专题05形容词、副词及比较结构考点讲义-【中职专用】2025年对口高考英语二轮语法专项突破

语法专项 专题05形容词、副词及比较结构 考点讲解 1． 考情分析及命题趋势 真题回顾 考点 近五年真题考查及分值 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 形容词和副词辨析及转换 3道单选题 （3分） 1道单选题 （1分） 1道单选题 （1分） 1道短文填空题（1分） 1道单选题 （1分） 1道短文填空题（1分） 1道单选题 （1分） 1道补全对话题（1分） 形容词和副词的比较等级 1道单选题 （1分） 1道短文填空题（1分） 1道单选题 （1分） 1道短文填空题（1分） 命题趋 势 对形容词和副词的考查主要集中在:(1)在具体语境中,根据句法功能判定使用形容词还是副词;(2)根据句意或标志词确定形容词或副词的比较等级;(3)形容词变副词的基本规则以及常见的形容词后缀;(4)常用易混的形容词和副词的辨析。 2． 形容词 （一）形容词的句法功能 形容词表示人或事物的特征，如形状、性质和状态等，主要修饰名词或代词。形容词在句中可以作定语、表语、补语、状语等成分。 功能 例句 定语 前置定语 These are valuable suggestions.这些是宝贵的建议。 后置定语 ①He is the happiest person alive.他是世上最快乐的人。(alive,alike,alone等表语形容词作后置定语) ②Do you have anything important to tell me?你有什么重要的事情要告诉我吗?(形容词修饰复合不定代词,作后置定语) ③That is the best book available.那是可用的书中最好的一本。(以-able 或-ble结尾的形容词,可作前有形容词最高级或the only等修饰的名词的后置定语) ④This is a book suitable for children.这是一本适合孩子们的图书。(形容词短语作后置定语) 表语 常放于be , feel, sound , get, become , turn , prove , stay , keep , remain , fall, run等系动词之后。 ①His suggestions are very valuable.他的建议很有价值。 ②Her voice sounds sweet.她的嗓音听起来很甜。 补语 I consider his suggestion very valuable.我认为他的建议很有价值。(形容词作宾补) 状语 ①He returned home, safe and sound.他回到了家,安然无恙。(结果状语) ②He is standing there , full of fear.他站在那里，充满了恐惧。(伴随状语) （二）由及物动词的现在分词或过去分词转化成的形容词 有些 v.-ing 形式和 v.-ed 形式的非谓语动词已经形容词化了,它们可以被very修饰,可用来比较结构,充当形容词作定语。 v.-ing形式意为“使人……的,令人……的”,用来修饰物; v.-ed形式意为“感到……的”,用来修饰人。 常见的该类形容词有: exciting 令人兴奋的 excited 感到兴奋的 boring 单调的,乏味的,令人厌烦的 bored 厌烦的 interesting有趣的 interested 感兴趣的 disappointing令人失望的 disappointed 失望的 surprising 使人惊讶的 surprised 感到惊讶的 relaxing令人轻松的 relaxed轻松的 That sounds very interesting.那件事听起来很有趣。 She was pleased at their arrival.对于他们的到来,她感到很高兴。 He achieved an amazing success.他取得了令人惊异的成功。 【典型例题】I spent a__afternoon in the garden. A. relax B. relaxing C. relaxed D.relaxation 【解析]句意为:我在花园中度过了一个轻松的下午。 relaxing意为“令人轻松的”,修饰afternoon。relax 为动词; relaxed用于修饰人;relaxation 为名词。故选B项。 （3） 多个形容词作定语的排列顺序 多个形容词修饰同一名词时,一般与被修饰的名词之间关系密切的形容词靠近名词。如果几个形容词的重要性差不多,音节少的形容词放在前,音节多的放在后。可以用以下谐音来记忆: 县官行令宴国才。 即:县(限定词:冠、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格序数词、基数词)+官(表观点的描绘性形容词)+行(形状、大小、方圆、长短、高低)+令(年龄、新旧)+宴(颜色)+国(国籍、出处、来源)+才(材料、用途) a wonderful new factory一家豪华的新工厂 a small round stone table一张石头做的小圆桌 all these last few days最近的这些日子 a unique Olympic torch relay一次独特的奥运圣火接力传递 his big square old black Chinese writing desk 他的又大又旧的中国式方形黑色写字台 【典型例题】将括号中所给的形容词排序,完成下列句子 (1)This ___________________girl is Laura's cousin.( Spanish, little,pretty ) (2)We spent the____________________days at the seaside. ( few, sunny, last ) 【答案】 (1)pretty little Spanish (2)last few sunny 3． 副词 （1） 副词的句法功能 副词表示动作特征或形状特征，主要修饰动词，形容词，副词等。副词在句中可以作状语、表语、定语、补语等成分。 功能 例句 状语 修饰动词 He works hard.他努力工作。(hard修饰动词 works ) 修饰形容词 He is very smart.