05 阅读理解·单选（考点精讲）-【中职专用】2025年对口招生英语二轮复习专项突破（湖南专用）

05阅读理解·单选 【考纲解读】 从湖南省对口高考近几年的阅读理解情况看，短文体裁多样，题材各异，文章涉及科学知识、社会文化、政治历史、人文环境和日常生活等方面，充分体现其时代性、实用性。短文难度逐年加大。常见题型有主旨题、细节题、推断题、猜测词义题和正误判断题。 1.主旨大意题 主旨题主要考查学生对短文中心思想或作者意图的掌握。做此类题时，应通读全文，理解文章大意，充分理解主题句的意义。短文往往围绕主题句展开，主题句通常出现在短文第一句或最后一句。 2. 细节理解题 细节题是用来进一步表达主题，体现中心思想的，往往针对短文某个细节来设题。做此类题时，应快速捕捉信息，可能是一些事例、数字等，阅读时要有针对性。 3. 推理判断题 推断题就是根据某个事实推断结论，主要考查学生的理解力和推断力。这类推断通常包括：数据事实推断、常识推断以及作者的写作目的、态度和倾向等的推断。做此类题时，应根据短文中的相关语句，对与事实有关的细节加以分析，找出线索，悟出字里行间的意思，反复比较，从而作出合乎逻辑的判断。 4. 猜测词义题 猜测词义题主要考查学生根据上下文正确判断灵活变化的词义能力。一般情况下，推断词义的题目中所出现的单词，大多数是学生未曾见过的生词，学生需要在该词出现的上下文中去寻找线索。通过阅读上下文，断定该词的真正含义，然后将这个释义代入文中，检查是否贴切，仔细比较直到得出该词的确切的含义。 阅读理解题主要是考查学生综合运用所学语言知识的能力，包括细节理解能力、词义判断能力、归纳概括能力及逻辑推理能力等。大致来说，阅读理解题主要针对如下方面： （1） 个别词语或句子； （2）某一细节或情节； （3）主题； （4）背景知识； （5）结论或结局； （6） 内涵隐意或寓意等。 做阅读理解练习应先看问题，弄清考点。在阅读短文之前，快速浏览问题，以便在阅读短文时做到心中有数，快速、准确地捕捉所要信息。先易后难。做题时不必拘泥于书中所呈现的语篇顺序，应遵循先易后难的原则。如可先做细节题再做推断题，因为细节题大多能直接从文中找到答案，而推断题则需对短文进行深层理解，再作判断。 【考点精讲】 阅读选择的考查方式基本包括细节信息题、推理判断题、词/句义猜测题和主旨大意题这四类题型。考查考生通过阅读获取书面信息的能力，包括综合理解能力以及推断和总结概括的能力。 1. 细节信息题 （1）出题规律 常用 wh-/ how 等特殊疑问词提问文章具体信息 e.g. What did the father expect Galileo to be? 题干中具体信息挖空 e.g. Some people order the most expensive dishes on a menu because . （2）解题技巧 找：阅读题干，找关键词 定：返回文中，精确定位 得：对比选项，得出答案 关键词特征 1.特殊词：数词、专有名词、连字符词、引号词、概念词； 2.普通名词（短语）：优先选易成为句子主干的名词短语； 3.动词短语：原词或同义替换词； 4.特殊必选词：形容词的比较级和最高级、情态动词、动词的特殊时态表达。 定位处特征 定位处与题干重合度高（相同或同义替换）。 注意 1.精读原句，不要进行任何推理，直接比对选项得答案； 2.如果命题句看不懂，则根据最近的上下句理解。 【例1】Galileo Galilei was born in 1564. He was born in the town of Pisa, in what is now Italy. When he was 20 years old, he was studying in Pisa．Galileo was bored with school. The only subject he really liked was math. Because he was doing well in math, the court mathematician (数学家) offered to teach him privately. He said Galileo could become an excellent mathematician. However, Galileo’s father wanted him to be a doctor. What did the father expect Galileo to be? A.A doctor. B.A teacher. C.An inventor. D.A mathematician. 【例2】Food choices have little to do with hunger. You may eat what your friends eat. You may use food to identify yourself as a member of a group. Some people order the most expensive dishes on a menu, just to show that they can afford them. Expensive food, like an expensive car, can help to make some people feel important. Low-cost menu choices may be just as good dishes. Some people order the most expensive dishes on a menu because . A.there are no cheap ones B.expensive dishes are popular C.they want to show they are rich D.they want to treat their friends better 2. 推理判断题 主要考查的是考生根据文章所述内容进行推理和判断的能力。主要包括细节推理、作者 态度、文章出处三类。 （1）细节推理 出题规律 ① It is implied (暗示、意味着) in paragraph x... ② What can be inferred (推断、推论) from paragraph x. ③ What does ... suggest (暗示)/ show? ④ What do we know about/ can we know from…? 解题技巧 ① 找：阅读题干，找关键词 ② 定：返回文中，精确定位 ③ 得：对比选项，得出答案 注意事项 ① no推 no die，最佳答案往往是原文信息的同义转述； ② 有时需要挖掘文中隐藏的重要线索，尤其是代词指代和逻辑关系（因果、转折、让步、 否定、对比等）； ③ 错误答案往往与原文相关，符合常识，但原文并未出现；或者过度推理，无中生有。 【例】Over the next few months, White created a piece of warning equipment called“Guardian”. Fixed on treetops, Guardians can pick up the sound of cutting machine from as far as two thirds of a mile away. When a Guardian catches a sound of cutting trees, it sends an alarm to forest guards, indicating where the sound is coming from. The guards then set off to stop the illegal activity.“If you respond in time, there’s a chance that you can stop much of the treecutting,”White said. What can be inferred about Guardians? A .They can locate the tree cutting site. B.They help White make much money. C.They produce noise to stop tree cutting. D.They drive away wildlife from treetops. （2）作者态度 出题规律 ① The author’s attitude towards…is that .【作者态度】 ② Which of the following best describes the author ’s attitude towards…?【作者态度】 ③ From the text, we can see that the writer seems .【作者观点】 ④ From Paragraph 1, we know that the author .【作者观点】 解题技巧 ① 搞清楚题干中 who to what； ② 优先找直接表态的句子； ③ 找表情感态度的词； ④ 借助褒贬义词解题； ⑤ 有时只需判断某人的大致方向态度即可解题。 常见表现方式 ① 强转折，问号 ② 形容词：good, fortunate ③ 副词：luckily ④ 否定词 ：unfortunate (un-/ dis-/ in-/ im-/ il-/ ir-/ -less)/ no/ not/ hardly/ few/ little ⑤ 方向词：lose/ fail/ reduce/ increase/ rise 【例】Nowadays more and more people stop using plastic straws (吸管). The waste created by plastic straws is unbelievable. In the United States alone, 500 million straws are thrown away every day. That’s enough straws to wrap around the earth 2.5 times each day. 【para.1】 From Paragraph 1, we know that the author . A.expects Americans to stop using plastic straws B.wants to show how serious the problem is C.plans to wrap the earth with straws D.cares little about plastic pollution （3）文章出处 出题规律 ① In which section of a newspaper may this passage appear? ② In which section of a newspaper can we probably find this passage? ② The passage is probably taken from a magazine about . ④ You may find the article in . ⑤ Where do we probably read the passage? 解题技巧 ① 文章话题——文中反复出现的高频实词 ② 文章主旨——首尾段、中间段首尾句 ② 文章文体特征 【例】Eating is usually a group activity. Different groups develop their own food preferences (偏好). We can even tell which group of people a person belongs to from his food choice. And these food choices are passed on from parents to their children. When the children grow up, they feel most comfortable with the food they have in their own homes. Food choices have little to do with hunger. You may eat what your friends eat. You may use food to identify yourself as a member of a group. Some people order the most expensive dishes on a menu, just to show that they can afford them. Expensive food, like an expensive car, can help to make some people feel important. Low-cost menu choices may be just as good dishes. Your feelings and your appetite work together. You may overeat when you are worried or lonely.People sometimes eat when they feel unsafe or think that no one likes them or they may eat to calm themselves. Feeling may also cause under-eating. People who feel sad may eat very little. They regard themselves as heavier than they really are or they think being thin is beautiful. Many people worry so much about being too heavy that they don’t eat enough. They may become weak or even sick from not having enough food. In which section of a newspaper may this passage appear? A ．