. 4．What worries Porsche according to the last paragraph? A．The reliability of car software. B．The future of the sports car market. C．The driving skills of human beings. D．The quality of self-driving cars in the future. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述开发自动驾驶汽车的问题以及对跑车市场的影响。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“When driving, Clara-Marina Martinez makes a note of any unusual behaviour she sees on the road. She then feeds these into machine learning algorithms (算法), a form of AI, which she is helping develop for Porsche Engineering. (开车时，Clara-Marina Martinez会记下她在路上看到的任何异常行为。然后，她将这些输入到机器学习算法中，这是一种人工智能，她正在帮助保时捷工程集团开发这种算法。)”及第二段“Those algorithms are intended to produce a system reliable enough for a car to drive itself. (这些算法旨在产生一个足够可靠的系统，让汽车自动驾驶)”可知，Clara-Marina Martinez将开车时的异常输入到人工智能算法中，弥补人工智能算法的不足，使其更可靠。由此推知，Clara-Marina Martinez打算改进人工智能技术。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Autonomous vehicles are said to be not just convenient but potentially safer. However, just as people take time to learn how to drive safely, so do machines. And machines are not quick learners. The RAND Corporation calculates that to develop a system 20% safer than a human driver, 100self-driving cars would have to operate 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. (据说自动驾驶汽车不仅方便，而且可能更安全。然而，正如人们花时间学习如何安全驾驶一样，机器也是如此。机器不是快速学习者。兰德公司计算出，要开发一个比人类驾驶员安全20%的系统，100辆自动驾驶汽车必须一年365天，每天24小时运行)”可知，自动驾驶汽车需要长时间学习如何安全驾驶，即自动驾驶汽车需要很长时间才能达到一定的安全水平。由此推知，自动驾驶汽车的问题是：需要很长时间才能达到一定的安全水平。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线处上句“Carmakers such as Porsche therefore speed up the development process using simulators (模拟器). These teach software about dangers rarely encountered in reality.(因此，保时捷等汽车制造商使用模拟器加快了开发过程。这些教会软件有关现实中很少遇到的危险)”以及“Dr Martinez and her colleagues employ “game engines”(马丁内斯博士和她的同事们使用了“游戏引擎”)”可知，“this”指代Martinez博士和她的同事用“游戏引擎”教会软件有关现实中很少遇到的危险。C项：Figuring out the physical road dangers.(能够识别道路危险)合乎题意。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“From Porsche’s point of view, though, there is another question. Given that much of the reason for owning a sports car is for owners to show off their driving skills, just how big a market will there be for a version where software takes those bragging rights (炫耀的权利) away? (不过，从保时捷的角度来看，还有另一个问题。鉴于拥有跑车的大部分原因是为了让车主炫耀他们的驾驶技能，对于软件剥夺了那些炫耀的权利这一版本，市场会有多大？)”可知，买跑车的原因是为了炫技，但软件剥夺了车主炫技的权利。由此推知，保时捷公司担心跑车市场的未来。故选B。 （24-25高二上·四川成都·阶段练习）Robert Chmielewski has had quadriplegia (四肢瘫痪) since his teens. Sensors implanted (植入) in his brain read his thoughts to control two robotic arms, which helps him to perform daily tasks. Now he can use one robotic arm to control a knife and the other a fork. Modern technology can reach inside someone’s head and pull out what he is thinking. Maybe he intends to move a robotic arm or type something on a computer screen. Such thought-controlled devices can help people who aren’t able to move or perform different tasks and promote the well-being of the disabled. Decoding (解码) thought usually requires placing sensors directly on or in someone’s brain. Those implanted sensors can catch the electrical signals passing between the person’s brain cells, or neurons. Such signals carry messages that allow brains to think, feel and control the body. Using brain implants, researchers have picked up electrical signals in the brain linked to certain words or letters. This has allowed brain implants to transform thoughts into text or speech on a computer. Likewise, brain implants have transformed imagined handwriting into text on a screen. Implanted sensors have even allowed scientists to turn the signals they caught that are associated with a song in someone’s head into real music. In a recent study, scientists decoded full stories from people’s brains using MRI scans (磁共振成像扫描). This did not require any brain implants. But building the thought decoder did require many hours of brain scans for each person. What’s more, the system only worked on the person whose brain scans helped build it and only when that person was willing to have their mind read. So devices that might let someone secretly read your mind from across the room are still a long, long way off. Still, it’s clear that mind-reading tech is getting more advanced. As it does, scientists are thinking hard about what it would mean to live in a world where not even the inside of your head is completely private. 