他很聪明。(very修饰形容词 smart ) 修饰副词 He does very well in English.他很擅长英语。(very 修饰副词 well) 修饰句子 Happily for him, his stepmother was kind to him.使他高兴的是,他的继母对他很好。(Happily修饰整个句子) 表语 The light is still on.灯还亮着。 I have never been away from home.我从来没离开过家。 定语 Fill in the form below.填写下面的表格。 补语 Keep the coat on if you feel cold.如果你感觉冷就穿着这件大衣。 （2） 常见的连接性副词 副词 意义 例句 meanwhile 同时,在此期间 Meanwhile, what do we do?她预计中午到达。这期间我们做什么? Therefore，thus，consequently 因此,所以 His car is bigger and therefore more comfortable.他的车更大,因此更舒服。 moreover，additionally Besides， furthermore 此外,另外 I have no time to see the movie.Besides, I have some guests now.我没时间去看那部电影。此外,现在我有些客人。 however 然而 His first response was to say no.Later, however, he changed his mind.他最初的反应是不同意。可是后来他改变了主意。 instead 相反,却,而 He didn't study law. Instead, he decided to become an actor.他没学法律,相反,他决定成为一名演员。 anyhow anyway 尽管,即使如此 It is a little bit tough, but you can try it anyhow. 那是有点儿难,但即使如此你可以试一下。 【典型例题】用合适的连接性副词填空 1.We thought the figures were correct.________________ , we have now discovered some errors. 2.It rained and _______________the football match was postponed. 3.I don't really want to go._______________, it's too late now. 4.He didn't reply._____________, he turned around and left the room. 【答案]1.However 2. therefore/consequently/thus 3.Besides 4. Instead （3） 副词作状语的位置 位置 例句 程度副词、频度副词常放在be动词、助动词、情态动词之后,实义动词之前 ①The children were so excited they could hardly speak.孩子们兴奋得几乎连话都说不出来了。 ②I have never seen him before.我以前从未见过他。 ③He usually gets up very early.他通常起得很早。 方式副词一般放在实义动词之后 “Shut up!”his father shouted angrily.他爸爸愤怒地喊道:“闭嘴!” 修饰整个句子作评论性状语的副词,往往被置于句首 Fortunately, he was not drowned and was saved by the PLA.幸运的是,他没被淹死,被解放军给救了。 enough 放在所修饰的形容词或副词的后面 He isn't old enough to join the army.他还不够参军的年龄。 4． 形容词变副词的规则 形容词变副词的基本规则如下： 情况 构成 例词 一般情况 加-ly quick-quickly , brave--bravely, immediate-immediately 辅音字母+y结尾 将y改为再加-ly easy--easily,happy-happily, heavy--heavily , busy--busily le结尾 去e加-y simple-simply ,gentle--gently 元音字母+e结尾 去e加-ly true--truly ll结尾 只加-y full-fully,dull--dully ic 结尾 加-ally scientific--scientifically,basic-basically, 注意 1.注意以下形容词变副词的拼写 whole--wholly 完全地 shy--shyly 害羞地 dry--dryly干燥地 good--well 好地 2.注意以-ly 结尾的形容词 friendly 友好的 lovely 可爱的 lively 生气勃勃的 lonely 孤独的 deadly 致命的 monthly 每月的 yearly 每年的 daily 每日的 weekly 每周的 【典型例题】用所给词的适当形式填空 ①Are you sure you locked the gate? You could _________( easy) have forgotten. ②She found it difficult to get on with her, _________( possible ) because of the difference in their ages. ③I'm_____( true) sorry that things had to end like this. ④We are all __________( entire ) responsible for our actions and for our reactions. ⑤There have been some problems but _________( basic ) it's a good system. ⑥She glanced _________( shy ) at him out of the corners of her eyes. 