专题04 阅读理解(说明文)-【好题汇编】备战2025年高中学业水平合格考英语真题分类汇编（江苏专用）

专题04 阅读理解(说明文)(江苏专用) 高频话题01 环境保护 Passage 1 (2023•江苏)With the increasing number of Everest mountain climbers, more litter is left behind on this natural wonder. Fortunately, Nepalese(尼泊尔的) officials are working to deal with this environment disaster. Mount Everest has brought much-needed income to Nepal, but a lot of waste has gathered as a result. Climbers need a lot of equipment to successfully climb the mountain. A typical team of climbers can easily use up hundreds of oxygen containers and as many as 15 plastic tents and other equipment during the climb. In addition, there is the problem with human waste. This has been a growing problem and has put life in danger. The waste problem now spreads from the base camp to the river below, polluting the local water supply. In 2014, the Nepalese government tried to solve this pollution problem, requiring that climbers bring back 18 pounds of rubbish on their way down the mountain. But this solution did not work well. Mount Everest officials and the city of Kathmandu put forward a new proposal. First of all, dustbins have been placed along the mountain paths. In addition, heavy fines will be given to climbers who pollute the mountain. These climbers risk losing their $4,000 waste deposit (保证金) if caught throwing things. In this way, careless throwing will surely be reduced. Finally, the rubbish will be removed from the mountain. A local plane company has agreed to use its planes to carry the waste from the mountain to the capital city, where it will be treated. Now, with these new rules in place, the mountain should see a return to its former self. 1. What caused the Mount Everest environment disaster? A. The increasing number of villagers. B. Litter left behind by the climbers. C. Nepalese officials who work there. D. Rubbish produced by nature itself. 2. Which of the following pollute(s) the local water supply according to paragraph 2? A. Human waste. B. Plastic tents. C. Oxygen containers. D. Climbing equipment. 3. What were the climbers required to do in 2014? A. Limit the use of oxygen containers. B. Use wood and metal to put up tents. C. Avoid drinking water from the river below. D. Take 18 pounds of litter down the mountain. 4. How many new rules are put forward in the last paragraph? A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five. Passage 2 (2023•江苏南通)While they can’t pick out precise numbers, animals can comprehend that more is, well, more. From birds to bees and wolves to frogs, animals use numbers to hunt, find a mate, return to their home, and more. Researchers believe that this ability, known as numerical competence, plays an important role in how animals make these decisions. Andreas Nieder, a biologist at the University of Tübingen, explores the current literature on how different animals comprehend numbers. Honeybees, for instance, can remember the number of landmarks they pass when searching for food in order to find their way back home. This ability can also be seen in animals choosing a larger amount of food over a smaller amount or in animals forming hunting groups. Wolves are more likely to hunt successfully if they have the right number of wolves in their pack for their prey (猎物) with prey like elk (驼鹿), only around six to eight wolves are needed, while hunting wild pigs requires a pack of nine to thirteen. Their prey also uses this concept to protect themselves—elk tend to live in small groups, which rarely have encounters with wolves, or gather in large groups to reduce the chance of any individual becoming prey. “They are assessing the number of individuals in their groups for their everyday life situations,” Nieder says. Furthermore, numerical competence also plays a role in attracting a mate. For example, male frogs sing “advertisement” calls to attract females. The females, listening to their complicated calls, choose the males that sing the most “chucks” in their calls. Now researchers do have some sense of the rules that govern numerical competence in animals. For example, they count approximately (大概) rather than specifically and two numbers need to be more different for them to tell them apart as those numbers get bigger. However, Nieder argues that more research needs to be done. “I hope I can encourage behavioral ecologists to specifically explore numerical competence in the wild, and, in doing so, also open new research fields,” he says. 5. What do the examples of wolves and elk suggest about numerical competence? A. It gives animals a reproduction benefit. B. It affects animals’ chances of survival. C. It is decided by animals’ hunting ability. D. It develops well in social animals. 6. How does the author mainly develop this text? A. By listing figures. B. By asking questions. C. By giving examples. D. By making comparisons. 7. What do Nieder’s words in the last paragraph focus on concerning animals’ numerical competence? A. Its fundamental rules. B. Its appeal to behavioral ecologists. C. Researchers in new study fields. D. Expectations for further studies. 8. What can be the best title for the text? A. Animals’ understanding of numbers gives them an advantage B. Numerical competence research achieves a breakthrough C. Animals develop numerical competence? Never D. Can many animals count? Better than you Passage 3 (2023•江苏)Earthquakes are common natural disaster. No matter where you are, knowing how to protect yourself and your family during an earthquake is necessary. Some expert propose that when you feel the ground is shaking, drop down, take cover under a desk and hold on. Most earthquake injuries are the result of being hit by something falling on you. You should stay indoors until the shaking stops. If you are outdoors, don’t stay near building, trees or power lines. Many people think that in case of an earthquake, they should “get under something” like a doorway or desk, in order to avoid being hurt by falling objects. Rescue experts now say this is the wrong thing to do. For example, in the 1985 Mexico City earthquakes, they found hundreds of children in schools, crushed by their desks. However, they could have survived by lying in the aisle(通道，走道) next to their desks. So find a nice piece of furniture, a chair, a sofa, and lie down, or curl up next to it. A falling roof may compact the furniture, but will still leave a space for you to survive next to it. This also holds true if you are in a hotel room, especially at night. Get of the bed, and lie down next to it. In San Francisco’s 1989 earthquake, the upper freeway fell on the lower one. People who drove along were crushed in their cars. But they had time to get out and lie down next to their cars. Yes, their cars were cashed bur there was space from top to bottom next to the vehicles for people to survive and await a rescue. Doorways and stairways are very unsafe Slay away from those. What can we do to keep ourselves safe? Saying calm is the first and most important rule when facing accidents. 9. What should you do first when accidents happen according to this passage? A. Get under buildings B. Stay near trees. C. Keep calm D. Drop down 10. What can we learn from the text? A. “Get under something” can avoid being hurt B. Right earthquake survival tips can save life. C. Earthquakes cause great damage. D. Don’t drive on the upper freeway during an earthquake 11. Which of the following is the closest meaning of the underlined word “crushed” in Paragraph 3? A. hidden B. protected C. killed D. supported 12. How can we probably get a narrow escape from an earthquake? A. Lie down next to a strong piece of furniture or a car B. Lie down under a table or desk C. Run out of the house and stay under a big tree. D. Shout out loudly and ask for help Passage 4 (2022•江苏苏州)Surrounded by the sea off the coast in Mid-Norway, lies an island called Myken. This small island has about ten permanent residents, and for more than 50 years has been supplied with electricity via a 32-kilometer undersea cable(电缆). A break that appeared in the cable last autumn resulted in two months without power, so the island community started looking into a better way of sourcing their electricity. “Myken is far out at sea, so as far as possible it should be taking care of things itself,” says Kyrre Sundseth, who is a hydrogen(氢) researcher in Norway and also the project manager for Myken’s energy project. “This is why we want Myken to become entirely self-sufficient in energy. It is also important to take the environment into consideration,” he says. Much points to the idea that the solution may lie in a Hydrogen plant, specifically tailored for small islands. The “raw materials” for hydrogen production come from nature itself in the form of the sun and wind. Researchers have calculated that energy costs will be lower by using hydrogen production than the undersea cable option. And it is possible to store energy in the form of hydrogen for longer periods. This means that supplies will not have to rely on a lot of expensive batteries or external energy sources, even during periods when the sun isn’t shining, or the wind isn’t blowing. The Myken project has attracted several technology companies. They are currently working on a pilot project. The pilot involves experiments on the feasibility (可行性) of the hydrogen system in which electricity is generated from solar and wind sources. The electricity can be used immediately, but during periods when all the energy generated is not required, the spare energy can be used to split seawater into hydrogen and oxygen. The hydrogen can be stored in a tank, and used later to generate electricity. The pilot will help researchers know more about how effectively the system will work in the hydrogen plant. Since the island has a distillery (酿酒厂), where the distillation(蒸馏) process relies on energy, a hydrogen plant on Myken offers an even greater environmental benefit. Spare heat from the hydrogen system can also be used for the heating part in the distillation process. “In Norway alone there are about 300 island inhabited all year round by small populations,” says Kyrre Sundseth. “All of these islands may be candidates for using this technology. In global terms we’re talking about 10,000 similar islands.” 13. Why is a hydrogen plant suitable for Myken? A. It is perfect in size for small islands. B. It can send electricity to faraway places. C. It will restore local natural environment. D. It provides green and sustainable energy. 14. What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 4? A. The study on the energy storage. B. The test on the hydrogen system. C. The experiment on the raw materials. D. The research on the innovation of the pilot. 15. According to the passage, a hydrogen plant will ______. A. produce purified seawater B. prove more technically reliable C. contribute in more than one way D. benefit from the distillation process 16. What does Kyrre Sundseth think of the project? A. Promising. B. Systematic. C. Irreplaceable. D. Time saving. 高频话题02 科普知识 Passage 1 (2024•江苏南通)Deepfake: synthetic(合成的) media, including images, videos, and audio, is generated by Al technology to show something that does not exist or events that have never occurred. Examples of deepfakes have been widely spread, including a video of Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg giving a speech about his company’s plan, and a video of Elon Musk dancing and talking about the power of dreams, etc. It’s easy for AI to produce such deepfakes using two different deep-learning algorithms(算法): one that creates the best possible clone based on a real image or video and another that detects whether the copy is fake(伪造的) and, if it is, reports on the differences between it and the original. The first algorithm produces a synthetic image and receives feedback on it from the second algorithm and then adjusts it to make it appear more real; the loop is repeated as many times as it takes until the second algorithm does not detect any false imagery. Deepfakers often have evil motives, including creating misinformation and generating confusion. They tend to demean, terrify, and annoy, and have targeted not only celebrities but ordinary citizens as well. Most of the academic research surrounding deepfakes focuses on the detection of huge amount of deepfake videos emerging online. One detection approach is to use algorithms to identify inconsistencies in deepfake videos. For example, an automatic system can examine videos for errors such as irregular blinking patterns of lighting. However, these approaches have been criticized because deepfake detection is characterized by a “moving goal post” where the production of deepfakes is changing and improving while detection tools are always on the way of catching them up. However, education and medicine are two of the fields that may benefit from deepfake technology. In the classroom, historical speeches could be deepfaked to offer immersive and engaging lessons. In health care, it can improve the accuracy with which tumors(肿瘤) are spotted, making them easier to treat. Its use also permits using synthesized data instead of that from real patients to avoid privacy concerns. 1. How does AI create a deepfake video according to the passage? A. By copying and combining the fake images. B. By constantly teaching itself to perfect the output. C. By acquiring feedback from multiple sources. D. By repeatedly generating realistic images from scratch. 2. What is the challenge of detecting deepfake videos? A. Ever-evolving deepfake techniques. B. Insufficient academic basis on detection solutions. C. A massive number of false videos online. D. Limited availability of detection tools. 3. What is the author’s attitude toward deepfake? A. Supportive. B. Critical. C. Objective. D. Unconcerned. 4. What is probably the best title for the passage? A. Potential threats: AI’s new playground B. Deepfake: Human’s another helping hand C. Artificial Intelligence: A piece of fake D. Detecting deepfake: An ongoing battle Passage 2 (2024•江苏苏州)Cities are difficult to navigate(导航) at the best of times, but for people with disabilities they can be like courses with hurdles and bring inconvenience to disabled people. A UK national travel survey found that adults with mobility difficulties took 39% fewer trips than those with no disability in 2017. Yet that could change as devices and cities grow smarter. Assistive tech is playing a big role in the transformation. The global value of the industry is expected to increase from $14 billion in 2015 to $30.8 billion in 2024, according to Zion Market Research. One of the things that could transform lives is a smart walking stick designed by engineers from Young Guru Academy (YGA) in Turkey. The WeWalk stick has a sensor that detects hurdles above chest level and uses vibrations (振动) to warn the user. It can be paired with a smartphone to help navigation, and is connected with a voice assistant and Google Maps. Ceylan, who has been blind since birth, says that connecting the stick to the Internet of Things and smart city solutions makes it user-friendly. “As a blind person, when I am at the Metro station I don’t know which is my exit ... I don’t know which bus is approaching ... which stores are around me. That kind of information can be provided with the WeWalk,” he says. “The smart walking stick is really an exciting initiative that will make a huge difference to some people,” says Anna Lawson, the director of the Center for Disability Studies at Leeds University in the United Kingdom. “But they are very expensive ... they’re not going to be available to the vast majority of disabled people,” she added. Bryan Matthews, a lecturer at the Institute for Transport Studies at the University of Leeds, shares the concerns about cost. He says there should also be a focus on inclusive design, and anything that helps people navigate their environment is positive. 5. What does “that” in the second paragraph refer to? A. The survey that compared adults’ mobility. B. The smart industry that is booming. C. The fact that the disabled traveled less. D. The role that the assistive tech plays. 6. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A. The working principles of the WeWalk stick. B. The introduction of the WeWalk stick inventors. C. The transformation caused by the WeWalk stick. D. The benefits brought about by the WeWalk stick. 7. What’s the purpose of quoting Ceylan? A. To show the value of smart tech. B. To urge more attention to the blind. C. To increase the potential market share. D. To encourage tech research and development. 8. What is the disadvantage of the WeWalk stick? A. Confusing instructions. B. Poor navigation. C. Inclusive designs. D. High prices. Passage 3 (2023•江苏)You drove ten hours to your aunt’s house, and you’re ready to get some sleep in the guest room. But though you’re so tired, sleep just doesn’t come. You turn from side to side in bed all night. And finally, when you do fall asleep, you wake up just an hour later. It’s so easy to fall asleep in your own bed. So why can’t you sleep well here? Martha Hotz Vitaterna, a brain scientist, knows all about this problem. “In some sleep research circles, this is called the “first night effect”, she says. “People do not sleep well the first night. There is less slow brainwave activity, meaning not as much time in deep sleep. In animal studies, we see this phenomenon (现象) as well.” The fact that this happens in other animals, too, makes scientists think that bad sleep in new places is the result of a very old process inside your brain. It may date back to the time long before humans evolved (进化). When you’re in your own bed, your brain knows it’s home and you will be safe. It can relax and fall into a deep, healthy sleep. But when you sleep in an unfamiliar place, your brain stays slightly attentive to make sure no dangers are nearby. Even familiar sounds still make you worried. What’s that? Is it dangerous? It wakes up the brain to keep you ready to escape if you need to. But there’s good news: for most people, after just one or two nights in a new place, our anxious brains start to feel safe again. And finally we can have a full night of sleep. 9. What is the “first night effect”? A. Poor sleep on the first night. B. Less rapid brainwave activity. C. Long deep sleep all night. D. Good habit of sleeping. 10. From paragraph 3 we know that bad sleep in new places ________. A. brings danger to health B. exists only in humans C. has bad effects on the brain D. has a very long history 11. Why is it harder to sleep in new places? A. There are real dangers nearby. B. New beds feel uncomfortable. C. People feel unsafe and worried. D. The brain stops working normally. 12. What’s good news for most people? A. Brains no longer feel safe. B. They will have a quick mind. C. They can finally sleep well. D. Unfamiliar sounds disappear. Passage 4 (2023•江苏)What would life be like without commas (逗号)? It would be quite confusing. Take this simple sentence as an example: Let’s eat Dad! Without a comma, Dad becomes the food. Add comma, and Dad becomes a partner at dinner: Let’s eat, Dad! The comma enables people to have a better understanding of the sentence. Here’s another example: Tom said Sarah stole the cake. Here, Sarah is the thief. But add a pair of commas, and Tom becomes the thief: Tom, said Sarah, stole the cake. The examples above clearly show that people cannot do without commas in writing. Yet, the comma came from oral speeches. Long ago, most people could not read. They listened to the news or stories told by the people who gave speeches. The comma began as something to mark the resting place in a sentence. When reading, the speakers knew where to stop and take a breath. In writing, commas are like shining red lights on the road. They require that you wait a moment before continuing. And don’t add a comma when you feel like it. There are rules that people shall not break. Learn them, and you won’t be eating anyone or making wrong changes. 13. Without commas, life would be________. A. frightening B. puzzling C. relaxing D. interesting 14. The author uses two examples in the passage to________. A. tell jokes to readers B. show the importance of using commas C. tell stories to readers D. show the difficulty of using commas 15. Commas were first used to________. A. indicate a long sentence B. rewrite an unclear sentence C. continue a sentence D. mark a break in a sentence 16. According to the last paragraph, we use commas by following________. A. our feelings B. our speeches C. certain rules D. some facts 17. What is the best title for the passage? A. Commas Make Sentences Clear. B. Commas Make English Interesting. C. Commas Make Writing Easy. D. Commas Make Speeches Surprising. Passage 5 (2023•江苏)What exactly is technology? There aren't any easy answers. Despite the fact that technology has re-mained one of the most controversial areas of modern science, especially when linked to human life or so-cial morals, much progress has been made in recent years, which has made the experts and common peo-ple think again. Technology is the application of knowledge to production. Thanks to modern technology, we have been able to increase greatly the efficiency of our work force. New machines and new methods have helped cut down time and expense while increasing overall output. This has meant more production and a higher standard of living. For most of the ordinary people, modern technology is thought of as the reason why we can have cars, television sets, cell phones, robots and so on. However, technology has also increased the a-mount of food available to us, by means of modern farming machinery and animal breeding techniques, and has extended our life span through medical technology. Will mankind continue to live longer and have a higher quality of life? In large measure the answer depends on technology and our ability to use it widely. If we keep making progress as we have over the past fifty years, the answer may be yes. The advancement of technology depends upon research and devel-opment, and the latest statistics show that developed countries are continuing to pump billions of dollars every year into such efforts. So while we are running out of some scarce (稀少的) resources we may well find technological substitutes for many of them through our research programs. Therefore, in the final analysis the three major factors of production(land, labor and capital)are all influenced by technology. When we need new skills or techniques in medicine, people will start developing new technology to meet those needs. As equipment proves to be slow or inefficient, new machines will be invented. Technology responds to our needs in helping us maintain our standard of living. 