Unit 1 Section Ⅳ Using language & Assessing your progress—Language points-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年新教材高二英语选择性必修第二册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书

Section Ⅳ　Using language & Assessing your progress—Language points ◎核心单词——练通 1．a teaching assistant 　　　 一名助教 2．an outstanding scientist 一位杰出的科学家 3．a gifted player 一名有天赋的运动员 4．my fault 我的过错 5．defend him 为他辩护 6．brilliant minds 聪明的头脑 7．a night shift 夜班 8．pouring rain 倾盆大雨 9．the concrete floor 混凝土地板 10．under the leadership of 在……的领导下 ◎拓展单词——用活 1．finding n． 发现；调查结果；(法律)判决 find v． 发现 →finder n． 发现者 学生用书↓第17页 2．initial adj. 最初的；开始的；第一的 →initially adv. 起初 3．mechanic n． 机械师；机械修理工 →mechanical adj. 机械的；发动机的；机器的 4．defend vt. 保卫；辩解；防守 →defense n． 防护；辩护 5．assistant n． 助理；助手 →assist v． 帮助 →assistance n． 帮助；支持 6．vivid adj. 生动的；鲜明的；丰富的 →vividly adv. 生动地 7．gifted adj. 有天才的；有天赋的；天资聪慧的 →gift n． 礼物；天赋 8．astronomer n． 天文学家 →astronomy n． 天文学 规律探究·知识横拓 规律：-ing作动词后缀，变为名词。 示例：think v．思考 → thinking n．思考，想法 find v．发现 →finding n．发现 ◎阅读单词——识记 1．major in astronomy 主修天文学 2．a patriotic scientist 一位爱国的科学家 3．work in aerospace 在航空航天工业领域工作 4．mechanical equipment 机械设备 ◎重点短语——再现 第一组　汉译英 1．主管；掌管 in charge of 2．(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发 break out 3．对……有影响 have an impact on 第二组　英译汉 4．discourage sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事 5．take on the challenge 接受挑战 6．theoretical framework 理论框架 ◎典型句式——默背 根据课文语境及汉语提示补全句子 1．[句型公式]　“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级意义 [教材原句]　Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact(有更大的影响)on China's aerospace science than Qian Xuesen. 2．[句型公式]　not only...but also...意为“不但……，而且……” [教材原句]　He received a hero's welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing(不仅仅开发)China's rocket science but also its space and missile programme. Ⅰ.核心词汇练全 pour vt.倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料) (教材原句) A non-Newtonian fluid is strange because you can pour it like a liquid... “非牛顿流体”很奇怪，因为你可以像液体那样倾倒它…… pour down　　　　 倾盆而下 pour out 涌出；倒出；诉苦 pour in 涌入 pour sth into... 将……倒入…… pour sb sth 给某人倒…… 单句语法填空/读后续写之动作场景描写 (1)This morning，I was out for shopping when I found heavy smoke pouring(pour) out of a building. (2)He got up and poured(pour) himself another drink. (3)(2022·全国甲卷) He poured water from a bottle into his hand(把水从瓶子里倒入手中)and offered it to my dogs. [温馨提示]　pour基本意思表示“倾倒”，拓展意思表示“大雨倾盆”，“人流涌动”，“倾倒苦水埋怨”等。 学生用书↓第18页 break out(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发 (教材原句)However，after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932，Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country. 然而，1932年“淞沪会战”爆发后，钱学森决定转学航空专业，因为他意识到中国需要强大的空军来保卫国家。 break into　　 破门而入；突然……起来 break away from 脱离(政党等)；打破(陈规等) break down 出故障；(计划等)失败； (身体、精神等)垮掉 break in 破门而入，闯入；打断(话语)等 break through 突破 break up 破碎；破裂；分解；驱散 完成句子 (1)(应用文写作之求助信)不幸地是，我最好的朋友和我发生了激烈的争吵。因此，我写信请求您慷慨相助。 Unluckily，a terrible quarrel broke out between my best friend and me.So I am writing to ask for your generous assistance. (2)(读后续写之情绪描写)他粗鲁地插嘴道：“我不应受责备。”然后，他愤怒地冲出了房间。 He broke in rudely，“I am not to blame.” Then he stormed out of the room in extreme anger. (3)(2022·浙江1月读后续写)得知我的搭档病倒了，我毫不犹豫地像箭一样冲向医院。 Learning that my partner broke down，I dashed to the hospital without hesitation like an arrow. [温馨提示]　break out，happen，take place，occur，come about等表示“发生”，都是不及物动词或短语，没有被动语态。 defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解 (教材原句)However，after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932，Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country. 然而，1932年“淞沪会战”爆发后，钱学森决定转学航空专业，因为他意识到中国需要强大的空军来保卫国家。 (1)defend (...)from/against 保护(……)不受……之害；抵御…… defend oneself 自卫；自我辩护 (2)defense n. 保卫；辩护 in defense of 保卫……；为……辩护 (3)defensive adj. 防御的完成句子 (1)(读后续写之肢体动作描写)马克跳下自行车，把它抓起来并且用尽全力把它扔向狼来自卫。 Mac jumped off the bike，seized the bike and threw it to the wolf with all his strength to defend himself． (2)(2020·浙江7月读后续写)我鼓起勇气使用胡椒喷雾以保护自己免受熊的攻击。 I worked up courage to use pepper spray in defense of myself against being attacked by the bear. 