2024年人教版中考英语复习 主谓一致课件

2024-11-10
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主谓一致 语法一致 语法一致原则主要指语法形式上的一致,即谓语必须在人称和数的形式上与主语保持一致。主语为单数形式时,谓语用单数形式;主语为复数形式时,谓语用复数形式。这一原则是最基本的主谓一致原则,多适用于以下情况: ❶单数可数名词(短语)、不可数名词(短语)或单数人称代词作主语时,谓语用单数形式 The organization gives animals such as cows, goats and chickens to families in need. 该组织向贫困家庭提供奶牛、山羊和鸡等动物。(真) At once she called her mother, who was in the kitchen. 她立刻呼喊在厨房里的妈妈。(真) There is water everywhere. 到处都是水。(真) She is always full of energy. 她总是充满活力。(真) ❷复数可数名词(短语)或复数人称代词作主语时,谓语用复数形式 Scientists have found some ways to turn salt water into fresh water. 科学家们已经找到了一些把咸水变为淡水的方法。(真) Many countries are making rules to fight against pollution. 许多国家正在制定规则以治理污染。(真) There are different kinds of online courses. 有各种不同种类的在线课程。(真) We all know the benefits of protecting the environment. 我们都知道保护环境的益处。(真) ❸“the + 复数形式的姓氏名词”结构作主语时,谓语常用复数形式 The Browns have never been rich enough to spend their summer holidays in a comfortable and expensive place. 布朗一家从来没有富裕到可以在舒适又昂贵的地方过暑假。(真) ❹“no + 单数可数名词(短语)/不可数名词(短语)”结构作主语时,谓语用单数形式 No mirror is needed. 不需要镜子。(真) There’s no bread left. 一片面包都没有了。(典) ❹“no + 单数可数名词(短语)/不可数名词(短语)”结构作主语时,谓语用单数形式 No mirror is needed. 不需要镜子。(真) There’s no bread left. 一片面包都没有了。(典) ❺“no + 复数可数名词(短语)”结构作主语时,谓语用复数形式 No other animals have so wonderful a language as we have. 别的动物都不像我们一样拥有如此美妙的语言。(真) ❻“one of + 复数可数名词(短语)”结构作主语时,谓语用单数形式 One of the screws is loose. 有一颗螺丝松了。(典) 1.“one of + 复数可数名词(短语)+ 定语从句”结构强调复数可数名词(短语),在该结构中,关系代词在从句中作主语时,从句谓语用复数形式。例如: He is one of the students who were chosen to attend the meeting. 他是被选中参加会议的学生之一。(真) 2.“the (only / very / right) + one of + 复数可数名词(短语)+ 定语从句”结构强调 one,在该结构中,关系代词在从句中作主语时,从句谓语用单数形式。例如: He is the one of the few students who speaks Japanese well. 他是为数不多的学生中日语讲得好的那个。(典) He was the only one of the boys who was given a prize. 他是这些男孩中唯一一个获奖的。(典) ❼“a lot of / a number of / plenty of /...+ 复数可数名词(短语)”结构作主语时,谓语用复数形式 Great changes have taken place in the city and a lot of factories have been set up. 这个城市发生了巨大的变化,很多工厂都建了起来。(真) A number of roads have been blocked by fallen trees. 许多道路被倒下的树堵住了。(典) ❽“a great amount of / a large amount of / a small amount of /...+ 不可数名词(短语)”结构作主语时,谓语用单数形式 A large amount of work has gone into the project. 大量的工作已投入到这项工程中。(典) Only a small amount of the rainwater actually infiltrates into the soil. 实际上只有少量雨水渗进了土壤里。(典) “large amounts of / great amounts of / increasing amounts of /...+ 不可数名词(短语)”结构作主语时,谓语用复数形式。例如: Large amounts of money were spent on the library. 这座图书馆耗资很大。(典) ❾“the number of / the proportion of / the sum of / the variety of /...+ 复数可数名词(短语)”结构作主语时,谓语用单数形式 The number of students in this university is ten times as large as that of ten years ago. 这所大学的学生人数是十年前的十倍。(真) The proportion of small cars on America’s roads is increasing. 美国公路上小汽车的比重在逐渐增加。(典) ❿“more than one + 单数可数名词(短语)”结构作主语时,谓语用单数形式,但在 There be 句型中用单复数皆可 More than one dream has come true. 不止实现了一个梦想。(典) There was / were more than one student wounded in the accident. 不止一名学生在事故中受伤。(典) “more than + 数词 + 复数可数名词(短语)”结构作主语时,谓语用复数形式 More than 20 shops were looted. 