专题05 阅读理解(议论文以及其他文体)-【好题汇编】备战2025年高中学业水平合格考英语真题分类汇编（江苏专用）

专题05 阅读理解(议论文以及其他文体)(江苏专用) 01 议论文 Passage 1 (2023•江苏·学业考试)Do you know how many kinds of breakfast cereal(麦片) there are in my local supermarket? 165 kinds! That’s just one product. Think about all the varieties of biscuits, yoghourt, and chocolate bars. We have so much choice these days. It’s unbelievable! So all this choice must be a good thing, right? It makes us happier, right? Well, not necessarily. People like the idea of having a choice, and many people think more choice must be a good thing. But, in fact, too much choice can cause us problems. If there are too many different things to choose from, we can’t know what to choose. If you offer me a choice of three cookies, I can decide quickly which one I want. But if you offer me a choice of 33 cookies, my brain crashes. Another problem with too much choice is that we think there must be the perfect cookie somewhere. The fact is, there isn’t — so when we have spent half an hour deciding which cookie we want, we feel dissatisfied, because it’s not as good as expected. It’s not cookie perfection. And then we begin to regret all the other cookies we didn’t choose, thinking one of them might have been better. So there can be such a thing as too much choice. We need to recognize that while some choice is good, too much can leave us at a loss. We should focus on being pleased with what we choose. I am going to remember this next time I’m offered a cookie — choose one and enjoy it! 1. What is the purpose of paragraph 1? A. To sell a product. B. To express surprise. C. To introduce the topic. D. To answer a question. 2. What problem can too much choice cause? A. Difficulty in choosing. B. Worry about health. C. A careless decision. D. A loss of memory. 3. The underlined part “It’s not cookie perfection” probably means ________. A. we can’t make good cookies B. there’s no perfect choice C. we are pleased with all cookies D. the cookie doesn’t taste delicious 4. How will the writer solve the problem of too much choice according to the last paragraph? A. Recognize the perfect. B. Make a quick choice. C. Ignore what is offered. D. Enjoy what is chosen. Passage 2 (2022•江苏南通)My favorite thing about autumn is that I have an excuse to make my mom apple cake again. So, I always thought, once my first child was in primary school, I would enjoy taking part in bake sale fundraisers. Instead, I fear them. I do not imagine that funds for football uniforms appear out of thin air. So I dutifully show up to each bake sale with home-made cakes. Still, bake sales trouble me. They feel like a holdover from a time when many moms didn’t work and it was supposed they had a lot of time to bake cookies for children. Women who don't have the time to bake at home and who bring packaged cookies are seen as breaking a great American tradition. What are we selling at bake sales, anyway? Are we advertising our baking skills? Or is the goal to raise money? Children happily buy cupcakes from a store, so why do we care that nobody in a home kitchen worked late into the night to make them? Actually, if you look closely at the economics, they just don’t add up. We might spend $10 on ingredients to make 18 cupcakes that sell for $2 each. Think of this $26 as profit supposing that the hours spent shopping and baking and packing things up and taking them to school, and possibly selling and cleaning up afterward, don’t have value. Volunteering your time and energy to something important is worth praising. But neither the ingredients nor the work is “free”, and many parents can't afford to give them away. This is not an attack against people who love to make banana bread and have the time to do so. But most people do not. Most parents struggle to get even the most basic parenting tasks finished in the limited time between the end of the workday and children’s bedtimes. It feels crazy to take time away from helping with homework, or actually making dinner, to spend hours on a fundraiser. 5. What can we learn about the author? A. She loves baking. B. She is active at school. C. She likes home-made food. D. She is against fundraising. 6. Why do bake sales trouble the author? A. She has to buy cakes in stores. B. Home-made baking is a burden. C. Some moms don’t attend bake sales. D. Moms are showing off their baking skills. 7. What does the example in Paragraph 5 show? A. Ingredients are too expensive. B. It is uneconomical to bake at home. C. It is hard to raise money at bake sales. D. Ready-made cakes are popular at school. 8. What does the author think of the time involved in baking? A. It is increasing. B. It is rewarding. C. It is highly valued. D. It is unavailable for many. Passage 3 (2022•江苏苏州)I’ve spent over a year in India, and in those 365 plus days, I’ve learned a lot about getting around Indian cities. My biggest lessons have been learned through being cheated, particularly by taxi and rickshaw(人力车) drivers, but that doesn’t mean those are bad ways to travel, as long as you know what you’re doing. Below are the best ways to get around the city of Delhi, India, and tips for how to keep from being the victim of scams(欺诈). Taking taxis is a great way to get around the city of Delhi and chances are, if you arrive in Delhi by plane, as soon as you make it through customs, you’ll be swarmed by Indian taxi drivers. At the Delhi airport, be sure to arrange for a taxi to your hotel at one of the two Delhi Traffic Police Taxi Booths. One is inside the airport, and the other is outside. The key is to make sure to go to a booth run by the police, rather than by independent taxi drivers. Rickshaws are one of my favourite ways to get around Indian cities, in part because it’s how the locals often travel. Auto-rickshaws are more common, but bicycle rickshaws are still used in Old Delhi. If you do have a chance to take a bicycle rickshaw, you should do it at least once for a unique experience that should only set you back about 15 rupees. Auto-rickshaw rates around Delhi range between 30 and 80 rupees, depending on the distance. If you really want to travel around Delhi like the locals, take a public bus. Indian buses become very crowded and most do not have air conditioning. They are, however, very cheap. A bus trip won’t set you back any more than 15 rupees, as long as you stay within the city limits. Since Indian buses get so crowded, try to board the bus at the start of the route so you can get a seat. The train is a great way to get around within the city of Delhi. Fares are reasonable, between 6 and 22 rupees. All departure announcements are in both Hindi and English, and tokens can be purchased for between 6 and 22 rupees. 9. The author is trying to ________ in Delhi through this text. A. give some advice of travelling B. expect us to travel around C. show his/her experiences D. explain the difficulties of travelling 10. To avoid being cheated, you ought to ________ if you want to take a taxi at the Delhi airport. A. pay more to the drivers to keep safe B. show your ticket to the driver C. go to a police-run booth D. go out of the airport 11. The author suggests taking a rickshaw in order to ________. A. save some money B. enjoy the comfortable trip C. gain a unique experience D. help the local rickshaw drivers 12. What can we infer from the passage? A. You won’t have to pay much if you travel around by bus in India. B. It will be difficult for you to get a seat if you get on the bus halfway. C. A rickshaw driver only charges whatever amount you give him. D. You’ll have to speak English if you travel around in India. 