学生用书↓第19页 in charge of主管；掌管 (教材原句)He received a hero's welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China's rocket science but also its space and missile programme. 他受到了祖国英雄般的欢迎，不仅负责发展中国的火箭科学还负责中国的航天和导弹项目。 (1)in the charge of/in sb's charge 由……负责 take charge of 照顾，管理，负责 free of charge 免费地 in charge 负责，掌管 (2)charge sb for sth 为某物向某人收取费用 charge sb with sth 控告某人做某事 完成句子 (1)(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷应用文写作)我负责学校广播站的英语节目“Talk and Talk”。 I am in charge of “Talk and Talk”，which is an English program in our school broadcast station. (2)(活动组织介绍)我负责组织和策划展览，以展示中国文化元素。 I am in charge of organizing and planning exhibitions to show elements of Chinese culture. 认知深化 一、一词多义——charge 快速阅读下列句子并选出句中加黑词汇的意思 A．控告　B．负责　C．向……冲去　D．收费　E．(给……)充电 1．The outstanding scientist is in charge of handling the matter.B 2．I will charge you one thousand yuan for curing your severe disease.D 3．The police charged the thief with stealing raw materials in the company.A 4．The kind-hearted mechanic helped charge my phone.E 5．(读后续写之肢体动作描写) He rose to his feet，charged through the door and disappeared in the darkness.C 二、熟词生义 快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的意思 1．He has cast her as an ambitious lawyer in his latest movie.选派角色 2．He tried to shift the blame for his mistakes onto his colleagues.推卸 3．It never rains but it pours.雨倾盆而下 4．The stores are packed solid at this time of year.无空隙的　　 学生用书↓第20页 Ⅱ.典型句式讲透 句型公式：“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级意义 (教材原句) Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on China's aerospace science than Qian Xuesen. 也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了。 比较级用于描述最高级意义的常见结构： (1)否定词(not/never等)＋ a(n)＋形容词比较级＋可数名词单数 (2)否定词＋比较级＋than (3)比较级＋than ＋ 特定比较范围(如any/any other/all other/the rest of等结构) 根据所给汉语补全句子/一句多译 (1)我从来没有经历过比这更令人担忧的一天了。 I have never spent a more worrying day than this. (2)每天早晨他都是班里到得最早的。 Every morning he arrives earlier than any other student in the class． (3)多么精彩的一本小说啊！这是我读过的最感人的小说了。 What a wonderful novel! I have never read a more moving story． What a wonderful novel! This is the most moving story I have ever read． 句型公式：not only...but also...不但……而且…… (教材原句)He received a hero's welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China's rocket science but also its space and missile programme. 他受到了祖国英雄般的欢迎，不仅负责发展中国的火箭科学，还负责中国的航天和导弹计划。 (1)not only...but (also)．..连接两个并列成分或分句，重点在后者，but和also可以分开，也可以省略其一。 (2)not only...but (also)．..连接两个分句，且not only...置于句首时，其所在分句倒装。 (3)not only...but (also)．..连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词采用就近原则。 完成句子 (1)(2020·江苏卷)There，he not only did well(不仅做得好) as a student but also became an accomplished public speaker. (2)(2023·全国乙卷)Writing is one of humanity's later achievements，and until fairly recently even many literate(有文字的)societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things(不仅在书写上，也在东西上)． 维度一　品句填词 1．This should be a largely mechanical(机械的) process. 2．Strong leadership(领导才能) is needed to lead the team. 3．They then tried to trace(追踪) through every piece of data linked with the crime. 4．The boy who won the scholarship was a quite outstanding(优秀的) student. 5．In 1938，he obtained his doctor's degree in aerospace(航空航天工业) science and mathematics in the US. 6．She has one of the most brilliant(聪颖的)minds in the country. 学生用书↓第21页 维度二　词形转换 1．The strong walls of the castle served as a good defense(defend)against the attackers. 2．My job was looking after aged patients and acting as an assistant(assist)． 3．It is said that he is a man of many gifts，especially he is gifted(gift) at drawing. 4．When anxiety beats you，or casts(cast)a shadow over your life，this is a serious problem. 5．She related the whole story which happened yesterday vividly(vivid)． 6．The engineer identified several faults(fault) in the machine's wiring. 7. The driver smoothly shifted(shift) gears as he picked up speed on the highway. 维度三　固定搭配和句式 1．你负责这家公司，所以你应该为你所说的负责。(in charge of) You are in charge of the company，so you should take responsibility for what you said. 2．