18. Which of the following statements best summarizes the author's main points？ A. Science is the most important part of modern technology. B. Technology has nothing to do with the major factors of production. C. Modern technology is the key to the improvement of standard of living. D. Technology leads to more needs in production and human life. 19. What's the author's attitude toward modern technology？ A. Favorable. B. Indifferent. C. Negative. D. Doubtful. 20. What could be inferred from Paragraph 3？ A. Technology has increased the amount of food. B. Technology can definitely make people live long. C. Technology can soon create non-renewable resources. D. Technology progress depends on more expenses and efforts. 21. Where is this article probably from？ A. A report to the government. B. A school textbook. C. Latest news in a newspaper. D. A scientific magazine. Passage 6 (2022•江苏苏州)Tokyo University laboratory has developed a robot that never loses at the game of Rock Paper Scissors. That is because its visual processing abilities and fingers work together faster than any human brain. A video of the robot has been watched by more than 3 million viewers on YouTube since going online at the end of June. Tokyo University engineering professor Masatoshi Ishikawa has a good-natured response to frustrated human losers who accuse him of essentially creating a robot that cheats. “It is not cheating. Every one millisecond (千分之一秒) the image processor decides and recognizes the shape the human hand is going to make. And then the robot can make a winnable shape one millisecond later than a human being. Only one millisecond, but a human cannot see this difference because the human eye is very slow,” explained Ishikawa. At the Ishikawa Oku Laboratory there has been amazing progress which shows the near perfect accuracy of robotics, such as a robot that can catch a falling egg without breaking it, another one that can tie a knot, and a robot that may not be quite ready for the NBA, but is able to dribble (运球) a ball. In sports such as baseball and cricket, the misses outnumber (比......多) successes for even the most skilled athletes. That is not so in this award-winning school laboratory. For instance, an intelligent robot is the result of five years of research and a lot of trial and error. And the cost of just one finger on the robot is equal to that of a mini car. The technology obviously has uses beyond fun and games. Corporations are eager to take advantage of the lab’s technology for industrial and other practical uses. And there is talk of applying it to assisting disabled people and improving human capabilities. 22. What brings the robot so much attention on the YouTube? A. It plays online games much better than any human. B. Its eyes and fingers can work at the same time. C. It can do whatever people tell it to do. D. It never loses in the game against humans. 23. Ishikawa’s explanation suggests that the robot ________. A. proves to be dishonest B. responds faster than humans C. works slower sometimes D. is lucky to win the game 24. The author proves that a robot is skillful and accurate through ________. A. performing an experiment B. telling an interesting story C. offering some practical examples D. ordering it to do something hard 25. Which section of a website is the text probably taken from? A. Science and technology. B. Human and society. C. Sports and games. D. Relaxation and entertainment. Passage 7 (2022•江苏南通)You have probably read about robots replacing human labour as a new era of automation takes root in one industry after another. However, a new report suggests humans are not the only ones who might lose their jobs. In New Zealand, farmers are using drones(无人机) to herd and monitor cows and sheep, taking up the position that highly intelligent dogs have held for more than a century. The robots have not replaced the dogs entirely, Radio New Zealand reports, but they have appropriated(盗用) one of the animal's most powerful tools: barking. The DJI Mavic Enterprise, a $ 3,500 drone favored by farmers, has a feature that lets the machine record sounds and play them over a loudspeaker, giving the machine the ability to imitate its canine counterparts. Corey Lambeth, a shepherd on a farm, told RNZ the machines are surprisingly effective. “That's the one thing I've noticed that when you're moving cows the old cows stand up to the dogs, but with the drones, they've never done that,” he said, noting the drones move cows faster, with less stress, than the dogs do. The drones come in handy for more than just herding cows and sheep. The robots allow farmers to monitor their land from afar, monitoring water and feed levels and checking on the animals' health without disturbing them. Jason Rentoul told RNZ that a two- hour herding job that used to require two people and two teams of dogs could be accomplished in 45 minutes using a single drone. “On a hilly farm where a lot of stuff is done by farmers on foot, the drones really save a lot of man hours,” he said. For now, farmers say, there is still a need for herding dogs, primarily because they have a longer lifespan than drones, can work in bad weather and do not require an electrical socket every few hours to recharge. 26. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 refer to? A. Farmers. B. Dogs. C. Sheep. D. Loudspeakers. 27. Which of the following statements is supported by the passage? A. Herding dogs will gradually lose their position on the farmland. B. The drones can help monitor weather conditions with the current technology. C. The drones are multifunctional and leave the animals undisturbed. D. The market for the DJI Mavic Enterprise is pretty small because of its high price. 28. Why can't the drones replace the dogs entirely? A. The drones can't bark as loudly as the dogs do. B. Cows are not used to seeing the drones. C. The drones are much more expensive. D. The drones' power is limited and they need charging. 29. What is the author's attitude towards the drones in the passage? A. Supportive. B. Objective. C. Critical. D. Doubtful. Passage 8 (2022•江苏苏州)People think of cats as cute. But research published in a psychology journal calls them neurotic (神经质的) and unstable. Researchers from the University of Edinburgh in Scotland and the Bronx Zoo in New York compared the personalities of domestic house cats with those of four different types of wildcats. To better understand their personalities, the researchers rated a number of animals behaviors on what psychologists call the Big Five human personality traits(特征). Domestic house cats have similar personality structures to African lions. “It’s what cats do pretty much on a daily basis, things like being anxious, being timid, being excitable, being aggressive toward humans, being aggressive toward each other, ”said Max Wachtel, a Denver psychologist who didn’t participate in the study. “All of those are characteristics you see in those cute little house cats, and you also see them in lions.” If you ever thought your cat was anxious, insecure, tense, suspicious or aggressive toward you, you aren’t making it up, he said. If they were bigger, they probably would consider killing you. But the news isn’t all bad: Just like lions, house cats are also playful, excitable and impulsively funny. They just aren’t very predictable. One moment cats will be enjoying bell scratches, and the next they will be biting you to make you stop. “It is good to understand the personality characteristics of our pets,” Wachtel said “Different cats have different personalities, but as a species, there are a lot of commonalities.” The researchers also studied personality traits of Scottish wildcats and some other animals “Across the five species we assessed, personality structure was strikingly similar and also seemed to be related to other studies’ findings, such as in tigers,” the researchers wrote in their study in the November 2014 issue of the Journal of Comparative Psychology. But house cats were most like lions, potentially because they live in semi-social surroundings and lions are the most social of cats. “They’re cute and furry, but we need to remember when we have cats as pets, we are inviting little predators into our house,” Wachtel said. “Cats can be fantastic, sweet companions—until they turn on you.” 30. Cats can be described as _____. A. funny and safe B. playful and stable C. fantastic and devoted D. neurotic and unpredictable 31. How did the researchers conduct the research? A. By making comparisons. B. By analyzing cause and effect. C. By giving examples. D. By providing explanations. 32. Which of the following “turn on” shares the same meaning as the underlined phrase? A. The book really turned me on to science. B. Upon entering the room, he turned on the light. C. The hungry suddenly turned on each other for food. D. The trial turned on the medical evidence presented by the defense. 33. Which of the following can be used as a suitable title? A. Cats are best pets. B. Domestic cats and wildcats. C. Your cat may want to kill you. D. Different cats, different personalities. Passage 9 (2022•江苏苏州)According to a new study， teens focus on rewards and have a hard time learning to avoid punishment or consider the consequences of alternative actions. University College London researchers compared how teens and adults learn to make choices based on the available information. They tracked the way in which 18 volunteers aged 12-17 and 20 volunteers aged 18-32 completed tasks in which they had to choose between abstract symbols. Each symbol was consistently associated with a fixed chance of a reward, punishment, or no outcome. As the trial progressed ， participants learned which symbols were likely to lead to each outcome and adjusted their choices accordingly. Teens and adults were equally good at learning to choose symbols associated with reward， but teens were less good at avoiding symbols associated with punishment. Adults also performed significantly better when they were told what would have happened if they had chosen the other symbol after each choice， while teens did not appear to take this information into account. “From this experimental lab study we can draw conclusions about learning during the teen years. We find that teens and adults learn in different ways， something that might be relevant to education," said lead author Dr. Stefano Palminteri. " Unlike adults, teens are not so good at learning to adjust their choices to avoid punishment. This suggests that incentive systems based on reward rather than punishment may be more effective for this age group. Additionally, we found that teens did not learn from being shown what would have happened if they made alternative choices." To interpret the results, the researchers developed computational models of learning and ran simulations (模拟)applying them to the results of the study. The first was a simple model, one that learned from rewards, and the second model added to this by also learning from the option that was not chosen. The third model was the most complete and took the full context into account, with equal weight given to punishment avoidance and reward seeking. For example, obtaining no outcome rather than losing a point is weighted equally to gaining a point rather than having no outcome. Comparing the experimental data to the models, the team found that teens" behavior followed the simple reward-based model while adults" behavior matched the complete, contextual model. “Our study suggests that teens are more receptive to rewards than they are to punishments of equal value, ” said senior author Dr. Sarah-Jayne Blakemore. “As a result, it may be useful for parents and teachers to frame things in more positive terms.” 34. It can be learned from the study that . A. adults made choices faster than teens B. adults understood rewards better than teens C. teens reacted better to reward than punishment D. teens were aware of the outcome of each choice 35. What do we know about the three computational models? A. They reflected people’s strong desire for punishment avoidance. B. They gave circumstances different degrees of consideration. C. They paid equal attention to reward and punishment. D. They shaped the behavior of people at different ages. 36. The underlined word “receptive" in the last paragraph probably means . A. accustomed B. opposed C. sympathetic D. responsive 37. According to the writer, which of the following statements works best for teens? A. “If you insist on doing things in this way， you will lose ten points. " B. “If we had talked about this earlier， you wouldn’t have made the mistake. " C. “ If you hand in your assignment ahead of time， you will get an extra bonus." D. “If you want to approach a problem differently ， you can talk to your parents. " 高频话题03 友谊 Passage 1 (2023•江苏)Friendship makes life colorful. A teenager who has some good friends is surely more popular than one with few. So people all want others to be their friends, but they don't give friendship back. That is why some friendships don't last very long. To have a friend, you must learn to be one. You must learn to treat your friend the way you want your friend to treat you. Learning to be a good friend means learning three rules: be honest; be generous; be understanding. Honesty is where a good friendship starts. Friends must be able to trust one another. If you don't tell the truth, people usually find out. If a friend finds out that you haven't been honest, you may lose your friend's trust. Good friends always count on one another to speak and act honestly. Generosity means sharing and makes a friendship grow. You should share your ideas and feelings with your friends. These can be very valuable to them. They tell your friends what is important to you. By sharing then you help your friend know you better. Sooner or later everyone needs understanding and help with problems. Something may go wrong at school. Talking about the problem can make it easier to solve. Turning to a friend can be the first step in solving the problem. So to be a friend you must listen and understand. You must try to put yourself in your friend's place so you can understand the problem better. No two friendships are ever exactly alike. But all true friendships have three things in common. If you plan to keep your friends, you must practice honesty, generosity and understanding. 1. According to the passage honesty is ________. A. something countable B. more important than anything else C. as important as money D. the base of friendship 2. Which of the following isn't mentioned in the passage? A. A friend who gives you his lunch money is a true friend. B. Sharing your mind with your friend is of great value. C. Discussing your problem with your friend often helps to solve the problem. D. Always tell your friend the truth. 3. The best title for this passage is “________”. A. Honesty Is the Best Policy B. A Friend in Need Is a Friend Indeed C. How to Be Friends D. Three Important Points in Life: Passage 2 The Friends of Charles Dickens Dickens was born in 1812. His father, a clerk in the navy pay office, was thrown into debtors' prison. The miserable treatment of children and the institution of the debtors' jail became  topics of several of Dickens, novels。. Wilkie Collins (1824-1889) Although twelve years younger than Dickens Wilkie Collins became one of Dickens best friends. Collins was a popular novelist who developed the mystery novel style. The Moonstone is one of his best. He and Dickens wrote The Frozen Deep . Wilkie was the son of the painter William Collins. He was born in London and lived in Italy and France as a child. John Elliotson (1791-1868) Elliotson was Dickens's family doctor for many years and thus they became good friends. Elliotson was an early advocate for the use of the stethoscope (听诊器). He also believed in the use of acupuncture(针灸). Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849) Poe was an American author best known for his poems and short fiction. The Fall of the House of Usher and The Murders in the Rue Morgue are two of his most popular works Dickens and Poe's friendship began in Philadelphia while Dickens was on his first tour of the United States. They talked about literature and seemed to enjoy one another's company However，two years later Poe broke off the relationship because he was angry about an article on American poetry. The article was written by Thackeray, but Poe believed that Dickens was behind the article. William Makepeace Thackeray (1811-1863) William Makepeace Thackeray was a novelist His best known work is Vanity Fair. He was also a friend of Charles Dickens. While Dickens and Thackeray were friends, the relation ship wasn't always smooth. They had several serious quarrels. One quarrel involved Dickens siding with Edmund Yates after Yates insulted Thackeray. 4. Who had taken care of Dickens' health for years? A. Collins. B. Poe. C. Elliotson. D. Thackeray. 5. What broke Dickens and Poe's friendship? A. A traffic accident. B. Their ideas on running companies. C. A poem written by Dickens. D. An article written by Thackeray. 6. What is Thackeray's most famous novel? A. Vanity Fair. B. The Moonstone. C. The Fall of the House of Usher. D. The Murders in the Rue Morgue. Passage 3 (2023•江苏)There are three different kinds of friends in our life. I classify(分类) them according to how well I know them and how well they know me. The first type of friend is just an acquaintance(熟人). This means that you only know their name. You might not even remember what they look like if you go away for a short vacation. You don’t miss them when they are elsewhere. It is also this type of friend who gives you the most amount of aggravation(恼怒). Since most of the time you are placed in a position where you have to act friendly, you would not normally tell an acquaintance when he or she is doing something that makes you feel angry, such as tapping the fingers on a table or shouting loudly. I call them “pest friends”. The second kind of friend is a “guest friend”. They are just social partners. You meet them at a certain location and at the end of the meeting you go your separate way and they go theirs. You don’t talk too often with this sort of friend, and you don’t share each other’s secrets. Lastly, we have “best friends”. This sort of friend is there when you need them. They know you as a person and they are there through thick and thin. Best friends are the ones that you can lean and depend on no matter what happens. If you need a listening ear, they will be the one to lend support. Friends come in all different shapes and sizes. Every friend has an impact on our life. . . 7. According to the writer, when a friend of the first type acts in an annoying way, you . A. can tell him/her about it directly B. should stay away from him/her C. should advise him/her to correct his/her behavior D. may find it hard to tell him/her not to do so 8. Which of the following statements is WRONG about the second type of friend? A. They are only social partners. B. You don’t talk very often with them. C. You don’t share your secrets with them. D. They are called “pest friends” by the writer. 9. If someone is with you through thick and thin, it means . A. he/she is your friend for sure B. he/she agrees with whatever you say C. you spend most of your time together D. he/she is with you even when there are difficulties 10. What will most probably be talked about in Paragraph 5? A. How to make friends. B. How friends influence our life. C. How to improve friendship. D. How to get along well with the third type of friend. 11. What is this passage mainly about? A. What a true friend is like. B. Three kinds of friends in our life. C. The role that friends play in our life. D. Why there are different kinds of friends. 高频话题04 宇宙探索 Passage 1 (2023•江苏扬州)Astronomers have discovered an unusual solar system near Earth. It’s made up of six planets orbiting a star. What makes this system special is that the six planets’ orbits appear to be matched. Scientists compare their movement to a perfectly timed symphony. “It’s precise and very orderly,” says Enric Pallé, an astronomer in the Canary Islands. The discovery was announced on November 29. It’s based on data from two orbiting satellites, NASA’s TESS and the European Space Agency’s Cheops. The newly discovered system is 100 light-years from Earth, or about 600 trillion(万亿) miles. That’s close, in space terms. Astronomers are calling the system a “golden target” for further study. It could offer an example of how systems across the Milky Way were formed. All solar systems are thought to have started out like this one. But they rarely keep their perfect timing. Giant planets can throw off the orbits of other planets. So can meteor(流星) impact. These things have happened in our solar system. Hugh Osborn, of the University of Bern, in Switzerland, says his team was “shocked and delighted” by the discovery. “My jaw was on the floor,” he says. “That was a really nice moment.” 1. What is special about the solar system recently discovered? A. It is made up of six orbiting planets. B. The planets’ orbits are perfectly matched. C. It is located 100 light-years away from Earth. D. The discovery was made using satellite data. 2. What is the significance of the newly discovered solar system? A. It is the closest solar system to Earth in the Milky Way. B. It is a clear target for future exploration tasks in space. C. It challenges the common thought about solar system. D. It offers an example of the formation of other systems. 3. Which can affect the perfect timing of a solar system’s orbits? A. The impact of meteors. B. The researches of astronomers. C. The formation of the Milky Way. D. The influence of orbiting satellites. 