现在完成时讲义 2023-2024学年牛津译林版英语八年级下册

课 题 现在完成时 教学目标 1. 掌握现在完成时基础知识 2. 灵活运用重点单词用法 重难点透视 灵活运用重点单词用法 知识点剖析 序号 知识点 预估时间 掌握情况 1 现在完成时基础知识 75 min 2 针对性练习巩固 15min 教 学 内 容 现在完成时 一、定义 1、表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常与 just“刚刚”(在句中)、ever、never、already“已经”、yet、before连用。 Have you had breakfast yet? Yes,I have. I've just had it.你(已经)吃早餐了吗?我刚刚吃过。(结果:现在我不饿了) I've never been to the zoo before.以前我从没去过这个动物园。 【注意】: already:”已经“肯定句中,可放在助动词与过去分词之间;也可放在句末 Eg.I’ve already read this book. yet: 在疑问句中意为“已经”,在否定句中意为“还”,yet常放在句末。 Eg.Nina hasn’t found her bag yet. ever: “曾经”,多用于否定或疑问句中 Eg.Have you ever been to Beijing? never:从未,表示否定,常与before连用(before要放在句尾!never多放在助动词与过去分词间) Eg. I have never been to Beijing before. 2、表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态,这个动作可能刚停止,可能仍然在进行。 时间状语: for+时间段 Eg.for four hours持续四个小时 since 做介词时,后面+ 时间点(=for+时间段) “自从…” Eg.since 1996 时间段+ago Eg.since two days ago (注)since做连词时,后面加句子(后面句子动词时态用过去式) Eg.I have studied English since I was four.【注】对for和since引导的时间状语提问 用How long。 in the past few years在过去的几年中 in the last few years在过去几年中 例: I have lived here 2020. = I have lived here 2 years ago. I have lived here 2 years. = It is 2 years I began to live here. since ;since ;for ;since 3、表示一个动作到目前为止的积累 -常与 twice、three times等连用。 I have been to London twice.我去过伦敦二次了。 4、 用于现在完成时的固定句型 1 It is the first time /second time ...that...(从句用现在完成时) 例:It is the first time that I have visited Beijing.这是我第一次访问北京。 This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing.这是我第一次听他唱歌. 2 This is the +最高级+that....(从句用现在完成时) This is the best film that I've (ever) seen.这是我看过的最好的电影 3 It is/has been+一段时间+since从句(自从...已经多久了)从句中谓语动词用非延续动词的一般过去式) It is(=It has been)two years since the old man died.这个老人去世两年了。 二、结构 当主语是第三人称单数时用has,其余人称用have 1、肯定式:主语+ have/has+过去分词+其他 I have finished my homework.我完成作业了。 She has finished her homework.她完成作业了。 2、否定式: 主语+haven't/hasn't +过去分词+其他 (have not=haven't, has not =hasn't) I haven't finished my homework.我没有完成作业。 She hasn't finished her homework.她没有完成作业。 3、疑问式:Have /Has+主语+过去分词+其他?(have/has 提前) 简略答语: Yes,主语+have/has.(肯定) No,主语+haven't/hasn't.(否定) Have you finished your homework?你完成作业了吗? Yes, I have.是的,我完成了。 No, I haven't.不,我没完成。 Has she finished her homework?她完成作业了吗? Yes, she has.是的,她完成了。 No, she hasn't.不,她没完成。 4、特殊疑问句:疑问词+have/has +主语+过去分词+其他? How long have you been here?你来这里多长时间了? Where have you gone?你去了哪里? 三、过去分词的变化规则 规则变化 1. 一般在动词+ed。 talk-talked ; play-played ;want- wanted She talked with her friends last night.她昨晚跟她朋友聊天。 2.以e结尾的+d live- lived like-liked ; hope-hoped ;use-used She lived in England in2020.2020年她住在英格兰。 3.以重读闭音节结尾的,末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写这个辅音字母再+ed。 stop- stopped ; plan-planned He stopped talking when the teacher came in.老师进来的时候,他停止了讲话。 4.以辅音字母+y 结尾的,改y 为i,再+ed. study-studied ;try-tried ;cry-cried ;copy-copied ;carry-carried Tom studied English at the age of two.汤姆两岁的时候学习了英语。 不规则变化:需要特殊记。 动词过去分词的不规则变化 ① A-A-A型:原形、过去式和过去分词同形 e.g. read- read-read cut- cut- cut ② A-A-B型:原形和过去式同形 e.g. beat -beat-beaten ③ A-B-B型:过去式和过去分词同形 e.g.teach-taught-taught ④ A-B-A型:原形和过去分词同形 e.g.come-came-come ⑤ A-B-C型:原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同 e.g.eat - ate- eaten 【 进阶补充】 1. 考点1一般过去时和现在完成时的区别 一般过去时: ①侧重点在于(陈述过去的动作或状态) ②动作已结束并与现在没联系 I ate just now.(过去吃的,现在饿不饿不知道) 我刚才吃了。 