13. Which may be the topic that follows? A. Hotel recommendations in Delhi B. Weather conditions in Delhi C. Food and drink in Delhi D. Car rentals in Delhi Passage 4 (2020•江苏南通) The Cost of Higher Education Individuals (个人) should pay for their higher education. A university education is of huge and direct benefit to the individual. Graduates earn more than non-graduates. Meanwhile, social mobility is ever more dependent on having a degree. However, only some people have it. So the individual, not the taxpayers, should pay for it. There are pressing calls on the resources(资源) of the government. Using taxpayers' money to help a small number of people to earn high incomes in the future is not one of them. Full government funding(资助) is not very good for universities. Adam Smith worked in a Scottish university whose teachers lived off student fees. He knew and looked down upon 18th-century Oxford, where the academics lived comfortably off the income received from the government. Guaranteed salaries, Smith argued, were the enemy of hard work; and when the academics were lazy and incompetent, the students were similarly lazy. If students have to pay for their education, they not only work harder, but also demand more from their teachers. And their teachers have to keep them satisfied. If that means taking teaching seriously, and giving less time to their own research interests, that is surely something to celebrate. Many people believe that higher education should be free because it is good for the economy(经济). Many graduates clearly do contribute to national wealth, but so do all the businesses that invest(投资) and create jobs. If you believe that the government should pay for higher education because graduates are economically productive, you should also believe that the government should pay part of business costs. Anyone promising to create jobs should receive a gift of capital from the government to invest. Therefore, it is the individual, not the government, who should pay for their university education. 14. The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 refers to ________. A. taxpayers B. pressing calls C. college graduates D. government resources 15. The author thinks that with full government funding ________. A. teachers are less satisfied B. students are more demanding C. students will become more competent D. teachers will spend less time on teaching 16. The author mentions businesses in Paragraph 5 in order to ________. A. argue against free university education B. call on them to finance students' studies C. encourage graduates to go into business D. show their contribution to higher education 02 夹叙夹议 Passage 1 (2023•江苏)Fifteen years ago, I took a summer vacation in Lecce in southern Italy. After climbing up a hill for a panoramic(全景的) view of the blue sea, white building and green olive trees, I paused to ach my breath and then positioned myself to take the best photo of this panorama. Unfortunately, just as I took out my camera, a woman approached from behind, and planted herself right in front of my view. Like me, this woman was here to stop, sigh and appreciate the view. Patient as I was, after about 15 minutes, my camera scanning the sun and reviewing the shot I would eventually take, I grew frustrated. Was it too much to ask her to move so I could take just one picture of the landscape? Sure, I could have asked her, but something prevented me from doing so. She seemed so content in her observation. I didn’t want to mess with that. Another 15 minutes passed and I grew bored. The woman was still there. I decided to take the photo anyway.  And now when I look at it, I think her presence in the photo is what makes the image interesting. The landscape, beautiful on its own, somehow comes to life and breathes because this woman is engaging with it. This photo, with the unique beauty that unfolded before me and that woman who “ruined” it, now hangs on a wall in my bedroom. What would she think if she knew that her figure is captured(捕捉) and frozen on some stranger’s bedroom wall? A bedroom, after all, is a very private space, in which some woman I don’t even know has been immortalized(使永存). In some ways, she lives in my house. Perhaps we all live in each other’s space. Perhaps this is what photos are for: to remind us that we all appreciate beauty, that we all share a common desire for pleasure, for connection, for something that is greater than us. That photo is a reminder, a captured moment, an unspoken conversation between two women, separated only by a thin square of glass. 1. What happened when the author was about to take a photo? A. Her camera stopped working. B. A woman blocked her view. C. Someone asked her to leave. D. A friend approached from behind. 2. In the author’s opinion, what makes the photo so alive? A. The rich color of the landscape. B. The perfect positioning of the camera. C. The woman’s existence in the photo. D. The soft sunlight that summer day. 3. The photo on the bedroom wall enables the author to better understand ________. A. the need to be close to nature B. the importance of private space C. the joy of the vacation in Italy D. the shared passion for beauty 4. The passage can be seen as the author’s reflections upon ________. A. a particular life experience B. the pleasure of traveling C. the art of photography D. a lost friendship 03 新闻报道 Passage 1 (2023•江苏)In October, 2021, three Chinese astronauts, Wang Yaping, Zhai Zhigang and Ye Guangfu, travelled to their space station. They stayed there for six months while they got ready for two new modules (舱), Wentian and Mengtian, to join the main module, Tianhe. In December, they gave a physics lesson from space to students in Hong Kong, Beijing and three other cities. Through a livestream(网络直播), the public could also enjoy the lesson. Wang Yaping gave the Tiangong lesson, while Zhai Zhigang made videos, and Ye Guangfu helped in the process. Excited students enjoyed the lesson about the effects of weightlessness on object movement. They were quite curious about what it’s like to live in space. There was no doubt that they had lots of questions specifically for astronaut Wang, who is famous as the first Chinese woman to go on a spacewalk. She had before spent several hours outside the station with Zhai, fixing equipment and doing tests. Wang said it was a great joy to teach children about space while she was there, referring to the two live science lectures she gave in 2013 and 2021. “My family told me that many netizens (Internet users) compared photos of my two lectures and found that our ’space classroom’ is now bigger, the content of the class is more colourful and interesting, and that the livestream is smoother and pictures clearer,” she said. 1. What was Wang Yaping’s 2021 Tiangong lesson about? A. Arts. B. Physics. C. History. D. Travel. 2. How did students feel about the Tiangong lesson? A. Excited. B. Sad. C. Doubtful. D. Bored. 3. What did Wang and Zhai do outside the space station? A. Made videos. B. Gave a physics lesson. C. Compared photos of two lectures. D. Fixed equipment and did tests. 4. What is one of the features of Wang Yaping’s 2021 lecture? A. Fewer questions. B. Unclearer pictures. C. More colourful content. D. Smaller space classroom. Passage 2 (2023•江苏扬州)Physical weakness, lack of energy, severe hair loss, and pain in the neck, are more common among young people recently. More people are now turning to TCM for help, which stands for traditional Chinese medicine. Wang Louda, 30, who works in the social media industry, has gained a new respect for TCM after suffering from cervical(颈椎) pain. Six months ago, while driving home from work, Wang suddenly felt weakness in his left arm. He thought it was due to the hard work he was doing and that a good rest over the weekend would relieve it. However, the situation worsened after a week. He had no choice but to go to the hospital for an examination, which showed something wrong with his cervical. A friend recommended that he try acupuncture(针灸). After over a month of treatment with TCM, his pain had gradually disappeared. “TCM is relatively gentle and suitable for treating chronic (慢性的) diseases,” Wang says. Modern people, due to the endless use of mobile phones and computers, spend up to 10 hours a day sitting to study or work. This sedentary lifestyle, lacking in enough physical activity, means that the muscles and bones cannot receive enough relaxation and exercise, gradually leading to damage. Problems such as neck pain, shoulder pain, back pain, and leg pain are becoming increasingly common. Yao Jingyi, who works at a TCM clinic in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, has been engaged in the clinic for over 30 years. He is skilled in treating sports injuries, cervical pain, and chronic diseases. “Acupuncture is one of the treasures of traditional Chinese medicine,” Yao explains. According to him, the ancient practice of acupuncture woks well in treating “modern illnesses”, such as headache, backache and cervical pain. 5. How did Wang Louda recover from cervical pain? A. By taking enough exercise. B. By visiting clinics of TCM. C. By taking his friend’s medicine. D. By having good rests every day. 6. Which can help keep people away from common diseases? A. The lack of sleep. B. Endless use of Mobile phones. C. Long hours’ sitting. D. Enough relaxation and exercise. 