Unit 6 Section Ⅳ Grammar-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年新教材高一英语必修第二册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书word（外研版2019）

Section Ⅳ　Grammar 动词-ing形式和过去分词作宾语补足语 语法串烧 我的发现 　　I heard an old song ①sung last week, but I didn't remember its title. Just when I passed by the store, I heard it ②being sung again. In the square outside the store I also saw many people ③dancing to the music. The song was so sweet that it got me ④involved in it. But the square was too noisy, and I had to raise my voice to make myself ⑤heard. ①过去分词作宾语补足语，与其逻辑主语song之间存在动宾关系。 ②动词-ing形式作宾语补足语，其逻辑主语为it，表示被动，用动词-ing形式的被动式。 ③动词-ing形式作宾语补足语，其逻辑主语为people。 ④过去分词作宾语补足语，与其逻辑主语me之间存在动宾关系。 ⑤过去分词作宾语补足语，与其逻辑主语myself之间存在动宾关系。 一、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语 动词-ing形式作宾语补足语时，表示正在进行的动作或经常存在的状态。动词-ing形式常作以下动词的宾语补足语。 1．表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词(短语)(常见的有see，hear，feel，smell，find，notice，observe，look at，listen to等)＋sb＋doing sth(作宾语补足语)。 I felt somebody standing behind me. 我感觉有人站在我后面。 I saw the little boy crying there. 我看到小男孩在那儿哭。 2．表示指使意义的使役动词(常见的有have，let，keep，get，leave等)＋sb/sth＋doing sth(作宾语补足语)。 We kept the fire burning all night long. 我们让火整夜燃烧着。 I won't have you running about in the room. 我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。 ◎巧学活用1——单句语法填空 ①I can't get the clock going (go) again. ②—Do you often hear John sing (sing) in his room? —Yes. Listen, now we can hear him singing (sing) in his room. ③I caught her stealing (steal) in the bookshop. ④Hearing the telephone ringing, she rushed out of the kitchen and left the water boiling (boil). 二、过去分词作宾语补足语 1．过去分词用在表状态的动词keep，leave等词的后面作宾语补足语。 He got up late and hurried to his office，leaving the breakfast untouched. 他起床晚了，没吃早饭就匆忙去上班了。 2．过去分词用在使役动词have/get和make的后面作宾语补足语。 (1)“have/get＋宾语＋过去分词”意为“让别人做某事”，不过“have＋宾语＋过去分词”还有“遭遇到某种不幸”之意。 Claire had her luggage checked an hour before her plane left. 克莱尔在飞机起飞前一个小时托运了行李。 学生用书第171页 While they were on holiday，they had their car broken into. 他们在度假时，汽车被撬开了。 (2)在“make＋宾语＋过去分词”这种结构中，过去分词表示结果。 They managed to make themselves understood by using very simple English. 他们用很浅易的英语来设法让别人理解自己。 3．感官动词see，hear，notice，observe，watch，feel，find等后，可用过去分词作宾语补足语。 When we saw the road blocked with snow，we decided to spend the holiday at home. 当我们看到道路被雪封住后，我们决定在家过假期。 The next morning people found the world outside their houses completely changed. 第二天早上，人们发现他们房子外面的世界全变了样。 4．表示“意愿；命令”的动词，如like，want，wish，expect，order等可用过去分词作宾语补足语。 The manager ordered the work finished at the end of this week. 经理要求在本周末完成这项工作。 5．过去分词用在“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。 The living room is clean and tidy，with a dining table already laid for a meal to be cooked. 客厅既干净又整洁，已摆好了餐桌准备放即将做好的饭菜。 John received an invitation to dinner，and with his work finished，he gladly accepted it. 约翰收到一份宴请函并且他的工作也做完了，他就欣然接受了邀请。 ◎巧学活用2——单句语法填空 ①We must have our windows repaired (repair) before winter comes or we'll freeze. ②The old man looked very pleased to see that his apartment decorated (decorate). ③Michael put up a poster of this famous scientist beside the bed to keep himself reminded (remind) of his own dreams. ④She couldn't make herself heard (hear) above the noise of the traffic. 三、非谓语动词作宾语补足语的区别 1．感官动词(短语)see，watch，observe，look at，notice，hear，listen to，feel等的宾语补足语主要有三种形式，试比较(以hear为例)： I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday. 昨天经过她房间时，我听见她正在唱英文歌。(主动、正在进行) I heard her sing an English song just now. 刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。(主动、完成) To learn English well，we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as possible. 为了学好英语，我们应该尽可能多地找机会听英语口语。(被动、无时间性) 2．使役动词make，have，get，keep后加复合宾语的比较： make＋宾语＋ The shocking news made me realize what terrible problems we would face. 学生用书第172页 这令人震惊的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么可怕的问题。 I made myself known to them first and then we talked about our hobbies. 我先向他们做了自我介绍，然后我们谈论了自己的爱好。 Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt. 妈妈让我去商店买些食盐。 He had us laughing all through the meal. 整顿饭下来他让我们笑个不停。 My elder sister had her wallet stolen on a bus last month. 上个月，我姐姐的钱包在公共汽车上被偷了。 get＋宾语＋ He got me to post the letter for him. 他让我替他寄信。 The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest. 休息了片刻之后，上尉让士兵们开始朝前线行进。 I'll get my cellphone repaired tomorrow. 我明天要(请人)修一下我的手机。 I'm sorry to have kept you waiting so long. 对不起，让你久等了。 She kept her eyes shut and stayed where she was. 她紧闭双眼，待在原地未动。 3．with复合结构中宾语补足语的比较 with＋ WeChat is like a public network，with people sharing information publicly；whatever they say or publish can be seen by everybody. 微信像是一个公开网络，人们公开分享信息，无论他们说什么或发布什么，大家都可以看到。 