1．What is the purpose of the first paragraph? A．To give an example. B．To compare the facts. C．To explain the reason. D．To introduce the topic. 2．Which of the following is mentioned in the text? A．What principles a thought decoder should follow. B．How MRI monitors the work of the implanted sensors. C．What’s used to catch signals passing through the brain. D．How robotic arms are designed to satisfy different needs. 3．What is scientists’ attitude towards the future of the technology discussed in the text? A．Concerned. B．Confident. C．Doubtful. D．Indifferent. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Mind Reading is Stealing Our Privacy B．Mind Reading is Hard, but not Impossible C．Mind Reading—Good News for Musicians D．Mind Reading—a Brain-scanning Technology 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了现代科技可以读取人的思想，从而操控移动机械臂来执行不同的任务，促进残疾人的福祉。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Robert Chmielewski has had quadriplegia (四肢瘫痪) since his teens. Sensors implanted (植入) in his brain read his thoughts to control two robotic arms, which helps him to perform daily tasks. Now he can use one robotic arm to control a knife and the other a fork.(罗伯特·奇米莱夫斯基从十几岁起就四肢瘫痪。植入他大脑的传感器可以读取他的想法，从而控制两个机械臂，帮助他完成日常任务。现在他可以用一只机械臂控制刀，另一只机械臂控制叉子)”可推知，第一段的目的是介绍主题。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Decoding (解码) thought usually requires placing sensors directly on or in someone’s brain. Those implanted sensors can catch the electrical signals passing between the person’s brain cells, or neurons.(解码思想通常需要将传感器直接放置在某人的大脑上或大脑中。这些植入的传感器可以捕捉到在人的脑细胞或神经元之间传递的电信号)”以及第四段“Using brain implants, researchers have picked up electrical signals in the brain linked to certain words or letters. This has allowed brain implants to transform thoughts into text or speech on a computer. Likewise, brain implants have transformed imagined handwriting into text on a screen.(通过植入大脑，研究人员在大脑中采集到了与某些单词或字母相关的电信号。这使得大脑植入物能够在计算机上将思想转化为文本或语音。同样，大脑植入物已经将想象中的笔迹转化为屏幕上的文本)”可知，短文提及了被用来捕捉通过大脑信号的工具。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“As it does, scientists are thinking hard about what it would mean to live in a world where not even the inside of your head is completely private.(与此同时，科学家们正在努力思考，生活在一个连大脑内部都不完全隐私的世界里意味着什么)”可推知，科学家对文中讨论的技术的未来持担忧态度。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Modern technology can reach inside someone’s head and pull out what he is thinking. Maybe he intends to move a robotic arm or type something on a computer screen. Such thought-controlled devices can help people who aren’t able to move or perform different tasks and promote the well-being of the disabled.(现代科技可以进入一个人的大脑，并把他的想法提取出来。也许他打算移动机械臂或在电脑屏幕上输入一些东西。这种思想控制的设备可以帮助那些无法移动或执行不同任务的人，并促进残疾人的福祉)”结合文章主要说明了现代科技可以读取人的思想，从而操控移动机械臂来执行不同的任务，促进残疾人的福祉。可知，B选项“读心术很难，但并非不可能”最符合文章标题。故选B。 （24-25高二上·湖南·阶段练习）Frederick McKinley Jones was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, on May 17, 1893. By the time Frederick was7 years old, his father sent young Jones to live with a priest（牧师）in Kentucky. At the age of 11, Jones ran away to feed himself. He returned to Cincinnati and worked as an entrance guard in a garage where he developed a skill for automobile mechanics. He became a leader of the shop. In 1912 he landed in Hallock, Minnesota, where he obtained a job doing mechanical work on a farm. Jones had talent for and an interest in mechanics. He read extensively on the subject and educated himself in his spare time. By the time he was twenty, Jones was able to get an engineering license in Minnesota. He served in the U. S. Army during World War I（WWI）where he was often called upon to make repairs to machines and other equipment. After the war, he returned to the farm. It was on the Hallock farm that Jones educated himself further in electronics. He built a transmitter (发射机) for the new radio station to broadcast its programming. He