4. How did Hugh Osborn and his team react to the discovery? A. They were very doubtful and critical. B. They were quite surprised and excited. C. They were confused and disappointed. D. They were indifferent and uninterested. Passage 2 (2023•江苏)Stephen Hawking, one of the world’s most famous scientists, believed that to survive, humans will one day have to move into space. “Once we spread out into space and establish independent settlements, our future should be safe, ”he said. Today, several leading countries in space exploration are all planning to send astronauts-people who travel into space - back to Earth’s closest neighbor: the moon. Some of these countries want to create space stations there within the next 10 years. These stations will prepare humans to visit and later live on Mars or other Earthlike planets. Robert Zubrin, a rocket scientist, thinks humans should take control of space. He wants to start with Mars. Why? He thinks sending people to Mars will allow us to learn a lot of things-for example, the ability of humans to live in a very different environment. Eventually, we could create new human societies on other planets. In addition, any advances we make in the fields of science, technology, medicine, and health will benefit people here on Earth. Not everyone thinks sending humans into space is a smart idea. Many say it’s too expensive. Also, most space trips are not short. A one-way trip to Mars, for example, would take at least six months. People traveling this kind of distance could face many health problems In addition, these first people would find life extremely difficult in space. On the moon, for example, the sun’s rays are very dangerous. People would have to stay indoors most of the time Despite these concerns, sending people into space seems certain. In the future, we might see cities on the moon or even new human cultures on other planets. First stop: the moon 5. What is Stephen Hawking’s idea about future life in space? A. Humans will live a healthy life. B. Humans will live a better life on the moon. C. Humans will create hospitals on other planets. D. Space will be a safe place for humans to live in. 6. Why are some countries planning to build space stations on the moon? A. To learn more about the moon’s surface B. To improve cooperation among countries. C. To prepare humans to live on other planets D. To reduce the number of people living on Earth 7. What does Robert Zubrin think of sending people to Mars? A. It will take a long time B. It will cost a lot of money C. It will be extremely difficult. D. It will benefit people on Earth a lot 8. What’s the attitude of the author towards humans’ moving into space? A. Positive. B. Negative. C. Unclear. D. Worried. 9. What can be the best title for the text? A. A Trip to Mars. B. Living in Space. C. Astronauts on the Moon. D. The Exploration of Space. Passage 3 (2023•江苏)Scientists have not found any signs of life on Mars yet,but they say a robotic vehicle called “Curiosity” is helping them learn a lot about the planet’s history and climate. Curiosity landed on Mars in August 2012 after travelling through space for more than eight months.It was sent to Mars by scientists from NASA in the United States. Curiosity is about the size of a car and has six wheels.It also has a robotic arm,cameras,and instruments that allow it to examine things it finds on the surface.Then it sends the information back to the earth. Curiosity’s main task is to find out if anything could live on Mars,either now or in the past.On Nov.2,NASA scientists held a press conference (新闻发布会) to discuss what Curiosity had found in its first two months on Mars. Curiosity has found soil that is similar to the sand formed by volcanoes (火山) on the earth.Scientists say that studying the minerals in Martian soil will help them understand what conditions were like on the planet in the past.Curiosity also found smooth stones like the ones found on river beds and seashores on the earth,where their rough edges have been worn down by water.Mars is very cold and dry now,but scientists say the smooth stones tell them that a river used to run through the place where they were found. Curiosity has been testing the atmosphere around Mars for a type of gas called methane (甲烷),but so far it has not found any.On the earth,most methane is produced by plants or animals.Methane on Mars might indicate that some type of tiny plants or animals lived there. Curiosity is the fourth robotic vehicle to be sent to Mars.It will continue to explore the planet for about two years. 10. Which of the following descriptions about Curiosity is TRUE? A. It landed on Mars in January 2012. B. It is small in size and has four arms. C. It took over eight months to arrive in Mars. D. It was sent to Mars by scientists from Russia. 11. According to the information sent back by Curiosity,scientists believe that 　　　. A. there’s no air on Mars B. Mars is warm and wet now C. the soil on Mars is rich D. there used to be water on Mars 12. The underlined word “they” in Paragraph 5 refers to “　　　”. A. smooth stones B. rivers C. robotic vehicles D. volcanoes 13. We know from the sixth paragraph that 　　　. A. some tiny animals once lived on Mars B. there are no plants or animals on Mars now C. the atmosphere around Mars is full of methane D. Curiosity is designed to test the atmosphere around the earth 14. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Humans benefit a lot by going to Mars. B. Scientists will stop the research on Mars soon. C. It is possible to build an earth-like environment on Mars. D. A robotic vehicle helps scientists get useful information from Mars. 高频话题05 日常生活 Passage 1 (2023•江苏扬州)As in other countries, road safety is always a concern in America. Studies show that in 2022, 7,485 pedestrians(行人) were killed by vehicles in the U.S. That’s an increase of more than 65% since 2012. Even during COVID-19, when fewer people were driving, more pedestrians were hit and more died. Researchers found that drivers took advantage of empty streets and pay little attention to traffic rules. Another factor is the increasing popularity of SUVs, pickups (皮卡) and vans. These kinds of vehicles are up to three times more dangerous than smaller cars when hit pedestrians. The more fault drivers believe they could bear for the hitting, the more likely they are to leave without giving any help. Younger male drivers are more likely to run away. So are those who get drunken or lack a driving license. Other factors include the age of the victim, as children and elderly people are less likely to be left alone. Also, with more witnesses around, the drivers are less likely to hit and run. In the U.S. drivers run away from serious crashes with pedestrians about 20% of the time, and the rate is very different among different states. In 2020, 6,519 pedestrians were killed in the U.S. Speeding driving were a major cause. While Florida “wins” the least number of deaths caused by speeding. These following states were reported to have the most dangerous road accidents. Ten most dangerous states for pedestrians 1. What does the first paragraph tell us? A. Road security worries Americans. B. Pedestrian are on the rise over time. C. COVID-19 caused more road accidents. D. Vehicles have doubled since 2012. 2. Which kind of vehicles is the least dangerous in America? A. Cars. B. SUVs. C. Pickups. D. Vans. 3. What can we learn from the passage? A. Young drivers are more likely to be honest. B. Drunken driving is now allowed in America. C. Children and the old are well protected in the U.S. D. Drivers are more honest if witnessed by more people. 4. Which of the following states is the most suitable for tourists on foot? A. New Mexico. B. New York. C. Florida. D. South Carolina. Passage 2 (2022•江苏房山高级中学)Motion picture, also called film or movie, series of sill photographs on film, projected in rapid succession onto a screen by means of light. This new art form became one of the most popular and influential media of the 20th century and beyond. In early twentieth-century France, a new form of entertainment was becoming a hit—motion pictures. People crowded into theatres for short, silent, black-and-white films that showed everyday happenings, such as a train pulling into a station. These images were dimly projected onto white sheets. Usually, there was no sound. Occasionally, men at pianos played music to match the scenes. Later, with the introduction of colour and sound, the silent film soon disappeared. Colour and sound introduced a new world into the cinema and steadily grew more effective. It can be used to produce a powerful dramatic impression. Moving images at theatres are now no longer novel, but back at the beginning of the art form, surprises lurked around every corner. During the initial showings of basic silent movies, some people in the audience screamed in fear, reacting to what they saw as if it were happening in real life. Moviegoers were known to even leap out of their seats due to the trains on the screen. At that time, few people understood what motion pictures were, so audience members could easily be fooled. Today, people crowd into theatres for the latest 3D movies. Even older movies, such as the popular Star Wars series, are being re-released in 3D. Moviemakers are excited about the ability to involve the audience more directly in the story or film. In addition, theatres invest tens of thousands of dollars on high-quality audio systems so that everything from the safest whispers to the largest explosions sounds clear and realistic. Sound, dialogue, and music are used in combination not only with one another but also with the visual image. They can overlap and vary in intensity in a flexible and complex pattern with those high-quality audio systems. What will movies be like 100 years from now? Will audience be able to smell scents in the films, taste the food that characters are eating, or even become part of the stories themselves? Only time will tell. 5. What can we know about the motion pictures in early 20th century France? A. They were in color. B. They were the main form of entertainment. C. They greatly appealed to people then. D. They often had background music. 6. Why did the moviegoers leap out of their seats? A. Because the movies were too scary. B. Because they didn't see trains in real life. C. Because the old theaters were too crowded. D. Because audiences were unfamiliar with the movies. 7. Why do theatres spend a lot on high-quality audio systems? A. To re-release more old movies. B. To develop movie-making technologies. C. To improve movie-goers' experience. D. To make the explosions safe. 8. What's the author's purpose in writing the text? A. To explain how realistic movies are today. B. To tell something about future movie plans. C. To introduce the history of movie technology. D. To compare movie theatres over the last century. Passage 3 (2023•江苏) SPECIAL EVENTS THIS WEEKEND Captain Good Fellow Do your children enjoy interesting stories, funny games, and exciting dances? Captain Good Fellow will be ready to teach all these things to children of all ages at the City Theatre on Saturday morning at 10:00, Free. Walking Tour of the Town Forget your worries on Saturday morning. Take a beautiful walk and learn about local history. Meet at the front entrance of City Hall at 9:30. Wear comfortable shoes! Films at the Museum Two European films will be shown on Saturday afternoon at the Museum Theatre. See Broken Window at 1:30. The workers will be at 3:45. For further information, call 4987898. International Picnic Are you tired of eating the same food every day? Come to Central Park on Saturday and enjoy food from all over the world. Delicious and not expensive. Noon to 5:00 pm. Do You Want to Hear “The Zoo” “The Zoo”, a popular rock group from Australia, will give their first US concert tomorrow night at 8:00 at Rose Hall, City College. 9. You can probably eat Chinese, Italian, and Arab food_____________. A. at the front entrance of City Hall B. at the Ballgame C. at 5:00 pm D. at Central Park on Saturday 10. You can see movies at _____________. A. the City College B. the Museum Theatre C. the City Theatre D. the Central Park 11. If you are going on the Walking Tour, don’t forget_____________. A. your worries B. your beautiful walk C. your learning about local history D. your comfortable shoes 12. “The Zoo” is ______________. A. a park with lots of animals B. US concert C. a music group D. going to give the concert at 8:00 am Passage 4 (2023•江苏)Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) has been greatly contributing to the treatment of the COVID-19, which changed the altitude of the western world to it to some extent. However, in the past, foreigners knew little about it. According to a government report, although TCM has been introduced into 183 countries and regions around the world, their understanding of TCM may be limited to acupuncture(针灸), cupping and massage(按摩) .For instance, the purple, injury-like marks left on a U. S. famous swimmers back from cupping to relax his muscles and reduce pain became the center of attention during the Rio Olympics in 2016. In fact, Chinese herbs(药草) play a more important role in curing diseases and keeping the body in good condition in the TCM treatment system than physical treatment. Therefore, it is disappointing to know that although 103 world Health Organization member countries have given approval to the practice of acupuncture, not many recognize Chinese herbal medicine. TCM is much less popular than Western medicine partly due to the slow development of Chinese herbs. Herbs can be made into pills, powder and soup. The kind of herbs used, their quality, quantity and the processing together determine the effectiveness of the prescription (处方). Compared with Western medicine, which has standardized drug production processes and treatment methods, TCM lacks standardization. The chemical composition and functions of its medicine are still unclear and their effects are unstable. Fortunately, standardization has improved in recent decades and a number of factories are increasingly producing patented TCM drugs. Another reason why TCM prescription drugs have developed slowly is that it lacks creativity. While Western medicine-making companies come up with new products every year, TCM drug producers tend to make medicine according to prescriptions handed down from the past. That Chinese chemist Tu Yoyo won the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her research into malaria(痢疾) treatment may drive creativity to some extent in China's TCM industry. However, Rome was not built in a day. The current situation cannot be changed within a short time. 13. Why did the US swimmer attract the audience's attention in the 2016 Rio Olympics? A. The injury on his back. B. The golden cup he won in the games. C. His relaxed muscles and reduced pain. D. The purple, injury-like marks left on his back. 14. What should we do to make TCM be recognized by more countries? A. Set standards and improve creativity. B. Increase functions and decrease production. C. Increase functions and improve creativity. D. Set standards and create more prescriptions. 15. How does the writer feel about the future of TCM? A. Anxious. B. Negative. C. Disappointed. D. Positive. 16. Westerners DON'T think . A. acupuncture treatment is effective B. cupping can cure some diseases C. massage can relax body muscles D. herbs can keep the body in good condition Passage 5 (2023•江苏)Creativity is the process of taking an idea and applying it in real life, if we aren’t creative, we can't think outside the box and question what we can do. Asking questions is a good way of sparking creativity. First, we can ask learners questions that have more than one possible answer. In science: “How many ways can you find to empty a glass of water without touching it? ” In any subject:  “What else would you like to know? How do you know that is true? Is there another way of doing this?” Second, we can encourage learners to invent their own questions, We can do this for a topic that students are familiar with in their study. Firstly, discuss what makes a good question Secondly, create questions by grouping questions into different types--open, closed, or one that challenges the imagination. Finally, put those questions in order according to their importance. Our teachers encourage us to ask questions and not accept the standard answers without Reasoning(推理). Our school has some activities annually to inspire creativity in every student. Our teachers encourage us to be creative and think of solutions for real-world problems. On the whole, the freedom of being allowed to be ourselves is what brings out the best in our creativity. 17. What does the underlined word “sparking” mean in the second paragraph? A. questioning B. knowing C. causing D. learning 18. The third paragraph is developed by . A. telling facts B. showing evidence C. expressing an opinion D. giving some examples 19. How many ways does the author mention in inventing questions? A. Two B. Three C. Four D. Five 20. According to the last paragraph, the teachers encourage their students to . A. have some activities with their parents B. take more opportunities to think carefully C. think of solutions to problems in the real world D. accept standard answers provided by their teachers 21. What is the best title of the passage? A. Definition of Creativity B. Problems on Students’ Certainty C. The Meaning of Certainty to Students D. Ways of Developing Students’ Certainty 高频话题06 语言和文化节日 Passage 1 (2022•江苏南通)There are some 7,000 languages spoken worldwide, each unique, using different sounds, vocabularies and structures. Charles the Great said: “To have a second language is to have a second soul.” This begs the question: Does the language we speak shape who we are? As it turns out, yes. In societies such as the United States or Western Europe, self-expression and language precision are valued. Asian cultures, on the other hand, prefer an indirect form of communication. Words like “perhaps” and “maybe” are used more than “yes” or “no”. Americanism takes an informal approach to communication. Therefore, it’s OK to refer to a stranger or the boss as “you”. However, the Thai language has 12 forms of the same pronoun, choosing one depends on status. In this way, languages are essential in leading any culture, be that our own or otherwise. People who speak different languages notice different things, depending on the constructs of their mother tongue. Take an accident. In English, it’s OK to say: “She broke the glass.” But in a language like Spanish, you’d probably go with: “The glass broke.” The same incident produces two different responses. English speakers will remember who’s at fault, because their language asks them to, while Spanish speakers are more likely to remember it was an accident. This has real consequences, especially when it comes to crime and punishment. Professor Jim Cummins has written extensively on mother tongues. For Cummins, the stronger our home language, the easier it is for us to learn others. Of course, research also shows that being bilingual gives people many advantages in life. Linguist Julien Leyre writes that learning another language develops our ability to “understand the mental world of another person, based on the language they use, and how that world is different from our own.” Our mother tongue is central to how we think, what we know and who we are. Like us, languages are living things that change over time and must be cared for to survive. By doing so, we protect not just the linguistic structures or vocabularies we use, but the culture, knowledge and power behind them. 1. Why does the author mention “Americanism” and “the Thai language” in Paragraph 2? A. To tell the cultural differences between them. B. To indicate a language is a guide to a culture. C. To stress American expressions are informal. D. To reveal a language is associated with status. 2. How will English speakers’ react to an accident? A. They will seek blame. B. They will punish others. C. They will avoid responsibility. D. They will draw a lesson from it. 3. What does Julien Leyre think about bilinguals? A. They enjoy a more colorful life. B. They can remain mentally healthy. C. They find it easier to learn a language. D. They can gain insight into others’ minds. 4. Which one can be the best title for the text? A. How do languages differ? B. Will your language be extinct? C. Why does our mother tongue matter? D. Should we speak a second language? Passage 2 (2023•江苏)Festivals and celebrations of all kinds have been held everywhere since ancient times. Most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of cold weather, planting in spring and harvest in autumn .Today's festivals have many origins: some are seasonal, some for special people and some for special events. Dragon Boat Festival celebrations take place in China on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month. They are held in memory of Qu Yuan, a famous person who wrote poems in Ancient China. It was the first traditional Chinese festival added to UNESCO'S List of Intangible Cultural Heritage. Thanksgiving is celebrated mainly in North America, in October or November. Traditionally, it was a chance to give thanks for a good year, Now. i is also a time for families to get together for a big dinner. May Day s a festival to celebrate the start of summer, with celebrations held across Europe and in parts of North America. People prepare decorations with flowers and dance around poles. The Spring Festival that is also called Chinese New Year is one of the most important Festivals in China.It stars with a new moon and ends 15 day later on the full moon, marking the beginning of spring .During this festival,people eat dumpling, fish and meat and may give children lucky money in red paper. Nowadays, more and more countries around the world are holding celebrations for Chinese Spring Festival. Festivals let us enjoy life , be proud of our customs and forget our work for a little while. 5. How many festivals are introduced in the text? A. Two. B. Three C. Four D. Five. 6. Which of the following is held to honor a special person? A. May Day. B. Thanksgiving. C. The Spring Festival. D. Dragon Boat Festival 7. What do people traditionally eat in the Spring Festival? A. Pies and chicken. B. Dumplings and fish. C. Noodles and meat. D. Sandwiches and Turkey. 8. Where is Thanksgiving mainly celebrated according to the text? A. In China B. Across Europe. C. in North America D. In South Africa. 