20多家商店遭到了抢劫。(典) More than five thousand high school students have been expelled for cheating. 五千多名高中生因作弊被开除了。(典) Many a good man has been destroyed by drink. 许多好人都毁在了饮酒上。(典) Many a person has suffered from air pollution. 许多人都受到了空气污染的影响。(典) han five thousand high school students have been expelled for cheating. 五千多名高中生因作弊被开除了。(典) as well as, with, together with, along with, except 等连接并列的名词(短语)或代词作主语时,谓语的形式常与离它们最远的名词(短语)或代词的人称和数保持一致 E-mail, as well as mobile phones, is playing an important part in our life. 电子邮件和手机都在我们的生活中发挥着重要的作用。(真) A woman with two children has come. 一位女士带着两个孩子来了。(典) 意义一致 意义一致原则,即以主语所表示的意义来决定谓语的单、复数。有时主语为单数形式,但表示复数意义,这时谓语用复数形式;有时主语为复数形式,但表示单数意义,这时谓语用单数形式。这一原则多适用于以下情况: ❶集体名词(短语)作主语,强调整体,表示单数意义时,谓语常用单数形式;强调个体,表示复数意义时,谓语常用复数形式 The team is discussing the development plan for a new product tomorrow morning. 该小组明天上午将会讨论新产品的开发计划。(教) The army was cut off from its base. 那支部队与基地失去了联络。(典) The audience were stamping and cheering. 观众们又是跺脚,又是欢呼。(典) 1. 某些表示有生物特征的集体名词(短语)作主语时,谓语用复数形式,如 people(人们)、police(警察)、cattle(牛)等。例如: The cattle are rounded up in the evenings. 到了晚上,牛都要圈起来。(典) 2. “the whole + 集体名词”结构作主语时,谓语用单数形式;“all the + 集体名词”结构作主语时,谓语用单复数形式均可。例如: The whole family is well. 全家平安。(典) On the plus side, all the staff are enthusiastic. 好的方面是全体职员的工作热忱都很高。(典) ❷单复数同形的名词(短语)作主语,表示单数意义时,谓语用单数形式;表示复数意义时,谓语用复数形式 Every means has been tried. 每种方法都试过了。(典) The Chinese are proud of China’s high-speed rail. 中国人为中国高铁感到骄傲。(真) ❸“the + 某些分词/形容词(短语)”结构作主语,泛指一类人时,谓语用复数形式;指抽象概念时,谓语用单数形式 In 15th-century England, only the rich and powerful were allowed to wear red. 在 15 世纪的英格兰王国,只有有钱有势的人才可以穿红色衣服。(真) The good overbalances the evil. 善良压倒邪恶。(典) ❹ “a crowd of / a group of / a band of / a block of / a pack of /...+ 复数可数名词(短语)”结构作主语,强调一个整体时,谓语用单数形式;强调各个组成部分时,谓语用复数形式 A crowd of reporters was hammering on the door. 一群记者在不停地敲门。(典) A group of kids were playing with a ball in the street. 一群孩子在街上玩球。(典) ❺ 以 s 结尾且表示国名、机构名、学科名、书籍名、报刊名、游戏名、疾病名等单数概念或事物的名词(短语)作主语时,谓语常用单数形式 The United States has refused him a visa. 美国当局已拒绝给他签证。(典) Physics is a fascinating subject. 物理学是一门极有吸引力的学科。(典) The Times is Britain’s oldest national daily. 《泰晤士报》是英国最古老的全国性日报。 (典) ❻表示时间、长度、距离、金额、重量等的复数可数名词短语作主语,且被看作一个整体时,谓语常用单数形式 Three years is a long time. 三年是一段很长的时间。(典) Four kilometres is a long distance to her. 对她来说,四公里是一段很长的距离。(典) ❼“分数/百分数 + of + 单数可数名词(短语)/不可数名词(短语)”结构作主语时,谓语用单数形式;“分数/百分数 + of + 复数可数名词(短语)”结构作主语时,谓语常用复数形式 About 97% of water on the earth is sea water, or salt water. 地球上大约 97% 的水是海水,或称咸水。(真) One third of the students going to school by bike are girls. 骑自行车上学的学生中有三分之一是女孩。(典) ❽ and 连接两个并列的名词(短语)作主语,且表示同一个人、事物或概念时,谓语用单数形式;表示不同的人、事物或概念时,谓语用复数形式;两个并列名词(短语)前分别被 each / every / no 等修饰时,二者共同表示一个整体,谓语用单数形式 The writer and singer was present at the party yesterday evening. 那位作家兼歌手昨晚出席了宴会。(真) E-mail and the Internet have changed the rules about how to write. 电子邮件和互联网已经改变了书写的规则。(真) Every boy and every girl in the class is diligent. 班里的每个男孩和女孩都很勤奋。(典) 部分由 and 连接的固定成对的名词短语: a knife and fork 一副刀叉 a cup and saucer 一套杯碟 a desk and chair 一套桌椅 truth and honesty 真实与坦诚 aim and end 目标 ups and downs 兴衰 ❾ both...and... 