Technology. B ．Life. C ．Entertainment. D ．Science. 3.词/句义猜测题 考查的是考生联系上下文解释文中某个词、短语或句子（可能有下划线，也可能没有） 的能力。词义/句义猜测题主要有三个考查角度：代词指代、词义猜测和句义猜测。在解答这类题目时，考生必须在读懂句子本身意思的基础上，结合上下文，判断其在文中的意义。 （1）出题规律 ①The underlined“xxx”is closest in meaning to . ②The word“xxx”in the passage probably means . ③The underlined“xxx”refers to . ④The underlined“xxx”means . ⑤The underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 means . （2）解题技巧 利用上下文推测词义； 返回原文找出原词，寻找特殊标点、定语从句、举例处、转折处、定义处、并列论据处等同义替换关系； 答案往往不出现于生词所在的句子中，而是出现在这个句子的上一句或下一句中；注意代词指代（被指代的对象一般出现在代词所在句的前一两句中）。 【例1】“She comes when I call.She has never left me,not even during the river floods,”the man said,“She used to be more vigorous,but she has grown old now.If she dies,I will make her a nice grave here.” What does the underlined word“vigorous”in the last paragraph mean? A．powerful B．energetic C．friendly D．beautiful 【例2】At fourteen,I was hit by a car and the doctors said I would never walk again.Every day,my mother spoke to me,telling me that no matter what those doctors said,I could walk again if I wanted badly enough.She drove that message so deep into my heart that I finally believed her. A year later,I returned to school—walking on my own! What does“that message”refer to in Paragraph 3? A．I could return to school. B．I would never walk again. C．I should always believe her. D．I could walk again if I wanted to. 【例3】The form of energy we use must is electricity,and every day more is needed.But electricity also has to be made,and to make it,huge quantities of fuel are required—oil,coal,gas and so on.The question which worries everyone today is:how long will these fuels last?Nobody knows for sure,but most experts think it will soon be difficult to get enough electricity from these sources.It is possible that the sun can make a contribution here,too. The underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 means that the sun may provide us with. A．enough fuels B．enough steam C．enough oil D．enough electricity 4.主旨大意题 主要考查考生对于文章大意或文章中心思想的把握和归纳能力，主要涉及的考查角度包 括段落大意题、全文大意题（文章标题题）等。 （1）出题规律 ①What is the xxx paragraph mainly about?【段落主旨】 ②What is the main purpose/focus/theme/topic of this passage?【文章主旨】 ③The general idea of the passage is .【文章主旨】 ④The passage is mainly about...【文章主旨】 ⑤The best title of the passage could be...【文章主旨】 ⑥In this passage,the author mainly discusses .【文章主旨】 ⑦The passage mainly deals with .【文章主旨】 （2）解题技巧 文章角度 ①通过首尾段、首尾句段判断中心 ②注意设问、特殊符号处 ③围绕转折判断中心：but,however,yet(句首),in fact,unfortunately,instead(of)… ④文章中反复出现的表达 题干角度（题干中反复出现的表达） 【例1】Your life depends on heat.In fact,every living thing depends on it.Without heat every living thing would be frozen to death.All living things get their heat from the sun,which provides the conditions in which life is possible. What’s the main idea of Paragraph 2? A．Life is better without heat. B．Life is impossible without heat. C．Life is better if there is more heat. D．Life is impossible in the cold season. 【例2】The word“hot”usually means“having a lot of heat”.Many people think that“cold” is something completely separated from heat.But this is not true.“Cold”simply means“having a little heat”.Your life depends on heat.In fact,every living thing depends on it.Without heat every living thing would be frozen to death.All living things get their heat from the sun,which provides the conditions in which life is possible.Since the very beginning of history,man has been able to make his own heat.He has been able to release the sun’s heat that is hidden in things such as wood,coal and oil.And he has been able to use this heat. Heat has made civilization(文明)possible.With heat,man could melt metals.As man learned to use metals and fuels,industries grew.As a result,engines were invented.These are machines that change heat energy into mechanical energy.Engines can do the work of many men.Without engines,industrial civilization is impossible.Yet although the first engines were built in the 17th century,men were still wondering about the nature of heat.“What is it?”they asked.Not until the early years of the 19th century did they find the right answer. What is the best title of the passage? A．Industrial Civilization. B．The Form of Heat. C．Hot and Cold. D．Nature of Heat. 解题技巧 根据阅读理解题的题型特点，来谈一些答题技巧： 1、直接理解题 这种题目比较简单，只要通读全文，了解文中所叙述的重要事实或细节就可以解答出来，有的甚至可以从文章的原句中直接找到答案。此类题目的出题形式很多，例如： （1）Which of the following statements is true ／ false? （2）Which of the following is（not）mentioned? （3）How many ／ How much ／ Where ／ How ／ What……? （4）What does the writer think about? （5）Which is the right order of the events given in thepassage? 要快速辨认和记忆事实或细节，就需要恰当地使用查阅的方法。查阅是读者在对材料有所了解的情况下进行的，它的特点是带着问题去寻找答案，往往与略读综合使用，具体方法与步骤如下： （1）略读材料，了解原文大意，掌握其中心意思或主旨。 （2）按文章的体裁、作者写作的组织模式及有关信息词，如for example，first，second……预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实。 （3）将自己的精力放在寻找所需要的细节上，快速通篇阅读，眼睛自左至右、自下而上呈Z形扫视，待找到含有相关细节的句子时，就要放慢速度，仔细核对，比较内容，直至找到答案。 2、语义理解题 在阅读中，我们经常会遇到一些生词，需要根据上下文猜测它们的意思。此类问题考查学生紧扣原文，根据上下文语境判断单词、词语或短句意义的能力。常见的题型有：直接对生词进行解释；对多义词或短语在文章具体语言环境中的意义作出准确判断；对英语中的一些格言或谚语进行解释；对文中一些代词的指代对象作出界定等。这种题型常见的设题方式如下： （1）The underlined word（phrase）in the passage means______. （2）The word“it/them”in the first paragraph refers to______. （3）The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means____. （4）What does the underlined word“…”refer to______. （5）By … the writer means______. 