9. What is the text mainly about? A. The introduction of some festivals. B. The activities of some festivals. C. The customs of some festivals. D. The history of some festivals. Passage 3 (2023•江苏)That the Leaning Tower of Pisa no longer leans quite so much after a ￡20 million project to save it has proved to be a great success. The tower, which was on the edge of collapse, has been straightened by 18 inches, returning it to its 1838 position. “It has straightened a little bit more than we expected, but very little helps,” said Prof. John Burland, the only British member of the rescue committee. “The tower is still very slightly moving towards being upright.” The tower, which has been leaning almost since building work first began in 1173, was closed to the public in 1990 because of safety fears. The 183-foot tower was nearly 15 feet off vertical and its structure was found to have been weakened by centuries of strain(作用力). Prof. Burland said it could have collapsed “at any moment”. However, it took nine years of quarrelling before any work was done. The last attempt at straightening the tower was carried out. Concrete(混凝土) was poured into the foundations, but the result was that the tower sank further into the soil. The straightening work involved digging out around 70 tonnes of earth from the northern side of the tower, causing it to sink on that side. Before the digging started, the tower was fixed with steel ropes and 600 tonnes of lead weights. However, halfway through the project, concerns at the ugliness of the lead weights led to their removal and the tower leaned greatly. The weights were hurriedly reattached.One night, the tower moved more than it had averaged in an entire year. The tower’s stonework has also been restored. The Italian government stepped in after a tower collapsed in Pavia in 1989,killing four people. Experts suddenly realized that the tower at Pisa, which was similarly built and on the same sort of earth, could do the same. 10. What would be the best title for the passage? A. The Building of the Leaning Tower of Pisa B. Saving the Leaning Tower of Pisa C. The Collapse of the Leaning Tower of Pisa D. The History of the Leaning Tower of Pisa 11. According to the passage,the Leaning Tower of Pisa 　　　. A. closed for the straightening work in 1990 B. began to lean more than 800 years ago C. has a history of more than 1,000 years D. has become vertical 12. What drove the Italian government to save the Leaning Tower of Pisa? A. The development of new technology. B. The advice of Prof.John Burland. C. The expectation of the rescue committee. D. The collapse of a tower in Pavia. 13. What most probably played the most important part in straightening the tower? A. The lead weights fixed to the tower. B. Restoring the stonework. C. Pouring concrete into the foundations. D. Digging earth from the southern side of the tower. 14. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A. The position of the tower has been restored to what it was 182 years ago. B. Hundreds of years of strain has weakened the tower’s structure. C. The tower doesn’t lean any more after the straightening work finished. D. People spent nine years in discussing about the straightening work. Passage 4 (2023•江苏)Listening test is one of the most important parts of the English exam. Here are some tips for you. Before you start to listen, you need to relax. Don't be stressed out. And try to read the questions. These questions usually help you understand the conversation or the passage. Then listen carefully to the first sentence. It usually tells you the main idea of the passage. When you're listening, try to do some thinking and take some notes, such as: What happened? When, where, and how? What does the speaker want to tell us? In this way, you may understand the passage better. Please remember not to think about one or two words for a long time.When you hear some words you don't know, don't spend too much time on them. Very often, you'll find out what they mean later when you go on with the listening. 15. This passage mainly talks about some________. A. tips on listening B. tips on speaking C. tips on reading D. tips on writing 16. It's better for you to keep ________when you start to have a listening test. A. excited B. relaxed C. stressed out D. worried 17. We should listen to the first sentence carefully, because it usually tells us ________. A. the answers to the questions B. where to write the answers C. the main idea of the passage D. how much time left for the listening test 18. When you're listening, it's important for you to ________. A. remember every word B. take some notes C. understand all the words D. think about one or two words for a long time 19. The________ usually help(s) us understand the passage better. A. questions B. first sentence C. notes D. A, B and C 高频话题07 其他著名人物 Passage 1 (2022•江苏)A clever technologist took steamboat inventions and turned them into the first commercial steamboat service. Although Robert Fulton did not invent the steamboat, as is commonly believed, he played an important role in making steamboat travel a reality. He was born in Pennsylvania in 1765. As a young man, he set out to make his name as a portrait painter. His career took him to Europe and into the orbit of people with the power to support him politically and financially. Fulton entered London society after he painted Benjamin Franklin’s portrait. While abroad, Fulton left the arts for a career in shipbuilding. He was interested in the recently-invented steam engine, and thought it could be used to power ships. Fulton’s vision was not original; many others had entered the field, and the unfortunate inventor John Fitch had built a working steamship already. But like Henry Ford, Fulton’s talent lay not in the invention but in the product’s application in the marketplace. Fulton didn’t focus entirely on the steamboat. In 1804, he tested the first submarine successfully, which he had built for the British Royal Navy. His invention would make him a celebrity upon his return to the United States two years later. Fulton’s partner Robert Livingston obtained an exclusive license for steamboat services on New York’s Hudson River. It was time for Fulton to deliver. To build an efficient, reliable steamboat, Fulton used a special English steam engine. The ship’s bottom was flat and its stern was square. The steamboat Clermont made its debut(首次亮相)on August 17, 1807, steaming up the river from New York to Albany, and it soon entered commercial services. The hilly terrain of New York made water transport faster than land transport, and Fulton’s boat—formerly known as the “North River Steamboat”—was a hit. Within five years, Fulton would be running services on six major rivers plus the Chesapeake Bay, and bring in great profits. 1. What can be inferred from Paragraph 3? A. Henry Ford was as unfortunate as John Fitch. B. Henry Ford was talented in product application. C. Fulton left the arts as he couldn’t support himself. D. Fulton was the first to create a working steamship. 2. When did Fulton become a celebrity in the United States? A. In 1804. B. In 1806. C. In 1807. D. In 1802. 3. What is mentioned about Clermont? A. It operated for five years. B. It earned Fulton much money. C. It had an American steam engine. D. It was not accepted by people at first. 4. What’s the best title of the text? A. Robert Fulton and His Steamboat B. Robert Fulton: A Great Inventor C. Steamboats Changing Water Transport D. The History of Commercial Steamboats 高频话题08 工作与职业 Passage 1 (2024•江苏常熟中学)When asked what his father did for a living, my son explained to his kindergarten teacher that “he steals things, but it's O.K. because he gets paid to do it.” He wasn't wrong. I'm a hacker, and I run a team of hackers. We spend our days discovering ways to break into anything that can connect to the Internet, to access information never meant to be seen. If we get to it before a criminal does, then we've done our job. I'm proud of what I do for a living, just like doctors or lawyers are proud of the work they do. In Hollywood, hackers are often described as hooded(戴着兜帽的) figures in dark rooms involved in illegal activity while tapping keyboards. Actually, hackers are expert at programming and problem-solving with computers. Companies hire hackers to find their breaking point before criminals do. Hacking is an activity, and what separates any activity from a crime is permission. Drivers are free to drive, but they do not have permission to drive 150 miles per hour - that's illegal. Bankers can transfer their clients' money, but if they do so without permission, that's illegal. Hacking isn't an inherently(本质上)criminal activity. Someone who involves in the illegal use of hacking should not be called a “bad hacker” but a “threat actor”. Hackers are people like me and my team at IBM - security professionals. Hackers play a critical role in keeping companies and people safe. At IBM, one thing my team does is hack autonomous vehicles, planes and trains to make sure that every possible security weakness is found and corrected before each machine is shipped. Imagine what bad things could happen without us. 1. Why did the author mention his son's words in paragraph 1? A. To show off his son's intelligence. B. To describe the daily life in kindergarten. C. To raise readers' interest in his job. D. To raise a problem of parent-child relation. 2. What is the common misunderstanding of hackers? A. Hackers can both be males and females. B. Hackers can ensure a company's security. C. Hackers are usually considered as criminals. D. Hackers are extremely proud of what they do. 3. What do we know about hacking? A. Hacking is an inherently criminal activity. B. Permission plays an important role in hacking. C. Professional skills are not necessary for hacking. D. Hacking involves breaking into shops and houses. 4. What's the purpose of the passage? A. To introduce the job of hackers. B. To attract more hackers to IBM. C. To stress the importance of hackers. D. To compare hacking with other jobs. 高频话题09 学校生活 Passage 1 (2023•江苏)You may not know a lot of people when you start high school. Even if you know some freshmen(新生) , you still feel nervous that you don't know any upperclassmen or teachers. How are you going to make friends among this sea of unknown faces? Most high schools hold a freshman orientation before school actually starts, which is helpful not only because you can know your way around the building and get to meet some of your teachers, but also because you get to meet fellow freshmen. That way, when you show up on your first day of school, you may already recognise a few familiar faces. When you talk to your new classmates, you'll probably find that a lot of them are feeling just like you are. They're all new to the school and don't know what to expect. Talking about a common concern with them can help you develop friendships. The work in high school is something that freshmen are probably worried about. The work in high school builds on what you learnt in middle school, giving you a more advanced knowledge of many subjects. So you may find you have more work to do or that it's a bit more challenging. If you ever find your work too difficult, teachers can give you extra help. High school also has more extracurricular activities than middle school does such as clubs, music and theatre groups and sports teams. This is a good time to explore your interests and try new things. High school gives you the chance to learn how to manage your time, to develop your social skills and interests, and more importantly to be more independent and responsible. 1. What does the underlined word “orientation” mean in Paragraph 2? A. Training. B. Game. C. Discussion. D. Examination. 2. What are freshmen probably worried about? A. The learning task. B. The ability to make friends. C. The relationship with teachers. D. The freshman orientation. 3. Extra-curricular activities mainly help students ________. A. build up healthy bodies B. develop friendships C. develop the interests D. improve their learning ability 4. Who is this passage written for? A. Freshmen at high school. B. Freshmen's parents. C. Middle school students. D. Upperclassmen in high school. ( 30 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题04 阅读理解(说明文)(江苏专用) 高频话题01 环境保护 Passage 1 (2023•江苏)With the increasing number of Everest mountain climbers, more litter is left behind on this natural wonder. Fortunately, Nepalese(尼泊尔的) officials are working to deal with this environment disaster. Mount Everest has brought much-needed income to Nepal, but a lot of waste has gathered as a result. Climbers need a lot of equipment to successfully climb the mountain. A typical team of climbers can easily use up hundreds of oxygen containers and as many as 15 plastic tents and other equipment during the climb. In addition, there is the problem with human waste. This has been a growing problem and has put life in danger. The waste problem now spreads from the base camp to the river below, polluting the local water supply. In 2014, the Nepalese government tried to solve this pollution problem, requiring that climbers bring back 18 pounds of rubbish on their way down the mountain. But this solution did not work well. Mount Everest officials and the city of Kathmandu put forward a new proposal. First of all, dustbins have been placed along the mountain paths. In addition, heavy fines will be given to climbers who pollute the mountain. These climbers risk losing their $4,000 waste deposit (保证金) if caught throwing things. In this way, careless throwing will surely be reduced. Finally, the rubbish will be removed from the mountain. A local plane company has agreed to use its planes to carry the waste from the mountain to the capital city, where it will be treated. Now, with these new rules in place, the mountain should see a return to its former self. 1. What caused the Mount Everest environment disaster? A. The increasing number of villagers. B. Litter left behind by the climbers. C. Nepalese officials who work there. D. Rubbish produced by nature itself. 2. Which of the following pollute(s) the local water supply according to paragraph 2? A. Human waste. B. Plastic tents. C. Oxygen containers. D. Climbing equipment. 3. What were the climbers required to do in 2014? A. Limit the use of oxygen containers. B. Use wood and metal to put up tents. C. Avoid drinking water from the river below. D. Take 18 pounds of litter down the mountain. 4. How many new rules are put forward in the last paragraph? A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five. 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. D 4. B 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了随着珠穆朗玛峰登山者人数的增加，山上遗留的垃圾问题日益严重，尼泊尔官方正在采取措施应对这场环境灾难。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“With the increasing number of Everest mountain climbers, more litter is left behind on this natural wonder. Fortunately, Nepalese (尼泊尔的) officials are working to deal with this environment disaster. (随着珠穆朗玛峰登山者人数的增加，这座自然奇观上留下了更多的垃圾。幸运的是，尼泊尔官员正在努力应对这场环境灾难) ”可知，珠穆朗玛峰环境灾难的原因是登山者留下的垃圾。故选B项。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In addition, there is the problem with human waste. This has been a growing problem and has put life in danger. The waste problem now spreads from the base camp to the river below, polluting the local water supply. (此外，还有人类排泄物的问题。这是一个日益严重的问题，已经危及生命。排泄物问题现在从大本营蔓延到下面的河流，污染了当地的供水) ”可知，污染当地水源的是人类排泄物。故选A项。 3. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In 2014, the Nepalese government tried to solve this pollution problem, requiring that climbers bring back 18 pounds of rubbish on their way down the mountain. (2014年，尼泊尔政府试图解决这一污染问题，要求登山者在下山时带回18磅的垃圾)” 可知，2014年要求登山者下山时带走18磅的垃圾。故选D项。 4. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“First of all, dustbins have been placed along the mountain paths. In addition, heavy fines will be given to climbers who pollute the mountain.(首先，沿着山路放置了垃圾桶。此外，对于污染山区的登山者将处以重罚)” 和 “Finally, the rubbish will be removed from the mountain. (最后，垃圾将被从山上移走)” 可知，最后一段提出了三条新规定：放置垃圾桶、对污染者处以重罚和移除山上的垃圾。故选B项。 Passage 2 (2023•江苏南通)While they can’t pick out precise numbers, animals can comprehend that more is, well, more. From birds to bees and wolves to frogs, animals use numbers to hunt, find a mate, return to their home, and more. Researchers believe that this ability, known as numerical competence, plays an important role in how animals make these decisions. Andreas Nieder, a biologist at the University of Tübingen, explores the current literature on how different animals comprehend numbers. Honeybees, for instance, can remember the number of landmarks they pass when searching for food in order to find their way back home. This ability can also be seen in animals choosing a larger amount of food over a smaller amount or in animals forming hunting groups. Wolves are more likely to hunt successfully if they have the right number of wolves in their pack for their prey (猎物) with prey like elk (驼鹿), only around six to eight wolves are needed, while hunting wild pigs requires a pack of nine to thirteen. Their prey also uses this concept to protect themselves—elk tend to live in small groups, which rarely have encounters with wolves, or gather in large groups to reduce the chance of any individual becoming prey. “They are assessing the number of individuals in their groups for their everyday life situations,” Nieder says. Furthermore, numerical competence also plays a role in attracting a mate. For example, male frogs sing “advertisement” calls to attract females. The females, listening to their complicated calls, choose the males that sing the most “chucks” in their calls. Now researchers do have some sense of the rules that govern numerical competence in animals. For example, they count approximately (大概) rather than specifically and two numbers need to be more different for them to tell them apart as those numbers get bigger. However, Nieder argues that more research needs to be done. “I hope I can encourage behavioral ecologists to specifically explore numerical competence in the wild, and, in doing so, also open new research fields,” he says. 5. What do the examples of wolves and elk suggest about numerical competence? A. It gives animals a reproduction benefit. B. It affects animals’ chances of survival. C. It is decided by animals’ hunting ability. D. It develops well in social animals. 6. How does the author mainly develop this text? A. By listing figures. B. By asking questions. C. By giving examples. D. By making comparisons. 7. What do Nieder’s words in the last paragraph focus on concerning animals’ numerical competence? A. Its fundamental rules. B. Its appeal to behavioral ecologists. C. Researchers in new study fields. D. Expectations for further studies. 8. What can be the best title for the text? A. Animals’ understanding of numbers gives them an advantage B. Numerical competence research achieves a breakthrough C. Animals develop numerical competence? Never D. Can many animals count? Better than you 【答案】5. B 6. C 7. D 8. A 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了动物具有数字能力，文章列举了一系列动物来说明数字能力影响动物的生存机会以及在吸引配偶方面也起着作用。 5. 推理判断题。根据第二段“Wolves are more likely to hunt successfully if they have the right number of wolves in their pack for their prey (猎物) with prey like elk (驼鹿), only around six to eight wolves are needed, while hunting wild pigs requires a pack of nine to thirteen. Their prey also uses this concept to protect themselves—elk tend to live in small groups, which rarely have encounters with wolves, or gather in large groups to reduce the chance of any individual becoming prey.(如果狼群中有足够数量的狼来猎取猎物，比如驼鹿，狼只需要6到8只狼，而猎杀野猪则需要9到13只狼。它们的猎物也利用这个概念来保护自己——驼鹿往往生活在小群体中，很少遇到狼，或者聚集在大群体中，以减少任何个体成为猎物的机会)”可推知，狼和驼鹿的例子说明数字能力影响动物的生存机会。故选B。 6. 推理判断题。根据第一段“From birds to bees and wolves to frogs, animals use numbers to hunt, find a mate, return to their home, and more.(从鸟类到蜜蜂，从狼到青蛙，动物都用数字来捕猎、寻找配偶、返回家园等等)”；第二段“Wolves are more likely to hunt successfully if they have the right number of wolves in their pack for their prey (猎物) with prey like elk (驼鹿), only around six to eight wolves are needed, while hunting wild pigs requires a pack of nine to thirteen. Their prey also uses this concept to protect themselves—elk tend to live in small groups, which rarely have encounters with wolves, or gather in large groups to reduce the chance of any individual becoming prey.(如果狼群中有足够数量的狼来猎取猎物，比如驼鹿，狼只需要6到8只狼，而猎杀野猪则需要9到13只狼。它们的猎物也利用这个概念来保护自己——驼鹿往往生活在小群体中，很少遇到狼，或者聚集在大群体中，以减少任何个体成为猎物的机会)”以及倒数第二段“For example, male frogs sing “advertisement” calls to attract females. The females, listening to their complicated calls, choose the males that sing the most “chucks” in their calls.(例如，雄性青蛙用“广告”叫声来吸引雌性。听着它们复杂的叫声，雌性会选择在它们的叫声中发出最多“咯咯声”的雄性)”可推知，作者主要是通过举例展开这篇文章。故选C。 7. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“I hope I can encourage behavioral ecologists to specifically explore numerical competence in the wild, and, in doing so, also open new research fields(我希望我能鼓励行为生态学家专门探索野外的数字能力，并在此过程中开辟新的研究领域)”可推知，关于动物的数字能力，尼德在最后一段的话语关注的是对进一步研究的期望。故选D。 8. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Researchers believe that this ability, known as numerical competence, plays an important role in how animals make these decisions. Andreas Nieder, a biologist at the University of Tübingen, explores the current literature on how different animals comprehend numbers.(研究人员认为，这种被称为数字能力的能力在动物如何做出这些决定中起着重要作用。Andreas Nieder是Tübingen大学的生物学家，他研究了目前关于不同动物如何理解数字的文献)”结合文章主要说明了动物具有数字能力，文章列举了一系列动物来说明数字能力影响动物的生存机会以及在吸引配偶方面也起着作用。故A选项“动物对数字的理解使它们具有优势”最符合文章标题。故选A。 Passage 3 (2023•江苏)Earthquakes are common natural disaster. No matter where you are, knowing how to protect yourself and your family during an earthquake is necessary. Some expert propose that when you feel the ground is shaking, drop down, take cover under a desk and hold on. Most earthquake injuries are the result of being hit by something falling on you. You should stay indoors until the shaking stops. If you are outdoors, don’t stay near building, trees or power lines. Many people think that in case of an earthquake, they should “get under something” like a doorway or desk, in order to avoid being hurt by falling objects. Rescue experts now say this is the wrong thing to do. For example, in the 1985 Mexico City earthquakes, they found hundreds of children in schools, crushed by their desks. However, they could have survived by lying in the aisle(通道，走道) next to their desks. So find a nice piece of furniture, a chair, a sofa, and lie down, or curl up next to it. A falling roof may compact the furniture, but will still leave a space for you to survive next to it. This also holds true if you are in a hotel room, especially at night. Get of the bed, and lie down next to it. In San Francisco’s 1989 earthquake, the upper freeway fell on the lower one. People who drove along were crushed in their cars. But they had time to get out and lie down next to their cars. Yes, their cars were cashed bur there was space from top to bottom next to the vehicles for people to survive and await a rescue. Doorways and stairways are very unsafe Slay away from those. What can we do to keep ourselves safe? Saying calm is the first and most important rule when facing accidents. 