连接两个并列的名词(短语)作主语时,谓语用复数形式 Both Linda and Jane giggle. 琳达和简都咯咯地笑了。(典) Both bread and butter are sold in that grocery. 那家杂货店既卖面包,又卖黄油。(典) ❿ both, (a) few, many, several 等表示复数意义的不定代词或“both / (a) few / many / several /...+ of + 名词(短语)/代词”结构作主语时,谓语用复数形式 Maybe both are true. 也许两者都是正确的。(真) But few of them realize that they can in fact create their own futures. 但他们中很少有人意识到他们实际上可以创造自己的未来。(真) Several of the paintings were destroyed in the fire. 那些画有好几幅都被大火烧毁了。(典) each, either, neither 等表示单数意义的不定代词作主语时,谓语常用单数形式 On the table there are 18 melons. Each weighs about 2 kg. 桌子上有 18 个甜瓜。每个重约 2 千克。(真) I have read the two books, but neither is interesting. 我读过这两本书,但两本都没意思。(真) everyone, somebody, nobody, anything 等复合不定代词作主语时,谓语常用单数形式 Everyone here lives in harmony with nature. 这里的每个人都与自然和谐相处。(真) There was a traffic accident yesterday. Luckily, nobody was injured. 昨天发生了一起交通事故。幸运的是,没人受伤。(真) all, some, more, most 等不定代词或“all / some / more / most /...+ of + 名词(短语)/代词”结构作主语,表示单数意义或不可数意义时,谓语用单数形式;表示复数意义时,谓语用复数形式 All of the food has gone. 所有的食物都没了。(典) Some of the rooms were designated as offices. 这些房间中有一些被指定为办公室。(典) Most of the houses in the capital don’t have indoor plumbing. 首都的大多数房屋都没有水暖设备。(典) 疑问代词 which, who 或 what 作主语,代替的内容表示单数意义时,谓语用单数形式;代替的内容表示复数意义时,谓语用复数形式 Who is that woman? 那个女人是谁?(典) What are the main activities? 主要活动是什么?(真) 基数词作主语,表示数目大小并被看作一个整体时,谓语常用单数形式;表示多个人或事物时,谓语用复数形式 Ten is the double of five. 十是五的两倍。(典) Of the seven bicycles we had, only two were fit for the road. 我们拥有的七辆自行车中,只有两辆适合这种路。(典) 单个动词不定式(短语)或动名词(短语)作主语时,谓语常用单数形式 To know is one thing and to do is another. 知是一回事,行是另一回事。(真) Taking exercise is good for our health. 锻炼有益于我们的健康。(真) 多个并列动词不定式(短语)或动名词(短语)作主语,共同表示某一单数意义时,谓语用单数形式;表示复数意义时,谓语用复数形式 Remember, to love and be loved is life itself. 请记住:爱与被爱是生活的本质。(典) Reducing, reusing, and recycling are important for the Earth. 减量化、再利用和再循环对地球很重要。(真) 就近一致 就近一致原则指谓语的人称和数的形式与离它最近的主语保持一致。这一原则多适用于以下情况: ❶ or, either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but (also)..., not...but... 等连接的并列名词(短语)或代词作主语时,谓语的形式与离它最近的主语的人称和数保持一致 Either the headmaster or his assistants are required to attend the meeting. 校长或者他的助手们被要求参加会议。(典) Neither the father nor his children were in the car. 这位父亲和他的孩子们都不在车里。(典) Not only you but also she has been praised. 不仅是你,她也受到了表扬。(典) ❷ There be 句型中,并列的名词(短语)作主语时,谓语的数与离它最近的主语的数保持一致 There is one big bathroom and three bedrooms, fully furnished. 有一间大浴室和三间卧室,家具齐全。(真) ❸以 here 开头的倒装句中,并列的名词(短语)作主语时,谓语的数与离它最近的主语的数保持一致 Here are four birthday cards and a birthday cake for you. 这是给你的四张生日卡和一个生日蛋糕。(典) $$

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2024年人教版中考英语复习 主谓一致课件
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2024年人教版中考英语复习 主谓一致课件
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2024年人教版中考英语复习 主谓一致课件
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2024年人教版中考英语复习 主谓一致课件
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2024年人教版中考英语复习 主谓一致课件
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2024年人教版中考英语复习 主谓一致课件
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