在做此类题时，考生应紧扣原文，根据上下文语境进行判断，切不要望文生义或断章取义，也不能只选择自己熟悉的意思。猜测词义的常见方法有： （1）根据构词法猜测词义； （2）根据上下文猜测词义； （3）根据定义或解释猜测词义； （4）根据同义词、反义词以及对比关系猜测词义； （5）根据生活常识猜测词义。 3、逻辑推理题 推理判断试题属于深层阅读理解题。它要求考生尽量考虑文中全部信息或事实，在通篇理解文章的基础上，严格按照作者提供的信息推断出作者的言外之意。这种题型常见的设题方式有： （1）From the text，it can be inferred that______. （2）The passage suggests that______. （3）Which of the following best describes______. （4）The writer’s attitude towards…is______. （5）From the text，we learn that______. 这种题目有一定难度，解答时必须根据上下文及相互间的关系或对整篇文章进行深层理解后，才能找到答案。有时甚至还得联系作者的意图、态度等文外之意加以推理。解此类题目可从以下几方面入手： （1）根据常识判断。即解题时，除弄清文意外，还需借助生活常识、风土人情、传说掌故、名人轶事等进行判断。 （2）根据知识判断。即解题时，运用一些一般性知识，如天文、地理、文学、艺术、科技等自然科学和社会科学知识。 （3）根据计算判断。即解题时，运用一些数学知识进行和差、面积、体积、速度等方面的运算。 （4）根据情节判断。即解题时，从情节所提供的基本事实出发，寻找一定规律，如时间关系、条件关系、因果关系、比较关系、转折关系等作为推理根据。这种题目最容易出现，考生要从时间、地点、事件的情节安排与发展中，深入探讨其逻辑关系及隐喻、引申等因素。 4、归纳总结题 这种题型要求学生在理解全文的基础上，对文章进行归纳、概括或评价。解这种题目时，不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义，如涉及文章的标题（title）、主题（main idea）、结论（conclusion）、结局（end）等有关问题，都需要在细读全文的基础上，结合所学语言知识进行逻辑思维、推理、判断，从而获取文章中的内在信息。常见的设题方式有： （1）The general idea of the passage is about______. （2）The main idea of the article is______. （3）The main purpose of this selection is______. （4）The passage suggests that______. （5）Which of the following best states the theme of thepassage? 具体解题时，应注意一些技巧： （1）首先看短文的开头和结尾，确定短文题材，预测其内容。每段的第一句话往往会提供重要信息，可以帮助我们搜索各段落乃至整篇文章的大意。 （2）速读全文，整体理解短文大意，抓住关键词语，弄清文章的主旨。 （3）根据已知短文内容，着手解题。可先将文后的选择题看一下，然后带着问题再去阅读。这样做，一方面有助于对文章进一步理解，另一方面可以有针对性地从文章中寻找答案。 （4）迅速复读全文，检查自己的理解是否正确，所选答案是否前后矛盾。通过全面考虑，最后确定答案。 【真题练手】 A Welcome to Write the World We’re a community of young writers (ages13-18) from over 120 countries. Join us, and see your writing improve as you find your own voice. Enter competitions to receive feedback from authors, writing teachers, and other experts in the field. Writing is a social act. Share your work with a global community, and exchange feedback with writers from all over the world. Each month Write the World holds a new writing competition with various themes, such as poetry, sports reports, or fiction. The competitions encourage you to dig deeper into the writing process, try out writing skills and share your work with a sea of eager readers. And because a first draft is never perfect, you have the chance to receive peer (同龄人) and expert feedback before handing in your final piece. What’s different about Write the World competitions? ●Free Entry and Cash Prizes: The winning one receives $100, and the runner-up (亚军) and the best peer reviewer receive $50. ●Professional Recognition: All three winners will appear on our blog, with comments from our guest judges. ●Expert Review: Hand in a draft in the first week and get feedback from our team of experts — authors, writing teachers, and education professionals. ●Guest Judges: From well-known poets to the President’s speech writers-our monthly competitions are judged by famous and respected writers from across the globe. For further details: Visit writertheworld.com 41. What is Write the World? A. A writing course. B. A writing guide. C. A writing competition. D. A writing organization. 42. What are you encouraged to do if you join in the competitions? A. Write an article every week. B. Explore the process of writing. C. Comment on others’ writing skills. D. Share your work with your classmates. 43. What is special about the competitions? A. The president is among the guest judges. B. Only one winner will appear on the blog. C. All the works will receive expert feedback. D. The writers have to pay a little for the competitions. 44. If you get second place in the competitions, you’ll ________. A. be awarded $ 50 B. be awarded $ 100 C. become a guest judge D. become a peer reviewer 45. Who are the most likely target readers of the passage? A. Teen students. B. Well-known poets. C. Professional writers. D. High school teachers. B As an English saying goes, “Laughter is the best medicine.” In these troubling times, good humour is in need more than ever. Doctors and medical staff are taking heed of this and making it part of their care treatments. One product of this is the appearance of clown doctors and healthcare clowns, in hospitals around the globe. There is even an organization that sets standards-the European Federation of Healthcare Clowns Organizations was established in 2011. It says: “Healthcare clowns bring moments of happiness to children who are ill or who have special needs and take their mind off their illness. Clowns also bring smiles to weak adults, including seniors and people with brain disease who are in hospital care.” Healthcare clowns are becoming especially popular in Israel, which is considered a world leader in the field. The first university ever to offer a bachelor’s degree (学士学位) in medical clowning was Haifa University, in 2007. One healthcare clown in Jerusalem, Leah Weiss, decided to take advantage of her inner clown to help patients after a COVID-19 ward (病室) opened in March. She said she knew the clown in her would have curing benefits for her patients. She wants to reduce their anxiety (焦虑) and improve their wellbeing. She enjoys working alongside doctors and said: “Obviously, the doctors, they take care of the body. And we come in and take care of the soul. And it becomes a whole and works together — the doctors understand this.” 46. Which of the following can be used to replace the underlined phrase “taking heed of”? A. Looking up to. B. Making up for. C. Paying attention to. D. Getting away from. 47. Some hospitals employ clowns because ________. A. they are well educated B. they are easy to find C. they make people happy D. they have medical knowledge 48. What can we know about Leah Weiss? A. She is seriously ill. B. She is a loving person. C. She has special needs. D. She has a bachelor’s degree. 