Unit 4 Body language Discover Useful Structures 课件-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册

Discovering useful structures UNIT 4 BODY LANGUAGE contents The -ing form as object Ⅱ The -ing form as predicative Ⅲ Homework Ⅳ Warming up Review “the -ing form” used as subject Ⅴ Ⅵ 非谓语动词的种类 Ⅰ Sum up 2 Ⅰ 非谓语动词的种类 3 非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，即动词的非谓语形式。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的任何成分。 第 4 页 非谓语动词有哪些形式？ done——被动或完成 doing——主动或进行 to do——目的或将来 4 Ⅱ Warming up 5 Lead-in Observe the following sentences and the feature of the v-ing. Eating delicious food makes me happy！ I like playing with Tom Cat. object subject Observe the following sentences and the feature of the v-ing. My hobby is playing basketball ！ I always imagine driving my car to travel . object predicative V-ing form acts as object and predicative 1. _______ (eat) too much fast food is harmful to your health.   2. _______ (see) is believing. 3. It’s a waste of time __________ (regret后悔) what you have missed. 4. My son’s ______ (fail) to pass the exam made me worried. 5. _________ (learn) to think critically批判性地 is an important skill today’s children will need for the future. 6. ______ (be) deeply loved by someone gives you strength, while loving someone deeply gives you courage. Eating Seeing regretting failing Learning Being Review “the -ing form” used as subject 1. For example, making eye contact — looking into someone’s eyes — in some countries is a way to display interest. (P38, L7) 2. In many countries, shaking one’s head means “no”, and nodding means “yes”. (P38, L21) 3. Placing your hands together and resting them on the side of your head while closing your eyes means “sleep”. (P39, L1) Find out all the sentences whose -ing form are used as subject from the reading text 9 Ⅲ The -ing form as object 10 She enjoys learning about body language in different cultures. 动词的宾语 Find other sentences whose -ing form come after the verb as object from the reading text on Page 38 and Page 39. Look at the example below, paying attention to the red parts and figure out the function of them. 11 However, you should avoid making this gesture in Brazil and Germany, as it is not considered polite. (P38, L17) 2. Elsewhere, people favour shaking hands, bowing from the waist, or nodding the head when they meet someone else. (P38, L27) 3. Experts suggest smiling at yourself in the mirror to make yourself feel happier and stronger. (P39, L8) Find other sentences whose -ing form come after the verb as object from the reading text 12 第 13 页 复习：动名词作主语 判断动词-ing作宾语和表语 分析——作宾语 结论 情况1、有些动词后只能跟动词-ing形式作宾语 Study 考虑,建议,盼,原谅: consider, suggest / advise, look forward to, pardon 承认,推迟,没得,想: admit, delay / put off, fancy / imagine 避免,错过,继续,练: avoid, miss, keep / keep on, practice 否认,完成,停,能赏: deny, finish, stop, enjoy / appreciate 不禁,介意,准,逃亡: can’t help, mind, allow / permit, escape 禁止,冒险,凭,想象: forbid, risk, imagine 难以,忍受,始,反对: can’t stand, set about / get down to, object to 想要,成功,坚持,忙: feel like, succeed in, insist on, be busy (in) ... 习惯,放弃,有困难: get used to, give up, have difficulty / trouble (in) ... 导致,专心,不,推迟: lead to / contribute to, be devoted to, put off 13 动词allow, advise, forbid, permit等可直接跟动词-ing形式作宾语，不可以接动词不定式作宾语，但可接不定式作宾语补语。 allow doing (√) allow to do(×) allow sb to do (√) advise doing (√) advise to do(×) advise sb to do (√) forbid doing (√) forbid to do(×) forbd sb to do (√) permit doing (√) permit to do(×) permit sb to do (√) We don't permit smoking here. Please permit me to say a few words. Study Every time you feel like _________ (smoke) a cigarette, remind yourself that you are a non-smoker. 2. Would you mind ________ (wait) here for some minutes? 3. She is busy __________ (prepare) for the coming exam. 4. I always have difficulty ____________ (pronounce) new words. 5. She is considering _________ (buy) a house in Shanghai. smoking waiting preparing pronouncing buying The -ing form of the words and phrases come after some verb and verb phrases as object. 15 页码 16 1、He admitted ___________ (refer) to his notes in the exam. 他承认在考试中查阅了笔记。 2、She can’t stand _____________________ (look down upon) in public.她忍受不了在公众场合被人看不起的感觉。 referring being look down upon Practice The -ing form 形式 主动 被动 一般式 完成式 (not) being done (not) having done (not) doing (not) having been done Conclude and summarise 1. 