9. What should you do first when accidents happen according to this passage? A. Get under buildings B. Stay near trees. C. Keep calm D. Drop down 10. What can we learn from the text? A. “Get under something” can avoid being hurt B. Right earthquake survival tips can save life. C. Earthquakes cause great damage. D. Don’t drive on the upper freeway during an earthquake 11. Which of the following is the closest meaning of the underlined word “crushed” in Paragraph 3? A. hidden B. protected C. killed D. supported 12. How can we probably get a narrow escape from an earthquake? A. Lie down next to a strong piece of furniture or a car B. Lie down under a table or desk C. Run out of the house and stay under a big tree. D. Shout out loudly and ask for help 【答案】9. C 10. B 11. C 12. A 【知识点】自然灾害与防范、说明文 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是如何在地震中保护自己和家人。 9. 细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Saying calm is the first and most important rule when facing accidents”(当面对事故时，镇定是首要也是最重要的规则)可知，根据这篇文章，当事故发生时，你应该首先保持冷静，故选C。 10. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“People who drove along were crushed in their cars. But they had time to get out and lie down next to their cars. Yes, their cars were cashed bur there was space from top to bottom next to the vehicles for people to survive and await a rescue”(开车的人都被车压扁了。但他们还是有时间下车，躺在自己的车旁。是的，他们的车被撞坏了，但在车的旁边有从上到下的空间供人们生存和等待救援)可知，正确的地震求生技巧可以拯救生命，故选B。 11. 词句猜测题。根据第三段的“However, they could have survived by lying in the aisle (通道，走道) next to their desks”(然而，如果他们躺在桌子旁边的过道里，就有可能活下来)可知，那些躲在课桌下的孩子被压死 了，因此crushed意为“killed”，故选C。 12. 推理判断题。根据第四段的“So find a nice piece of furniture, a chair, a sofa, and lie down, or curl up next to it. A falling roof may compact the furniture, but will still leave a space for you to survive next to it”(所以找一件漂亮的家具，一把椅子，一个沙发，躺下来，或者蜷缩在它旁边。倒塌的屋顶可能会压紧家具，但仍会为你在它旁边留下生存的空间)和倒数第二段的“Yes, their cars were crashed but there was space from top to bottom next to the vehicles for people to survive and await a rescue”(是的，他们的车被撞坏了，但在车的旁边有从上到下的空间供人们生存和等待救援)可知，在一件结实的家具或一辆汽车旁边躺下可以使我们从地震中死里逃生，故选A。 Passage 4 (2022•江苏苏州)Surrounded by the sea off the coast in Mid-Norway, lies an island called Myken. This small island has about ten permanent residents, and for more than 50 years has been supplied with electricity via a 32-kilometer undersea cable(电缆). A break that appeared in the cable last autumn resulted in two months without power, so the island community started looking into a better way of sourcing their electricity. “Myken is far out at sea, so as far as possible it should be taking care of things itself,” says Kyrre Sundseth, who is a hydrogen(氢) researcher in Norway and also the project manager for Myken’s energy project. “This is why we want Myken to become entirely self-sufficient in energy. It is also important to take the environment into consideration,” he says. Much points to the idea that the solution may lie in a Hydrogen plant, specifically tailored for small islands. The “raw materials” for hydrogen production come from nature itself in the form of the sun and wind. Researchers have calculated that energy costs will be lower by using hydrogen production than the undersea cable option. And it is possible to store energy in the form of hydrogen for longer periods. This means that supplies will not have to rely on a lot of expensive batteries or external energy sources, even during periods when the sun isn’t shining, or the wind isn’t blowing. The Myken project has attracted several technology companies. They are currently working on a pilot project. The pilot involves experiments on the feasibility (可行性) of the hydrogen system in which electricity is generated from solar and wind sources. The electricity can be used immediately, but during periods when all the energy generated is not required, the spare energy can be used to split seawater into hydrogen and oxygen. The hydrogen can be stored in a tank, and used later to generate electricity. The pilot will help researchers know more about how effectively the system will work in the hydrogen plant. Since the island has a distillery (酿酒厂), where the distillation(蒸馏) process relies on energy, a hydrogen plant on Myken offers an even greater environmental benefit. Spare heat from the hydrogen system can also be used for the heating part in the distillation process. “In Norway alone there are about 300 island inhabited all year round by small populations,” says Kyrre Sundseth. “All of these islands may be candidates for using this technology. In global terms we’re talking about 10,000 similar islands.” 13. Why is a hydrogen plant suitable for Myken? A. It is perfect in size for small islands. B. It can send electricity to faraway places. C. It will restore local natural environment. D. It provides green and sustainable energy. 14. What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 4? A. The study on the energy storage. B. The test on the hydrogen system. C. The experiment on the raw materials. D. The research on the innovation of the pilot. 15. According to the passage, a hydrogen plant will ______. A. produce purified seawater B. prove more technically reliable C. contribute in more than one way D. benefit from the distillation process 16. What does Kyrre Sundseth think of the project? A. Promising. B. Systematic. C. Irreplaceable. D. Time saving. 【答案】13. D 14. B 15. C 16. A 【知识点】环境保护、说明文、逻辑推理、观点态度、目的意图、段落大意 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文，主要讲了Myken利用自身地理条件，建立了氢气发电站，实现了自给自足的环保发电。 13. 推理判断题。由第三段的第二句话可知，氢气产生的“原材料”来自于大自然的太阳和风，结合第二段的第一句话，Myken在大海深处，须得自己照顾好自己。可见Myken地理位置的特殊性，接电缆发电耗资大，而且没有完全的保障，氢气发电站环保又耗资小，故选D项。 14. 主旨大意题。结合第四段的一、二两句可知，Myken的方案吸引了好几家科技公司，他们目前在进行试行计划。也就是说，方案现在处于实验性阶段。故选B项。 15. 推理判断题。由第四段“”可知，在实验性阶段，研究者对氢气发电站的可行性进行了实验，发现氢气发电站除了发电可以有其他用处，由此可见，氢气发电站在许多方面都做出了贡献。故选C项。 16. 推理判断题。由最后一段可知，Kyrre Sundseth说，单单挪威就有大约300个岛长年只有少部分居住，这些岛也许适合使用这一技术的。从全球来看，大约有10000左右类似的岛。他的字里行间都表达了这一技术(建立氢气发电站)有很大的市场，即他认为这一方案有前途，有前景。故选A项。 高频话题02 科普知识 Passage 1 (2024•江苏南通)Deepfake: synthetic(合成的) media, including images, videos, and audio, is generated by Al technology to show something that does not exist or events that have never occurred. Examples of deepfakes have been widely spread, including a video of Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg giving a speech about his company’s plan, and a video of Elon Musk dancing and talking about the power of dreams, etc. It’s easy for AI to produce such deepfakes using two different deep-learning algorithms(算法): one that creates the best possible clone based on a real image or video and another that detects whether the copy is fake(伪造的) and, if it is, reports on the differences between it and the original. The first algorithm produces a synthetic image and receives feedback on it from the second algorithm and then adjusts it to make it appear more real; the loop is repeated as many times as it takes until the second algorithm does not detect any false imagery. Deepfakers often have evil motives, including creating misinformation and generating confusion. They tend to demean, terrify, and annoy, and have targeted not only celebrities but ordinary citizens as well. Most of the academic research surrounding deepfakes focuses on the detection of huge amount of deepfake videos emerging online. One detection approach is to use algorithms to identify inconsistencies in deepfake videos. For example, an automatic system can examine videos for errors such as irregular blinking patterns of lighting. However, these approaches have been criticized because deepfake detection is characterized by a “moving goal post” where the production of deepfakes is changing and improving while detection tools are always on the way of catching them up. However, education and medicine are two of the fields that may benefit from deepfake technology. In the classroom, historical speeches could be deepfaked to offer immersive and engaging lessons. In health care, it can improve the accuracy with which tumors(肿瘤) are spotted, making them easier to treat. Its use also permits using synthesized data instead of that from real patients to avoid privacy concerns. 1. How does AI create a deepfake video according to the passage? A. By copying and combining the fake images. B. By constantly teaching itself to perfect the output. C. By acquiring feedback from multiple sources. D. By repeatedly generating realistic images from scratch. 2. What is the challenge of detecting deepfake videos? A. Ever-evolving deepfake techniques. B. Insufficient academic basis on detection solutions. C. A massive number of false videos online. D. Limited availability of detection tools. 3. What is the author’s attitude toward deepfake? A. Supportive. B. Critical. C. Objective. D. Unconcerned. 4. What is probably the best title for the passage? A. Potential threats: AI’s new playground B. Deepfake: Human’s another helping hand C. Artificial Intelligence: A piece of fake D. Detecting deepfake: An ongoing battle 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 4. C 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。作者客观地对deepfake进行了客观事实阐述：AI是能轻易地制造出假视频的。 1. 细节理解题。根据第三段“It’s easy for AI to produce such deepfakes using two different deep-learning algorithms (算法): one that creates the best possible clone based on a real image or video and another that detects whether the copy is fake (伪造的) and, if it is, reports on the differences between it and the original. (人工智能很容易使用两种不同的深度学习算法来产生这种深度伪造：一种算法根据真实图像或视频创建尽可能最好的克隆，另一种算法检测副本是否为假，如果是假的，则报告它与原件之间的差异。)”可知，人工智通过不断地自我训练来完善输出创建深度假视频。故选B。 2. 细节理解题。根据第五段“However, these approaches have been criticized because deepfake detection is characterized by a “moving goal post” where the production of deepfakes is changing and improving while detection tools are always on the way of catching them up. (然而，这些方法受到了批评，因为深度伪造检测的特点是“移动的门柱”，深度伪造的生产在不断变化和改进，而检测工具总是在追赶它们。)”可知，检测深度假视频的挑战是不断发展的深度造假技术。故选A。 3. 推理判断题。作者在文章中阐述了deepfake技术的概念、应用案例、原理，动机，也提到了其在不同应用领域的好处和坏处，可推知作者对它的态度是客观的。故选C。 4. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Deepfake: synthetic (合成的) media, including images, videos, and audio, is generated by Al technology to show something that does not exist or events that have never occurred. (Deepfake；人工智能技术生成的合成媒体，包括图像、视频和音频，用来展示不存在的东西或从未发生过的事件。)”结合作者客观地对deepfake进行了客观事实阐述：AI是能轻易地制造出假视频的。故C选项“人工智能：一块假货”最符合文义。故选C。 Passage 2 (2024•江苏苏州)Cities are difficult to navigate(导航) at the best of times, but for people with disabilities they can be like courses with hurdles and bring inconvenience to disabled people. A UK national travel survey found that adults with mobility difficulties took 39% fewer trips than those with no disability in 2017. Yet that could change as devices and cities grow smarter. Assistive tech is playing a big role in the transformation. The global value of the industry is expected to increase from $14 billion in 2015 to $30.8 billion in 2024, according to Zion Market Research. One of the things that could transform lives is a smart walking stick designed by engineers from Young Guru Academy (YGA) in Turkey. The WeWalk stick has a sensor that detects hurdles above chest level and uses vibrations (振动) to warn the user. It can be paired with a smartphone to help navigation, and is connected with a voice assistant and Google Maps. Ceylan, who has been blind since birth, says that connecting the stick to the Internet of Things and smart city solutions makes it user-friendly. “As a blind person, when I am at the Metro station I don’t know which is my exit ... I don’t know which bus is approaching ... which stores are around me. That kind of information can be provided with the WeWalk,” he says. “The smart walking stick is really an exciting initiative that will make a huge difference to some people,” says Anna Lawson, the director of the Center for Disability Studies at Leeds University in the United Kingdom. “But they are very expensive ... they’re not going to be available to the vast majority of disabled people,” she added. Bryan Matthews, a lecturer at the Institute for Transport Studies at the University of Leeds, shares the concerns about cost. He says there should also be a focus on inclusive design, and anything that helps people navigate their environment is positive. 5. What does “that” in the second paragraph refer to? A. The survey that compared adults’ mobility. B. The smart industry that is booming. C. The fact that the disabled traveled less. D. The role that the assistive tech plays. 6. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A. The working principles of the WeWalk stick. B. The introduction of the WeWalk stick inventors. C. The transformation caused by the WeWalk stick. D. The benefits brought about by the WeWalk stick. 7. What’s the purpose of quoting Ceylan? A. To show the value of smart tech. B. To urge more attention to the blind. C. To increase the potential market share. D. To encourage tech research and development. 8. What is the disadvantage of the WeWalk stick? A. Confusing instructions. B. Poor navigation. C. Inclusive designs. D. High prices. 【答案】5. C 6. A 7. A 8. D 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述残疾人比正常人旅游次数少这一现象，并指出如果设备和城市变得更加智能，这一现象将改变。并展示了智能手杖这一设备。 5. 词句猜测题。根据第二段第一句“A UK national travel survey found that adults with mobility difficulties took 39% fewer trips than those with no disability in 2017. Yet that could change as devices and cities grow smarter. (英国一项全国旅行调查发现，2017年，行动不便的成年人比没有残疾的成年人旅游次数少了39%。然而，随着设备和城市变得更加智能，这种情况可能会改变。)”可知，划线词为指示代词that，通常指代前文的人或物，可推测在本句子指代前文提到的这一事实：行动不便的成年人更少去旅游这一社会现象。故选C项。 6. 主旨大意题。根据第三段二三句“The WeWalk stick has a sensor that detects hurdles above chest level and uses vibrations (振动) to warn the user. It can be paired with a smartphone to help navigation, and is connected with a voice assistant and Google Maps. (WeWalk手杖有一个传感器，可以检测胸部以上的障碍物，并使用振动来警告用户。它可以与智能手机配对以帮助导航，并与语音助手和谷歌地图连接。)”可知，本段主要介绍了这种手杖的工作原理。故选A项。 7. 推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“Ceylan, who has been blind since birth, says that connecting the stick to the Internet of Things and smart city solutions makes it user-friendly. (Ceylan自出生以来就一直失明，他表示，将手杖连接到物联网和智能城市解决方案，使其易于使用。)”可知，Ceylan认为对他这样的盲人而言，这种手杖起到了作用，本段引用他说的话““As a blind person, when I am at the Metro station I don’t know which is my exit ... I don’t know which bus is approaching ... which stores are around me. That kind of information can be provided with the WeWalk,” he says.(“作为一个盲人，当我在地铁站时，我不知道哪个是我的出口……我不知道哪辆公共汽车来了。我周围有哪些商店?这类信息可以通过WeWalk提供。”)”也是进一步解释他在段首提出的智能手杖有价值这一观点。故选A项。 8. 细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句““But they are very expensive ... they’re not going to be available to the vast majority of disabled people,” she added. (她补充道：“但它们非常昂贵…绝大多数残疾人都负担不起。”)”可知，这位专家的话语表明这种手杖的劣势是价格太贵。故选D项。 Passage 3 (2023•江苏)You drove ten hours to your aunt’s house, and you’re ready to get some sleep in the guest room. But though you’re so tired, sleep just doesn’t come. You turn from side to side in bed all night. And finally, when you do fall asleep, you wake up just an hour later. It’s so easy to fall asleep in your own bed. So why can’t you sleep well here? Martha Hotz Vitaterna, a brain scientist, knows all about this problem. “In some sleep research circles, this is called the “first night effect”, she says. “People do not sleep well the first night. There is less slow brainwave activity, meaning not as much time in deep sleep. In animal studies, we see this phenomenon (现象) as well.” The fact that this happens in other animals, too, makes scientists think that bad sleep in new places is the result of a very old process inside your brain. It may date back to the time long before humans evolved (进化). When you’re in your own bed, your brain knows it’s home and you will be safe. It can relax and fall into a deep, healthy sleep. But when you sleep in an unfamiliar place, your brain stays slightly attentive to make sure no dangers are nearby. Even familiar sounds still make you worried. What’s that? Is it dangerous? It wakes up the brain to keep you ready to escape if you need to. But there’s good news: for most people, after just one or two nights in a new place, our anxious brains start to feel safe again. And finally we can have a full night of sleep. 9. What is the “first night effect”? A. Poor sleep on the first night. B. Less rapid brainwave activity. C. Long deep sleep all night. D. Good habit of sleeping. 10. From paragraph 3 we know that bad sleep in new places ________. A. brings danger to health B. exists only in humans C. has bad effects on the brain D. has a very long history 11. Why is it harder to sleep in new places? A. There are real dangers nearby. B. New beds feel uncomfortable. C. People feel unsafe and worried. D. The brain stops working normally. 12. What’s good news for most people? A. Brains no longer feel safe. B. They will have a quick mind. C. They can finally sleep well. D. Unfamiliar sounds disappear. 【答案】9. A 10. D 11. C 12. C 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文，讲述了人在新的环境中无法安然入眠的“第一晚效应。 9. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Martha Hotz Vitaterna, a brain scientist, knows all about this problem. “In some sleep research circles, this is called the “first night effect”, she says.People do not sleep well the first night(脑科学家Martha Hotz Vitaterna对这个问题了如指掌。她说，在一些睡眠研究圈子里，这被称为“第一晚效应”。人们在第一个晚上睡不好。)”可知此处的第一晚效应指的是一个人到了一个陌生地方以后睡眠不好的问题。故选A项。 10. 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“The fact that this happens in other animals, too, makes scientists think that bad sleep in new places is the result of a very old process inside your brain. It may date back to the time long before humans evolved (进化).(这种情况也发生在其他动物身上，这让科学家们认为，新地方的睡眠不好是大脑中一个非常古老的过程的结果。它可以追溯到人类进化之前很久。)”可知新地方的睡眠不好是大脑中一个非常古老的过程的结果，它可以追溯到人类进化之前很久，因此有着悠久的历史。故选D项。 11. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“But when you sleep in an unfamiliar place, your brain stays slightly attentive to make sure no dangers are nearby. Even familiar sounds still make you worried. What’s that? Is it dangerous? It wakes up the brain to keep you ready to escape if you need to.(但是当你在一个不熟悉的地方睡觉时，你的大脑会保持轻微的注意力，以确保附近没有危险。即使是熟悉的声音也会让你担心。那是什么？危险吗？它会唤醒大脑，让你在需要的时候做好逃跑的准备。)”可知人们到了一个新地方以后会感到不安全和担心，所以会睡眠不好。故选C项。 12. 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“But there’s good news: for most people, after just one or two nights in a new place, our anxious brains start to feel safe again. And finally we can have a full night of sleep.(但好消息是：对大多数人来说，在一个新地方呆上一两个晚上后，我们焦虑的大脑就会再次感到安全。最后我们可以有一个完整的睡眠。)”可知对于大多数人来说好消息是几天之后他们最终会有一个很好的睡眠。故选C项。 Passage 4 (2023•江苏)What would life be like without commas (逗号)? It would be quite confusing. Take this simple sentence as an example: Let’s eat Dad! Without a comma, Dad becomes the food. Add comma, and Dad becomes a partner at dinner: Let’s eat, Dad! The comma enables people to have a better understanding of the sentence. Here’s another example: Tom said Sarah stole the cake. Here, Sarah is the thief. But add a pair of commas, and Tom becomes the thief: Tom, said Sarah, stole the cake. The examples above clearly show that people cannot do without commas in writing. Yet, the comma came from oral speeches. Long ago, most people could not read. They listened to the news or stories told by the people who gave speeches. The comma began as something to mark the resting place in a sentence. When reading, the speakers knew where to stop and take a breath. In writing, commas are like shining red lights on the road. They require that you wait a moment before continuing. And don’t add a comma when you feel like it. There are rules that people shall not break. Learn them, and you won’t be eating anyone or making wrong changes. 13. Without commas, life would be________. A. frightening B. puzzling C. relaxing D. interesting 14. The author uses two examples in the passage to________. A. tell jokes to readers B. show the importance of using commas C. tell stories to readers D. show the difficulty of using commas 15. Commas were first used to________. A. indicate a long sentence B. rewrite an unclear sentence C. continue a sentence D. mark a break in a sentence 16. According to the last paragraph, we use commas by following________. A. our feelings B. our speeches C. certain rules D. some facts 17. What is the best title for the passage? A. Commas Make Sentences Clear. B. Commas Make English Interesting. C. Commas Make Writing Easy. D. Commas Make Speeches Surprising. 【答案】13. B 14. B 15. D 16. C 17. A 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了逗号在生活中是很重要的，如果没有逗号，将会造成理解上的错误，同时我们也应该要遵守使用逗号的一些规则，这样才会让我们所表达的东西更加清楚。 13. 细节理解题。根据第一段“What would life be like without commas (逗号)? It would be quite confusing. Take this simple sentence as an example: Let’s eat Dad! Without a comma, Dad becomes the food. (没有逗号的生活会是什么样子？这会相当令人困惑。以这个简单的句子为例：让我们吃爸爸！没有逗号，爸爸就变成了食物。)”可知，如果在生活中，我们讲话不使用逗号，那会造成误解，因此没有逗号的生活是令人困惑的。故选B项。 14. 推理判断题。根据第一段的“Take this simple sentence as an example: Let’s eat Dad! Without a comma, Dad becomes the food. Add comma, and Dad becomes a partner at dinner: Let’s eat, Dad! The comma enables people to have a better understanding of the sentence.(以这个简单的句子为例：让我们吃爸爸！没有逗号，爸爸就变成了食物。加上逗号，爸爸就成了晚餐时的伙伴：我们吃吧，爸爸！逗号使人们对这个句子有更好的理解。)”以及第二段的“Here’s another example: Tom said Sarah stole the cake. Here, Sarah is the thief. But add a pair of commas, and Tom becomes the thief: Tom, said Sarah, stole the cake.(还有一个例子：汤姆说莎拉偷了蛋糕。在这里，莎拉是小偷。但是加上一对逗号，汤姆就成了小偷：汤姆，莎拉说，偷了蛋糕。)”可知，这两个例子告诉我们，加逗号和不加逗号，句子的含义是不一样的，而且还会造成误解，因此可知，有了逗号，人们才能更好地理解一句话。故作者在这举例是为了说明逗号的重要性。故选B项。 15. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Yet, the comma came from oral speeches. Long ago, most people could not read. They listened to the news or stories told by the people who gave speeches. The comma began as something to mark the resting place in a sentence. (然而，这个逗号来自口头演讲。很久以前，大多数人不识字。他们听演讲人讲述的新闻或故事。逗号开始是用来标记句子中停顿的位置的。)”可知，逗号一开始是在口头中使用，用来表示停顿。故选D项。 16. 细节理解题。根据最后一段的“There are rules that people shall not break. Learn them, and you won’t be eating anyone or making wrong changes.(有些规则是人们不能违反的。学会它们，你就不会吃掉任何人或做出错误的改变。)”可知，逗号的使用是有相关的规则的，我们不能违反了这些规则，因此可知我们学习逗号要懂得遵守它的规则。故选C项。 17. 主旨大意题。根据第一段的“What would life be like without commas(逗号)? It would be quite confusing. Take this simple sentence as an example: Let’s eat Dad! Without a comma, Dad becomes the food. Add comma, and Dad becomes a partner at dinner: Let’s eat, Dad! The comma enables people to have a better understanding of the sentence.(没有逗号的生活会是什么样子？这会相当令人困惑。以这个简单的句子为例：让我们吃爸爸！没有逗号，爸爸就变成了食物。加上逗号，爸爸就成了晚餐时的伙伴：我们吃吧，爸爸！逗号使人们对这个句子有更好的理解。)”以及第三段的“The examples above clearly show that people cannot do without commas in writing.(上面的例子清楚地表明，人们在写作中离不开逗号。)”以及第四段的“Learn them, and you won’t be eating anyone or making wrong changes.(学会它们，你就不会吃掉任何人或做出错误的改变。)”可知，逗号在生活中是很重要的，它使得我们更好地理解人们所表达的东西，有了它，人们说的话就很清楚明了。因此可知，逗号使说的句子变得清楚明确。故选A项。 