With a great weight taken off her mind，she passed all the tests successfully. 由于放下了沉重的思想包袱，她成功地通过了所有考试。 With a lot of work to do，she wasn't allowed to leave her office. 由于有许多工作要做，她不被允许离开办公室。 课时测评24　Section Ⅳ　Grammar (时间：45分钟　满分：66分) (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！) [语境基础练] 维度一　单句语法填空(每小题1分，共10分) 1．It's wrong to leave the machine running (run). 2．Recently, the boy has had a decline in sight, so he should have his eyes examined (examine). 3．He found the whole village covered (cover) with snow when he woke up. 4．A beggar in rags stood there with his eyes staring (stare) at the steak on the plate. 5．The man tried to get his work recognized (recognize) by his boss. 6．When I was on my way to school this morning，I saw two women arguing (argue). 7．Tom had no choice but to shout for help when he found himself trapped (trap) under the bricks and stones. 8．When I passed by his office, I heard my teacher singing (sing) a song. 9．With many eyes glued (glue) to their smartphones, people neglect their real-life activities on a daily basis. 10．China's image is improving steadily, with more countries recognizing (recognize) its role in international affairs. 维度二　语法与写作(每小题3分，共18分) 1．如果你想让自己被尊重，你必须首先尊重自己。 If you want to make_yourself_respected，you are above all to respect yourself. 2．我注意到他在会议结束之前悄悄溜走了。 I noticed_him_slipping_away before the end of the meeting. 3．我经过的时候看见他在玩游戏。 I saw_him_playing_games when I passed. 4．随着社会的快速发展，我们有必要掌握好英语。 With_society_developing_rapidly/quickly,_it is necessary for us to have a good command of English. 5．网络使我们在家就能随时了解最新的新闻，而且也为我们在家里提供娱乐。 The Internet keeps_us_informed_of the latest news and also provides entertainment in the house. 6．现在，越来越多的人喜欢在网上搜寻他们想要的东西，然后让快递公司邮寄。 Nowadays, more and more people like to hunt for what they want online and have_them delivered by the express company. 维度三　语法与语篇(每小题3分，共15分) 根据汉语提示补全短文。 We have 1.found_our_hometown_changed_a_lot (发现我们的家乡发生了很大的变化) over the past ten years. The roads 2.are_seen_becoming (被看见正变得) wider and wider. And we can 3.notice_high_buildings_built (注意到高楼建成) one after another. Life in the town has become more convenient and comfortable than before. People can 4.find_their_income_increasing (发现他们的收入增长) continuously. We can 5.feel_people_enjoying (感觉到人们享受着) their happy life. [素能提升练] Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2分，共8分) (2024·湖南衡阳期末) Inside a fishbowl, the goldfish — a species of carp native to East Asia, bred for aesthetic delight and traditionally believed to bring good fortune — is among the easiest of pets to keep. But released into the wild, the seemingly humble goldfish, freed from glass boundaries, can grow to large proportions. They can even kill off native marine wildlife and help destroy fragile and economically valuable ecosystems. “They can eat anything and everything，” said Christine Boston, an aquatic research biologist with Fisheries and Oceans Canada. Over the past several years, Ms. Boston and her colleagues have been tracking invasive goldfish in Hamilton Harbour, which is on the western tip of Lake Ontario (安大略湖), about 35 miles southwest of Toronto. Their study, published last month in the Journal of Great Lakes Research, could help pinpoint goldfish populations for culling,_said Ms. Boston, who is the lead author. “We found out where they are before they start spawning (产卵)，” she said. “That's a good opportunity to get rid of them.” The fast-growing female goldfish, Ms. Boston noted, can also reproduce several times in one season. “They have the resources，” she added, “and they can take advantage of them.” Their football-shaped bodies can swell to a size that makes them too large a meal for predators (捕食者) — up to about 16 inches long. The feral goldfish are also destructive, uprooting and consuming plants that are home to native species. Nicholas Mandrak, a professor of biological sciences at the University of Toronto Scarborough, studies in the “dramatically increase” of the wild population in the past two decades. Their spawning explosion, he said, resulted partly from people in densely-populated areas releasing pets in urban ponds. He added, environmental managers tend to forget the goldfish. “They just assume, ‘It's been there for 150 years — there's nothing we can do about it.’” The problem is not unique to Canada. In Australia, a handful of unwanted pet goldfish and their offspring took over a river in the country's southwest. And the discovery of football-size creatures in a lake in 2021 even led British officials to beg their citizens: “Please don't release your pet goldfish into ponds and lakes！” People wrongly believe that because goldfish are “small and cute” they won't pose a problem when released into the wild, said Anthony Ricciardi, a professor of invasion ecology at McGill University in Montreal. Goldfish, he added, are just a small part of a vast invasion of non-native species whose outcomes can be unpredictable, and in some cases, are worsened by climate change. “Under human influence, beasts are moving faster farther in greater numbers, reaching parts of the planet they could never reach before，” he said. “We're talking about the redistribution of life on Earth.