很抱歉我没有按时交作业。 I am sorry for ____________ (not, handle) my homework on time. 2. 弗雷迪和他的乐队走到哪里都会有人跟随。 Freddy and his band could not go out anywhere without _____________ (follow). 3. 我不知道他竟然会干出这种事情与你对抗。 I have no idea of his ___________ (do) such a thing against you. 4. 许多消费者抱怨那家商店缺斤少两。 Many customers complain of __________________ (give) short weight at that shop. not handling having been given being followed having done Fill in the blanks with proper expressions. 第 19 页 复习：动名词作主语 动词-ing作宾语和表语 分析 结论 动词-ing To do Like, love, hate prefer 泛指的动作 具体的一次性动作 Begin, start, continue 意义无区别 Forget，remember， regret 已经发生的动作 将要发生的动作 情况2、有些动词后既可跟动词-ing形式作宾语, 也可跟动词不定式作宾语。 19 页码 20 go on doing 继续做原来做的事 go on to do 接着做另一件事 mean doing 意味着要做某事 mean to do 想要做某事 stop doing 停止做某事 stop to do 停下来（别的事） 对比分析： For example: 1\ Stop talking! 2\ He stopped to pick up the pencil. Translate and get the difference. remember doing 记得过去曾经做过某事 remember to do 记住要去做的 exercise I once tried ________ (learn) French. Let’s try _________ (knock) at the back door. 页码 21 try doing 试着做某事 try to do 努力做某事 be used to doing 习惯于做某事 be used to do 被用来做某事 can't help doing 禁不住做某事 can't help to do 不能帮助做某事 to learn knocking forget to do 忘记要去做的事 forget doing 忘记了过去做过的事 regret doing 后悔做了某事 regret to do 很遗憾地去做某事 页码 22 即：need/require/want/deserve/desire doing ＝need/require/want/deserve/desire to be done For example: 1.These clothes need washing.＝ These clothes need _____________________. 2.The house requires _________________. ＝The house requires to be repaired. to be washed repairing 情况3、在动词need，require，want, deserve, desire等少数表“需要”的动词后，用动词-ing形式表示被动含义 We can learn a lot about what people are thinking by watching their body language. (P38, L2) 介词的宾语 Find other sentences whose -ing form come after the preposition as object from the reading text on Page 38 and Page 39. Look at the examples below, paying attention to the red parts and figure out the function of them. 23 A good way of saying “I am full” is moving your hand in circles over your stomach after a meal. (P39, L3) 2. And if we are feeling down or lonely, there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend. (P39, L9) Find other sentences whose -ing form come after the preposition as object from the reading text 24 页码 25 I’m looking forward to_________(receive) your letter. receiving 情况4、动词-ing形式作介词的宾语。注意: be/get used to, look forward to, pay attention to, stick to, devote to等中的to都是介词而不是动词不定式符号。 ★高中阶段常见的带介词to的短语，后接-ing形式或名词: look forward to（渴望，盼望），contribute to（捐助、贡献），get down to（着手做），give way to（让位），take to（从事），stick to（忠于、坚持），be used to （习惯于）， devote oneself to （献身于），object to（反对，抗议），pay attention to（注意） ，adjust oneself to...（调整以适应...) 常见的动介词搭配+-ing形式：look forward to，insist on，set about， can't help,，be proud of，be responsible for，keep on，think of，dream of，hear of，prevent…from，keep…from，stop…from，be engaged in，depend on，thank…for，aim at，be fond of，be afraid of，be tired of，succeed in，put off，give up，be worth，be busy （in） doing sth ，be interested in，be ashamed of等。 Study 页码 27 spend...（in） doing sth.花费……做某事 have difficulty/trouble （in） doing...做……有困难/麻烦 stop/prevent...（from） doing sth.阻止……做某事 waste time （in） doing sth.浪费时间做某事 be busy （in） doing sth.忙于做某事 have a good/hard time （in） doing sth.高兴做某事/费了很大劲做某事 there is no point （in） doing sth.做某事毫无意义 以下结构中，动词-ing形式作介词的宾语，介词常省略。 1. Making good use of things is an approach to ________(protect) the environment. 2. On _________ (arrive), we set about __________ (climb) in groups. 3. Above all I have learned that smiling is the key to _______ (solve) any problem. 4. My father is used to ______ (go) to bed late and ________ (get) up very early. protecting arriving climbing solving going getting The -ing form of the words and phrases come after preposition as object. 物尽其用 方法 28 5. By _______ (bow), we mean “bending our head or body forward as a sign of respect or shame”. 6. We intended to visit the same park but ended up _______ (call) on Professor Zhang. 7. We should insist on __________ (practice) our spoken English on a daily basis. 8. I’m looking forward to ___________ (receive) your reply. bowing calling practicing receiving The -ing form of the words and phrases come after preposition as object. 