Passage 5 (2023•江苏)What exactly is technology? There aren't any easy answers. Despite the fact that technology has re-mained one of the most controversial areas of modern science, especially when linked to human life or so-cial morals, much progress has been made in recent years, which has made the experts and common peo-ple think again. Technology is the application of knowledge to production. Thanks to modern technology, we have been able to increase greatly the efficiency of our work force. New machines and new methods have helped cut down time and expense while increasing overall output. This has meant more production and a higher standard of living. For most of the ordinary people, modern technology is thought of as the reason why we can have cars, television sets, cell phones, robots and so on. However, technology has also increased the a-mount of food available to us, by means of modern farming machinery and animal breeding techniques, and has extended our life span through medical technology. Will mankind continue to live longer and have a higher quality of life? In large measure the answer depends on technology and our ability to use it widely. If we keep making progress as we have over the past fifty years, the answer may be yes. The advancement of technology depends upon research and devel-opment, and the latest statistics show that developed countries are continuing to pump billions of dollars every year into such efforts. So while we are running out of some scarce (稀少的) resources we may well find technological substitutes for many of them through our research programs. Therefore, in the final analysis the three major factors of production(land, labor and capital)are all influenced by technology. When we need new skills or techniques in medicine, people will start developing new technology to meet those needs. As equipment proves to be slow or inefficient, new machines will be invented. Technology responds to our needs in helping us maintain our standard of living. 18. Which of the following statements best summarizes the author's main points？ A. Science is the most important part of modern technology. B. Technology has nothing to do with the major factors of production. C. Modern technology is the key to the improvement of standard of living. D. Technology leads to more needs in production and human life. 19. What's the author's attitude toward modern technology？ A. Favorable. B. Indifferent. C. Negative. D. Doubtful. 20. What could be inferred from Paragraph 3？ A. Technology has increased the amount of food. B. Technology can definitely make people live long. C. Technology can soon create non-renewable resources. D. Technology progress depends on more expenses and efforts. 21. Where is this article probably from？ A. A report to the government. B. A school textbook. C. Latest news in a newspaper. D. A scientific magazine. 【答案】18. C 19. A 20. D 21. D 【语篇解读】本文是一篇科普类说明文。主要讲述了现代科技的发展及其重要性，以及现代技术可以满足人类生产生活中的许多需求。 18. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Thanks to modern technology，we have been able to increase greatly the efficiency of our work force”(由于现代技术，我们能够大大提高劳动力的效率)，以及最后一段“Technology responds to our needs in helping us maintain our standard of living”(技术满足我们的需求，帮助我们维持我们的生活水平)可知，此处表示现代科技是提高我们生活水平的关键。故选C项。 19. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Technology is the application of knowledge to production.Thanks to modern technology, we have been able to increase greatly the efficiency of our work force”(技术是知识在生产中的应用。由于现代技术，我们能够大大提高劳动力的效率)，第三段“Will mankind continue to live longer and have a higher quality of life?In large measure the answer depends on technology and our ability to use it widely”(人类会继续活得更长、生活质量更高吗？答案在很大程度上取决于技术和我们广泛使用它的能力)，以及最后一段“Technology responds to our needs in helping us maintain our standard of living”(技术满足我们的需求，帮助我们维持我们的生活水平)可知，作者描述的都是技术给我们带来的好处，所以，作者对于现代技术的态度是赞同的。故选A项。 20. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“If we keep making progress as we have over the past fifty years，the answer may be yes”(如果我们像过去50年那样不断取得进步，答案可能是肯定的)，以及“and the latest statistics show that developed countries are continuing to pump billions of dollars every year into such efforts”(最新的统计数据表明，发达国家正在继续发展每年都有数十亿美元投入到这些努力中)可知，此处表示技术的进步取决于人们的努力和费用。故选D项。 21. 推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“What exactly is technology？”(技术到底是什么)，第二段“Technology is the application of knowledge to production. Thanks to modern technology, we have been able to increase greatly the efficiency of our work force”(技术是知识在生产中的应用。由于现代技术，我们能够大大提高劳动力的效率)，以及全文大意可知，本文主要讲述的是关于科技方面的问题。所以文章来源于科学杂志。故选D项。 Passage 6 (2022•江苏苏州)Tokyo University laboratory has developed a robot that never loses at the game of Rock Paper Scissors. That is because its visual processing abilities and fingers work together faster than any human brain. A video of the robot has been watched by more than 3 million viewers on YouTube since going online at the end of June. Tokyo University engineering professor Masatoshi Ishikawa has a good-natured response to frustrated human losers who accuse him of essentially creating a robot that cheats. “It is not cheating. Every one millisecond (千分之一秒) the image processor decides and recognizes the shape the human hand is going to make. And then the robot can make a winnable shape one millisecond later than a human being. Only one millisecond, but a human cannot see this difference because the human eye is very slow,” explained Ishikawa. At the Ishikawa Oku Laboratory there has been amazing progress which shows the near perfect accuracy of robotics, such as a robot that can catch a falling egg without breaking it, another one that can tie a knot, and a robot that may not be quite ready for the NBA, but is able to dribble (运球) a ball. In sports such as baseball and cricket, the misses outnumber (比......多) successes for even the most skilled athletes. That is not so in this award-winning school laboratory. For instance, an intelligent robot is the result of five years of research and a lot of trial and error. And the cost of just one finger on the robot is equal to that of a mini car. The technology obviously has uses beyond fun and games. Corporations are eager to take advantage of the lab’s technology for industrial and other practical uses. And there is talk of applying it to assisting disabled people and improving human capabilities. 22. What brings the robot so much attention on the YouTube? A. It plays online games much better than any human. B. Its eyes and fingers can work at the same time. C. It can do whatever people tell it to do. D. It never loses in the game against humans. 23. Ishikawa’s explanation suggests that the robot ________. A. proves to be dishonest B. responds faster than humans C. works slower sometimes D. is lucky to win the game 24. The author proves that a robot is skillful and accurate through ________. A. performing an experiment B. telling an interesting story C. offering some practical examples D. ordering it to do something hard 25. Which section of a website is the text probably taken from? A. Science and technology. B. Human and society. C. Sports and games. D. Relaxation and entertainment. 【答案】22. D 23. B 24. C 25. A 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是日本的机器人技术。 22. 推理判断题。根据第一段的“Tokyo University laboratory has developed a robot that never loses at the game of Rock Paper Scissors.(东京大学的一个实验室研发出了一款在石头剪刀布游戏中永不输的机器人。)”可知，让这个机器人在YouTube上获得如此多的关注的是它在与人类的比赛中从不输，故选D。 23. 推理判断题。根据第二段的“Every one millisecond (千分之一秒) the image processor decides and recognizes the shape the human hand is going to make. And then the robot can make a winnable shape one millisecond later than a human being. Only one millisecond, but a human cannot see this difference because the human eye is very slow(每一毫秒，图像处理器就会决定并识别人手将要做出的形状。这样机器人就能比人类晚一毫秒做出一个可赢的形状。只有一毫秒，但人类无法看到这种差异，因为人类的眼睛非常慢)”可知，石川的解释表明，机器人的反应速度比人类快，故选B。 24. 推理判断题。根据第三段的“At the Ishikawa Oku Laboratory there has been amazing progress which shows the near perfect accuracy of robotics, such as a robot that can catch a falling egg without breaking it, another one that can tie a knot, and a robot that may not be quite ready for the NBA, but is able to dribble a ball.(Ishikawa总裁实验室取得了惊人的进展，显示了近乎完美的机器人技术的准确性，比如一个机器人，可以接下落的鸡蛋不打破它，另一个可以打个结，和一个机器人，可能还没准备好打NBA，但能够运球。)”可知，作者通过提供一些实际的例子来证明了机器人的技术和准确性，故选C。 25. 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Tokyo University laboratory has developed a robot that never loses at the game of Rock Paper Scissors.(东京大学的一个实验室研发出了一款在石头剪刀布游戏中永不输的机器人。)”可知，本文主要介绍的是日本的机器人技术，因此文章可能来自网站的科技部分，故选A。 Passage 7 (2022•江苏南通)You have probably read about robots replacing human labour as a new era of automation takes root in one industry after another. However, a new report suggests humans are not the only ones who might lose their jobs. In New Zealand, farmers are using drones(无人机) to herd and monitor cows and sheep, taking up the position that highly intelligent dogs have held for more than a century. The robots have not replaced the dogs entirely, Radio New Zealand reports, but they have appropriated(盗用) one of the animal's most powerful tools: barking. The DJI Mavic Enterprise, a $ 3,500 drone favored by farmers, has a feature that lets the machine record sounds and play them over a loudspeaker, giving the machine the ability to imitate its canine counterparts. Corey Lambeth, a shepherd on a farm, told RNZ the machines are surprisingly effective. “That's the one thing I've noticed that when you're moving cows the old cows stand up to the dogs, but with the drones, they've never done that,” he said, noting the drones move cows faster, with less stress, than the dogs do. The drones come in handy for more than just herding cows and sheep. The robots allow farmers to monitor their land from afar, monitoring water and feed levels and checking on the animals' health without disturbing them. Jason Rentoul told RNZ that a two- hour herding job that used to require two people and two teams of dogs could be accomplished in 45 minutes using a single drone. “On a hilly farm where a lot of stuff is done by farmers on foot, the drones really save a lot of man hours,” he said. For now, farmers say, there is still a need for herding dogs, primarily because they have a longer lifespan than drones, can work in bad weather and do not require an electrical socket every few hours to recharge. 26. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 refer to? A. Farmers. B. Dogs. C. Sheep. D. Loudspeakers. 27. Which of the following statements is supported by the passage? A. Herding dogs will gradually lose their position on the farmland. B. The drones can help monitor weather conditions with the current technology. C. The drones are multifunctional and leave the animals undisturbed. D. The market for the DJI Mavic Enterprise is pretty small because of its high price. 28. Why can't the drones replace the dogs entirely? A. The drones can't bark as loudly as the dogs do. B. Cows are not used to seeing the drones. C. The drones are much more expensive. D. The drones' power is limited and they need charging. 29. What is the author's attitude towards the drones in the passage? A. Supportive. B. Objective. C. Critical. D. Doubtful. 【答案】26. B 27. C 28. D 29. B 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。随着科学技术的不断发展，机器能做的事情越来越多。它们不仅能帮人类干活，甚至在某种程度上还能代替牧羊犬放牧。 26. 词义猜测题。由划线部分所在句“has a feature that lets the machine record sounds and play them over a loudspeaker”可知，DJI Mavic Enterprise无人机有一个功能，它可以让机器录下声音，并通过扩音器播放。由上文中的“The robots have not replaced the dogs entirely, Radio New Zealand reports, but they have appropriated(盗用)one of the animal's most powerful tools: barking (据新西兰电台报道，机器人并没有完全取代狗，但它们已经盗用了狗的最有效的工具之一：犬吠) ”。由此可推知，此处表示这种机器人可以模仿狗。故选B。 27. 细节理解题。根据第四段的第二句“The robots allow farmers to monitor their land from afar, monitoring water and feed levels and checking on the animals' health without disturbing them.(这些机器人可以让农民从远处监测土地、水和投饲量，并在不打扰动物的情况下检查它们的健康状况)”。由此可知，无人机是多功能的且不会打扰到动物，故选C。 28. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“here is still a need for herding dogs, primarily because they have a longer lifespan than drones, can work in bad weather and do not require an electrical socket every few hours to recharge.(目前仍然需要牧羊犬，主要是因为它们的寿命比无人机长，可以在恶劣天气下工作，不需要每隔几个小时充一次电)”可知，无人机有一些不足之处——功率有限，需要充电，因此不能完全代替牧羊犬。因此D项符合题意。故选D。 29. 推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了在新西兰，农民使用无人机放牧和监测牛羊的事实，并没有夹杂作者个人的观点，客观地表达了无人机的优缺点。A. Supportive.支持的；B. Objective.客观的；C. Critical.批评的；D. Doubtful.怀疑的。因此B符合语境，故选B。 Passage 8 (2022•江苏苏州)People think of cats as cute. But research published in a psychology journal calls them neurotic (神经质的) and unstable. Researchers from the University of Edinburgh in Scotland and the Bronx Zoo in New York compared the personalities of domestic house cats with those of four different types of wildcats. To better understand their personalities, the researchers rated a number of animals behaviors on what psychologists call the Big Five human personality traits(特征). Domestic house cats have similar personality structures to African lions. “It’s what cats do pretty much on a daily basis, things like being anxious, being timid, being excitable, being aggressive toward humans, being aggressive toward each other, ”said Max Wachtel, a Denver psychologist who didn’t participate in the study. “All of those are characteristics you see in those cute little house cats, and you also see them in lions.” If you ever thought your cat was anxious, insecure, tense, suspicious or aggressive toward you, you aren’t making it up, he said. If they were bigger, they probably would consider killing you. But the news isn’t all bad: Just like lions, house cats are also playful, excitable and impulsively funny. They just aren’t very predictable. One moment cats will be enjoying bell scratches, and the next they will be biting you to make you stop. “It is good to understand the personality characteristics of our pets,” Wachtel said “Different cats have different personalities, but as a species, there are a lot of commonalities.” The researchers also studied personality traits of Scottish wildcats and some other animals “Across the five species we assessed, personality structure was strikingly similar and also seemed to be related to other studies’ findings, such as in tigers,” the researchers wrote in their study in the November 2014 issue of the Journal of Comparative Psychology. But house cats were most like lions, potentially because they live in semi-social surroundings and lions are the most social of cats. “They’re cute and furry, but we need to remember when we have cats as pets, we are inviting little predators into our house,” Wachtel said. “Cats can be fantastic, sweet companions—until they turn on you.” 30. Cats can be described as _____. A. funny and safe B. playful and stable C. fantastic and devoted D. neurotic and unpredictable 31. How did the researchers conduct the research? A. By making comparisons. B. By analyzing cause and effect. C. By giving examples. D. By providing explanations. 32. Which of the following “turn on” shares the same meaning as the underlined phrase? A. The book really turned me on to science. B. Upon entering the room, he turned on the light. C. The hungry suddenly turned on each other for food. D. The trial turned on the medical evidence presented by the defense. 33. Which of the following can be used as a suitable title? A. Cats are best pets. B. Domestic cats and wildcats. C. Your cat may want to kill you. D. Different cats, different personalities. 【答案】30. D 31. A 32. C 33. C 【语篇解读】本文是说明文。人们认为猫很可爱。但是发表在心理学杂志上的研究称它们是神经质和不稳定的。来自苏格兰爱丁堡大学和纽约布朗克斯动物园的研究人员比较了家猫和四种不同野猫的性格。文章对该项研究及发现进行了介绍。 30. 细节理解题。根据第一段People think of cats as cute. But research published in a psychology journal calls them neurotic (神经质的) and unstable.(但是发表在心理学杂志上的研究称它们是神经质和不稳定的)可知，猫是神经质的；根据第五段They just aren’t very predictable.( 它们只是不太容易预测)可知，猫也是难以预测的。故选D。 31. 推理判断题。根据第一段Researchers from the University of Edinburgh in Scotland and the Bronx Zoo in New York compared the personalities of domestic house cats with those of four different types of wildcats.(来自苏格兰爱丁堡大学和纽约布朗克斯动物园的研究人员比较了家猫和四种不同野猫的性格)可知，研究者的研究方法是比较法。故选A。 32. 词义猜测题。根据最后一段中划线词所在句Cats can be fantastic, sweet companions -until they turn on you.(猫可以是奇妙的、可爱的伙伴——直到它们turn on你)可知，画线词与前文的描述是相对的，故turn on意思为“攻击，袭击”。结合选项：A. The book really turned me on to science.这本书让我对科学感兴趣；B. Upon entering the room, he turned on the light.他一进屋就把灯打开了；C. The hungry suddenly turned on each other for food.这些饥肠辘辘的人突然互相袭击取食；D. The trial turned on the medical evidence presented by the defense.这次审判取决于这份由被告律师呈上的医学证明。由此可知，C项符合题意。故选C。 33. 主旨大意题。整篇文章讲述了猫看似可爱，但通过实验表明猫与狮子有许多相似的特性，会喜怒无常无法预测。A. Cats are best pets.文章并没有提到猫是最好的宠物；B. Domestic cats and wildcats.文章并没有主要描述家猫和野猫，属于以偏概全；D. Different cats, different personalities.文章中有提到不同的猫有不同的性格特点，但不能体现主旨。C. Your cat may want to kill you.你的猫可能会杀了你，能够表现猫潜在的个性特征，这也是这项研究的一个重大发现，适合做本文标题。故选C。 Passage 9 (2022•江苏苏州)According to a new study， teens focus on rewards and have a hard time learning to avoid punishment or consider the consequences of alternative actions. University College London researchers compared how teens and adults learn to make choices based on the available information. They tracked the way in which 18 volunteers aged 12-17 and 20 volunteers aged 18-32 completed tasks in which they had to choose between abstract symbols. Each symbol was consistently associated with a fixed chance of a reward, punishment, or no outcome. As the trial progressed ， participants learned which symbols were likely to lead to each outcome and adjusted their choices accordingly. Teens and adults were equally good at learning to choose symbols associated with reward， but teens were less good at avoiding symbols associated with punishment. Adults also performed significantly better when they were told what would have happened if they had chosen the other symbol after each choice， while teens did not appear to take this information into account. “From this experimental lab study we can draw conclusions about learning during the teen years. We find that teens and adults learn in different ways， something that might be relevant to education," said lead author Dr. Stefano Palminteri. " Unlike adults, teens are not so good at learning to adjust their choices to avoid punishment. This suggests that incentive systems based on reward rather than punishment may be more effective for this age group. Additionally, we found that teens did not learn from being shown what would have happened if they made alternative choices." To interpret the results, the researchers developed computational models of learning and ran simulations (模拟)applying them to the results of the study. The first was a simple model, one that learned from rewards, and the second model added to this by also learning from the option that was not chosen. The third model was the most complete and took the full context into account, with equal weight given to punishment avoidance and reward seeking. For example, obtaining no outcome rather than losing a point is weighted equally to gaining a point rather than having no outcome. Comparing the experimental data to the models, the team found that teens" behavior followed the simple reward-based model while adults" behavior matched the complete, contextual model. “Our study suggests that teens are more receptive to rewards than they are to punishments of equal value, ” said senior author Dr. Sarah-Jayne Blakemore. “As a result, it may be useful for parents and teachers to frame things in more positive terms.” 34. It can be learned from the study that . A. adults made choices faster than teens B. adults understood rewards better than teens C. teens reacted better to reward than punishment D. teens were aware of the outcome of each choice 35. What do we know about the three computational models? A. They reflected people’s strong desire for punishment avoidance. B. They gave circumstances different degrees of consideration. C. They paid equal attention to reward and punishment. D. They shaped the behavior of people at different ages. 36. The underlined word “receptive" in the last paragraph probably means . A. accustomed B. opposed C. sympathetic D. responsive 37. According to the writer, which of the following statements works best for teens? A. “If you insist on doing things in this way， you will lose ten points. " B. “If we had talked about this earlier， you wouldn’t have made the mistake. " C. “ If you hand in your assignment ahead of time， you will get an extra bonus." D. “If you want to approach a problem differently ， you can talk to your parents. " 【答案】34. C 35. B 36. D 37. C 【知识点】科普知识 、说明文、逻辑推理、词义猜测 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。介绍了一项新研究，研究表明青少年们关注回报，很难学会避免惩罚或者考虑到不同行为的结果。 34. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Our study suggests that teens are more receptive to rewards than they are to punishments of equal value”可知，这个研究表明青少年们对于同样意义的回报和惩罚，更能接受回报而不是惩罚，意在表明青少年对于回报的回应比惩罚好，C项切题。故选C项。 35. 推理判断题。根据第五段中“The first was a simple model, one that learned from rewards, and the second model added to this by also learning from the option that was not chosen. The third model was the most complete and took the full context into account, with equal weight given to punishment avoidance and reward seeking.”可知第一个是简单模型，从回报中了解到的。第二个增加了一些从未被选的选择中了解的部分。第三个模型是完全考虑到了惩罚避免和追求回报的等量关系，这部分语境意在表示研究者给了环境不同程度的考虑。B项切题。故选B项。 36. 词义推测题。根据最后一段中“Our study suggests that teens are more receptive to rewards than they are to punishments of equal value”，研究表明青少年们对于同样意义的回报和惩罚，更能接受回报而不是惩罚，意在表明青少年对于回报的回应比惩罚好。A. accustomed习惯；B. opposed相反；C. sympathetic同情的；D. responsive反应积极的。结合句子结构分析和翻译语境可知， D项切合题意。故选D项。 37. 推理判断题。通过阅读全文可知，本文主旨介绍了一项新研究，研究表明青少年们关注回报，很难学会避免惩罚或者考虑到不同行为的结果。C项意为“如果你提前交作业，你会得到额外奖励”，符合原文关于青少年们关注回报的表述。故选C项。 高频话题03 友谊 Passage 1 (2023•江苏)Friendship makes life colorful. A teenager who has some good friends is surely more popular than one with few. So people all want others to be their friends, but they don't give friendship back. That is why some friendships don't last very long. To have a friend, you must learn to be one. You must learn to treat your friend the way you want your friend to treat you. Learning to be a good friend means learning three rules: be honest; be generous; be understanding. Honesty is where a good friendship starts. Friends must be able to trust one another. If you don't tell the truth, people usually find out. If a friend finds out that you haven't been honest, you may lose your friend's trust. Good friends always count on one another to speak and act honestly. Generosity means sharing and makes a friendship grow. You should share your ideas and feelings with your friends. These can be very valuable to them. They tell your friends what is important to you. By sharing then you help your friend know you better. Sooner or later everyone needs understanding and help with problems. Something may go wrong at school. Talking about the problem can make it easier to solve. Turning to a friend can be the first step in solving the problem. So to be a friend you must listen and understand. You must try to put yourself in your friend's place so you can understand the problem better. No two friendships are ever exactly alike. But all true friendships have three things in common. If you plan to keep your friends, you must practice honesty, generosity and understanding. 