7. What does the underlined word “sedentary” in the 7th paragraph probably mean? A. Inactive. B. Unusual. C. Flexible. D. Common. 8. What is the passage mainly about? A. The history of traditional Chinese medical treatment. B. An advertisement for traditional Chinese medicine. C. The modern popularity of traditional Chinese treatment. D. The future development of Chinese acupuncture. Passage 3 (2023•江苏)At 5:13 on the morning of April 18th 1906, the city of San Francisco was shaken by a terrible earthquake. A great part of the city was destroyed and a large number of buildings were burnt. The number of people who lost homes reached as many as 250, 000. About 700 people died in the earthquake and the fires. Another earthquake shook San Francisco on October 17th, 1989. It was America’s second strongest earthquake and about 100 people were killed. It happened in the evening as people were travelling home. A wide and busy road which was built like a bridge over another road fell onto the one below. Many people were killed in their cars, but a few lucky ones were not hurt. Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the centre of town but about 50 kilometres away. In one part of the town a great many buildings were destroyed. These buildings were over 50 years old, so they were not strong enough. There were a lot of fires all over the city. The electricity was cut off for several days too. Why do earthquakes happen? Scientists explain that the outside of the earth is made of a number of different plates. At San Francisco the Pacific plate which is moving towards the northwest meets the North American plate. The Pacific plate is moving very slowly—at 5.3 centimetres a year. Sometimes these two plates stop and do not move for years. Then suddenly, they jump and an earthquake is felt. As a result of the movement of these plates, west America near the sea has always been a bad place for earthquakes. When the 1906 earthquake happened, the Pacific plate jumped 5-6 metres to the north. Scientists are afraid that one day an even bigger earthquake will hit the area around San Francisco. They call it “The Big One”. However, people today are still building more houses. The population in and around San Francisco is now ten times more than it was in 1906. This means that if there is another big earthquake, a great many houses and buildings will be destroyed. 9. Fewer people were killed in the 1989 San Francisco earthquake because the earthquake happened_______. A. in the centre of the city B. in the daytime C. outside the city D. in the evening 10. Which might be the worst earthquake in the history of the USA according to the passage? A. The 1906 earthquake. B. The 1976 earthquake. C. The 1989 earthquake. D. Both A and C. 11. Why do earthquake happen? A. Because the surface of the earth is too thin. B. Because some plates of the earth move suddenly. C. Because the houses built on the earth are not strong. D. Because the plates are moving slowly. 12. What should we do about the earthquake? A. We should learn how to predict earthquakes and stop them. B. We should stop building new houses. C. We should build strong buildings in the right places. D. We should try our best to stop earthquakes. 13. What does the underlined word “one” in the second paragraph refer to? A. Bridge. B. Road. C. Car. D. Street. Passage 4 (2021•江苏)“I had no intention to adopt a cat that day. I just liked being around animals.” Miranda says. But when she saw Nala in her metal cage, “We made eye contact and I couldn't resist(抗拒) her big blue eyes.” At that point, “Nala was so small. I asked the shelter if I could hold her. Once had Nala in my arms, Nala looked up at me and licked(舔) my face.” And that was when she knew she had to take this kitty home. Still, Miranda never imagined Nala would become an Insta-star. “I started Nala’s Instagram account in 2012 as a way to share photos with my close friends and family in Thailand,” she explained. The possibility of Nala gaining attention beyond that small group of people hadn’t occurred to her until it happened. Miranda says, “Each time Nala’s photo was featured on Instagram’s popular page, her account would gain 1,000 new followers.” From there, Nala’s popularity snowballed. Large nationwide brands messaged Miranda about hiring Nala to do ads. “This took us by surprise because we couldn’t believe that a big brand wanted to pay them to take photos with their products next to Nala.” Nala started life out in a shelter, just waiting to be loved like many other animals that were abandoned. Today that dream has surely come true. Nala has over 4 million followers on Instagram, which earned her the title “Guinness World Records Most Popular Cat on Instagram.” In addition to managing her Insta fame, Nala is being asked to test various cat food brands.  More importantly, “Nala is our chance to share the love to help create a better life for other animals, so they can grow well and bring joy to the world like Nala has.” 14. What is the first paragraph mainly about? A. Visits to a shelter. B. Love at first sight. C. Power of blue eyes. D. Duty to adopt cats. 15. Why did Miranda open Nala’s Instagram account? A. To meet Nala’s needs. B. To help Nala be a star. C. To share Nala’s pictures. D. To attract public attention. 16. How did Miranda feel about Nala’s popularity? A. Satisfied B. Amazed. C. Upset. D. Disappointed 17. What does the underlined phrase “that dream” in paragraph 4 refer to? A. Being well treated like many of her kind. B. Starting life in the shelter. C. Gaining chances to earn money. D. Being raised by Instagram fans. Passage 5 A self-service flower shop operated by a college student in Beijing is attracting many young customers, Chinese media reported. Different from traditional shops in the capital, the young storekeeper surnamed Wang opened the first self-service flower shop where people can select flowers and pay via mobile payment systems including Wechat and Alipay. Born after 2000 and a lover of literature, the young man said “he begins the startup (创业) because it will not take up his time”. “Besides, people can go to flower shops at any time,” he added. “I cannot focus on reading when I have to serve customers.” So Wang opened the self-service flower shop after doing market research. Most young customers like shopping in a free environment, and hate promotion (推销) from clerks, he explained, adding that customers can have their questions answered about the names of flowers through mobile apps. Even though there is no shopkeeper, the operation has attracted many young customers and proved to be a success, at least for now. Although he does not sell flowers in the shop in person, Wang said he would go to the shop at odd intervals to take care of the flowers though he couldn’t afford it full time. “It is a business with a little money, and it can’t cause a huge loss if a burglary (偷盗) happens,” he said, adding that he trusts people. 18. How do people pay for flowers? (no more than 8 words) ________________________________________________ 19. Why does Wang open the self-service flower shop? (no more than 20 words) ________________________________________________ 20. How can customers have their questions answered about flowers? (no more than 10 words) ________________________________________________ 21. What does the underlined phrase “at odd intervals” most probably mean? (no more than 4 words) ________________________________________________ 22. What do you think of the self-service flower shop? Tell your reasons. (no more than 25 words) ________________________________________________ ( 9 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题05 阅读理解(议论文以及其他文体)(江苏专用) 01 议论文 Passage 1 (2023•江苏·学业考试)Do you know how many kinds of breakfast cereal(麦片) there are in my local supermarket? 