29 用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词-ing形式。其结构是： sb.＋动词＋it＋adj.＋动词-ing形式 常用动词有： think, like, hate, consider, find, feel, believe等 I feel it difficult trying again. I found it useless/no use crying over the split milk. 动词-ing形式的复合结构： 名词宾格/名词所有格/形容词性物主代词＋动词-ing形式 Would you mind my/me opening the window? Would you mind Mary’s/Mary closing the window？ Study Ⅳ The -ing form as predicative 31 The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate to the culture you are in. (P38, L5) 作表语 Find other sentences whose -ing form come after the linking verb as predicative from the reading text on Page 38 and Page 39. Look at the examples below, paying attention to the red parts and figure out the function of them. 32 1. A good way of saying “I am full” is moving your hand in circles over your stomach after a meal. (P39, L3) 2. Perhaps the best example is smiling. (P39, L5) Find other sentences whose -ing form come after the linking verb as predicative from the reading text 33 Their job is building houses. The real question is getting to know the needs of the people. （1）v-ing形式作表语，表示主语的内容，指一般性、经常性的动作。 （2）v-ing形式作表语，总是跟在系动词之后，表示主语所具有的特征。 This story is very interesting. The problem is quite puzzling. 这个问题很令人困惑。 Study 注意：分词(adj)作表语有两种情况 一种是-ing形式作表语，一种是-ed形式作表语。 -ing形式用来描述事物的特征，表示“令人...的”，-ed形式用来描述人的感受，表示“感到...的”。 如：exciting 令人激动的 excited 兴奋的 interesting 使人感兴趣的 interested感兴趣的 exciting令人激动的 excited感到激动的 disappointing令人失望的 disappointed感到失望的 puzzling令人费解的 puzzled感到费解的 satisfying令人满意的 satisfied感到满意的 Study 1. Bill’s job is _________ (teach) sign language. 2. The theme of his presentation is __________ (break) down barriers between groups. 3. The story is very _____________ (encourage). 4. Body language is ____________ (fascinate) for everyone to study. 思考: teaching, breaking 和encouraging, fascinating 有何不同？ teaching 和 breaking 为动名词； encouraging 和 fascinating 为分词形容词 teaching breaking encouraging fascinating The -ing form of the words and phrases come after the linking verb系动词 as predicative. 36 比较分词形容词和动名词作表语 His hobby is interesting. His hobby is collecting stamps. Interesting is his hobby. Collecting stamps is his hobby. （分词形容词） （动名词） ✘ ✔ The -ing form as predicative 37 分词形容词和动名词作表语时在形式上没有任何区别，但是在功能和意义上有较大差异：  分词形容词说明主语的________，回答 how 的问题；  动名词说明主语的_______，回答 what 的问题； 动名词作表语说明主语的内容, 因此可以和主语___________； 而分词形容词则_________作主语。 特性 内容 互换位置 不可以 Summary The -ing form as predicative Ⅴ Sum up 39 Sum up the -ing form as subject the -ing form as object the -ing form as predictive the -ing form 1.有些动词后只能跟动词-ing形式作宾语 2.有些动词后既可跟动词-ing形式作宾语, 也可跟动词不定式作宾语。 3.在少数表“需要”的动词后，用动词-ing形式表示被动含义 4.动词-ing形式作介词的宾语 1.v-ing形式作表语，表示主语的内容，指一般性、经常性的动作。 2.v-ing形式作表语，总是跟在系动词之后，表示主语所具有的特征。 40 Complete the sentences using the -ing form and state their functions.P41 1. Bill's job is _________ sign language. 2. The theme of his presentation is _____________ barriers between groups. 3. By _________, we mean “bending our head or body forward as a sign of respect or shame”. teaching amuse, teach, break down, call on, bow, get through, assess breaking down bowing object predicative predicative 4. ______________ three kilometers of heavy traffic took me almost 25 minutes. 5. We intended to visit the theme park but ended up ___________ Professor Zhang. Getting through calling on subject object of the verb phrase 41 Complete the passage with the correct forms of the words and phrases below. (P41) lie challenge consider individual differences maintain consider the whole picture evaluate a patient’s condition Reading body language is not an easy task. It can be _____________ because interpreting the signs that another person shows requires ____________________. In this sense, it can be compared to a doctor ______________________________. ____________________________________ is also key to reading people’s body language accurately. For example, when ______, some people avoid eye contact. By contrast, others may __________ eye contact even longer than usual. challenging considering the whole picture evaluating a patient’s condition Considering individual differences lying maintain 42 IV Homework 43 1.Modem methods of _________ (track) polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s.