他不仅对科学感兴趣，而且有音乐天赋。(not only...but also；倒装) Not only does he show interest in science but also he has a gift for music. 3．我希望你能享受在北京的骑行经历，最重要的是，要注意安全。 I hope you can enjoy your cycling experience in Beijing，and above all，keep safe． 4．战争爆发后，全国人民团结在一起，终于打败了敌人。(break out) After the war broke out，the whole country united together and defeated the enemy. 课时测评4　Section Ⅳ　Using language & Assessing your progress—Language points (时间：45分钟　满分：59分) (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！) [基础语境练] Ⅰ.根据汉语意思或首字母提示填入单词的适当形式 (每小题1分，共4分) 1．Her brilliant (绝妙的)idea helped solve the problem quickly and efficiently. 2．The girl was tired from standing，so she shifted (转移) her weight from one foot to the other. 3．The player's outstanding(杰出的) performance left a deep impression on everyone present. 4．Police are anxious to trace two men seen leaving the house just before 8 a．m. Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空 (每小题1分，共8分) 1．Despite the pouring (pour) rain，they continued to work to complete the task at hand. 2．It has been argued that gifted (gift) children should be grouped in special classes. 3．All our policemen are trained to defend (defend) themselves against knife attacks. 4．After conducting enough research，the scientists presented their findings (find) to the scientific community. 5．The company's success can be attributed to the strong and effective leadership (leader) of its CEO. 6．As an astronomer (astronomy)，she spends her nights observing the stars and studying celestial objects. 7．With the help of her new assistant (assist)，she was able to manage her workload more efficiently. 8．What I love most about reading novels is how the authors vividly (vivid) describe the characters. Ⅲ.完成句子 (每小题3分，共12分) 1．火灾突然爆发并蔓延到整个建筑物。(break out；场景描写) The fire broke out suddenly and spread throughout the building. 2．我熟识负责公司市场部的那个女士。 (in charge of；人物描写) I know the woman (who is) in charge of the marketing department at the company. 3．未来，人工智能技术会传播到人们生活的各个方面，使生活更便利。(make＋宾语＋宾补；场景描写) In the future，artificial intelligence technology will spread to all aspects of people's life and make life more convenient． 4．当被问及对这件事的看法时，他保持沉默。(状语从句连接词＋非谓语动词短语； 人物心理描写) When asked about his opinion on the matter，he remained silent. [素能提升练] Ⅰ.阅读理解 (每小题2.5分，共10分) (2024·安徽淮北一中高二上月考) 　　A groundbreaking new study finds that coffee beans are bigger and more plentiful when birds and bees team up to protect and pollinate (授粉) coffee plants. 　　Without these winged helpers，some traveling thousands of miles，coffee farmers would see a 25% drop in crops，a loss of roughly $1，066 per acre of coffee.That's important for the $26 billion coffee industry—including consumers，farmers，and corporations who depend on nature's unpaid labor—but the research goes beyond that. 　　The study in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences is the first to show，using real-world experiments at 30 coffee farms，that the contributions of nature—in this case，bee pollination combined with pest (害虫) control by birds—are larger than their individual contributions. 　　“Until now，researchers have typically calculated the benefits of nature separately，and then simply added them up，which actually underestimates the benefits biodiversity provides to agriculture and human well-being，” says lead expert Alejandra.“But nature is an interacting system，full of important synergies (协同)．We show the ecological and economic importance of these interactions in one of the first experiments in actual farms.” 　　For the experiment，researchers dealt with coffee plants across 30 farms，excluding birds and bees with a combination of large nets and small bags.They tested four key situations：bird activity alone，bee activity alone，no bird or bee activity at all，and finally，a natural environment，where bees and birds were free to pollinate and eat insects like the coffee berry borer，one of the most damaging pests affecting coffee production worldwide.The combined positive effects of birds and bees on fruit set，fruit weight and fruit uniformity—key factors in quality and price—were greater than their individual effects，the study shows. 　　