49. What is the benefit of having clowns in hospitals? A. It reduces medical expenses. B. It makes hospitals organized. C. It helps with patients’ recovery. D. It decreases the anxiety of doctors. 50. What is the passage mainly about? A. A new care treatment. B. A useful traditional medicine. C. An effective cure for COVID-19. D. A detailed introduction to clowns. C The FIFA World Cup came to an end in December 2022. But the love for soccer is still very much alive and well in Zibo, Shandong Province. Zibo is called “the home of soccer ball”. It’s the birthplace of the ancient Chinese sport of cuju. In 2004, cuju won the recognition of FIFA — soccer’s governing body — as the earliest form of soccer. The Chinese character cu means to kick. Ju means an ancient type of leather ball. It has feathers (羽毛) or grain chaff (谷糠) inside. The ancient Chinese historical text Zhan Guo Ce says cuju was a form of amusement among common people. But during the Han Dynasty, soldiers played cuju for army training. During the Tang Dynasty, women played cuju at the royal court (朝廷) for the amusement of the emperors. It entered the golden age in the Song Dynasty when it became popular among every class. Yet, the 2,000-year-old game slowly got out of people’s lives during the Ming Dynasty. Li Weipeng, 34, from Linzi district of Zibo city, is a seventh-generation inheritor (传承人) of cuju. He has been practicing cuju skills for 18 years. Mastering different cuju skills is not easy. “At the beginning, I spent eight hours a day practicing juggling (颠球) a ball. It was tiring,” Li told China Daily. He now can juggle a ball with his foot over 10,000 times in a row. Teaching students cuju moves is a part of Li’s job. The traditional Chinese sport cuju is now popular at primary and middle schools in Linzi. “Students show great interest in playing cuju. It encourages me to promote the ancient sport,” Li said. 51. Why is Zibo called “the home of soccer ball”? A. Because cuju was born there. B. Because people there love soccer. C. Because there is a branch of FIFA. D. Because modern soccer began there. 52. What is the main idea of Paragraph 2? A. The way of making cuju. B. The development of cuju. C. The value of cuju to the world. D. The popularity of cuju among the Chinese. 53. In the Ming Dynasty, cuju _______. A. was used to train soldiers B. was enjoyed by the emperors C. became popular among women D. slowly disappeared in people’s lives 54. Which of the following is true about Li Weipeng? A. He is the only inheritor of cuju. B. He thinks it easy to learn cuju skills. C. He now practises cuju eight hours a day. D. He passes down cuju skills to the younger generation. 55. What the best title for the passage? A. Zibo — a city of soccer fans B. Cuju — its yesterday and today C. Soccer — a popular sport in China D. Li Weipeng — a devoted instructor of cuju 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 05阅读理解·单选 【考纲解读】 从湖南省对口高考近几年的阅读理解情况看，短文体裁多样，题材各异，文章涉及科学知识、社会文化、政治历史、人文环境和日常生活等方面，充分体现其时代性、实用性。短文难度逐年加大。常见题型有主旨题、细节题、推断题、猜测词义题和正误判断题。 1.主旨大意题 主旨题主要考查学生对短文中心思想或作者意图的掌握。做此类题时，应通读全文，理解文章大意，充分理解主题句的意义。短文往往围绕主题句展开，主题句通常出现在短文第一句或最后一句。 2. 细节理解题 细节题是用来进一步表达主题，体现中心思想的，往往针对短文某个细节来设题。做此类题时，应快速捕捉信息，可能是一些事例、数字等，阅读时要有针对性。 3. 推理判断题 推断题就是根据某个事实推断结论，主要考查学生的理解力和推断力。这类推断通常包括：数据事实推断、常识推断以及作者的写作目的、态度和倾向等的推断。做此类题时，应根据短文中的相关语句，对与事实有关的细节加以分析，找出线索，悟出字里行间的意思，反复比较，从而作出合乎逻辑的判断。 4. 猜测词义题 猜测词义题主要考查学生根据上下文正确判断灵活变化的词义能力。一般情况下，推断词义的题目中所出现的单词，大多数是学生未曾见过的生词，学生需要在该词出现的上下文中去寻找线索。通过阅读上下文，断定该词的真正含义，然后将这个释义代入文中，检查是否贴切，仔细比较直到得出该词的确切的含义。 阅读理解题主要是考查学生综合运用所学语言知识的能力，包括细节理解能力、词义判断能力、归纳概括能力及逻辑推理能力等。大致来说，阅读理解题主要针对如下方面： （1） 个别词语或句子； （2）某一细节或情节； （3）主题； （4）背景知识； （5）结论或结局； （6） 内涵隐意或寓意等。 做阅读理解练习应先看问题，弄清考点。在阅读短文之前，快速浏览问题，以便在阅读短文时做到心中有数，快速、准确地捕捉所要信息。先易后难。做题时不必拘泥于书中所呈现的语篇顺序，应遵循先易后难的原则。如可先做细节题再做推断题，因为细节题大多能直接从文中找到答案，而推断题则需对短文进行深层理解，再作判断。 【考点精讲】 阅读选择的考查方式基本包括细节信息题、推理判断题、词/句义猜测题和主旨大意题这四类题型。考查考生通过阅读获取书面信息的能力，包括综合理解能力以及推断和总结概括的能力。 1. 细节信息题 （1）出题规律 常用 wh-/ how 等特殊疑问词提问文章具体信息 e.g. What did the father expect Galileo to be? 题干中具体信息挖空 e.g. Some people order the most expensive dishes on a menu because . （2）解题技巧 找：阅读题干，找关键词 定：返回文中，精确定位 得：对比选项，得出答案 关键词特征 1.特殊词：数词、专有名词、连字符词、引号词、概念词； 2.普通名词（短语）：优先选易成为句子主干的名词短语； 3.动词短语：原词或同义替换词； 4.特殊必选词：形容词的比较级和最高级、情态动词、动词的特殊时态表达。 定位处特征 定位处与题干重合度高（相同或同义替换）。 注意 1.精读原句，不要进行任何推理，直接比对选项得答案； 2.如果命题句看不懂，则根据最近的上下句理解。 【例1】Galileo Galilei was born in 1564. He was born in the town of Pisa, in what is now Italy. When he was 20 years old, he was studying in Pisa．Galileo was bored with school. The only subject he really liked was math. Because he was doing well in math, the court mathematician (数学家) offered to teach him privately. He said Galileo could become an excellent mathematician. However, Galileo’s father wanted him to be a doctor. What did the father expect Galileo to be? A.A doctor. B.A teacher. C.An inventor. D.A mathematician. 【解析】A。通过阅读题干可知，题干问的是：父亲希望伽利略成为什么？根据题干中的 father一词定位到最后1句话“Galileo’s father wanted him to be a doctor. ”，由此可知，伽利略的父亲想让他成为一名医生。 【例2】Food choices have little to do with hunger. You may eat what your friends eat. You may use food to identify yourself as a member of a group. Some people order the most expensive dishes on a menu, just to show that they can afford them. Expensive food, like an expensive car, can help to make some people feel important. Low-cost menu choices may be just as good dishes. Some people order the most expensive dishes on a menu because . A.there are no cheap ones B.expensive dishes are popular C.they want to show they are rich D.they want to treat their friends better 【解析】C。根据题干可定位到第 4 句，原因体现在后半句just to show that they can afford them（只是为了显示他们能够买得起）中。C 项（他们想要展示他们有钱）就是对原文表达的同义转述。 2. 推理判断题 主要考查的是考生根据文章所述内容进行推理和判断的能力。主要包括细节推理、作者 态度、文章出处三类。 （1）细节推理 出题规律 ① It is implied (暗示、意味着) in paragraph x... ② What can be inferred (推断、推论) from paragraph x. ③ What does ... suggest (暗示)/ show? ④ What do we know about/ can we know from…? 解题技巧 ① 找：阅读题干，找关键词 ② 定：返回文中，精确定位 ③ 得：对比选项，得出答案 注意事项 ① no推 no die，最佳答案往往是原文信息的同义转述； ② 有时需要挖掘文中隐藏的重要线索，尤其是代词指代和逻辑关系（因果、转折、让步、 否定、对比等）； ③ 错误答案往往与原文相关，符合常识，但原文并未出现；或者过度推理，无中生有。 【例】Over the next few months, White created a piece of warning equipment called“Guardian”. Fixed on treetops, Guardians can pick up the sound of cutting machine from as far as two thirds of a mile away. When a Guardian catches a sound of cutting trees, it sends an alarm to forest guards, indicating where the sound is coming from. The guards then set off to stop the illegal activity.“If you respond in time, there’s a chance that you can stop much of the treecutting,”White said. What can be inferred about Guardians? A .They can locate the tree cutting site. B.They help White make much money. C.They produce noise to stop tree cutting. D.They drive away wildlife from treetops. 【解析】A。题干问的是：关于 Guardians这一设备能够推断出什么？通读本段内容可 知，Guardians能够收集从很远的地方传来的砍树机运作时发出的声音，当Guardians收集到 砍树的声音后它便会向森林保护者们发出警报，告诉他们声音是从哪来的。这样森林保护者们就能够及时出发并制止砍树等非法活动的发生。由此可以推断 Guardians 是能够确定砍伐树木的位置的，故 A 项是正确答案。 （2）作者态度 出题规律 ① The author’s attitude towards…is that .【作者态度】 ② Which of the following best describes the author ’s attitude towards…?【作者态度】 ③ From the text, we can see that the writer seems .【作者观点】 ④ From Paragraph 1, we know that the author .【作者观点】 解题技巧 ① 搞清楚题干中 who to what； ② 优先找直接表态的句子； ③ 找表情感态度的词； ④ 借助褒贬义词解题； ⑤ 有时只需判断某人的大致方向态度即可解题。 常见表现方式 ① 强转折，问号 ② 形容词：good, fortunate ③ 副词：luckily ④ 否定词 ：unfortunate (un-/ dis-/ in-/ im-/ il-/ ir-/ -less)/ no/ not/ hardly/ few/ little ⑤ 方向词：lose/ fail/ reduce/ increase/ rise 【例】Nowadays more and more people stop using plastic straws (吸管). The waste created by plastic straws is unbelievable. In the United States alone, 500 million straws are thrown away every day. That’s enough straws to wrap around the earth 2.5 times each day. 【para.1】 From Paragraph 1, we know that the author . A.expects Americans to stop using plastic straws B.wants to show how serious the problem is C.plans to wrap the earth with straws D.cares little about plastic pollution 【解析】B。在解答这类题目时一定要特别注意作者的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词。针对本段内容，可以发现作者在描述塑料吸管造成的浪费时所用的形容词是unbelievable（难以置信的）。由此可以推断作者认为塑料吸管造成的污染是非常严重的，他希望人们认识到这一点，故B项是正确答案。 （3）文章出处 出题规律 ① In which section of a newspaper may this passage appear? ② In which section of a newspaper can we probably find this passage? ② The passage is probably taken from a magazine about . ④ You may find the article in . ⑤ Where do we probably read the passage? 解题技巧 ① 文章话题——文中反复出现的高频实词 ② 文章主旨——首尾段、中间段首尾句 ② 文章文体特征 【例】Eating is usually a group activity. Different groups develop their own food preferences (偏好). We can even tell which group of people a person belongs to from his food choice. And these food choices are passed on from parents to their children. When the children grow up, they feel most comfortable with the food they have in their own homes. Food choices have little to do with hunger. You may eat what your friends eat. You may use food to identify yourself as a member of a group. Some people order the most expensive dishes on a menu, just to show that they can afford them. Expensive food, like an expensive car, can help to make some people feel important. Low-cost menu choices may be just as good dishes. Your feelings and your appetite work together. You may overeat when you are worried or lonely.People sometimes eat when they feel unsafe or think that no one likes them or they may eat to calm themselves. Feeling may also cause under-eating. People who feel sad may eat very little. They regard themselves as heavier than they really are or they think being thin is beautiful. Many people worry so much about being too heavy that they don’t eat enough. They may become weak or even sick from not having enough food. In which section of a newspaper may this passage appear? A ．Technology. B ．Life. C ．Entertainment. D ．Science. 【解析】B。通读这两段内容，考生会发现文章中多次出现 food 一词，由此判断全文内 容都与饮食相关。饮食属于生活的一部分，所以可以推断这篇文章选自报纸的 Life（生活）栏目，故 B 项是正确答案。 3.词/句义猜测题 考查的是考生联系上下文解释文中某个词、短语或句子（可能有下划线，也可能没有） 的能力。词义/句义猜测题主要有三个考查角度：代词指代、词义猜测和句义猜测。在解答这类题目时，考生必须在读懂句子本身意思的基础上，结合上下文，判断其在文中的意义。 （1）出题规律 ①The underlined“xxx”is closest in meaning to . ②The word“xxx”in the passage probably means . ③The underlined“xxx”refers to . ④The underlined“xxx”means . ⑤The underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 means . （2）解题技巧 利用上下文推测词义； 返回原文找出原词，寻找特殊标点、定语从句、举例处、转折处、定义处、并列论据处等同义替换关系； 答案往往不出现于生词所在的句子中，而是出现在这个句子的上一句或下一句中；注意代词指代（被指代的对象一般出现在代词所在句的前一两句中）。 【例1】“She comes when I call.She has never left me,not even during the river floods,”the man said,“She used to be more vigorous,but she has grown old now.If she dies,I will make her a nice grave here.” What does the underlined word“vigorous”in the last paragraph mean? A．powerful B．energetic C．friendly D．beautiful 【解析】B。画线词所在句的句义为：她以前更vigorous，但现在已经老了。根据but 可知，vigorous与old的意义应该相反，由此可推出，vigorous意为“充满活力的”。powerful 意为“有力量的”；energetic意为“有活力的”；friendly意为“友好的”；beautiful意为“美丽的”。故B项为正确答案。 【例2】At fourteen,I was hit by a car and the doctors said I would never walk again.Every day,my mother spoke to me,telling me that no matter what those doctors said,I could walk again if I wanted badly enough.She drove that message so deep into my heart that I finally believed her. A year later,I returned to school—walking on my own! What does“that message”refer to in Paragraph 3? A．I could return to school. B．I would never walk again. C．I should always believe her. D．I could walk again if I wanted to. 【解析】D。