（2019年全国I语法填空） 2.I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid _________ (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel __________ (challenge). (2018年全国III 语法填空） tracking 高考链接 The -ing form as predicative looking challenged 3.I still remember _______ (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I was ________ (shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time. （2018年浙江 语法填空） 4.What worried him most was ________________ (not, allow) to visit his sick children.（2007年北京） 5.It is believed that if a book is __________ (interest), and it will surely _______ (interest) the reader.（2003年上海） visiting shocked 高考链接 The -ing form as predicative not being allowed interesting interest 6.He remained __________ （stand） beside the table. 7.Her job is _________ （keep） the lecture hall as clean as possible. 8.The argument is very ____________ （convince）. 9.Keep on ________ （try） and you will succeed. 10.He had a terrific sense of humour and could be very __________ （amuse). 高考链接 The -ing form as predicative standing keeping convincing trying amusing Once there was a talented man whose dream is ___________ (serve) the king. Fortunately, the king let him _____ (live) in his palace because he appreciated the man’s outstanding skills. But the queen disagreed with the decision. So the king allowed his wife ___________ (forbid) the man’s staying there if he made any mistakes. Though the man knew the queen disliked him, he didn’t mind it at all. He kept ________ (do) his work, enjoyed __________ (work) there, insisted on ___________ (practice), and never gave up _______ (try). His hard work was always __________ (satisfy), and after a whole day’s work, he went to bed and imagined his being liked by the queen. He felt like _______ (live) in this way. serving live to forbid doing working practicing trying satisfying living 语篇活用 The -ing form as predicative But all his hard work couldn’t protect him from his bad fortune. The queen could not help ________ (get) more tired of him. He knew it, but he refused to admit it. People around suggested he ________ (leave) the palace, and some advised him ___________ (have) a talk with the queen. But he refused angrily. The queen always considered ________ (kill) him and in this way, he could not avoid death although he devoted all his time to ________ (serve) them. In the end, the queen made up an excuse that his flowers died after the man’s ________ (arrive). As a result, the man did not escape being killed. getting leave to have killing serving arrival 语篇活用 The -ing form as predicative 1. 学习现代生活很重要。 2. 辩论这事是浪费时间。 3. 覆水难收. 4. 我建议用另一种方法做这件事。 5. 他们不喜欢跑步。 6.不要害怕说英语. 7.他的爱好是集邮。 8.我的工作是照顾孩子。 9. 这个问题很令人困惑。 Production 1. Learning is important to modern life. 2. It's a waste of time arguing about it. 3. It is no use crying over spilt milk. 4. I suggest doing it in a different way. 5. They don’t like running. 6. Don’t be afraid of speaking English. 7. His hobby is collecting stamps. 8. My job is looking after the children. 9. The problem is quite puzzling. Translation The dancer’s incredible performance had the audience on its feet (clap) for 10 minutes at the end of the show.(2020天津） 2. They represent the earth (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.(2020全国II） 3. Many museums are lively places and they attract a lot of visitors. As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations and imagine themselves living at a different time in history or ______ (walk) through a rainforest. (2020全国新高考） 4. In the first place, it often happens that we have trouble _______（find） proper words and phrases to give expression to our mind.(2021青岛模拟） clapping coming walking finding Practice 5. You don’t have to run fast or for long to see the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of (die) early by running. 6. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid ________(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel challenged. 7. I still remember (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I was shocked when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time. dying looking visiting Practice Choose one picture of Exercise 4 on Page 41, and write a paragraph to describe the body language you can read. Use at least three -ing forms. 2. Finish Exercise 1 and Exercise 2 on Page 83. 53 54 $$