also developed a device to combine moving pictures with sound. Jones continued to expand his interests in the1930s. He designed and patented (获得专利) a portable air-cooling unit for trucks carrying perishable (易腐烂的) food. Forming a partnership with Numero, Jones founded the U. S. Thermo Control Company. The company burgeoned during World War II, helping to preserve blood, medicine and food. Over the course of his career Jones received more than 60 patents. He was recognized for his achievements both during his lifetime and after his death. Jones died of lung cancer in Minneapolis, Minnesota, on February 21, 1961. He was chosen into the Minnesota Inventors Hall of Fame in 1977. In 1991, then — President George H. W. Bush awarded the National Medal of Technology to Numero and Jones at a ceremony held in the White House Rose Garden. 1．What was Jones doing when he was 19? A．He was staying with a kind priest. B．He was developing a new interest. C．He was running his own garage. D．He was doing work related to machinery. 2．Which of the following is TRUE about the portable air-cooling unit? A．It was designed for trucks. B．It was used to produce food. C．It was bought by a company. D．It was popular during WWI. 3．What does the underlined word “burgeoned” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Grew greatly. B．Got help. C．Stopped production. D．Faced difficulty. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the last paragraph? A．To introduce patents of Jones. B．To show Jones got an award. C．To express Jones was recognized. D．To show regret over Jones’ death. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了弗雷德里克·麦金利·琼斯的生平及其在机械与发明方面的成就。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段的“Frederick McKinley Jones was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, on May 17, 1893.(弗雷德里克·麦金利·琼斯于1893年5月17日出生于俄亥俄州辛辛那提)”以及“In 1912 he landed in Hallock, Minnesota, where he obtained a job doing mechanical work on a farm.(1912年，他抵达明尼苏达州的哈洛克，在那里他找到了一份在农场做机械工作的工作)”可知，Jones在19岁时在Minnesota的一个农场从事机械工作。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段的“He designed and patented (获得专利) a portable air- cooling unit for trucks carrying perishable (易腐烂的) food.(他为运输易腐食品的卡车设计了一种便携式空气冷却装置，并获得了专利)”可知，Jones设计并获得专利的便携式空调装置是为运输易腐食品的卡车所设计的。故选A。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线单词前面的句子“He designed and patented (获得专利) a portable air- cooling unit for trucks carrying perishable (易腐烂的) food. Forming a partnership with Numero, Jones founded the U. S. Thermo Control Company. (他为运输易腐食品的卡车设计了一种便携式空气冷却装置，并获得了专利。Jones 与Numero建立了合作关系，创立了美国温控公司)”以及“helping to preserve blood, medicine and food(有助于保存血液、药品和食物)”可知，Jones组建的公司有一款便携式空气冷却装置，能够保存血液，药物和食物，这些正是战争需要的。所以他的公司在二战的时候得以迅速发展。所以划线单词意为“迅速发展”。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Over the course of his career Jones received more than 60 patents. He was recognized for his achievements both during his lifetime and after his death. Jones died of lung cancer in Minneapolis, Minnesota, on February 21, 1961. He was chosen into the Minnesota Inventors Hall of Fame in 1977. In 1991, then- President George H. W. Bush awarded the National Medal of Technology to Numero and Jones at a ceremony held in the White House Rose Garden.(在他的职业生涯中，Jones获得了60多项专利。他生前和死后的成就都得到了认可。1961年2月21日，琼斯因肺癌癌症在明尼苏达州明尼阿波利斯市去世。1977年，他入选明尼苏达州发明家名人堂。1991年，时任总统乔治·H·W·布什在白宫玫瑰园举行的仪式上向Numero和Jones颁发了国家技术奖章)”可知，最后一段主要讲述了Jones在去世前后所获得的认可，包括进入发明家名人堂和获得国家技术奖章等荣誉。因此作者的目的在于展示Jones的工作得到了广泛的认可。故选C。 （24-25高二上·江西南昌·阶段练习）In 1957 a group of physicists gathered in a lecture hall at Princeton University to be addressed by a Chinese American woman. As she told the crowd about her recent experiment and its results, the response was dead silence for two minutes, then a thunderous applause continued for ten minutes. The woman was Chien-Shiung Wu, known as the First Lady of Physics, who transformed nuclear science through her work on the Manhattan Project and other groundbreaking experiments. Born in 1912 near Shanghai, China, Wu was influenced by her father, an engineer, and her mother, an educator. Unlike many Chinese women of her time, she received a formal education. Fascinated by