【答案] ①easily ②possibly ③truly ④entirely⑤basically ⑥shyly 5． 形容词和副词的比较级、最高级的用法 （1） 形容词和副词比较级、最高级的构成规则 1. 形容词和副词比较级、最高级构成的规则变化 构成法 原级 比较级 最高级 一般说来,规则的单音节形容词或副词的比较级是在形容词后直接加-er,最高级直接加-est。 fast tall hard faster taller harder fastest tallest hardest 以字母-e结尾的形容词只在其词尾加-r或 -st,构成比较级和最高级。 late later latest 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节形容词,双写词尾后再加-er 或-est。 big bigger biggest 以“辅音字母十y”结尾的词,将-y变为-i再加-er或-est。 early earlier earliest 其他双音节词和多音节词,在词前加more或most。 careful more careful most careful 2. 形容词和副词比较级、最高级构成的不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good 好的 well 健康的 better best bad 坏的 badly坏地 worse worst far 远的/ 远地 farther(指距离:更远的/地); further(指距离:更远的/地,等同于 farther;指程度:更深入的/地) farthest(指距离:最远的/地);furthest(指距离:最远的/地,等同于farthest;指程度:最深入的/地) old老的 older(指年龄、新旧:较 老的、较旧的;指血缘: 年纪较长的,此时等同于 elder); elder(指血 缘:年纪较长的) oldest(指年龄、新旧:最老的、最旧的;指血缘:最年长的,此时等同于eldest); eldest(指血缘:最年长的) much/many许多 more most little 少 less least 【典型例题】单句语法填空 1.Dr. Welch needed medicine as soon as possible to stop other kids from getting sick. However the _____________ (close)supply was over 1,000 miles away, in Anchorage. 2.Andy is content with the toy. It is the_____________(good) he has ever got. 3.-----Are you feeling any_____________(well) now? ------No,I'm feeling even_____________( bad). 4. Of all my_____________(old)relatives,my father-in-law is the_____________(little) talkative. 5. Mike is lazy. He is the_____________(little) active in doing sports of the three boys. 【答案]1.closest 2.best 3.better, worse 4. eldest, least 5. least （2） 形容词和副词比较级、最高级的用法 1. 形容词和副词的原级 （1） “as +形容词/副词原级+as”与“not +as/so +形容词/副词原级+as”表示同级比较,即两个或两部分人或物在性质上或程度上相同/不同。 Jack is as old as Jim.杰克和吉姆(年龄)一样大。 He doesn't run so/as fast as his younger brother.他没有他弟弟跑得快。 （2） 当 as... as 结构中有名词时,用: as+形容词原级+a(n)+可数名词单数+as as + many +可数名词复数+as as + much+不可数名词+as Today is as busy a day as yesterday.今天跟昨天一样忙。 Henry does not have so/as many books as I have.亨利的书没有我的书多。 （3）“as +形容词原级+as +具体数字”表示“高(深,多.…)达……”。 The temperature here is as high as 39 ℃.这里的气温高达39 摄氏度。 The building is as tall as 100 meters.这座楼高达100米。 2. 形容词和副词的比较级 （1）“比较级+than”表示“两者中一方超过另 一方”。表示“一方不及另一方”时,用“less+形容词/副词原级+than”结构。 Tom is taller than me.汤姆比我高。 The book is less interesting than that one.这本书不如那本书有趣。 【典型例题】① Mike has an active mind; he can retell a story________anybody else in the class. A.more vividly than B.much vivid than C.as vivid as D.so vividly as 【解析]句意为:迈克思维活跃;他比班里其他任何人复述故事都要生动。 修饰动词 retell 要用副词,故排除B、C两项;D项不用于肯定句。故选A项。 ② In my view, London's not as expensive in price as Tokyo but Tokyo is________in traffic. A. the most organized B.more organized C. so organized as D. as organized as 【解析]句意为:我认为,伦敦的物价不如东京高,但在交通方面,东京比伦敦更井然有序。 