“Birds，bees，and millions of other species support our lives and livelihoods，but face threats like habitat destruction and climate change，” says Alejandra.“One important reason we measure these contributions is to help protect the many species that we depend on，and sometimes take for granted.” 　　语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项突破性的新研究发现，当鸟类和蜜蜂合作保护咖啡树并为其授粉时，咖啡豆会更大、更丰富。 1．What does the new research focus on? A．Ways to increase coffee production. B．Winged helpers' effects on coffee plants. C．Factors affecting coffee plants' pollination. D．The importance of pest control on coffee plants. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“Without these winged helpers...but the research goes beyond that.”可知，新研究关注的是长翅膀的帮手对咖啡树的影响。故选B。 2．Which of the following is a major boost to the coffee industry? A．High-quality service. B．Government intervention. C．Expanding investment. D．Maintaining biodiversity. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段“‘Until now，researchers have typically calculated the benefits of nature separately...’says lead expert Alejandra.”可知，维护生物多样性是对咖啡产业的重大推动。故选D。 3．How did the researchers conduct the tests according to Paragraph 5? A．By introducing a concept. B．By making comparisons. C．By explaining statistical data. D．By referring to a previous study. 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。根据第五段内容可知，研究人员是通过对比进行测试的。故选B。 4．In which section of a newspaper may this text appear? A．Advertisement. B．Health. C．Science. D．Travel. 答案：C 解析：文章出处题。根据第一段“A groundbreaking new study finds that coffee beans are bigger and more plentiful when birds and bees team up to protect and pollinate (授粉) coffee plants.”可知，这是一篇新研究。由此推知，文章可能选自报纸的科学版面。故选C。 Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分) (2024·湖北武汉七校高二上期中) 　　Francis Kéré is the first African to win the Pritzker Prize，known as the Nobel Prize of architecture.However，his journey to the top of his field was far from 1 ．Growing up in a village where there was no kindergarten，he was 2 into an extremely hot classroom with over 100 students until seven years old.This experience of poor building facilities promoted his earliest 3 to improve the educational lives of local children，using architecture. 　　His early reputation came in helping 4 a school in his village after graduating from college.He 5 the whole village to provide ideas and drew the 6 on sand for all to see. 7 ，he employed them to construct the school，using local wood and local clay (黏土)． 　　The result of their hard work was a welcoming structure with a “floating” roof that 8 passive ventilation (通风) in a hot climate and wall openings that bring 9 for students to learn even without electricity.He showed the villagers that ideas to 10 climate or other challenges are always at hand. 　　In this process，local people learned 11 skills that they could later use to find work.By cooperating with them，Kéré 12 the idea that climate solutions started with big institutions.He 13 that everyone could contribute to addressing the major issues related to education and climate and 14 a global impact by acting locally. 　　Adopted by architects in dozens of countries，his 15 is rooted in the “unique” aspects of each community now. 　　语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了非洲著名建筑师Francis Kéré是第一位获得被称为建筑界诺贝尔奖的普利兹克奖的非洲人，他通过设计更加实用的学校来帮助改善当地儿童的教育生活。 1．A．reliable　　　　　　　 B．rewarding C．simple D．professional 答案：C 解析：根据下文“Growing up in a village where there was no kindergarten”可知，Francis Kéré出身贫寒，由此可推测他的建筑领域之路坎坷崎岖，并没有那么简单。故选C。 2．A．accompanied B．crowded C．persuaded D．forced 答案：B 解析：根据下文“with over 100 students”可知，一个教室容纳一百多个学生，教室里面应该是人挤人。故选B。 3．A．confidence B．patience C．appetite D．ability 答案：C 解析：根据下文“to improve the educational lives of local children，using architecture”可知，这段简陋的建筑设施的经历激发了他对建筑改善教育生活的兴趣，故选C。 4．A．design B．donate C．integrate D．occupy 答案：A 解析：根据上文“to improve the educational lives of local children，using architecture”可知，他改善儿童教育生活的方式是使用建筑，即设计更合适的建筑。