165 kinds! That’s just one product. Think about all the varieties of biscuits, yoghourt, and chocolate bars. We have so much choice these days. It’s unbelievable! So all this choice must be a good thing, right? It makes us happier, right? Well, not necessarily. People like the idea of having a choice, and many people think more choice must be a good thing. But, in fact, too much choice can cause us problems. If there are too many different things to choose from, we can’t know what to choose. If you offer me a choice of three cookies, I can decide quickly which one I want. But if you offer me a choice of 33 cookies, my brain crashes. Another problem with too much choice is that we think there must be the perfect cookie somewhere. The fact is, there isn’t — so when we have spent half an hour deciding which cookie we want, we feel dissatisfied, because it’s not as good as expected. It’s not cookie perfection. And then we begin to regret all the other cookies we didn’t choose, thinking one of them might have been better. So there can be such a thing as too much choice. We need to recognize that while some choice is good, too much can leave us at a loss. We should focus on being pleased with what we choose. I am going to remember this next time I’m offered a cookie — choose one and enjoy it! 1. What is the purpose of paragraph 1? A. To sell a product. B. To express surprise. C. To introduce the topic. D. To answer a question. 2. What problem can too much choice cause? A. Difficulty in choosing. B. Worry about health. C. A careless decision. D. A loss of memory. 3. The underlined part “It’s not cookie perfection” probably means ________. A. we can’t make good cookies B. there’s no perfect choice C. we are pleased with all cookies D. the cookie doesn’t taste delicious 4. How will the writer solve the problem of too much choice according to the last paragraph? A. Recognize the perfect. B. Make a quick choice. C. Ignore what is offered. D. Enjoy what is chosen. 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. D 【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过提出超市商品种类繁多这一现象，引发了对选择过多可能带来的问题的讨论。作者分析了过多选择可能导致的难以决策、不满足感以及后悔等问题，并提出了应专注于对所选择的东西感到满意的观点。 1. 推理判断题。由文章第一段“Do you know how many kinds of breakfast cereal (麦片) there are in my local supermarket? 165 kinds! That’s just one product. Think about all the varieties of biscuits, yoghourt, and chocolate bars. We have so much choice these days. It’s unbelievable! (你知道我们当地的超市里有多少种早餐麦片吗？165种！这只是一种产品。想想各种各样的饼干、酸奶和巧克力棒。现在我们有太多选择了。这是难以置信的！)”可知，作者对于现在有这么多的选择感到惊讶，并通过列举超市中的麦片种类来引出后文关于选择过多的讨论。因此，第一段的目的是引入话题。故正确答案为C。 2. 细节理解题。由文章第二段中“If there are too many different things to choose from, we can’t know what to choose. (如果有太多不同的东西可供选择，我们就不知道该选什么。)”可知，过多的选择会造成的问题是难以选择。故正确答案为A。 3. 词句猜测题。由文章第三段中“The fact is, there isn’t — so when we have spent half an hour deciding which cookie we want, we feel dissatisfied, because it’s not as good as expected. (事实并非如此——所以当我们花了半个小时来决定我们想要哪块饼干时，我们会感到不满意，因为它没有预期的那么好。)”可知，当我们花了半个小时决定想要哪种饼干时，我们会感到不满意，因为它不如预期的好。因此，“It’s not cookie perfection”的意思是没有完美的选择，而不是我们不能做好饼干、我们对所有饼干都很满意或饼干味道不好。A. we can’t make good cookies我们做不出好的饼干；B. there’s no perfect choice没有完美的选择；C. we are pleased with all cookies我们对所有的饼干都很满意；D. the cookie doesn’t taste delicious饼干味道不好。故正确答案为B。 4. 细节理解题。由文章最后一段中“We need to recognize that while some choice is good, too much can leave us at a loss. We should focus on being pleased with what we choose. I am going to remember this next time I’m offered a cookie — choose one and enjoy it! (我们需要认识到，虽然有些选择是好的，但太多的选择会让我们不知所措。我们应该专注于对我们的选择感到满意。下次有人给我饼干的时候，我一定要记住这一点——选一个，享受它！)”可知，作者认为我们应该专注于对自己所选择的东西感到满意，并在下次被提供饼干时选择一个并享受它。因此，作者解决选择过多问题的方法是享受所选择的，而不是认识到完美、快速做出选择或忽略所提供的内容。故正确答案为D。 Passage 2 (2022•江苏南通)My favorite thing about autumn is that I have an excuse to make my mom apple cake again. So, I always thought, once my first child was in primary school, I would enjoy taking part in bake sale fundraisers. Instead, I fear them. I do not imagine that funds for football uniforms appear out of thin air. So I dutifully show up to each bake sale with home-made cakes. Still, bake sales trouble me. They feel like a holdover from a time when many moms didn’t work and it was supposed they had a lot of time to bake cookies for children. Women who don't have the time to bake at home and who bring packaged cookies are seen as breaking a great American tradition. What are we selling at bake sales, anyway? Are we advertising our baking skills? Or is the goal to raise money? Children happily buy cupcakes from a store, so why do we care that nobody in a home kitchen worked late into the night to make them? Actually, if you look closely at the economics, they just don’t add up. We might spend $10 on ingredients to make 18 cupcakes that sell for $2 each. Think of this $26 as profit supposing that the hours spent shopping and baking and packing things up and taking them to school, and possibly selling and cleaning up afterward, don’t have value. Volunteering your time and energy to something important is worth praising. But neither the ingredients nor the work is “free”, and many parents can't afford to give them away. This is not an attack against people who love to make banana bread and have the time to do so. But most people do not. Most parents struggle to get even the most basic parenting tasks finished in the limited time between the end of the workday and children’s bedtimes. It feels crazy to take time away from helping with homework, or actually making dinner, to spend hours on a fundraiser. 5. What can we learn about the author? A. She loves baking. B. She is active at school. C. She likes home-made food. D. She is against fundraising. 6. Why do bake sales trouble the author? A. She has to buy cakes in stores. B. Home-made baking is a burden. C. Some moms don’t attend bake sales. D. Moms are showing off their baking skills. 7. What does the example in Paragraph 5 show? A. Ingredients are too expensive. B. It is uneconomical to bake at home. C. It is hard to raise money at bake sales. D. Ready-made cakes are popular at school. 8. What does the author think of the time involved in baking? A. It is increasing. B. It is rewarding. C. It is highly valued. D. It is unavailable for many. 【答案】5. A 6. B 7. B 8. D 【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了虽然作者喜欢烘焙，但是认为烘焙义卖筹款活动是一种负担。这种行为既不经济合理，很多家长也没有太多时间去烘焙。 5. 细节理解题。根据第一段“My favorite thing about autumn is that I have an excuse to make my mom apple cake again. So, I always thought, once my first child was in primary school, I would enjoy taking part in bake sale fundraisers.(关于秋天我最喜欢的事情就是我又有借口给我妈妈做苹果蛋糕了。所以，我一直在想，一旦我的第一个孩子上了小学，我就会喜欢参加烘焙义卖筹款活动)”可知，作者喜欢烘焙。故选A。 6. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Still, bake sales trouble me. They feel like a holdover from a time when many moms didn’t work and it was supposed they had a lot of time to bake cookies for children. Women who don't have the time to bake at home and who bring packaged cookies are seen as breaking a great American tradition.(尽管如此，糕饼义卖还是困扰着我。他们感觉像是一个时代遗留下来的东西，那时很多妈妈不工作，人们认为她们有很多时间为孩子们烤饼干。没有时间在家里烤饼干和带包装饼干的女性被视为打破了一个伟大的美国传统)”可知，烘烤食品销售会困扰作者因为自制的烘焙是一种负担。故选B。 7. 推理判断题。根据第五段“Actually, if you look closely at the economics, they just don’t add up. We might spend $10 on ingredients to make 18 cupcakes that sell for $2 each. Think of this $26 as profit supposing that the hours spent shopping and baking and packing things up and taking them to school, and possibly selling and cleaning up afterward, don’t have value. Volunteering your time and energy to something important is worth praising. But neither the ingredients nor the work is “free”, and many parents can't afford to give them away.(实际上，如果你仔细观察经济情况，你会发现它们并不合理。