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了五大湖的生态系统因为大量的金鱼入侵遭到破坏。文章分析了金鱼激增的原因。 1．Which of the statements about the goldfish is correct? A．Their place of origin is Canada. B．They are capable of reproducing. C．They will grow well over 16 inches. D．They only invade Lake Ontario. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段“The fast-growing female... in one season.”可知，金鱼有繁殖能力。故选B项。 2．What does the underlined word in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Killing.　　　　　　　 B．Controlling. C．Catching. D．Observing. 答案：A 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“We found out where... to get rid of them.”可知，后文提到了在金鱼产卵之前找到它们的位置从而除掉金鱼，所以这项研究可能有助于确定需要杀死的金鱼数量。故画线词意思是“杀死”。故选A项。 3．Which of the following statements is not the reason for the spawning explosion? A．Citizens wrongly set free the fish. B．Climate change has a negative impact. C．The environmental management is absent. D．The food increases in habitats. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据第五段“Their spawning explosion... to forget the goldfish.”以及倒数第二段“Goldfish, he added... by climate change.”可知，栖息地的食物增加了不是产卵激增的原因。故选D项。 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Now goldfish are turning into wild monsters B．Now goldfish are on the way to become a global issue C．Now goldfish are attracting scientists to study in D．Now goldfish are threatening the Great Lakes 答案：D 解析：标题归纳题。根据第二段“They can eat anything... southwest of Toronto.”并通读全文可知，文章介绍了五大湖的生态系统因为大量的金鱼入侵遭到破坏。文章分析了金鱼激增的原因。故D项最适合作文章标题。故选D项。 Ⅱ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) (2024·河北石家庄期末) A Turkish terracotta (陶瓦) company is producing roof tiles (瓦片) that double as houses for birds. Turkey 1.________ (be) a key stopover for migratory birds (候鸟).Sometimes the country hosts more than 400 different migratory bird species. In recent years, migratory birds have been forced 2.________ (find) ways to fit themselves in limited city spaces. Turkish architects have built Ottoman-style birdhouses 3.________ look like mini-palaces on the walls of houses and bridges. However, these birdhouses aren't enough for birds and many people are 4.________ (concern) about their living spaces. As 5.________ result, Dutch product design agency Klaas Kuiken designed the birdhouse tiles to offer more places where birds may rest and feed 6.________ (comfortable) within the city. Each birdhouse has a small opening wide enough for migratory birds to enter and small enough to protect them 7.________ cats. Later Hitit Terra, a terracotta company, decided to mass-produce Klaas Kuiken's special roof tiles in the hope of 8.________ (solve) the problem for migratory birds. Hitit Terra's roof tiles 9.________ (test) by the 5th Regional Directorate of National Parks and Afyon Nature Conservation before they were put into use. After the testing period, Hitit Terra redesigned the tiles. They are now producing 5 different designs to provide 10.________ (accommodate) for birds. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。荷兰产品设计机构 Klaas Kuiken 设计了带有鸟窝的兼容瓦片。土耳其砖瓦制造公司 Hitit Terra 已经开始生产这种兼容瓦片，他们希望为城市中的鸟类提供更好的庇护所。 1．答案：is 解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。该句描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时；主语是Turkey, 谓语动词用单数。故填is。 2．答案：to find 解析：考查非谓语动词。be forced to do sth意为“被迫做某事”。故填to find。 3．答案：that/which 解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处引导限制性定语从句。先行词是Ottoman-style birdhouses，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，故填that/which。 4．答案：concerned 解析：考查词性转换。be concerned about...意为“担忧……”。故填concerned。 5．答案：a 解析：考查冠词。as a result 意为“因此”，为固定搭配，故填a。 6．答案：comfortably 解析：考查词性转换。该空用comfortable的副词形式comfortably修饰动词。故填comfortably。 7．答案：from/against 解析：考查介词。protect... from/against...意为“保护……免受……(伤害)”。故填from/against。 8．答案：solving 解析：考查非谓语动词。in the hope of doing sth意为“希望做某事”。故填solving。 9．答案：were tested 解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。由后半句和下一句可知，该句用一般过去时；test和roof tiles之间是动宾关系，用被动语态。主语为复数，谓语动词用复数形式。故填were tested。 10．答案：accommodation 解析：考查词性转换。由空前的provide和空后的for可知，该空用accommodate的名词形式。故填accommodation。 学生用书第173页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$