Unit 3 Environmental Protection Learning About Language 直接引语和间接引语 讲义-2023-2024学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册

语法归纳：直接引语和间接引语（陈述句和疑问句） 一.定义 1.直接引用别人的原句，把它放在引号内，这样的句子叫直接引语。 2.用自己的话来转述别人的话，此时不能用引号，这样的句子叫间接引语。 2. 直接引语变为间接引语的注意事项 1. 人称遵从一主二宾三不变的原则。 一主指从句的第一人称随主句的主语变化。 二宾:指从句的第二人称随主句的宾语变化。三不变:从句的第三人称不需要变化。 2.谓语动词和连接词的选择 （1）直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句（从句必须用陈述语序）。口语中that常省略，say to常改为tell。 The boss says，“I have bought an expensive car. " →The boss says that he has bought an expensive car. I often say to him , "You are the luckiest boy I have ever seen . " →I often tell him that he is the luckiest boy I have ever seen . " I say，“Jack is a good boy.” →I say that Jack is a good boy. （2）直接引语如果是反意疑问句、选择疑问句、一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句（从句必须用陈述语序）；say常改为ask。 He says, "Can you swim, John?" →He asked John if/whether he could swim. He asks me，"Do you go to school by bus or by bike?" →He asked me if/whether I went to school by bus or by bike. （3）直接引语是特殊疑问句，间接引语应改为由疑问词引导的宾语从句(宾语从句必须用陈述句语序)。 She asks me, "When do they have their dinner?" → She asks me when they have their dinner. 3. 时态 直接引语变为间接引语时，若主句为过去时，变为间接引语的宾语从句的时态如下表: 直接引语 间接引语 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般过去时 过去完成时 一般将来时 过去将来时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 过去完成时 过去完成时(不变) 过去进行时 过去进行时(不变) can could may might must must/ had to She said, "Our bus will arrive in five minutes." →She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes. "You have finished the homework, haven't you?" my mother asked me. →My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework. 特别关注：如果直接引语中含有since, when, while 引导的表示过去时间的状语从句，在变为间接引语时，只改变主句中的谓语动词，从句的一般过去时则不变。 He said to me, "I have taught English since he came here ." →He told me that he had taught English since he came here. 4.时间状语，地点状语，指示代词、动词 直接引语变为间接引语时，有些时间状语，地点状语，指示代词和动词也要作相应的变动。 直接引语 间接引语 时间状语 now 现在 then 那时;当时 时间状语 today 今天 that day 那天 时间状语 tonight 今晚 that night 那天晚上 时间状语 this week 本周 that week 上周 时间状语 yesterday 昨天 the day before前一天 时间状语 the day before yesterday 前天 two days before 前两天 时间状语 three days ago三天以前 three days before 前三天 时间状语 last week 上周 the last week 前一周 时间状语 tomorrow 明天 the next day /the following day第二天 时间状语 next week 下周 the next week 第二个星期 时间状语 next month下个月 the following month第二个月 时间状语 this morning这个早晨 that morning那个早晨 时间状语 ago/last以前/最后 before之前 指示代词 this 这 that 那 指示代词 these 这些 those 那些 地点状语 here 这里 there 那里 动词 come 来 go 去 动词 bring带来 take带去 注意：假如就在当天转述，today，yesterday，tomorrow等就不需改变;如果在当地转述，here也不必改为there，come也不必改为go。 The teacher said to me，“I must bring all the books here.” →The teacher told me that I must take all the books there. 5. 以下几种情况，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。 （1）直接引语有明确的过去时间状语成分。 He said，“The story happened in 1960. →He said that the story happened in 1960. （2） 直接引语所述的动作或状态说话时仍在继续。 She told me，“I am helping my dad on the farm now. →She told me that she is helping my dad on the farm now. （3） 直接引语是客观真理、自然现象、名言、谚语。 My teacher said，“Light travels faster than sound.” →My teacher said that Light travels faster than sound.” （4）直接引语表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作。 He said, "I get up at six every morning。" →He said that he gets up at six every morning。 （5） 直接引语中的动作或状态发生的时间还没到。 She said：“I’ll be coming tomorrow.” →She said that she’ll be coming tomorrow.” （6） 直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式(比如ought to，had better，must, need)和已经是过去时的形式(比如could, should, would, might)，变为间接引语时它们没有时态的变化。 Peter said，“You had better come here today.” →Peter said that I had better come here today. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$