我们可能会花10美元购买原料来制作18个2美元一个的纸杯蛋糕。 把这26美元想象成利润，假设花在购物、烘焙、打包、送东西到学校，以及可能的出售和事后清理上的时间都没有价值。把你的时间和精力奉献给一些重要的事情是值得表扬的。但这些材料和工作都不是“免费的”，许多家长也负担不起)”可推知，第5段的例子说明了在家烤面包不经济。故选B。 8. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“This is not an attack against people who love to make banana bread and have the time to do so. But most people do not. Most parents struggle to get even the most basic parenting tasks finished in the limited time between the end of the workday and children’s bedtimes. It feels crazy to take time away from helping with homework, or actually making dinner, to spend hours on a fundraiser.(这并不是对那些喜欢做香蕉面包并且有时间做的人的攻击。但大多数人都没有。在工作日结束和孩子就寝之间的有限时间内，大多数父母甚至很难完成最基本的育儿任务。从辅导家庭作业或做晚饭中抽出时间来做募款活动，这感觉很疯狂)”可推知，作者认为对许多人来说没有时间进行烘焙。故选D。 Passage 3 (2022•江苏苏州)I’ve spent over a year in India, and in those 365 plus days, I’ve learned a lot about getting around Indian cities. My biggest lessons have been learned through being cheated, particularly by taxi and rickshaw(人力车) drivers, but that doesn’t mean those are bad ways to travel, as long as you know what you’re doing. Below are the best ways to get around the city of Delhi, India, and tips for how to keep from being the victim of scams(欺诈). Taking taxis is a great way to get around the city of Delhi and chances are, if you arrive in Delhi by plane, as soon as you make it through customs, you’ll be swarmed by Indian taxi drivers. At the Delhi airport, be sure to arrange for a taxi to your hotel at one of the two Delhi Traffic Police Taxi Booths. One is inside the airport, and the other is outside. The key is to make sure to go to a booth run by the police, rather than by independent taxi drivers. Rickshaws are one of my favourite ways to get around Indian cities, in part because it’s how the locals often travel. Auto-rickshaws are more common, but bicycle rickshaws are still used in Old Delhi. If you do have a chance to take a bicycle rickshaw, you should do it at least once for a unique experience that should only set you back about 15 rupees. Auto-rickshaw rates around Delhi range between 30 and 80 rupees, depending on the distance. If you really want to travel around Delhi like the locals, take a public bus. Indian buses become very crowded and most do not have air conditioning. They are, however, very cheap. A bus trip won’t set you back any more than 15 rupees, as long as you stay within the city limits. Since Indian buses get so crowded, try to board the bus at the start of the route so you can get a seat. The train is a great way to get around within the city of Delhi. Fares are reasonable, between 6 and 22 rupees. All departure announcements are in both Hindi and English, and tokens can be purchased for between 6 and 22 rupees. 9. The author is trying to ________ in Delhi through this text. A. give some advice of travelling B. expect us to travel around C. show his/her experiences D. explain the difficulties of travelling 10. To avoid being cheated, you ought to ________ if you want to take a taxi at the Delhi airport. A. pay more to the drivers to keep safe B. show your ticket to the driver C. go to a police-run booth D. go out of the airport 11. The author suggests taking a rickshaw in order to ________. A. save some money B. enjoy the comfortable trip C. gain a unique experience D. help the local rickshaw drivers 12. What can we infer from the passage? A. You won’t have to pay much if you travel around by bus in India. B. It will be difficult for you to get a seat if you get on the bus halfway. C. A rickshaw driver only charges whatever amount you give him. D. You’ll have to speak English if you travel around in India. 13. Which may be the topic that follows? A. Hotel recommendations in Delhi B. Weather conditions in Delhi C. Food and drink in Delhi D. Car rentals in Delhi 【答案】9. A 10. C 11. C 12. B 13. D 【知识点】旅游观光、交通与运输 、议论文、语意转化、逻辑推理、目的意图 【语篇解读】本文是议论文。作者就自己在印度德里旅行时的交通方面提出了几点建议。 9. 推理判断题。根据第一段“Below are the best ways to get around the city of Delhi, India, and tips for how to keep from being the victim of scams” 以下是游览印度德里市的最佳方法，以及如何避免成为骗局的受害者的建议。可以看出,作者在本文中给读者提出了一些建议,告诉读者在德里旅行时应注意的一些问题。因此,本文的写作目的也就是要给读者提出建议。故选A项。 10. 细节理解题。根据第二段的最后一句“The key is to make sure to go to a booth run by the police,rather than by independent taxi drivers.” 关键是要确保去的是警察开的电话亭，而不是独立的出租车司机开的。可知,为了避免被骗，在机场搭乘出租车时,应到警察经营的摊位。故选C项。 11. 细节理解题。根据第三段的第三句“If you do have a chance to take a bicycle rickshaw, you should do it at least once for a unique experience that should only set you back about 15 rupees.” 如果你有机会乘坐人力车，你应该至少乘坐一次，这是一次独特的体验，只需要15卢比。可知,作者建议乘坐人力车以获得一种独特的体验。故选C项。 12. 推理判断题。根据第四段的最后一句“Since Indian buses get so crowded,try to board the bus at the start of the route so you can get a seat”. 因为印度公交车太挤了，所以尽量在起点上车，这样你就有座位了。可知,为了上车后能有一个座位,作者建议最好从起点站上车。这就意味着如果中途上车的话,就很难有座位了。故选B项。 13. 推理判断题。根据第一段“Below are the best ways to get around the city of Delhi, India, and tips for how to keep from being the victim of scams” 以下是游览印度德里市的最佳方法，以及如何避免成为骗局的受害者的建议。”可知,本文主要讲述了关于在德里交通方面避免受骗的几点建议。在给出的几个选项当中,只有D项与交通有关。据此,我们可以确定后面最有可能要讨论的是德里的汽车租赁业务。故选D项。 Passage 4 (2020•江苏南通) The Cost of Higher Education Individuals (个人) should pay for their higher education. A university education is of huge and direct benefit to the individual. Graduates earn more than non-graduates. Meanwhile, social mobility is ever more dependent on having a degree. However, only some people have it. So the individual, not the taxpayers, should pay for it. There are pressing calls on the resources(资源) of the government. Using taxpayers' money to help a small number of people to earn high incomes in the future is not one of them. Full government funding(资助) is not very good for universities. Adam Smith worked in a Scottish university whose teachers lived off student fees. He knew and looked down upon 18th-century Oxford, where the academics lived comfortably off the income received from the government. Guaranteed salaries, Smith argued, were the enemy of hard work; and when the academics were lazy and incompetent, the students were similarly lazy. If students have to pay for their education, they not only work harder, but also demand more from their teachers. And their teachers have to keep them satisfied. If that means taking teaching seriously, and giving less time to their own research interests, that is surely something to celebrate. Many people believe that higher education should be free because it is good for the economy(经济). Many graduates clearly do contribute to national wealth, but so do all the businesses that invest(投资) and create jobs. If you believe that the government should pay for higher education because graduates are economically productive, you should also believe that the government should pay part of business costs. Anyone promising to create jobs should receive a gift of capital from the government to invest. Therefore, it is the individual, not the government, who should pay for their university education. 14. The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 refers to ________. A. taxpayers B. pressing calls C. college graduates D. government resources 15. The author thinks that with full government funding ________. A. teachers are less satisfied B. students are more demanding C. students will become more competent D. teachers will spend less time on teaching 16. The author mentions businesses in Paragraph 5 in order to ________. A. argue against free university education B. call on them to finance students' studies C. encourage graduates to go into business D. show their contribution to higher education 【答案】14. B 15. D 16. A 【知识点】议论文、教育 【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。文章就个人应该为他们的高等教育买单展开了讨论。 14. 词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“There are pressing calls on the resources (资源) of the government.(政府的资源有紧急呼叫。)”可知，用纳税人的钱帮助少数人在未来获得高收入，这不是紧急呼叫之一。them指代上文中的复数名词“pressing calls”。故选B。 15. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Full government funding is not very good for universities. …and when the academics were lazy and incompetent, the students were similarly lazy.(政府全额资助对大学来说不是很好。亚当·斯密(Adam Smith)曾在苏格兰一所大学工作，那里的老师靠学费生活。他了解并看不起18世纪的牛津，那里的学者靠政府的收入过着舒适的生活。