分析题干可知此句考查比较级,排除A项。因为选项后省去了比较对象,故排除C、 D两项。故选B项。 （2）“the+比较级,the +比较级”表示“越……，越………"。 The more you talked, the less attention he paid to you.你说得越多,他越不注意听你讲。 The harder he works, the more progress he will make. 他工作越努力,取得的进步就会越大。 （3）“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……"。 It becomes colder and colder when winter comes.冬天来了,天气越来越冷。 The new city is becoming more and more beautiful.这座新城变得越来越美丽了。 （4）little, a lot, by far, a great deal, twice, any,rather等词比较级可以用much, even, still, far,a来修饰。 The task proved to be rather more difficult than I had expected. 这件事结果比我想象得要难得多。 Are you feeling any better ?你感觉好点了吗？ 3形容词和副词的最高级 （1）表示三者或三者以上的比较,常见的结构为“the+最高级+比较范围”表示“……是……中最……的”。 This is the oldest house in the neighborhood.这是附近最古老的房子。 She is the youngest of the family.她是家中最小的。 （2）“one of the +最高级+可数名词复数+比较范围”表示“……中最……之一”。 This is one of the most important events in modern history.这是现代历史上最重要的事件之一。 Rose is one of the most careful girls in her class.罗斯是她班里最细心的女孩之一。 （3）用比较级表示最高级 “否定词语+比较级”或“否定词语+ such/so... as”结构表示最高级含义。 ----Do you think that the 11th Chinese National Games were a success? 你认为第11届全运会成功吗? -----Yes,absolutely! It couldn't be better.是的,绝对成功!没有比它更好的了。 Nothing is so easy as this. = Nothing is the easiest except this.没有什么比这更容易。 【典型例题】----How do you like the hotel? ----It's great, and I couldn't have found a______one. A.good B.better C.best D.same 【解析]句意为:--你觉得这家旅馆怎么样?--很棒,我不可能找到一家更好的旅馆了。 根据答语的前半句可知答话人非常喜欢这家旅馆,此处是形容词的比较级与否定词连用表示最高级的含义,意为“这是我找到的最好的旅馆”。故选B项。 （4）最高级可以用序数词及(by ) far,nearly,almost, much, by no means, nothing like等词修饰。 This is by far the best movie that I have ever seen.这是我至今看过的最好的电影。 He runs almost the fastest in his class.他几乎是全班跑得最快的。 This hat is by no means the biggest.这顶帽子绝不是最大的。 4.倍数的表达 （1）“A is +倍数+比较级+than +B”表示“A比B...多少倍”。 She has read twice more books than I have.她读的书是我读的两倍多。 （2） “A is+倍数 +as +原级+as +B”表示“A正好是B的多少倍”,有时“as+B”可以省略。 The girls are three times as many as the boys. = There are three times as many girls as boys.女生人数是男生的三倍。 （3）“A is +倍数 + the +名词 ( size , length, height, weight, width等) +of +B”表示“A正好是B的多少倍大/长/高/重/宽等”。 When you study the local map, you'll find this town is twice the size of that one.当你研究当地的地图时,你会发现这座城镇是那座(城镇)的两倍大。 【典型例题】The new bridge is __________the one built last year. A.three times as wider as B.three times the width of C. three times the width D.as three times as [解析]句意为:这座新桥是去年建的那座的三倍宽。 倍数表达法的结构为:“倍数+as+原级+as...”;“倍数 +the+名词 +of”;“倍数+比较级+than”,由以上结构并结合四个选项可知B项正确。故选B项。 （4）“A is +倍数 +that + of +B” ="A is+倍数 +what-从句”表示“A是B的多少倍”。 .The output of this year is three times that of 2008. =The output of this year is three times what it was in 2008.今年的产量是2008年的三倍。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$