根据题干关键词that message定位到第三段，根据前一句Every day,my mother spoke to me in her gentle,loving voice,telling me that no matter what those doctors said,I could walk again if I wanted badly enough.（每天，母亲都用她温柔、慈爱的声音跟我说话，告诉我不管医生怎么说，只要我非常想，我就能再走路了），由此可知that message指的是妈妈传达给我的“只要我想，我就又能走了”，故选D。A项“我可以回学校了”、B项“我再也不能走路了”、C项“我应该永远相信她”均与题意不符。 【例3】The form of energy we use must is electricity,and every day more is needed.But electricity also has to be made,and to make it,huge quantities of fuel are required—oil,coal,gas and so on.The question which worries everyone today is:how long will these fuels last?Nobody knows for sure,but most experts think it will soon be difficult to get enough electricity from these sources.It is possible that the sun can make a contribution here,too. The underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 means that the sun may provide us with. A．enough fuels B．enough steam C．enough oil D．enough electricity 【解析】画线句的句义为：太阳也有可能在这里做出贡献。这里需要判断的就是太阳能做出的贡献是什么，考生需要联系上文得出答案。通过阅读上文可知，我们需要电，但石油、煤炭和天然气等能源可能无法为我们提供足够多的电。而太阳可能为我们提供电。故D项是正确答案。 4.主旨大意题 主要考查考生对于文章大意或文章中心思想的把握和归纳能力，主要涉及的考查角度包 括段落大意题、全文大意题（文章标题题）等。 （1）出题规律 ①What is the xxx paragraph mainly about?【段落主旨】 ②What is the main purpose/focus/theme/topic of this passage?【文章主旨】 ③The general idea of the passage is .【文章主旨】 ④The passage is mainly about...【文章主旨】 ⑤The best title of the passage could be...【文章主旨】 ⑥In this passage,the author mainly discusses .【文章主旨】 ⑦The passage mainly deals with .【文章主旨】 （2）解题技巧 文章角度 ①通过首尾段、首尾句段判断中心 ②注意设问、特殊符号处 ③围绕转折判断中心：but,however,yet(句首),in fact,unfortunately,instead(of)… ④文章中反复出现的表达 题干角度（题干中反复出现的表达） 【例1】Your life depends on heat.In fact,every living thing depends on it.Without heat every living thing would be frozen to death.All living things get their heat from the sun,which provides the conditions in which life is possible. What’s the main idea of Paragraph 2? A．Life is better without heat. B．Life is impossible without heat. C．Life is better if there is more heat. D．Life is impossible in the cold season. 【解析】B。通常情况下段落的主题句会出现在段落的开头或结尾。在本段中，第一句话就表达了整个段落的主旨，即“你的生命是依赖于热量的”。换句话说，如果没有热量，生命是不可能存在的，故B项是正确答案。 【例2】The word“hot”usually means“having a lot of heat”.Many people think that“cold” is something completely separated from heat.But this is not true.“Cold”simply means“having a little heat”.Your life depends on heat.In fact,every living thing depends on it.Without heat every living thing would be frozen to death.All living things get their heat from the sun,which provides the conditions in which life is possible.Since the very beginning of history,man has been able to make his own heat.He has been able to release the sun’s heat that is hidden in things such as wood,coal and oil.And he has been able to use this heat. Heat has made civilization(文明)possible.With heat,man could melt metals.As man learned to use metals and fuels,industries grew.As a result,engines were invented.These are machines that change heat energy into mechanical energy.Engines can do the work of many men.Without engines,industrial civilization is impossible.Yet although the first engines were built in the 17th century,men were still wondering about the nature of heat.“What is it?”they asked.Not until the early years of the 19th century did they find the right answer. What is the best title of the passage? A．Industrial Civilization. B．The Form of Heat. C．Hot and Cold. D．Nature of Heat. 【解析】D。通读本篇文章可知，本文主要论述了热量及人类对热量探索的历史。四个 选项中，热量的本性最为贴合文章的内容。A项（工业文明）虽然在文中有提及，但文章主要讲的是热量使工业文明成为可能，并非工业文明本身；B项（热能的形成）在文章中并未提到；C项（热和冷）虽在文章首段作为引起文章的话题有过提及，但并非文章的核心内容。故D项为正确答案。 解题技巧 根据阅读理解题的题型特点，来谈一些答题技巧： 1、直接理解题 这种题目比较简单，只要通读全文，了解文中所叙述的重要事实或细节就可以解答出来，有的甚至可以从文章的原句中直接找到答案。此类题目的出题形式很多，例如： （1）Which of the following statements is true ／ false? （2）Which of the following is（not）mentioned? （3）How many ／ How much ／ Where ／ How ／ What……? （4）What does the writer think about? （5）Which is the right order of the events given in thepassage? 要快速辨认和记忆事实或细节，就需要恰当地使用查阅的方法。查阅是读者在对材料有所了解的情况下进行的，它的特点是带着问题去寻找答案，往往与略读综合使用，具体方法与步骤如下： （1）略读材料，了解原文大意，掌握其中心意思或主旨。 （2）按文章的体裁、作者写作的组织模式及有关信息词，如for example，first，second……预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实。 （3）将自己的精力放在寻找所需要的细节上，快速通篇阅读，眼睛自左至右、自下而上呈Z形扫视，待找到含有相关细节的句子时，就要放慢速度，仔细核对，比较内容，直至找到答案。 2、语义理解题 在阅读中，我们经常会遇到一些生词，需要根据上下文猜测它们的意思。此类问题考查学生紧扣原文，根据上下文语境判断单词、词语或短句意义的能力。常见的题型有：直接对生词进行解释；对多义词或短语在文章具体语言环境中的意义作出准确判断；对英语中的一些格言或谚语进行解释；对文中一些代词的指代对象作出界定等。这种题型常见的设题方式如下： （1）The underlined word（phrase）in the passage means______. （2）The word“it/them”in the first paragraph refers to______. （3）The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means____. （4）What does the underlined word“…”refer to______. （5）By … the writer means______. 在做此类题时，考生应紧扣原文，根据上下文语境进行判断，切不要望文生义或断章取义，也不能只选择自己熟悉的意思。猜测词义的常见方法有： （1）根据构词法猜测词义； （2）根据上下文猜测词义； （3）根据定义或解释猜测词义； （4）根据同义词、反义词以及对比关系猜测词义； （5）根据生活常识猜测词义。 3、逻辑推理题 推理判断试题属于深层阅读理解题。它要求考生尽量考虑文中全部信息或事实，在通篇理解文章的基础上，严格按照作者提供的信息推断出作者的言外之意。这种题型常见的设题方式有： （1）From the text，it can be inferred that______. （2）The passage suggests that______. （3）Which of the following best describes______. （4）The writer’s attitude towards…is______. （5）From the text，we learn that______. 这种题目有一定难度，解答时必须根据上下文及相互间的关系或对整篇文章进行深层理解后，才能找到答案。有时甚至还得联系作者的意图、态度等文外之意加以推理。解此类题目可从以下几方面入手： （1）根据常识判断。即解题时，除弄清文意外，还需借助生活常识、风土人情、传说掌故、名人轶事等进行判断。 （2）根据知识判断。即解题时，运用一些一般性知识，如天文、地理、文学、艺术、科技等自然科学和社会科学知识。 （3）根据计算判断。即解题时，运用一些数学知识进行和差、面积、体积、速度等方面的运算。 （4）根据情节判断。即解题时，从情节所提供的基本事实出发，寻找一定规律，如时间关系、条件关系、因果关系、比较关系、转折关系等作为推理根据。这种题目最容易出现，考生要从时间、地点、事件的情节安排与发展中，深入探讨其逻辑关系及隐喻、引申等因素。 4、归纳总结题 这种题型要求学生在理解全文的基础上，对文章进行归纳、概括或评价。解这种题目时，不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义，如涉及文章的标题（title）、主题（main idea）、结论（conclusion）、结局（end）等有关问题，都需要在细读全文的基础上，结合所学语言知识进行逻辑思维、推理、判断，从而获取文章中的内在信息。常见的设题方式有： （1）The general idea of the passage is about______. （2）The main idea of the article is______. （3）The main purpose of this selection is______. （4）The passage suggests that______. （5）Which of the following best states the theme of thepassage? 