史密斯认为，保证工资是努力工作的敌人;当学者们懒惰无能时，学生们也同样懒惰。)”可知，作者认为，如果政府提供全额资助，教师在教学上的时间就会减少。故选D。 16. 推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Many people believe that higher education should be free because it is good for the economy . Many graduates clearly do contribute to national wealth, but so do all the businesses that invest and create jobs. (许多人认为高等教育应该免费，因为这对经济有好处。显然，许多毕业生确实为国家财富做出了贡献，但所有投资和创造就业机会的企业也是如此。)”可知，作者在第五段提到企业是为了反对免费大学教育。故选A。 02 夹叙夹议 Passage 1 (2023•江苏)Fifteen years ago, I took a summer vacation in Lecce in southern Italy. After climbing up a hill for a panoramic(全景的) view of the blue sea, white building and green olive trees, I paused to ach my breath and then positioned myself to take the best photo of this panorama. Unfortunately, just as I took out my camera, a woman approached from behind, and planted herself right in front of my view. Like me, this woman was here to stop, sigh and appreciate the view. Patient as I was, after about 15 minutes, my camera scanning the sun and reviewing the shot I would eventually take, I grew frustrated. Was it too much to ask her to move so I could take just one picture of the landscape? Sure, I could have asked her, but something prevented me from doing so. She seemed so content in her observation. I didn’t want to mess with that. Another 15 minutes passed and I grew bored. The woman was still there. I decided to take the photo anyway.  And now when I look at it, I think her presence in the photo is what makes the image interesting. The landscape, beautiful on its own, somehow comes to life and breathes because this woman is engaging with it. This photo, with the unique beauty that unfolded before me and that woman who “ruined” it, now hangs on a wall in my bedroom. What would she think if she knew that her figure is captured (捕捉) and frozen on some stranger’s bedroom wall? A bedroom, after all, is a very private space, in which some woman I don’t even know has been immortalized (使永存). In some ways, she lives in my house. Perhaps we all live in each other’s space. Perhaps this is what photos are for: to remind us that we all appreciate beauty, that we all share a common desire for pleasure, for connection, for something that is greater than us. That photo is a reminder, a captured moment, an unspoken conversation between two women, separated only by a thin square of glass. 1. What happened when the author was about to take a photo? A. Her camera stopped working. B. A woman blocked her view. C. Someone asked her to leave. D. A friend approached from behind. 2. In the author’s opinion, what makes the photo so alive? A. The rich color of the landscape. B. The perfect positioning of the camera. C. The woman’s existence in the photo. D. The soft sunlight that summer day. 3. The photo on the bedroom wall enables the author to better understand ________. A. the need to be close to nature B. the importance of private space C. the joy of the vacation in Italy D. the shared passion for beauty 4. The passage can be seen as the author’s reflections upon ________. A. a particular life experience B. the pleasure of traveling C. the art of photography D. a lost friendship 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D 4. A 【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过讲述作者在无奈的情况下拍摄的一张被一位女士干扰的照片的故事，向读者描述了这样的照片反而显得更生动，我们应该懂得共享美丽，理解分享美丽的重要性。 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Unfortunately, just as I took out my camera, a woman approached from behind, and planted herself right in front of my view.(不幸的是，就在我拿出相机的时候，一个女人从后面走过来，站在了我的视野前面)”可知，当作者要拍照时，一位女士挡住了她的视线。故选B。 2. 细节理解题。根据第四段中“And now when I look at it, I think her presence in the photo is what makes the image interesting.(现在当我看着它的时候，我觉得她在照片里的存在让这张照片变得有趣)”可知，作者认为，是照片中的女士的存在让照片更加生动。故选C。 3. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Perhaps this is what photos are for: to remind us that we all appreciate beauty, that we all share a common desire for pleasure, for connection, for something that is greater than us.( 也许这就是照片的作用：提醒我们，我们都要欣赏美，我们都有一个共同的愿望，对快乐，对联系，对比我们更伟大的东西)”可推断，作者卧室里的照片提醒我们要共享美丽，更好地理解分享美丽的重要性。故选D。 4. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Perhaps this is what photos are for: to remind us that we all appreciate beauty, that we all share a common desire for pleasure, for connection, for something that is greater than us.( 也许这就是照片的作用：提醒我们，我们都要欣赏美，我们都有一个共同的愿望，对快乐，对联系，对比我们更伟大的东西)”以及最后一段“That photo is a reminder, a captured moment, an unspoken conversation between two women, separated only by a thin square of glass.(这张照片是一个提醒，一个被捕捉到的时刻，一个两个女人之间无声的对话，只被一块薄薄的玻璃隔开)”可推断，这篇文章是作者对一次特殊的生活经历的反思。故选A。 03 新闻报道 Passage 1 (2023•江苏)In October, 2021, three Chinese astronauts, Wang Yaping, Zhai Zhigang and Ye Guangfu, travelled to their space station. They stayed there for six months while they got ready for two new modules (舱), Wentian and Mengtian, to join the main module, Tianhe. In December, they gave a physics lesson from space to students in Hong Kong, Beijing and three other cities. Through a livestream(网络直播), the public could also enjoy the lesson. Wang Yaping gave the Tiangong lesson, while Zhai Zhigang made videos, and Ye Guangfu helped in the process. Excited students enjoyed the lesson about the effects of weightlessness on object movement. They were quite curious about what it’s like to live in space. There was no doubt that they had lots of questions specifically for astronaut Wang, who is famous as the first Chinese woman to go on a spacewalk. She had before spent several hours outside the station with Zhai, fixing equipment and doing tests. Wang said it was a great joy to teach children about space while she was there, referring to the two live science lectures she gave in 2013 and 2021. “My family told me that many netizens (Internet users) compared photos of my two lectures and found that our ’space classroom’ is now bigger, the content of the class is more colourful and interesting, and that the livestream is smoother and pictures clearer,” she said. 1. What was Wang Yaping’s 2021 Tiangong lesson about? A. Arts. B. Physics. C. History. D. Travel. 2. How did students feel about the Tiangong lesson? A. Excited. B. Sad. C. Doubtful. D. Bored. 3. What did Wang and Zhai do outside the space station? A. Made videos. B. Gave a physics lesson. C. Compared photos of two lectures. D. Fixed equipment and did tests. 4. What is one of the features of Wang Yaping’s 2021 lecture? A. Fewer questions. B. Unclearer pictures. C. More colourful content. D. Smaller space classroom. 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. D 4. C 【语篇解读】这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了三名中国宇航员在中国空间站内给全国的学生上了一堂太空物理课。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“In December, they gave a physics lesson from space to students in Hong Kong, Beijing and three other cities. Through a livestream (网络直播), the public could also enjoy the lesson.”(去年12月，他们给香港、北京和其他三个城市的学生上了一堂太空物理课。通过直播，公众也可以享受这一课。)可知，王亚平2021年的天宫课是关于物理的。故选B项。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Excited students enjoyed the lesson about the effects of weightlessness on object movement.”(兴奋的学生们喜欢上了关于失重对物体运动影响的课程。)可知，学生们对天宫课的感受是兴奋的。故选A项。 3. 细节理解题。根据第三段“She had before spent several hours outside the station with Zhai, fixing equipment and doing tests.”(之前，她和翟在空间站外待了几个小时，修理设备，做测试。)可知，王和翟在空间站外修理设备并进行测试。故选D项。 4. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“My family told me that many netizens (Internet users) compared photos of my two lectures and found that our ’space classroom’ is now bigger, the content of the class is more colourful and interesting, and that the livestream is smoother and pictures clearer,” she said.”( 她说:“我的家人告诉我，许多网友比较了我两次讲课的照片，发现我们的‘太空教室’现在更大了，课堂内容更丰富有趣，直播更流畅，图片更清晰。”)可知，王亚平2021年演讲的特点之一是内容更丰富多彩。故选C项。 