Nina taught us English last year. 妮娜去年教我们英语。(去年教,现在有没有教不知道) 现在完成时: ①强调动作或状态已经发生了(重点在动作所带来影响或结果) ②强调过去发生的动作对现在有影响或强调动作的持续性(动作可能还在持续) I have just eaten. 我刚刚已经吃过了。(过去吃过了,现在还饱着,不想再吃了) Nina has taught us English for 8 years. 妮娜教我们英语已经8年了。(教英语发生在过去,并且现在还在持续) 【小试牛刀】 1. Mother_ me a new coat yesterday. I _ it on. It fits me well. A. had made....have tried B. made...have tried C. has made....tried 2. _ you ever _America ? Yes, I have. A. Have;gone to B. Have,gone in C. Have,been to 3.-I have seen the film "Titanic" already. -When _ you _ it ? -The day before yesterday. A. have;seen B.will;see C.did;see D.did;seen 4. Mr Black _ in China since five years ago. A. lived B . has lived C.lives D. is going to live 5. We _ trees last Sunday.So far we _ over 3,000 trees there. A. planted;planted B. planted;have planted C. have planted;planted BCCBB 常见时间标志词 <一般过去时> ago以前 ; in the early days 在早期 ;yesterday 昨天 ; just now刚才 the day before yesterday前天;at the age of在...岁时 ; last week/month/term/Monday ;one day上周/上个月/上学期/上周一/一天 long ago很久以前;last year去年;once upon a time从前,很久以前! last night昨晚;then那时;in +过去的时间 过去某时on that day在那天 <现在完成时> already 已经 ;ever曾经 ;yet还 ;before以前 ;just刚才;up to now到目前为止;至今;迄今 never从不 ;for+一段时间 ;so far到目前为止,迄今为止 ;since+过去某一时间 一般过去时和现在完成时的动作都与过去有关。现在完成时强调动作对现在产生影响或持续到现在,与现在有关系,而一般过去时则表示动作与现在无关。 e.g. He has worked in a school for three years. 他在学校工作两年了。(现在还在学校) He worked in a school three years ago. 他两年前在学校工作。(现在不在学校了) 2. 考点2 have gone to & have been to &have been in ①have gone to +地点,意为“已经去了某地”,现在还没有回来。(未回,常用于问答形式) e.g. She isn't here. She has gone to New York. 她不在这儿,她去了纽约。 ②have been to +地点,意为“曾经去过某地”,现在已经回来了,常与次数连用。(已回,常跟次数连用) e.g. She has been to New York three times. 她去过纽约三次。 ③have been in +地点,意为“在某地待了多久”,常与时间段连用。(常跟for+时间段连用) e.g. She has been in New York for two years. 她在纽约待了两年了。 【注意】:若地点是 here,there, home,abroad 等副词时,需去掉介词to 或in。 3. 考点3 非延续性动词(词组)和延续性动词(词组)在现在完成时中,非延续性动词不能与表示一段时间的状语( for + 时间段、since +时间点、how long 等)连用,若要连用,需将其转化为延续性动词。 非延续性动词 begin buy/ catch close come here die get up finish put on leave borrow/lend 延续性动词 be on have be closed be here be dead be up be over wear be away keep 非延续性动词 wake marry open become interested in catch a cold 延续性动词 be awake be married be open be interested in have a cold Alice (borrow) these books for two weeks. I (not leave) here since 2022. has kept ;haven’t left 【单项选择题】 1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they_what's happened to him . A.knew B. have known C . must know D .will know 2、 He has_been to Shanghai , has he ? A.already B.never C.ever D.still 3、 Have you met Mr Li_? A. just B.ago C.before D. a moment ago 4、 The famous writer_one new book in the past two year . A . is writing B .was writing C .wrote D .has written 5、一 Our country_a lot so far . - Yes . I hope it will be . A. has changed ; well B . changed ; good C . has changed ; better D . changed ; better 6、Zhao Lan_already_in this school for two years . A . was ; studying B.will ; study C. has ; studied D . are ; studying 7、We_Xiao Li since she was a little girl . A. know B . had known C . have known D.knew 8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_it twice . A. will see B . have seen C.saw D .see 9、一 These farmers have been to the United States . -Really ? When_there ? A . will they go B . did they go C . do they go D . have they gone 10、一_you_your homework yet ? 