1. According to the passage honesty is ________. A. something countable B. more important than anything else C. as important as money D. the base of friendship 2. Which of the following isn't mentioned in the passage? A. A friend who gives you his lunch money is a true friend. B. Sharing your mind with your friend is of great value. C. Discussing your problem with your friend often helps to solve the problem. D. Always tell your friend the truth. 3. The best title for this passage is “________”. A. Honesty Is the Best Policy B. A Friend in Need Is a Friend Indeed C. How to Be Friends D. Three Important Points in Life: 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. C 【知识点】朋友 、方法/策略、说明文 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。很多人在交朋友时，只想要对方付出友情，而自己却不付出，这样的友谊不会持续太长时间。如何做一个好朋友呢，这篇短文告诉我们应该学会三个原则：诚实、慷慨、理解。 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Honesty is where a good friendship starts.(诚实是一段良好友谊的开始)”可知，诚实是友谊的基础。故选D。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“If you don’t tell the truth, people usually find out. (如果你不说实话，人们通常会发现)”；第三段中“You should share your ideas and feelings with your friends. These can be very valuable to them. (你应该和你的朋友分享你的想法和感受。 这些对他们来说非常有价值)”以及第四段中“Talking about the problem can make it easier to solve. (谈论这个问题可以使它更容易解决)”可知，A选项“给你午餐钱的朋友是真正的朋友”文章没有提到。故选A。 3. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Learning to be a good friend means learning three rules: be-honest; be generous；be understanding.(学习做一个好朋友意味着学习三条规则：要诚实；要慷慨；要善解人意)”结合文章主要说明了很多人在交朋友时，只想要对方付出友情，而自己却不付出，这样的友谊不会持续太长时间。如何做一个好朋友呢，这篇短文告诉我们应该学会三个原则：诚实、慷慨、理解。可知，C选项“如何当朋友”最符合文章标题。故选C。 Passage 2 The Friends of Charles Dickens Dickens was born in 1812. His father, a clerk in the navy pay office, was thrown into debtors' prison. The miserable treatment of children and the institution of the debtors' jail became  topics of several of Dickens, novels。. Wilkie Collins (1824-1889) Although twelve years younger than Dickens Wilkie Collins became one of Dickens best friends. Collins was a popular novelist who developed the mystery novel style. The Moonstone is one of his best. He and Dickens wrote The Frozen Deep . Wilkie was the son of the painter William Collins. He was born in London and lived in Italy and France as a child. John Elliotson (1791-1868) Elliotson was Dickens's family doctor for many years and thus they became good friends. Elliotson was an early advocate for the use of the stethoscope (听诊器). He also believed in the use of acupuncture (针灸). Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849) Poe was an American author best known for his poems and short fiction. The Fall of the House of Usher and The Murders in the Rue Morgue are two of his most popular works Dickens and Poe's friendship began in Philadelphia while Dickens was on his first tour of the United States. They talked about literature and seemed to enjoy one another's company However，two years later Poe broke off the relationship because he was angry about an article on American poetry. The article was written by Thackeray, but Poe believed that Dickens was behind the article. William Makepeace Thackeray (1811-1863) William Makepeace Thackeray was a novelist His best known work is Vanity Fair. He was also a friend of Charles Dickens. While Dickens and Thackeray were friends, the relation ship wasn't always smooth. They had several serious quarrels. One quarrel involved Dickens siding with Edmund Yates after Yates insulted Thackeray. 4. Who had taken care of Dickens' health for years? A. Collins. B. Poe. C. Elliotson. D. Thackeray. 5. What broke Dickens and Poe's friendship? A. A traffic accident. B. Their ideas on running companies. C. A poem written by Dickens. D. An article written by Thackeray. 6. What is Thackeray's most famous novel? A. Vanity Fair. B. The Moonstone. C. The Fall of the House of Usher. D. The Murders in the Rue Morgue. 【答案】4. C 5. D 6. A 【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了英国作家Charles Dickens的四位朋友。 4. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Elliotson was Dickens's family doctor for many years and thus they became good friends.(Elliotson是Dickens多年的家庭医生，因此他们成了好朋友。)”可知，Elliotson是Dickens的家庭医生，因此，他曾照顾Dickens的健康。故选C项。 5. 细节理解题。根据第四段最后两句“However, two years later Poe broke off the relationship because he was angry about an article on American poetry. The article was written by Thackeray, but Poe believed that Dickens was behind the article.(然而，两年后， Poe因为对一篇关于美国诗歌的文章感到愤怒而断绝了这段关系。这篇文章是Thackeray写的，但Poe认为是Dickens写的。)”可知，Poe对他以为是Dickens写的一篇关于美国诗歌的文章很生气，但事实上它是Thackeray写的，Thackeray写的一篇文章破坏了Dickens 和 Poe的友谊。故选D项。 6. 细节理解题。根据第五段“William Makepeace Thackeray was a novelist. His best known work is Vanity Fair.(William Makepeace Thackeray是一位小说家。他最著名的作品是《名利场》。)”可知，Thackeray最著名的小说是《名利场》。故选A项。 Passage 3 (2023•江苏)There are three different kinds of friends in our life. I classify(分类) them according to how well I know them and how well they know me. The first type of friend is just an acquaintance(熟人). This means that you only know their name. You might not even remember what they look like if you go away for a short vacation. You don’t miss them when they are elsewhere. It is also this type of friend who gives you the most amount of aggravation(恼怒). Since most of the time you are placed in a position where you have to act friendly, you would not normally tell an acquaintance when he or she is doing something that makes you feel angry, such as tapping the fingers on a table or shouting loudly. I call them “pest friends”. The second kind of friend is a “guest friend”. They are just social partners. You meet them at a certain location and at the end of the meeting you go your separate way and they go theirs. You don’t talk too often with this sort of friend, and you don’t share each other’s secrets. Lastly, we have “best friends”. This sort of friend is there when you need them. They know you as a person and they are there through thick and thin. Best friends are the ones that you can lean and depend on no matter what happens. If you need a listening ear, they will be the one to lend support. Friends come in all different shapes and sizes. Every friend has an impact on our life. . . 7. According to the writer, when a friend of the first type acts in an annoying way, you . A. can tell him/her about it directly B. should stay away from him/her C. should advise him/her to correct his/her behavior D. may find it hard to tell him/her not to do so 8. Which of the following statements is WRONG about the second type of friend? A. They are only social partners. B. You don’t talk very often with them. C. You don’t share your secrets with them. D. They are called “pest friends” by the writer. 9. If someone is with you through thick and thin, it means . A. he/she is your friend for sure B. he/she agrees with whatever you say C. you spend most of your time together D. he/she is with you even when there are difficulties 10. What will most probably be talked about in Paragraph 5? A. How to make friends. B. How friends influence our life. C. How to improve friendship. D. How to get along well with the third type of friend. 11. What is this passage mainly about? A. What a true friend is like. B. Three kinds of friends in our life. C. The role that friends play in our life. D. Why there are different kinds of friends. 【答案】7. D 8. D 9. D 10. B 11. B 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人生中的三种朋友。 7. 细节理解题。由第二段中的“Since most of the time you are placed in a position where you have to act friendly, you would not normally tell an acquaintance when he or she is doing something that makes you feel angry, such as tapping the fingers on a table or shouting loudly.”(因为大多数时候你被安排在一个你必须表现友好的位置，你通常不会告诉一个熟人他或她正在做一些让你感到愤怒的事情，比如在桌子上敲击手指或大声喊叫。)，可知在作者看来，当第一种朋友有恼人的行为时，你可能并不好意思直接跟他/她说不要这样做。故选D项。 8. 细节理解题。由第二段中的“I call them “pest friends”.”(我叫他们“害虫朋友”。)，可知“pest friends”是作者用来形容第一种朋友的，D项“第二种类型的朋友被作家称为“害虫朋友””错误。故选D项。 9. 推理判断题。第四段主要讲最好的朋友，由第四段中的“This sort of friend is there when you need them. They know you as a person and they are there through thick and thin. Best friends are the ones that you can lean and depend on no matter what happens.”(这种朋友会在你需要的时候出现。他们知道你是一个人，他们在那里，不顾艰难险阻。最好的朋友是那些无论发生什么事你都可以依靠的人。)，可知最好的朋友不管你平时有没有困难，都会不顾艰难险阻出现在你的身边，让你可以依靠，因此可推断出有人与你同甘共苦，它就意味着即使有困难，他/她也和你在一起。故选D项。 10. 推理判断题。由最后一段“Friends come in all different shapes and sizes. Every friend has an impact on our life. . .”(朋友有各种各样的形状和大小。每个朋友都会影响我们的生活……)，可推知接下来作者最有可能要谈论的是和“朋友如何影响我们的生活”有关的内容。故选B项。 11. 主旨大意题。第一段讲“我们的生活中有三种不同的朋友”，第二段讲“第一种朋友是熟人”，第三段讲“第二种朋友是“客座朋友””，第四段讲“第三种朋友是“最好的朋友””，第五段讲“朋友对我们生活的影响”，通读全文，可知本文主要是讲生活中的三种朋友，B项“我们生活中有三种朋友”符合文意。故选B项。 高频话题04 宇宙探索 Passage 1 (2023•江苏扬州)Astronomers have discovered an unusual solar system near Earth. It’s made up of six planets orbiting a star. What makes this system special is that the six planets’ orbits appear to be matched. Scientists compare their movement to a perfectly timed symphony. “It’s precise and very orderly,” says Enric Pallé, an astronomer in the Canary Islands. The discovery was announced on November 29. It’s based on data from two orbiting satellites, NASA’s TESS and the European Space Agency’s Cheops. The newly discovered system is 100 light-years from Earth, or about 600 trillion(万亿) miles. That’s close, in space terms. Astronomers are calling the system a “golden target” for further study. It could offer an example of how systems across the Milky Way were formed. All solar systems are thought to have started out like this one. But they rarely keep their perfect timing. Giant planets can throw off the orbits of other planets. So can meteor(流星) impact. These things have happened in our solar system. Hugh Osborn, of the University of Bern, in Switzerland, says his team was “shocked and delighted” by the discovery. “My jaw was on the floor,” he says. “That was a really nice moment.” 1. What is special about the solar system recently discovered? A. It is made up of six orbiting planets. B. The planets’ orbits are perfectly matched. C. It is located 100 light-years away from Earth. D. The discovery was made using satellite data. 2. What is the significance of the newly discovered solar system? A. It is the closest solar system to Earth in the Milky Way. B. It is a clear target for future exploration tasks in space. C. It challenges the common thought about solar system. D. It offers an example of the formation of other systems. 3. Which can affect the perfect timing of a solar system’s orbits? A. The impact of meteors. B. The researches of astronomers. C. The formation of the Milky Way. D. The influence of orbiting satellites. 4. How did Hugh Osborn and his team react to the discovery? A. They were very doubtful and critical. B. They were quite surprised and excited. C. They were confused and disappointed. D. They were indifferent and uninterested. 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A 4. B 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了天文学家们发现了一个位于地球附近的不寻常的太阳系。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“What makes this system special is that the six planets’ orbits appear to be matched. Scientists compare their movement to a perfectly timed symphony. (这个系统的特殊之处在于，这六颗行星的轨道似乎是匹配的。科学家们将他们的运动比作一首时间恰到好处的交响乐。)”可知，最近发现的太阳系行星的轨道完全匹配。故选B。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段“It could offer an example of how systems across the Milky Way were formed. (它可以提供一个银河系系统是如何形成的例子。)”可知，新发现的太阳系提供了其他系统形成的一个例子。故选D。 3. 细节理解题。根据第四段“Giant planets can throw off the orbits of other planets. So can meteor (流星) impact. (巨行星可以偏离其他行星的轨道。流星也会这样影响。)”可知，巨行星和流星的撞击都有可能扰乱行星的轨道。故选A。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Hugh Osborn, of the University of Bern, in Switzerland, says his team was “shocked and delighted” by the discovery. “My jaw was on the floor,” he says. “That was a really nice moment.” (瑞士伯尔尼大学的Hugh Osborn表示，他的团队对这一发现感到“震惊和欣喜”。“我的下巴掉在地板上了，”他说。“那是一个非常美好的时刻。”)”可知，Hugh Osborn和他的团队对这个发现感到震惊和欣喜，形容这一发现是一个非常美好的时刻，所以他们对于这一发现感觉惊讶和兴奋。故选B。 Passage 2 (2023•江苏)Stephen Hawking, one of the world’s most famous scientists, believed that to survive, humans will one day have to move into space. “Once we spread out into space and establish independent settlements, our future should be safe, ”he said. Today, several leading countries in space exploration are all planning to send astronauts-people who travel into space - back to Earth’s closest neighbor: the moon. Some of these countries want to create space stations there within the next 10 years. These stations will prepare humans to visit and later live on Mars or other Earthlike planets. Robert Zubrin, a rocket scientist, thinks humans should take control of space. He wants to start with Mars. Why? He thinks sending people to Mars will allow us to learn a lot of things-for example, the ability of humans to live in a very different environment. Eventually, we could create new human societies on other planets. In addition, any advances we make in the fields of science, technology, medicine, and health will benefit people here on Earth. Not everyone thinks sending humans into space is a smart idea. Many say it’s too expensive. Also, most space trips are not short. A one-way trip to Mars, for example, would take at least six months. People traveling this kind of distance could face many health problems In addition, these first people would find life extremely difficult in space. On the moon, for example, the sun’s rays are very dangerous. People would have to stay indoors most of the time Despite these concerns, sending people into space seems certain. In the future, we might see cities on the moon or even new human cultures on other planets. First stop: the moon 5. What is Stephen Hawking’s idea about future life in space? A. Humans will live a healthy life. B. Humans will live a better life on the moon. C. Humans will create hospitals on other planets. D. Space will be a safe place for humans to live in. 6. Why are some countries planning to build space stations on the moon? A. To learn more about the moon’s surface B. To improve cooperation among countries. C. To prepare humans to live on other planets D. To reduce the number of people living on Earth 7. What does Robert Zubrin think of sending people to Mars? A. It will take a long time B. It will cost a lot of money C. It will be extremely difficult. D. It will benefit people on Earth a lot 8. What’s the attitude of the author towards humans’ moving into space? A. Positive. B. Negative. C. Unclear. D. Worried. 9. What can be the best title for the text? A. A Trip to Mars. B. Living in Space. C. Astronauts on the Moon. D. The Exploration of Space. 【答案】5. D 6. C 7. D 8. A 9. D 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了对探索太空的看法以及探索太空对人类的好处。 5. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Stephen Hawking, one of the world’s most famous scientists, believed that to survive, humans will one day have to move into space. “Once we spread out into space and establish independent settlements, our future should be safe, ”he said.(斯蒂芬·霍金是世界上最著名的科学家之一，他相信人类为了生存，总有一天会迁移到太空。“一旦我们向太空扩张，建立独立定居点，我们的未来就应该是安全的，”他说。)”可知，霍金认为，人类总有一天会向太空扩张，在太空定居，而那里对人类的未来来说是安全的。故选D项。 6. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Some of these countries want to create space stations there within the next 10 years. These stations will prepare humans to visit and later live on Mars or other Earthlike planets.( 其中一些国家希望在未来10年内在那里建立空间站。这些空间站将为人类访问火星或其他类地行星并在其上生活做好准备。)”可知，一些国家想在月球建造空间站，是因为这可以为人类在其他星球上生活做准备。故选C项。 7. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“He thinks sending people to Mars will allow us to learn a lot of things-for example, the ability of humans to live in a very different environment. Eventually, we could create new human societies on other planets. In addition, any advances we make in the fields of science, technology, medicine, and health will benefit people here on Earth.(他认为，将人类送上火星将使我们学到很多东西——例如，人类在一个非常不同的环境中生活的能力。最终，我们可以在其他星球上建立新的人类社会。此外，我们在科学、技术、医学和健康领域取得的任何进步都将造福地球上的人们。)”可知，Robert认为，把人类送上火星，能使我们学到很多东西，例如科学技术和医疗健康等，而这些都对地球上的人们有好处。故选D项。 8. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Despite these concerns, sending people into space seems certain. In the future, we might see cities on the moon or even new human cultures on other planets. First stop: the moon(尽管有这些担忧，把人送上太空似乎是肯定的。未来，我们可能会在月球上看到城市，甚至在其他星球上看到新的人类文化。第一站：月球)”可知，尽管有很多担忧，但未来可能在月球甚至其他星球上看到新的人类文化，第一站就是月球。由此可知，作者对于人类向太空扩张的计划是赞同的。故选A项。 9. 主旨大意题。阅读文章内容可知，第一段引用了霍金的观点，提出人类未来必将向太空扩张；第二段提出一些国家将在月球建造空间站，为未来人类在其他星球做准备；第三段引用火箭学家罗伯特·祖布林的观点，认为将人类送往火星能给地球上的人们带来好处；第四段提出了去太空会带来一系列问题；第五段提出虽然有很多问题，但把人类送上太空是肯定的。由此可推知，本文主要介绍了人类对太空的探索计划。D项“The Exploration of Space”最能概括文章主题。故选D项。 Passage 3 (2023•江苏)Scientists have not found any signs of life on Mars yet,but they say a robotic vehicle called “Curiosity” is helping them learn a lot about the planet’s history and climate. Curiosity landed on Mars in August 2012 after travelling through space for more than eight months.It was sent to Mars by scientists from NASA in the United States. Curiosity is about the size of a car and has six wheels.It also has a robotic arm,cameras,and instruments that allow it to examine things it finds on the surface.Then it sends the information back to the earth. Curiosity’s main task is to find out if anything could live on Mars,either now or in the past.On Nov.2,NASA scientists held a press conference (新闻发布会) to discuss what Curiosity had found in its first two months on Mars. Curiosity has found soil that is similar to the sand formed by volcanoes (火山) on the earth.Scientists say that studying the minerals in Martian soil will help them understand what conditions were like on the planet in the past.Curiosity also found smooth stones like the ones found on river beds and seashores on the earth,where their rough edges have been worn down by water.Mars is very cold and dry now,but scientists say the smooth stones tell them that a river used to run through the place where they were found. Curiosity has been testing the atmosphere around Mars for a type of gas called methane (甲烷),but so far it has not found any.On the earth,most methane is produced by plants or animals.Methane on Mars might indicate that some type of tiny plants or animals lived there. Curiosity is the fourth robotic vehicle to be sent to Mars.It will continue to explore the planet for about two years. 10. Which of the following descriptions about Curiosity is TRUE? A. It landed on Mars in January 2012. B. It is small in size and has four arms. C. It took over eight months to arrive in Mars. D. It was sent to Mars by scientists from Russia. 11. According to the information sent back by Curiosity,scientists believe that 　　　. A. there’s no air on Mars B. Mars is warm and wet now C. the soil on Mars is rich D. there used to be water on Mars 12. The underlined word “they” in Paragraph 5 refers to “　　　”. A. smooth stones B. rivers C. robotic vehicles D. volcanoes 13. We know from the sixth paragraph that 　　　. A. some tiny animals once lived on Mars B. there are no plants or animals on Mars now C. the atmosphere around Mars is full of methane D. Curiosity is designed to test the atmosphere around the earth 14. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Humans benefit a lot by going to Mars. B. Scientists will stop the research on Mars soon. C. It is possible to build an earth-like environment on Mars. D. A robotic vehicle helps scientists get useful information from Mars. 【答案】10. C 11. D 12. A 13. B 14. D 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了“好奇号”机器人探索火星的最新情况。 10. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Curiosity landed on Mars in August 2012 after travelling through space for more than eight months.(“好奇号”于2012年8月在太空中飞行了八个多月后登陆火星。)”可知，“好奇号”机器人花了八个多月的时间到达火星。故选C项。 11. 推理判断题。根据第五段中“Curiosity also found smooth stones like the ones found on river beds and seashores on the earth, where their rough edges have been worn down by water.(“好奇号”还发现了光滑的石头，就像在河床和海岸上发现的那些石头一样，它们粗糙的边缘已经被水磨掉了。)”可知，根据“好奇号”发回的信息，科学家们相信火星上曾经有水。故选D项。 12. 词句猜测题。根据第五段最后一句“Mars is very cold and dry now,but scientists say the smooth stones tell them that a river used to run through the place where they were found.(火星现在非常寒冷和干燥，但科学家们说，这些光滑的石头告诉他们，曾经有一条河流流经这些石头被发现的地方。)”可知，这些光滑的石头告诉科学家们曾经有一条河流流经这些石头被发现的地方，可知，代词they指代的是上文的smooth stones。故选A项。 13. 推理判断题。根据第六段“Curiosity has been testing the atmosphere around Mars for a type of gas called methane (甲烷), but so far it has not found any. On the earth, most methane is produced by plants or animals. Methane on Mars might indicate that some type of tiny plants or animals lived there.(“好奇号”一直在测试火星周围的大气中是否有一种叫做甲烷的气体，但到目前为止还没有发现。在地球上，大部分甲烷是由植物或动物产生的。火星上的甲烷可能表明曾有某种小型植物或动物生活在那里。)”可知，如果有甲烷，就表示火星上有植物或动物存在的可能。但是“好奇号”到现在为止都没有在火星上找到甲烷，可见火星上至少现在是没有植物或动物的。故选B项。 14. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Scientists have not found any signs of life on Mars yet, but they say a robotic vehicle called “Curiosity” is helping them learn a lot about the planet’s history and climate.(科学家们还没有在火星上发现任何生命迹象，但他们表示，一个名为“好奇号”的机器人飞行器正在帮助他们了解火星的历史和气候。)可知，本文主要讲了一个名为“好奇号”的机器人帮助科学家获取有关火星的有用信息，因此选项D“一个机器人飞行器帮助科学家从火星上获得有用的信息。”符合题意。故选D项。 高频话题05 日常生活 Passage 1 (2023•江苏扬州)As in other countries, road safety is always a concern in America. Studies show that in 2022, 7,485 pedestrians(行人) were killed by vehicles in the U.S. That’s an increase of more than 65% since 2012. Even during COVID-19, when fewer people were driving, more pedestrians were hit and more died. Researchers found that drivers took advantage of empty streets and pay little attention to traffic rules. Another factor is the increasing popularity of SUVs, pickups (皮卡) and vans. These kinds of vehicles are up to three times more dangerous than smaller cars when hit pedestrians. The more fault drivers believe they could bear for the hitting, the more likely they are to leave without giving any help. Younger male drivers are more likely to run away. So are those who get drunken or lack a driving license. Other factors include the age of the victim, as children and elderly people are less likely to be left alone. Also, with more witnesses around, the drivers are less likely to hit and run. In the U.S. drivers run away from serious crashes with pedestrians about 20% of the time, and the rate is very different among different states. In 2020, 6,519 pedestrians were killed in the U.S. Speeding driving were a major cause. While Florida “wins” the least number of deaths caused by speeding. These following states were reported to have the most dangerous road accidents. Ten most dangerous states for pedestrians 1. What does the first paragraph tell us? A. Road security worries Americans. B. Pedestrian are on the rise over time. C. COVID-19 caused more road accidents. D. Vehicles have doubled since 2012. 