Passage 2 (2023•江苏扬州)Physical weakness, lack of energy, severe hair loss, and pain in the neck, are more common among young people recently. More people are now turning to TCM for help, which stands for traditional Chinese medicine. Wang Louda, 30, who works in the social media industry, has gained a new respect for TCM after suffering from cervical(颈椎) pain. Six months ago, while driving home from work, Wang suddenly felt weakness in his left arm. He thought it was due to the hard work he was doing and that a good rest over the weekend would relieve it. However, the situation worsened after a week. He had no choice but to go to the hospital for an examination, which showed something wrong with his cervical. A friend recommended that he try acupuncture(针灸). After over a month of treatment with TCM, his pain had gradually disappeared. “TCM is relatively gentle and suitable for treating chronic (慢性的) diseases,” Wang says. Modern people, due to the endless use of mobile phones and computers, spend up to 10 hours a day sitting to study or work. This sedentary lifestyle, lacking in enough physical activity, means that the muscles and bones cannot receive enough relaxation and exercise, gradually leading to damage. Problems such as neck pain, shoulder pain, back pain, and leg pain are becoming increasingly common. Yao Jingyi, who works at a TCM clinic in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, has been engaged in the clinic for over 30 years. He is skilled in treating sports injuries, cervical pain, and chronic diseases. “Acupuncture is one of the treasures of traditional Chinese medicine,” Yao explains. According to him, the ancient practice of acupuncture woks well in treating “modern illnesses”, such as headache, backache and cervical pain. 5. How did Wang Louda recover from cervical pain? A. By taking enough exercise. B. By visiting clinics of TCM. C. By taking his friend’s medicine. D. By having good rests every day. 6. Which can help keep people away from common diseases? A. The lack of sleep. B. Endless use of Mobile phones. C. Long hours’ sitting. D. Enough relaxation and exercise. 7. What does the underlined word “sedentary” in the 7th paragraph probably mean? A. Inactive. B. Unusual. C. Flexible. D. Common. 8. What is the passage mainly about? A. The history of traditional Chinese medical treatment. B. An advertisement for traditional Chinese medicine. C. The modern popularity of traditional Chinese treatment. D. The future development of Chinese acupuncture. 【答案】5. B 6. D 7. A 8. C 【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章通过讲述了一位30岁的年轻人在饱受颈椎病折磨后，在朋友的推荐下，尝试中医传统疗法，最终疼痛消失的故事，表明中医疗法在现代疾病中的良好效果并越来越流行的事情。 5. 细节理解题。根据第五段第二句“After over a month of treatment with TCM, his pain had gradually disappeared.”(经过一个多月的中医治疗，他的疼痛逐渐消失了。)可知，Wang Louda是经过一个多月的中医治疗从颈椎疼痛中恢复过来的。故选B项。 6. 推理判断题。根据第七段“Modern people, due to the endless use of mobile phones and computers, spend up to 10 hours a day sitting to study or work.”(由于无休止地使用手机和电脑，现代人每天坐着学习或工作的时间长达10个小时。)以及“This sedentary lifestyle, lacking in enough physical activity, means that the muscles and bones cannot receive enough relaxation and exercise, gradually leading to damage.”(这种久坐不动的生活方式，缺乏足够的体育活动，意味着肌肉和骨骼无法得到足够的放松和锻炼，逐渐导致损伤。)可知，青年人得常见病的原因主要包含久坐不动，缺乏足够的体力活动，和得不到足够的放松和锻炼，推断出足够的放松和锻炼可以帮助年轻人远离常见病。故选D项。 7. 词义猜测题。根据第七段“lacking in enough physical activity, means that the muscles and bones cannot receive enough relaxation and exercise, gradually leading to damage”(缺乏足够的体育活动，意味着肌肉和骨骼无法得到足够的放松和锻炼，逐渐导致损伤)可知，缺乏充足锻炼的生活方式导致损伤，推断出sedentary意为“不活动的”，和inactive意思相同。故选A项。 8. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“More people are now turning to TCM for help, which stands for traditional Chinese medicine.”(现在，越来越多的人向中医寻求帮助，中医代表传统中医。)及最后一段“According to him, the ancient practice of acupuncture woks well in treating “modern illnesses”, such as headache, backache and cervical pain.”(据他说，古代针灸在治疗“现代疾病”方面效果很好，如头痛、背痛和颈部疼痛。)可知，文章主要通过一位30岁的年轻人在饱受颈椎病折磨后，在朋友的推荐下，尝试中医传统疗法，最终疼痛消失的故事，说明这篇文章主要是关于传统中医疗法在现代疾病治疗中，越来越流行的事情。故选C项。 Passage 3 (2023•江苏)At 5:13 on the morning of April 18th 1906, the city of San Francisco was shaken by a terrible earthquake. A great part of the city was destroyed and a large number of buildings were burnt. The number of people who lost homes reached as many as 250, 000. About 700 people died in the earthquake and the fires. Another earthquake shook San Francisco on October 17th, 1989. It was America’s second strongest earthquake and about 100 people were killed. It happened in the evening as people were travelling home. A wide and busy road which was built like a bridge over another road fell onto the one below. Many people were killed in their cars, but a few lucky ones were not hurt. Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the centre of town but about 50 kilometres away. In one part of the town a great many buildings were destroyed. These buildings were over 50 years old, so they were not strong enough. There were a lot of fires all over the city. The electricity was cut off for several days too. Why do earthquakes happen? Scientists explain that the outside of the earth is made of a number of different plates. At San Francisco the Pacific plate which is moving towards the northwest meets the North American plate. The Pacific plate is moving very slowly—at 5.3 centimetres a year. Sometimes these two plates stop and do not move for years. Then suddenly, they jump and an earthquake is felt. As a result of the movement of these plates, west America near the sea has always been a bad place for earthquakes. When the 1906 earthquake happened, the Pacific plate jumped 5-6 metres to the north. Scientists are afraid that one day an even bigger earthquake will hit the area around San Francisco. They call it “The Big One”. However, people today are still building more houses. The population in and around San Francisco is now ten times more than it was in 1906. This means that if there is another big earthquake, a great many houses and buildings will be destroyed. 9. Fewer people were killed in the 1989 San Francisco earthquake because the earthquake happened_______. A. in the centre of the city B. in the daytime C. outside the city D. in the evening 10. Which might be the worst earthquake in the history of the USA according to the passage? A. The 1906 earthquake. B. The 1976 earthquake. C. The 1989 earthquake. D. Both A and C. 11. Why do earthquake happen? A. Because the surface of the earth is too thin. B. Because some plates of the earth move suddenly. C. Because the houses built on the earth are not strong. D. Because the plates are moving slowly. 12. What should we do about the earthquake? A. We should learn how to predict earthquakes and stop them. B. We should stop building new houses. C. We should build strong buildings in the right places. D. We should try our best to stop earthquakes. 13. What does the underlined word “one” in the second paragraph refer to? A. Bridge. B. Road. C. Car. D. Street. 【答案】9. C 10. A 11. B 12. C 13. B 【导读】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了发生在旧金山的两次地震，分别是1906年地震和1989年地震。旧金山所处的太平洋板块向西北移动，会与北美板块相遇，板块之间的突然快速移动会导致地震发生。随着发展，在旧金山，人们仍然建造了更多的房子，人口也是1906年的十倍多，如果发生地震，将会造成很大的破坏和伤亡。 9. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段内容“Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the centre of town but about 50 kilometres away.(幸运的是，1989年的地震没有发生在市中心，而是发生在50公里以外。)”可知，1989年的地震发生在距离市中心50公里以外的地区，从而导致了较少的人员伤亡。故选C项。 10. 推理判断题。根据文章第一段内容对于1906年地震的描述“At 5:13 on the morning of April 18th 1906, the city of San Francisco was shaken by a terrible earthquake. A great part of the city was destroyed and a large number of buildings were burnt. The number of people who lost homes reached as many as 250, 000. About 700 people died in the earthquake and the fires.(1906年4月18日早上5点13分，旧金山市发生了一场可怕的地震。城市的很大一部分被毁，大量的建筑物被烧毁。失去家园的人数达到了25万人。大约700人在地震和火灾中丧生。)”可知，1906年的旧金山地震发生在凌晨，造成了巨大的城市破坏，无家可归的人数和死亡人数都很多，且后文第四段内容“When the 1906 earthquake happened, the Pacific plate jumped 5-6 metres to the north.(1906年地震发生时，太平洋板块向北快速移动了5-6米。)”提及1906年地震时，太平洋板块向北移动了较大距离，由此可推知，1906年的旧金山地震应是美国历史上最严重的地震。故选A项。 11. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段内容“Scientists explain that the outside of the earth is made of a number of different plates. At San Francisco the Pacific plate which is moving towards the northwest meets the North American plate. The Pacific plate is moving very slowly—at 5.3 centimetres a year. Sometimes these two plates stop and do not move for years. Then suddenly, they jump and an earthquake is felt.