一Yes . I_it a moment ago . A.Did ; do ; finished B. Have ; done ; finished C. Have ; done ; have finished D. will ; do ; finish BBCDC CCBBB 11. Ben _to Beijing for 3 days, and he _soon. A. has been; is going to come back B. has gone; will come back C. went; comes back D.went; will come back 12. The shopping mall Mixc in the northern part of Nanjing _since last December. A. opened B. has opened C. has been on D. has been open 13. - How long have you_the English club? - Only 3 months. But I have improved my English a lot. A.joined B.been in C. become a member of 14. A new fitness center for two months in Wanda Plaza, but I_there so far. A. has opened; haven't gone B. has been open; haven't been C. has been opened; haven't been D. has been open; haven't been to 15.-_your homework yet? -Yes, I_it to the English monitor a moment ago. A. Did you hand in; had given B. Have you handed in; gave C.Had you handed in; gave D. Have you handed in; have given 16. The Forbidden City, now the Palace Museum, _ to the public for more than eighty years, but I haven't _there so far. A. has opened; gone B. has been open; been C. has been open; gone D. has opened; been 17. Not only Jam but also his parents_a few interesting places since they came to China. A. will visit B. has visited C. have visited 18. -When did the football match between Xinyun School and our school take place? -Oh, it _for ten minutes, with a final score of 4:3. Xinyun School won the game. A. ended B. has ended C. has been over 19. -I haven't seen your brother for a long time. Where has he _? -He_Beijing for a month. He'll be back next week. A. gone; has been in B. gone; has been to C. gone; has gone to 20.-Where is your father? -He _Australia and_Sydney for two weeks. A. has gone to; has been in B. has been in; has been to C. has gone to; has been to D. has been to; has been in 21. Lucy, have your parents ever _to England? A.been B. gone C. went D.will go 22. -Anna, have you _seen China's Got Talent(中国达人秀)? -Of course. I_it last weekend. A.never; saw B. ever; have seen C. never: have seen D. ever; saw 23. Please hurry up! The TV play _for ten minutes. A.started B.has started C.was on D. has been on 24. The guide is very worried, for the train to Xi'an will leave in ten minutes, but two members of his group . A.don't arrive B. won't arrive C. haven't arrived D. didn't arrive 25. As a traditional Chinese martial art (武术),Tai Chi_to more than 150 countries all over the world so far. A. spreads B.is spreading C. will spread D. has spread 26. Because of a bad sickness, I have _in bed for 15 days. A. lain B.laid C.lying BDBBB BCCAA ADDCD A 二、完成句子 27.这场大雪使得与外界的沟通联系中断了三天。 The heavy snow the outside world since three days ago. 28. He's never heard this strange thing.(改为反义疑问句) He's never heard this strange thing, ? has prevented communicating with ; has he 三、单词拼写 29.I_ _(not see) my friend for a long time. I(miss) her very much. 30. Great changes (take) place in the last three years. 31.-The film you pay attention to (come) out recently. Shall we go to the cinema tonight? -Good idea! 32.-Linda, what would you like to make for our party? -A delicious pancake. In fact, I _(finish) making it. haven't seen miss;have taken ; has come;have finished 8 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$