new discoveries and the story of women scientists like Marie Curie, she entered National Central University to study physics and then began her scientific studies. It was a time of rapid change in both the field of physics and China. Domestic unrest and a bad relationship with Japan made life at home uneasy. With the help of an uncle, she immigrated to the United States for graduate school. Wu planned to go to the University of Michigan, but a tour of the University of California, Berkeley-and word that a student center at Michigan did not allow female students to enter through the front door-changed her mind. At Berkeley Wu was visible for her gender and race, and from the start her male colleagues commented as much on her physical appearance as her keen mind. She quickly gained a reputation and became an expert in the newly discovered phenomenon of nuclear fission (核裂变). After graduation, she headed to Smith College to teach women physics. During World War Two Wu went to Princeton University, where she became the physics department’s first female instructor. But shortly after her arrival, her career took an unexpected turn in 1944. She ended up joining the staff at Columbia University on a top-secret research program now known as the Manhattan Project. 1．Which word best describes the lecture in Paragraph 1? A．Boring. B．Humorous. C．Excellent. D．Common. 2．What inspired Wu to study physics? A．The background of her family. B．The success of women scientists. C．The formal education she received. D．The rapid change in the field of physics. 3．What happened to Wu in America? A．She was looked down on at Berkeley. B．She went to the University of Michigan at first. C．She taught women physics at Princeton University. D．She joined a top-secret research program at Columbia University. 4．Which of the following best describes Wu as a scientist? A．Modest and independent. B．Creative and warm-hearted. C．Responsible and cautious. D．Committed and ambitious. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了“物理界第一夫人”吴健雄的生平，讲述了她的求学经历，科研之路以及对核科学的贡献。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“As she told the crowd about her recent experiment and its results, the response was dead silence for two minutes, then a thunderous applause continued for ten minutes.(当她向人群讲述她最近的实验及其结果时，回应是两分钟的死寂，然后是持续了十分钟的雷鸣般的掌声)”可知，当她向听众介绍她的实验和结果后，现场先是沉默了两分钟，随后是长达十分钟的雷鸣般掌声，由此可推知，她的演讲很精彩。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Fascinated by new discoveries and the story of women scientists like Marie Curie, she entered National Central University to study physics and then began her scientific studies.(她被新发现和像玛丽·居里这样的女科学家的故事所吸引，于是进入中央大学学习物理，然后开始她的科学研究)”可知，吴健雄被新发现和像玛丽·居里这样的女科学家的故事所吸引，所以选择学习物理。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“But shortly after her arrival, her career took an unexpected turn in 1944. She ended up joining the staff at Columbia University on a top-secret research program now known as the Manhattan Project.(但在她到达后不久，1944年，她的职业生涯发生了意想不到的转折。她最终加入了哥伦比亚大学的一个绝密研究项目，该项目现在被称为曼哈顿计划)”可知，吴健雄到美国后，加入了哥伦比亚大学的一个绝密研究项目，该项目现在被称为曼哈顿计划。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段中“The woman was Chien-Shiung Wu, known as the First Lady of Physics, who transformed nuclear science through her work on the Manhattan Project and other groundbreaking experiments.(这位女士就是被称为“物理学第一夫人”的吴建雄，她通过在曼哈顿计划和其他开创性实验中的工作改变了核科学)”、第四段中“Wu planned to go to the University of Michigan, but a tour of the University of California, Berkeley-and word that a student center at Michigan did not allow female students to enter through the front door-changed her mind.(吴原计划去密歇根大学，但在参观了加州大学伯克利分校后，听说该校的一个学生中心不允许女学生从前门进入，她改变了主意)”和“She quickly gained a reputation and became an expert in the newly discovered phenomenon of nuclear fission (核裂变).(她很快获得了声誉，并成为新发现的核裂变现象的专家)”以及最后一段中“After graduation, she headed to Smith College to teach women physics. During World War Two Wu went to Princeton University, where she became the physics department’s first female instructor.(毕业后，她前往史密斯学院教授女性物理。第二次世界大战期间，吴去了普林斯顿大学，在那里她成为物理系的第一位女讲师)”可知，吴健雄致力于物理学的研究，并取得很多开创性的成果，故她是一个具有奉献精神和有雄心的科学家，故选D项。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$