具体解题时，应注意一些技巧： （1）首先看短文的开头和结尾，确定短文题材，预测其内容。每段的第一句话往往会提供重要信息，可以帮助我们搜索各段落乃至整篇文章的大意。 （2）速读全文，整体理解短文大意，抓住关键词语，弄清文章的主旨。 （3）根据已知短文内容，着手解题。可先将文后的选择题看一下，然后带着问题再去阅读。这样做，一方面有助于对文章进一步理解，另一方面可以有针对性地从文章中寻找答案。 （4）迅速复读全文，检查自己的理解是否正确，所选答案是否前后矛盾。通过全面考虑，最后确定答案。 【真题练手】 A Welcome to Write the World We’re a community of young writers (ages13-18) from over 120 countries. Join us, and see your writing improve as you find your own voice. Enter competitions to receive feedback from authors, writing teachers, and other experts in the field. Writing is a social act. Share your work with a global community, and exchange feedback with writers from all over the world. Each month Write the World holds a new writing competition with various themes, such as poetry, sports reports, or fiction. The competitions encourage you to dig deeper into the writing process, try out writing skills and share your work with a sea of eager readers. And because a first draft is never perfect, you have the chance to receive peer (同龄人) and expert feedback before handing in your final piece. What’s different about Write the World competitions? ●Free Entry and Cash Prizes: The winning one receives $100, and the runner-up (亚军) and the best peer reviewer receive $50. ●Professional Recognition: All three winners will appear on our blog, with comments from our guest judges. ●Expert Review: Hand in a draft in the first week and get feedback from our team of experts — authors, writing teachers, and education professionals. ●Guest Judges: From well-known poets to the President’s speech writers-our monthly competitions are judged by famous and respected writers from across the globe. For further details: Visit writertheworld.com 41. What is Write the World? A. A writing course. B. A writing guide. C. A writing competition. D. A writing organization. 42. What are you encouraged to do if you join in the competitions? A. Write an article every week. B. Explore the process of writing. C. Comment on others’ writing skills. D. Share your work with your classmates. 43. What is special about the competitions? A. The president is among the guest judges. B. Only one winner will appear on the blog. C. All the works will receive expert feedback. D. The writers have to pay a little for the competitions. 44. If you get second place in the competitions, you’ll ________. A. be awarded $ 50 B. be awarded $ 100 C. become a guest judge D. become a peer reviewer 45. Who are the most likely target readers of the passage? A. Teen students. B. Well-known poets. C. Professional writers. D. High school teachers. 【答案】41. D 42. B 43. C 44. A 45. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了Write the World 这一面向13-18岁年轻作家的写作社区。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“We’re a community of young writers (ages13-18) from over 120 countries. (我们是一个由来自 120 多个国家的年轻作家（年龄13-18岁）组成的社区。)”可知，Write the World是一个由来自120多个国家的年轻作家组成的社区，即一个写作组织。故选D。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“The competitions encourage you to dig deeper into the writing process, try out writing skills and share your work with a sea of eager readers. (比赛鼓励你深入挖掘写作过程，尝试写作技巧并与众多热切的读者分享您的作品。)”可知，如果你参加比赛，你会被鼓励去探索写作过程。故选B。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“Hand in a draft in the first week and get feedback from our team of experts — authors, writing teachers, and education professionals. (在第一周提交一份草稿，并从我们的专家团队——作者、写作老师和教育专业人士那里得到反馈。)”可知，所提交的作品都会得到专家的反馈，这是比赛的一个特别之处。故选C。 【44题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“The winning one receives $100, and the runner-up (亚军) and the best peer reviewer receive $50. (获胜者将获得100 美元，亚军和最佳同行评审员将获得50 美元。)”可知，冠军将获得100美元，亚军和最佳同行评审员将获得50美元。因此，如果你在比赛中获得第二名，你将获得50美元。故选A。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“We’re a community of young writers (ages13-18) from over 120 countries. (我们是一个由来自 120 多个国家的年轻作家（年龄13-18岁）组成的社区。)”可知，这个写作组织是面向13-18岁的年轻作家的。因此，这篇文章最有可能的目标读者是青少年学生。故选A。 B As an English saying goes, “Laughter is the best medicine.” In these troubling times, good humour is in need more than ever. Doctors and medical staff are taking heed of this and making it part of their care treatments. One product of this is the appearance of clown doctors and healthcare clowns, in hospitals around the globe. There is even an organization that sets standards-the European Federation of Healthcare Clowns Organizations was established in 2011. It says: “Healthcare clowns bring moments of happiness to children who are ill or who have special needs and take their mind off their illness. Clowns also bring smiles to weak adults, including seniors and people with brain disease who are in hospital care.” Healthcare clowns are becoming especially popular in Israel, which is considered a world leader in the field. The first university ever to offer a bachelor’s degree (学士学位) in medical clowning was Haifa University, in 2007. One healthcare clown in Jerusalem, Leah Weiss, decided to take advantage of her inner clown to help patients after a COVID-19 ward (病室) opened in March. She said she knew the clown in her would have curing benefits for her patients. She wants to reduce their anxiety (焦虑) and improve their wellbeing. She enjoys working alongside doctors and said: “Obviously, the doctors, they take care of the body. And we come in and take care of the soul. And it becomes a whole and works together — the doctors understand this.” 46. Which of the following can be used to replace the underlined phrase “taking heed of”? A. Looking up to. B. Making up for. C. Paying attention to. D. Getting away from. 47. Some hospitals employ clowns because ________. A. they are well educated B. they are easy to find C. they make people happy D. they have medical knowledge 48. What can we know about Leah Weiss? A. She is seriously ill. B. She is a loving person. C. She has special needs. D. She has a bachelor’s degree. 