故选A。 5．A．forbade B．warned C．commanded D．encouraged 答案：D 解析：根据下文“to provide ideas”和“The result of their hard work was a welcoming structure with a ‘floating’ roof”可知，村民们提出了自己的想法，而他们之所以能提出想法，应该是得到了Francis Kéré的鼓励。故选D。 6．A．plot B．draft C．gesture D．clue 答案：B 解析：根据上文“to provide ideas and drew”可知，要修建房子，画的肯定是所提出想法的草图。故选B。 7．A．Merely B．Otherwise C．Therefore D．Moreover 答案：D 解析：根据上文“He the whole village to provide ideas and drew the on sand for all to see.”可知，他已经让村民们参与想法和草图制作，本句中还让他们参与实际的建造，与上文存在递进关系。故选D。 8．A．blocks B．affects C．lowers D．allows 答案：D 解析：根据上文“a ‘floating’ roof”可知，因为屋顶是漂浮的，为通风提供了便利，即允许更好的通风。故选D。 9．A．hope B．light C．desire D．imagination 答案：B 解析：根据下文“to learn even without electricity”可知，这个学校的建筑能提供充足的自然光。故选B。 10．A．deal with B．bring about C．find out D．leave off 答案：A 解析：根据上文“ passive ventilation (通风) in a hot climate”可知，这个在大家的想法中成型的建筑克服了气候因素等带来的挑战，即说明了一个道理：应对挑战的想法在我们手中。故选A。 11．A．physical B．practical C．educational D．commercial 答案：B 解析：根据下文“they could later use to find work”可知，在修建这所学校时学到的技能很实用。故选B。 12．A．challenged B．implied C．formed D．advocated 答案：A 解析：根据下文“He that everyone could contribute to addressing the major issues related to education and climate”可知，他的想法和传统的想法不一样，即“挑战”了传统观点。故选A。 13．A．doubted B．opposed C．promised D．demonstrated 答案：D 解析：根据上文“Francis Kéré is the first African to win the Pritzker Prize，known as the Nobel Prize of architecture.”可知，他自己从一个贫困地区的孩子成长为著名建筑师，就是证明每个人都能作出贡献的典例。故选D。 14．A．receive B．access C．create D．witness 答案：C 解析：根据下文“Adopted by architects in dozens of countries”可知，他在家乡的举动最终创造了全球性的影响。故选C。 15．A．patent B．innovation C．expectation D．guess 答案：B 解析：根据上文“By cooperating with them，Kéré the idea that climate solutions started with big institutions.”可知，他提出自己的想法并付诸实践，成为建筑行业的创新。故选B。 Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1分，共10分) (2024·安徽师大附属中学高二上期中) 　　On September 23rd，at the opening ceremony of the 19th Asian Games 1. (hold) in Hangzhou，Zhejiang Province，China，torchbearers (火炬手) from both the virtual and real worlds lit the torch together. 　　The torch used in the relay (接力) of the 19th Asian Games 2. (name) the “Eternal Flame”．The 73-centimeter-high torch weighs 1.2 kilograms，and 3. (it) surface features patterns from ancient Chinese culture combined 4. modern design principles. 　　The design of the torch was inspired by jade cong from the Liangzhu Archaeological Ruins，5. is located in today's Hangzhou and has been written on the World Heritage List as a 6. (culture) site since July 2019.Jade cong，or yucong，is an ancient ritual article (礼器)，proving the 7. (exist) of at least 5，000 years of Chinese civilization. 　　“The 19th Asian Games will leave 8. (last) memories for people around the world，” said Li Yiqing，spokesperson for the 19th Asian Games opening and closing ceremonies operations center. 　　The torch relay for the 19th Asian Games 9. (begin) in Hangzhou on September 8 and ended on September 20.It featured 2，022 torchbearers who passed the torch through 11 cities in Zhejiang Province，showcasing Chinese culture and heartwarming 10. (story) of ordinary people. 　　语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了杭州亚运会火炬的设计灵感来源以及亚运会火炬传递情况。 1．答案：held　 解析：考查非谓语动词。hold与逻辑主语the opening ceremony of the 19th Asian Games构成被动关系，应用过去分词作定语。故填held。 2．答案：is named/was named　 解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。主语与谓语构成被动关系，此处可用一般现在时的被动语态或用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为The torch，谓语用单数。故填is named/was named。 3．答案：its　 解析：考查代词。修饰名词surface应用形容词性物主代词。故填its。 4．答案：with　 解析：考查介词。combine with表示“结合”。故填with。 5．答案：which　 解析：考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the Liangzhu Archaeological Ruins，且在从句中作主语，指物。故填which。 6．答案：cultural　 解析：考查词性转换。修饰名词site应用形容词，故填cultural。 7．答案：existence　 解析：考查词性转换。空处作prove的宾语，应用名词。故填existence。 8．答案：lasting　 解析：考查词性转换。修饰名词memories，应用形容词。故填lasting。 9．答案：began　 解析：考查动词的时态。根据后文on September 20可知为一般过去时。故填began。 10．答案：stories　 解析：考查名词的单复数。story为可数名词，前文没有冠词，表示数量大于一，应用复数形式。故填stories。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$