(科学家们解释说，地球的外部是由许多不同的板块组成的。在旧金山，向西北移动的太平洋板块与北美板块相遇。太平洋板块的移动非常缓慢——每年移动5.3厘米。有时，这两个板块会静止不动好几年。突然，它们快速移动起来，就感觉到了地震。)”可知，是由于板块的突然快速移动造成了地震。故选B项。 12. 推理判断题。根据文章末尾段内容“Scientists are afraid that one day an even bigger earthquake will hit the area around San Francisco. However, people today are still building more houses. The population in and around San Francisco is now ten times more than it was in 1906. This means that if there is another big earthquake, a great many houses and buildings will be destroyed.(科学家们担心有一天旧金山周围地区会发生更大的地震。然而，今天人们仍然在建造更多的房子。现在旧金山及其周围的人口是1906年的十倍多。这意味着如果再发生一次大地震，许多房屋和建筑物将被摧毁。)”可知，旧金山周围地区有可能发生更大的地震，而人们仍然在这里建造更多的房子，人口也是1906年的十倍多，如果发生地震，将会造成很大的破坏和伤亡。由此可推知，就无法避免的地震来说，应该在适当的地点修建坚固的房屋。故选C项。 13. 词义猜测题。根据语法规则可知，“one”在句中应是用来指代前面提到的同类事物的任何一个，即，前文“A wide and busy road which was built like a bridge over another road fell onto the one below(一条宽阔繁忙的道路，像一座桥一样横跨在另一条路上，它倒在了下面的一条上)”中提及的“road”。故选B项。 Passage 4 (2021•江苏)“I had no intention to adopt a cat that day. I just liked being around animals.” Miranda says. But when she saw Nala in her metal cage, “We made eye contact and I couldn't resist(抗拒) her big blue eyes.” At that point, “Nala was so small. I asked the shelter if I could hold her. Once had Nala in my arms, Nala looked up at me and licked(舔) my face.” And that was when she knew she had to take this kitty home. Still, Miranda never imagined Nala would become an Insta-star. “I started Nala’s Instagram account in 2012 as a way to share photos with my close friends and family in Thailand,” she explained. The possibility of Nala gaining attention beyond that small group of people hadn’t occurred to her until it happened. Miranda says, “Each time Nala’s photo was featured on Instagram’s popular page, her account would gain 1,000 new followers.” From there, Nala’s popularity snowballed. Large nationwide brands messaged Miranda about hiring Nala to do ads. “This took us by surprise because we couldn’t believe that a big brand wanted to pay them to take photos with their products next to Nala.” Nala started life out in a shelter, just waiting to be loved like many other animals that were abandoned. Today that dream has surely come true. Nala has over 4 million followers on Instagram, which earned her the title “Guinness World Records Most Popular Cat on Instagram.” In addition to managing her Insta fame, Nala is being asked to test various cat food brands.  More importantly, “Nala is our chance to share the love to help create a better life for other animals, so they can grow well and bring joy to the world like Nala has.” 14. What is the first paragraph mainly about? A. Visits to a shelter. B. Love at first sight. C. Power of blue eyes. D. Duty to adopt cats. 15. Why did Miranda open Nala’s Instagram account? A. To meet Nala’s needs. B. To help Nala be a star. C. To share Nala’s pictures. D. To attract public attention. 16. How did Miranda feel about Nala’s popularity? A. Satisfied B. Amazed. C. Upset. D. Disappointed 17. What does the underlined phrase “that dream” in paragraph 4 refer to? A. Being well treated like many of her kind. B. Starting life in the shelter. C. Gaining chances to earn money. D. Being raised by Instagram fans. 【答案】14. B 15. C 16. B 17. A 【语篇解读】这是一篇新闻报道。Nala是一只猫咪，在被Miranda收养后在网络上走红。 14. 主旨大意题。根据第一段第三句中的“We made eye contact and I couldn't resist(抗拒)her big blue eyes.”(我们眼神接触，我无法抗拒它蓝色的大眼睛。)和最后一句“And that was when she knew she had to take this kitty home.”(就在那时，她知道她必须把这只小猫带回家。)可知，第一段主要是讲Miranda第一次见到Nala时就喜欢上了这只小猫并把它带回了家。所以第一段主要是讲与一只猫咪的一见钟情。故选B。 15. 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“I started Nala’s Instagram account in 2012 as a way to share photos with my close friends and family in Thailand”(2012年，我开通了Nala的Instagram账号，以便与我在泰国的亲密朋友和家人分享照片)可知，Miranda开通了Nala的Instagram账号是为了分享Nala的照片。故选C。 16. 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“This took us by surprise because we couldn’t believe that a big brand wanted to pay them to take photos with their products next to Nala.”(这让我们很惊讶，因为我们不敢相信一个大品牌愿意付钱让他们在Nala旁边给他们的产品拍照。)可知，Miranda对Nala的走红感到惊奇。故选B。 17. 词句猜测题。根据倒第二段第一句“Nala started life out in a shelter, just waiting to be loved like many other animals that were abandoned. ”(Nala在收容所开始了自己的生活，就像许多其他被遗弃的动物一样，等待着被爱。)可知，那个梦是指像它的同类一样受到善待。故选A。 Passage 5 A self-service flower shop operated by a college student in Beijing is attracting many young customers, Chinese media reported. Different from traditional shops in the capital, the young storekeeper surnamed Wang opened the first self-service flower shop where people can select flowers and pay via mobile payment systems including Wechat and Alipay. Born after 2000 and a lover of literature, the young man said “he begins the startup (创业) because it will not take up his time”. “Besides, people can go to flower shops at any time,” he added. “I cannot focus on reading when I have to serve customers.” So Wang opened the self-service flower shop after doing market research. Most young customers like shopping in a free environment, and hate promotion (推销) from clerks, he explained, adding that customers can have their questions answered about the names of flowers through mobile apps. Even though there is no shopkeeper, the operation has attracted many young customers and proved to be a success, at least for now. Although he does not sell flowers in the shop in person, Wang said he would go to the shop at odd intervals to take care of the flowers though he couldn’t afford it full time. “It is a business with a little money, and it can’t cause a huge loss if a burglary (偷盗) happens,” he said, adding that he trusts people. 18. How do people pay for flowers? (no more than 8 words) ________________________________________________ 19. Why does Wang open the self-service flower shop? (no more than 20 words) ________________________________________________ 20. How can customers have their questions answered about flowers? (no more than 10 words) ________________________________________________ 21. What does the underlined phrase “at odd intervals” most probably mean? (no more than 4 words) ________________________________________________ 22. What do you think of the self-service flower shop? Tell your reasons. (no more than 25 words) ________________________________________________ 【答案】 18. By/Through/Via mobile payment systems including WeChat and Alipay. 19. Because it will not take up his time and people can go to flower shops at any time. 20. Through mobile apps/the Internet. 21. Occasionally./Every now and then./Now and then./Sometimes./Once in a while. 22. I think it is clever/perfect, because it saves time and provides a free environment. 【知识点】市场与经济 【语篇解读】这是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了一位大学生在北京开的第一家无店主花店。文章介绍了店主开这家花店的原因和经营模式。 18. 考查细节理解。根据第二段“people can select flowers and pay via mobile payment systems including WeChat and Alipay.(人们可以选择花和通过移动支付系统包括微信和支付宝支付)”可知，人们可以通过微信和支付宝等移动支付系统付款。故答案为By/Through/Via mobile payment systems including WeChat and Alipay. 19. 考查细节理解。根据第三段的“the young man said “he begins the startup (创业) because it will not take up his time”. “Besides, people can go to flower shops at any time,” he added.(这个年轻人说“他开始创业是因为这不会占用他的时间”。“此外，人们可以随时去花店，”他补充说)”可知，王开办自主服务花店是因为不会占用他的时间，人们随时都可以去花店。故答案为Because it will not take up his time and people go to flower shops at any time. 20. 考查细节理解。根据第四段的“customers can have their questions answered about categories and names of flowers through mobile apps.(顾客可以通过手机应用程序询问鲜花的名字)”可知，顾客可以通过手机应用程序询问鲜花的名字。故答案为Through mobile apps/the Internet. 21. 考查词句猜测。根据上文“Although he does not sell flowers in the shop in person, Wang said he would go to the shop at odd intervals to take care of the flowers though he couldn’t afford it full time.(尽管他不亲自卖花，王说，他会at odd intervals去商店照看这些花，尽管他抽不出全部时间)”可知，王不能全职去照看这些花，因此推断他会偶尔去照看这些花，划线部分的意思是“偶尔”，故答案为Occasionally/Every now and then/Now and then/Sometimes/Once in a while. 22. 开放性试题。言之有理即可，注意词数限制。根据整篇文章所表达的内容得出，自主花店的主意是非常棒的，因为它节省了时间并提供了一个免费的环境。参考答案为I think it is clever/perfect, because it saves time and provides a free environment. 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