49. What is the benefit of having clowns in hospitals? A. It reduces medical expenses. B. It makes hospitals organized. C. It helps with patients’ recovery. D. It decreases the anxiety of doctors. 50. What is the passage mainly about? A. A new care treatment. B. A useful traditional medicine. C. An effective cure for COVID-19. D. A detailed introduction to clowns. 【答案】46. C 47. C 48. B 49. C 50. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了“医疗小丑”这一新兴的护理治疗方式，包括其在全球医院的出现、受欢迎的情况，以及在帮助患者方面的作用。 【46题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第一段中的“Doctors and medical staff are taking heed of this and making it part of their care treatments. (医生和医务人员正在注意这一点并将其作为护理治疗的一部分。)”可知，文章中说医生和医务人员“taking heed of”这一点并将其作为护理治疗的一部分，意味着他们对“笑是良药”这个观点加以关注，“Paying attention to”有“关注、注意”的意思，与“taking heed of”意思相近。故选C。 【47题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Healthcare clowns bring moments of happiness to children who are ill or who have special needs and take their mind off their illness. (医疗小丑为生病或有特殊需要的儿童带来快乐时光，让他们忘记疾病。)”可知，医院雇佣小丑是因为他们能给人带来快乐。故选C。 【48题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“She said she knew the clown in her would have curing benefits for her patients. She wants to reduce their anxiety (焦虑) and improve their wellbeing. (她说，她知道她内心的小丑形象对她的病人有治疗作用。她希望减轻他们的焦虑，改善他们的幸福感。)”可知，她是有爱心、关爱他人的人。故选B。 【49题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Healthcare clowns bring moments of happiness to children who are ill or who have special needs and take their mind off their illness. Clowns also bring smiles to weak adults, including seniors and people with brain disease who are in hospital care. (医疗小丑为患病或有特殊需要的儿童带来欢乐时光，让他们忘记疾病。小丑还为身体虚弱的成年人，包括住院的老年人和脑部疾病患者带来欢笑。)”以及第二段中的“She wants to reduce their anxiety (焦虑) and improve their wellbeing. (她希望减轻他们的焦虑，改善他们的幸福感。)”可知，小丑能让病人心情愉悦、减轻焦虑，从而有助于康复。故选C。 【50题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了医疗小丑这一新的治疗方式，包括他们的作用、在以色列的流行情况以及莉亚·魏斯的个人案例，因此，文章主要讲述的是一种新的治疗方法。故选A。 C The FIFA World Cup came to an end in December 2022. But the love for soccer is still very much alive and well in Zibo, Shandong Province. Zibo is called “the home of soccer ball”. It’s the birthplace of the ancient Chinese sport of cuju. In 2004, cuju won the recognition of FIFA — soccer’s governing body — as the earliest form of soccer. The Chinese character cu means to kick. Ju means an ancient type of leather ball. It has feathers (羽毛) or grain chaff (谷糠) inside. The ancient Chinese historical text Zhan Guo Ce says cuju was a form of amusement among common people. But during the Han Dynasty, soldiers played cuju for army training. During the Tang Dynasty, women played cuju at the royal court (朝廷) for the amusement of the emperors. It entered the golden age in the Song Dynasty when it became popular among every class. Yet, the 2,000-year-old game slowly got out of people’s lives during the Ming Dynasty. Li Weipeng, 34, from Linzi district of Zibo city, is a seventh-generation inheritor (传承人) of cuju. He has been practicing cuju skills for 18 years. Mastering different cuju skills is not easy. “At the beginning, I spent eight hours a day practicing juggling (颠球) a ball. It was tiring,” Li told China Daily. He now can juggle a ball with his foot over 10,000 times in a row. Teaching students cuju moves is a part of Li’s job. The traditional Chinese sport cuju is now popular at primary and middle schools in Linzi. “Students show great interest in playing cuju. It encourages me to promote the ancient sport,” Li said. 51. Why is Zibo called “the home of soccer ball”? A. Because cuju was born there. B. Because people there love soccer. C. Because there is a branch of FIFA. D. Because modern soccer began there. 52. What is the main idea of Paragraph 2? A. The way of making cuju. B. The development of cuju. C. The value of cuju to the world. D. The popularity of cuju among the Chinese. 53. In the Ming Dynasty, cuju _______. A. was used to train soldiers B. was enjoyed by the emperors C. became popular among women D. slowly disappeared in people’s lives 54. Which of the following is true about Li Weipeng? A. He is the only inheritor of cuju. B. He thinks it easy to learn cuju skills. C. He now practises cuju eight hours a day. D. He passes down cuju skills to the younger generation. 55. What the best title for the passage? A. Zibo — a city of soccer fans B. Cuju — its yesterday and today C. Soccer — a popular sport in China D. Li Weipeng — a devoted instructor of cuju 【答案】51. A 52. B 53. D 54. D 55. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了山东淄博被称为“足球之乡”，是古代运动蹴鞠的发源地。讲述了蹴鞠的历史发展，包括其在不同朝代的用途和流行程度，还介绍了淄博临淄的蹴鞠第七代传承人李为鹏，他练习蹴鞠技艺多年，并致力于在学校推广蹴鞠，如今蹴鞠在当地中小学颇受欢迎。 【51题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Zibo is called the home of soccer ball. It’s the birthplace of the ancient Chinese sport of cuju. (淄博被称为“足球之乡”。它是中国古代蹴鞠运动的发源地。)”可知，淄博被称为“足球之乡”是因为它是古代中国足球运动蹴鞠的发源地。故选A。 【52题详解】 主旨大意题。第二段主要讲述了蹴鞠的发展历程，从古代作为民间娱乐活动，到汉代士兵用于军事训练，再到唐代女性在宫廷中玩蹴鞠供皇帝娱乐，最后在宋代进入黄金时期，但在明代逐渐淡出人们的生活。因此，第二段的主要意思是蹴鞠的发展过程。故选B。 【53题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Yet, the 2,000-year-old game slowly got out of people’s lives during the Ming Dynasty. (然而，这项有着2000多年历史的游戏在明代逐渐淡出了人们的生活。)”可知，在明代，这项拥有2000多年历史的运动逐渐淡出了人们的生活。故选D。 【54题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“Teaching students cuju moves is a part of Li’s job. (教学生蹴鞠动作是李的工作之一。)”可知，李伟鹏的工作之一是教学生蹴鞠的动作，即他将蹴鞠技能传授给了年轻一代。故选D。 【55题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了蹴鞠这一古代中国足球运动的历史、发展以及现代传承情况，特别是通过李伟鹏这一现代传承人的故事来展现。故选B。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$