2. Which kind of vehicles is the least dangerous in America? A. Cars. B. SUVs. C. Pickups. D. Vans. 3. What can we learn from the passage? A. Young drivers are more likely to be honest. B. Drunken driving is now allowed in America. C. Children and the old are well protected in the U.S. D. Drivers are more honest if witnessed by more people. 4. Which of the following states is the most suitable for tourists on foot? A. New Mexico. B. New York. C. Florida. D. South Carolina. 【答案】1. A 2. A 3. D 4. C 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了近年来，美国行人被撞死的案例逐步增加，并分析了众多原因，比较了各州发生交通事故的情况。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“As in other countries, road safety is always a concern in America. Studies show that in 2022, 7,485 pedestrians (行人) were killed by vehicles in the U.S. That’s an increase of more than 65% since 2012. Even during COVID-19, when fewer people were driving, more pedestrians were hit and more died. (和其他国家一样，美国的道路安全一直是人们关心的问题。研究表明，2022年，美国有7485名行人被汽车撞死，自2012年以来增长了65%以上。即使在2019冠状病毒病期间，当开车的人减少时，也有更多的行人被撞，更多人死亡)”可知，本段说明道路安全让美国人担忧，通过呈现研究结果表明道路安全问题的严峻情况。故选A项。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Another factor is the increasing popularity of SUVs, pickups (皮卡) and vans. These kinds of vehicles are up to three times more dangerous than smaller cars when hit pedestrians. (另一个因素是SUV、皮卡和货车越来越受欢迎。这类车辆撞到行人时的危险性是小型汽车的三倍)”可知，小型汽车在美国的危险系数最低。故选A项。 3. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Also, with more witnesses around, the drivers are less likely to hit and run. (此外，有更多的目击者在周围，司机不太可能肇事逃逸)”可知，目击者越多，肇事司机越不可能肇事逃逸，即越老实。故选D项。 4. 细节理解题。根据第四段中“In 2020, 6,519 pedestrians were killed in the U.S. Speeding driving were a major cause. While Florida “wins” the least number of deaths caused by speeding. (2020年，美国有6519名行人死亡，超速驾驶是主要原因。而佛罗里达州是因超速驾驶死亡人数最少的州)”可知，佛罗里达州因超速驾驶而死亡的人数最少，因此是最适合徒步游客的地方。故选C项。 Passage 2 (2022•江苏房山高级中学)Motion picture, also called film or movie, series of sill photographs on film, projected in rapid succession onto a screen by means of light. This new art form became one of the most popular and influential media of the 20th century and beyond. In early twentieth-century France, a new form of entertainment was becoming a hit—motion pictures. People crowded into theatres for short, silent, black-and-white films that showed everyday happenings, such as a train pulling into a station. These images were dimly projected onto white sheets. Usually, there was no sound. Occasionally, men at pianos played music to match the scenes. Later, with the introduction of colour and sound, the silent film soon disappeared. Colour and sound introduced a new world into the cinema and steadily grew more effective. It can be used to produce a powerful dramatic impression. Moving images at theatres are now no longer novel, but back at the beginning of the art form, surprises lurked around every corner. During the initial showings of basic silent movies, some people in the audience screamed in fear, reacting to what they saw as if it were happening in real life. Moviegoers were known to even leap out of their seats due to the trains on the screen. At that time, few people understood what motion pictures were, so audience members could easily be fooled. Today, people crowd into theatres for the latest 3D movies. Even older movies, such as the popular Star Wars series, are being re-released in 3D. Moviemakers are excited about the ability to involve the audience more directly in the story or film. In addition, theatres invest tens of thousands of dollars on high-quality audio systems so that everything from the safest whispers to the largest explosions sounds clear and realistic. Sound, dialogue, and music are used in combination not only with one another but also with the visual image. They can overlap and vary in intensity in a flexible and complex pattern with those high-quality audio systems. What will movies be like 100 years from now? Will audience be able to smell scents in the films, taste the food that characters are eating, or even become part of the stories themselves? Only time will tell. 5. What can we know about the motion pictures in early 20th century France? A. They were in color. B. They were the main form of entertainment. C. They greatly appealed to people then. D. They often had background music. 6. Why did the moviegoers leap out of their seats? A. Because the movies were too scary. B. Because they didn't see trains in real life. C. Because the old theaters were too crowded. D. Because audiences were unfamiliar with the movies. 7. Why do theatres spend a lot on high-quality audio systems? A. To re-release more old movies. B. To develop movie-making technologies. C. To improve movie-goers' experience. D. To make the explosions safe. 8. What's the author's purpose in writing the text? A. To explain how realistic movies are today. B. To tell something about future movie plans. C. To introduce the history of movie technology. D. To compare movie theatres over the last century. 【答案】5. C 6. D 7. C 8. C 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了电影技术的发展历史。 5. 细节理解题。由第一段中的“In early twentieth-century France, a new form of entertainment was becoming a hit—motion pictures. People crowded into theatres for short, silent, black-and-white films that showed everyday happenings, such as a train pulling into a station.”(20世纪初，法国一种新的娱乐形式正成为一种热门——电影。人们挤进剧院，看一部简短、无声、黑白相间的电影，这些电影展示了日常发生的事情，比如火车驶入车站)可知，20世纪初，在法国，电影作为一种新的娱乐形式很受人们欢迎以至于人们挤进剧院看它，说明电影对人们很有吸引力。故选C项。 6. 细节理解题。由第二段中的“During the initial showings of basic silent movies, some people in the audience screamed in fear, reacting to what they saw as if it were happening in real life. Moviegoers were known to even leap out of their seats due to the trains on the screen. At that time, few people understood what motion pictures were, so audience members could easily be fooled.”(在最初放映无声电影的时候，观众中的一些人吓得尖叫起来，对他们所看到的一切做出反应，就好像这一切发生在现实生活中一样。据了解，电影观众甚至因为屏幕上的火车而跳出座位。当时，很少有人了解电影是什么，所以观众很容易被愚弄)可知，由于当时观众对电影是什么不熟悉，以为电影里发生的事是真的，所以会做出在现实里会做出的反应，如看到火车就跑开，因此观众会跳出座位是因为观众对电影不熟悉。故选D项。 7. 细节理解题。由第三段中的“Moviemakers are excited about the ability to involve the audience more directly in the story or film. In addition, theatres invest tens of thousands of dollars on high-quality audio systems so that everything from the safest whispers to the largest explosions sounds clear and realistic.”(甚至是一些老电影，比如《星球大战》系列电影也在3D中重新上映，电影制作人对能够更直接地让观众参与到故事或电影中感到兴奋。此外，剧院还投入数万美元购买高质量的音响系统，这样从最安全的低语到最大的爆炸声听起来都清晰而现实)可知，电影制作人对能够更直接地让观众参与到故事或电影中感到兴奋，所以投入巨资买高质量的音响系统，让观众听到的各种声音在安全范围内都清晰而现实，以便让观众投入与电影中，有更好的观影体验，所以买高质量的音响系统是为了提高影迷的体验。故选C项。 8. 推理判断题。第一段引入“电影这种新的艺术形式，开始是无声黑白电影”，第二段讲“有声色彩电影出现了”，第三段讲“3D电影的出现，影院的高质量的音响系统让观众有更好的观影体验”，最后一段“向读者提出疑问——100年后电影会是什么样子？，并畅想了这种电影是什么样子”，可知文章讲了最初的无声黑白电影，之后的有声色彩电影以及后来的3D，这主要介绍了电影的发展历史，因此作者写这篇文章的目的是C项“介绍电影技术的发展历史”。故选C项。 Passage 3 (2023•江苏) SPECIAL EVENTS THIS WEEKEND Captain Good Fellow Do your children enjoy interesting stories, funny games, and exciting dances? Captain Good Fellow will be ready to teach all these things to children of all ages at the City Theatre on Saturday morning at 10:00, Free. Walking Tour of the Town Forget your worries on Saturday morning. Take a beautiful walk and learn about local history. Meet at the front entrance of City Hall at 9:30. Wear comfortable shoes! Films at the Museum Two European films will be shown on Saturday afternoon at the Museum Theatre. See Broken Window at 1:30. The workers will be at 3:45. For further information, call 4987898. International Picnic Are you tired of eating the same food every day? Come to Central Park on Saturday and enjoy food from all over the world. Delicious and not expensive. Noon to 5:00 pm. Do You Want to Hear “The Zoo” “The Zoo”, a popular rock group from Australia, will give their first US concert tomorrow night at 8:00 at Rose Hall, City College. 9. You can probably eat Chinese, Italian, and Arab food_____________. A. at the front entrance of City Hall B. at the Ballgame C. at 5:00 pm D. at Central Park on Saturday 10. You can see movies at _____________. A. the City College B. the Museum Theatre C. the City Theatre D. the Central Park 11 If you are going on the Walking Tour, don’t forget_____________. A. your worries B. your beautiful walk C. your learning about local history D. your comfortable shoes 12. “The Zoo” is ______________. A. a park with lots of animals B. US concert C. a music group D. going to give the concert at 8:00 am 【答案】9. D 10. B 11. D 12. C 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了周末的几项活动安排，且每一个活动都详细地介绍了它的内容，活动的时间，应该注意的事项及联系方式等信息。 9. 细节理解题。根据International Picnic中“Come to Central Park on Saturday and enjoy food from all over the world. Delicious and not expensive.”(星期六到中央公园来品尝世界各地的美食吧。美味又不贵。)可知，周六你能在中央公园吃到中国菜、意大利菜和阿拉伯食物。故选D项。 10. 细节理解题。根据Films at the Museum中“Two European films will be shown on Saturday afternoon at the Museum Theatre.”(两部欧洲电影将会于星期六下午在博物馆剧院放映。)可知，你可以在博物馆剧院看电影。故选B项。 11. 细节理解题。根据Walking Tour of the Town中“Wear comfortable shoes!”(穿舒适的鞋子！)可知，如果你要徒步旅行，别忘了穿舒适的鞋子。故选D项。 12. 推理判断题。根据Do You Want to Hear “The Zoo”中““The Zoo”, a popular rock group from Australia”(“动物园”，一个澳大利亚的流行摇滚乐团)可知，“动物园”是一个音乐乐队。故选C项。 Passage 4 (2023•江苏)Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) has been greatly contributing to the treatment of the COVID-19, which changed the altitude of the western world to it to some extent. However, in the past, foreigners knew little about it. According to a government report, although TCM has been introduced into 183 countries and regions around the world, their understanding of TCM may be limited to acupuncture(针灸), cupping and massage(按摩) .For instance, the purple, injury-like marks left on a U. S. famous swimmers back from cupping to relax his muscles and reduce pain became the center of attention during the Rio Olympics in 2016. In fact, Chinese herbs(药草) play a more important role in curing diseases and keeping the body in good condition in the TCM treatment system than physical treatment. Therefore, it is disappointing to know that although 103 world Health Organization member countries have given approval to the practice of acupuncture, not many recognize Chinese herbal medicine. TCM is much less popular than Western medicine partly due to the slow development of Chinese herbs. Herbs can be made into pills, powder and soup. The kind of herbs used, their quality, quantity and the processing together determine the effectiveness of the prescription (处方). Compared with Western medicine, which has standardized drug production processes and treatment methods, TCM lacks standardization. The chemical composition and functions of its medicine are still unclear and their effects are unstable. Fortunately, standardization has improved in recent decades and a number of factories are increasingly producing patented TCM drugs. Another reason why TCM prescription drugs have developed slowly is that it lacks creativity. While Western medicine-making companies come up with new products every year, TCM drug producers tend to make medicine according to prescriptions handed down from the past. That Chinese chemist Tu Yoyo won the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her research into malaria(痢疾) treatment may drive creativity to some extent in China's TCM industry. However, Rome was not built in a day. The current situation cannot be changed within a short time. 13. Why did the US swimmer attract the audience's attention in the 2016 Rio Olympics? A. The injury on his back. B. The golden cup he won in the games. C. His relaxed muscles and reduced pain. D. The purple, injury-like marks left on his back. 14. What should we do to make TCM be recognized by more countries? A. Set standards and improve creativity. B. Increase functions and decrease production. C. Increase functions and improve creativity. D. Set standards and create more prescriptions. 15. How does the writer feel about the future of TCM? A. Anxious. B. Negative. C. Disappointed. D. Positive. 16. Westerners DON'T think . A. acupuncture treatment is effective B. cupping can cure some diseases C. massage can relax body muscles D. herbs can keep the body in good condition 【答案】13. D 14. A 15. D 16. D 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲了中医药越来越普及，但是中药与西药相比还有一些不足之处：疗效慢、缺乏标准化生产以及缺乏创新等。但是作者还是对中药的未来持积极乐观态度。 13. 细节理解题。根据第一段中For instance, the purple, injury-like marks left on a U.S. famous swimmers back from cupping to relax his muscles and reduce pain became the center of attention during the Rio Olympics in 2016.可知例如，2016年里约热内卢奥运会期间，美国著名游泳运动员拔火罐后背部留下的紫色、类似受伤的痕迹成为了人们关注的焦点。由此可知，这位美国游泳运动员在2016年里约热内卢奥运会上吸引了观众的注意力原因是他背上紫色的，像受伤的痕迹。故选D。 14. 细节理解题。根据第三段中Compared with Western medicine, which has standardized drug production processes and treatment methods, TCM lacks standardization.可知与西药相比，中药的生产工艺和治疗方法都是标准化的，缺乏标准化。以及第四段中Another reason why TCM prescription drugs have developed slowly is that it lacks creativity.可知中药处方药发展缓慢的另一个原因是缺乏创新。由此可知，设定标准，提高创造力，才能让中医药得到更多国家的认可。故选A。 15. 推理判断题。根据最后一段However, Rome was not built in a day. The current situation cannot be changed within a short time.可知然而，罗马不是一天建成的。当前的形势不可能在短时间内改变。由此可推知，作者对于中药的未来持积极态度。故选D。 16. 细节理解题。根据第二段中Therefore, it is disappointing to know that although 103 world Health Organization member countries have given approval to the practice of acupuncture, not many recognize Chinese herbal medicine.可知因此，令人失望的是，虽然世界卫生组织103个成员国已经批准了针灸，但没有多少国家认可中药。由此可知，西方人认为草药不能保持身体健康。故选D。 【点睛】态度、观点及感受类推理判断题。高考阅读理解题中有些题目考查考生对文章作者的思想、人物性格倾向等方面的理解。对于判断情感态度类题目，考生需要分析段落大意、作者的思路，理解了文章的段落大意、中心思想后，才能判断出作者的情感态度。学会辨别清楚文章的体裁。如第三小题，根据最后一段However, Rome was not built in a day. The current situation cannot be changed within a short time.可知然而，罗马不是一天建成的。当前的形势不可能在短时间内改变。由此可推知，作者对于中药的未来持积极态度。故选D。 Passage 5 (2023•江苏)Creativity is the process of taking an idea and applying it in real life, if we aren’t creative, we can't think outside the box and question what we can do. Asking questions is a good way of sparking creativity. First, we can ask learners questions that have more than one possible answer. In science: “How many ways can you find to empty a glass of water without touching it? ” In any subject:  “What else would you like to know? How do you know that is true? Is there another way of doing this?” Second, we can encourage learners to invent their own questions, We can do this for a topic that students are familiar with in their study. Firstly, discuss what makes a good question Secondly, create questions by grouping questions into different types--open, closed, or one that challenges the imagination. Finally, put those questions in order according to their importance. Our teachers encourage us to ask questions and not accept the standard answers without Reasoning(推理). Our school has some activities annually to inspire creativity in every student. Our teachers encourage us to be creative and think of solutions for real-world problems. On the whole, the freedom of being allowed to be ourselves is what brings out the best in our creativity. 17. What does the underlined word “sparking” mean in the second paragraph? A. questioning B. knowing C. causing D. learning 18. The third paragraph is developed by . A. telling facts B. showing evidence C. expressing an opinion D. giving some examples 19. How many ways does the author mention in inventing questions? A. Two B. Three C. Four D. Five 20. According to the last paragraph, the teachers encourage their students to . A. have some activities with their parents B. take more opportunities to think carefully C. think of solutions to problems in the real world D. accept standard answers provided by their teachers 21. What is the best title of the passage? A. Definition of Creativity B. Problems on Students’ Certainty C. The Meaning of Certainty to Students D. Ways of Developing Students’ Certainty 【答案】17. C 18. D 19. B 20. C 21. D 【知识点】方法/策略、说明文、直接理解、论证方式、标题判断、词义猜测 【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。文章讲述了创造力的重要性和如何培养创造力。 17. 词义猜测题。由第二段Asking questions is a good way of sparking creativity.提出问题是激发创造力的一个好方法。可知，Spark与creativity搭配，译为：激发，与C项causing(激起，引起)意思相近。故选C项。 18. 推理判断题。由第三段In science: “How many ways can you find to empty a glass of water without touching it? "和In any subject “ What else would you like to know? How do you know that is true? Is there another way of doing this?”.可知，作者在本段的论证方式为举例子，一是在自然课上提问如何不接触杯子使杯子变空，二是在其它任何科目上，都可以问“你还想知道什么”、“你知道什么事实”、“还有其他方法吗？”。故选D项。 19. 细节理解题。由第三段First, we can ask learners questions that have more than one possible answer.和第四段Second, we can encourage learners to invent their own questions和第五段Our teachers encourage us to ask questions and not accept the standard answers without Reasoning(推理).可知，作者阐释了提问题的三种方式，分别为有多种答案、鼓励学者自己产生问题、质疑没有推理的标准答案。故选B项。 20. 细节理解题。由第五段Our teachers encourage us to be creative and think of solutions for real-world problems.老师鼓励学生创新并产生处理现实世界很多问题的处理方法，可知老师鼓励学生思考现实世界中问题的解决方案。故选C项。 21. 主旨大意题。由文章开头if we aren’t creative, we can't think outside the box and question what we can do.如果我们没有创造力，我们就不能跳出常规和质疑我们能做的。作者论述创造力的重要性，到第二、三、四、五段论述让学生提出问题的方法可知，本文主要阐述了培养创造力的方法。D项“培养学生创造力的途径”故选D项 高频话题06 语言和文化节日 Passage 1 (2022•江苏南通)There are some 7,000 languages spoken worldwide, each unique, using different sounds, vocabularies and structures. Charles the Great said: “To have a second language is to have a second soul.” This begs the question: Does the language we speak shape who we are? As it turns out, yes. In societies such as the United States or Western Europe, self-expression and language precision are valued. Asian cultures, on the other hand, prefer an indirect form of communication. Words like “perhaps” and “maybe” are used more than “yes” or “no”. Americanism takes an informal approach to communication. Therefore, it’s OK to refer to a stranger or the boss as “you”. However, the Thai language has 12 forms of the same pronoun, choosing one depends on status. In this way, languages are essential in leading any culture, be that our own or otherwise. People who speak different languages notice different things, depending on the constructs of their mother tongue. Take an accident. In English, it’s OK to say: “She broke the glass.” But in a language like Spanish, you’d probably go with: “The glass broke.” The same incident produces two different responses. English speakers will remember who’s at fault, because their language asks them to, while Spanish speakers are more likely to remember it was an accident. This has real consequences, especially when it comes to crime and punishment. Professor Jim Cummins has written extensively on mother tongues. For Cummins, the stronger our home language, the easier it is for us to learn others. Of course, research also shows that being bilingual gives people many advantages in life. Linguist Julien Leyre writes that learning another language develops our ability to “understand the mental world of another person, based on the language they use, and how that world is different from our own.” Our mother tongue is central to how we think, what we know and who we are. Like us, languages are living things that change over time and must be cared for to survive. By doing so, we protect not just the linguistic structures or vocabularies we use, but the culture, knowledge and power behind them. 1. Why does the author mention “Americanism” and “the Thai language” in Paragraph 2? A. To tell the cultural differences between them. B. To indicate a language is a guide to a culture. C. To stress American expressions are informal. D. To reveal a language is associated with status. 2. How will English speakers’ react to an accident? A. They will seek blame. B. They will punish others. C. They will avoid responsibility. D. They will draw a lesson from it. 3. What does Julien Leyre think about bilinguals? A. They enjoy a more colorful life. B. They can remain mentally healthy. C. They find it easier to learn a language. D. They can gain insight into others’ minds. 4. Which one can be the best title for the text? A. How do languages differ? B. Will your language be extinct? C. Why does our mother tongue matter? D. Should we speak a second language? 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. D 4. C 【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了我们的母语是很重要的原因。 1. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Americanism takes an informal approach to communication. Therefore, it’s OK to refer to a stranger or the boss as “you”. However, the Thai language has 12 forms of the same pronoun, choosing one depends on status. In this way, languages are essential in leading any culture, be that our own or otherwise.(美国主义采取非正式的方式进行交流。因此，称呼陌生人或老板为“你”是可以的。然而，泰语有12种形式的同一个代词，要根据地位来选择一个。这样，语言在领导任何文化中都是必不可少的，不管是我们自己的文化还是其他的文化。)”可推知，作者在第二段提到“美国主义”和“泰语”是为了表明语言领导文化。故选B。 2. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“In English, it’s OK to say: “She broke the glass.” But in a language like Spanish, you’d probably go with: “The glass broke.” The same incident produces two different responses. English speakers will remember who’s at fault, because their language asks them to, while Spanish speakers are more likely to remember it was an accident. (在英语中，可以说: “她打破了玻璃。”但在西班牙语这样的语言中，你可能会说: “玻璃碎了。”同样的事件会产生两种不同的反应。说英语的人会记住谁错了，因为他们的语言要求他们这样做，而说西班牙语的人更可能记住这是一个意外。)”可知，说英语的人对意外事件会追究责任，故选A。 3. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Linguist Julien Leyre writes that learning another language develops our ability to “understand the mental world of another person, based on the language they use, and how that world is different from our own.”(语言学家 Julien Leyre 写道，学习另一种语言可以发展我们“理解他人精神世界的能力，这是基于他们使用的语言，以及理解那个语言的世界与我们自己的世界是如何不同。”)”可知，Julien Leyre认为双语者可以理解他人的精神世界，由此可推知，Julien Leyre认为双语者可以洞察别人的思想。故选D。 4. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“This begs the question: Does the language we speak shape who we are? As it turns out, yes.(这就引出了一个问题: 我们所说的语言是否决定了我们是谁？事实证明，是的。)”，第二段中“In this way, languages are essential in leading any culture, be that our own or otherwise.(这样，语言在领导任何文化中都是必不可少的，不管是我们自己的文化还是其他的文化。)”，第三段中“People who speak different languages notice different things, depending on the constructs of their mother tongue.(说不同语言的人会注意到不同的事情，这取决于他们母语的结构。)”，倒数第二段中“ For Cummins, the stronger our home language, the easier it is for us to learn others.(对康明斯来说，我们的母语越强，我们学习其他语言就越容易。)”，以及最后$$