小升初语法 一般将来时（讲义）-2023-2024学年人教PEP版英语六年级下册

【一般将来时详解】 一、一般将来时概念 表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语： tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…), soon, the day after tomorrow（后天）等等。 二、一般将来时基本结构： 1. be going to + do 2. will+ do. 主语为第一人称时，常用shall；主语为第二、第三人称时，常用will；但在口语中，所有人称都可以用will。 三、一般将来时句式及变化 1. 主语 + be ( am, is, are ) going to + 动词原形 + …… be going to通常用来表示近期或事先考虑过的将要发生的动作以及已有迹象表明必将发生的事情，意为“打算；就要”。 （1）be going to句型的肯定句： 主语 + be ( am, is, are ) going to + 动词原形 + …… 例：I am going to work in Beijing next year. 明年我要去北京工作。 Tom is going to swim next Sunday. 下周日Tom打算去游泳。 It’s windy and cloudy now, it’s going to rain. 这会儿又阴天又刮风的，要下雨了。 They are going to meet outside the school gate. 他们将在学校大门外会合。 （2）be going to句型的否定句： 主语 + be ( am, is, are ) not going to + 动词原形 + …… 例：We are not going to have any class next week. 下周我们不上课。 She is not going to see her grandmother tomorrow. 她明天不打算去看她奶奶。 I’m not going to tell you about it. 我不打算告诉你那件事。 （3）be going to句型的一般疑问句： Be ( Am, Is, Are ) + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + …… 例：Are you going to be a policeman when you grow up? 你长大后打算当一名警察吗？ Is she going to dance this Saturday? 这周六她打算去跳舞吗？ （4）be going to句型的特殊疑问句：这种疑问句就是把疑问词放在句首。 ( Who, What , Where, How, When, Why ) + be ( am, is, are ) + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + …… 例：When is he going to buy a new car? 他打算什么时候去买一辆新车？ What are you going to do next weekend? 下周末你们打算做什么？ Where are you going tonight? 今晚你准备去哪儿？ 2. 主语 + shall / will + 动词原形 + …… （1）肯定句：主语 + shall / will + 动词原形 + …… 在书面语中，主语是第一人称I或We时，常用“shall + 动词原形”构成；在口语中，所有的人称都可以用will。 例：I shall/will call you this evening. 今晚我会给你打电话的。 We shall/will meet you at the train station. 我们将在火车站和你见面。 Do more exercises, and you will get better soon. 多做运动，你的身体很快就会好起来的。 It will be very cold tomorrow. 明天天气会很冷。 The rain will stop soon. 雨很快就要停了。 （2）否定句：主语 + shall / will not + 动词原形 + …… 例：I will not / won’ t tell him about it. 我不会把这件事告诉他的。 She will not /won’ t listen to me. 她不会听我的。 He will not/won’ t have time to do any housework. 他不会有时间做家务活的。 （3） 一般疑问句：Will /Shall + 主语 + 动词原形 + …… 例：Will you open the window, please? 请你打开窗子好吗？ （4） 特殊疑问句：疑问词+ will/shall + 主语 + 动词原形 + …… 例：How many books will they give us? 他们打算给我们多少本书啊？ 3. 小提示： Shall I …? 或Shall we …? 常用来征求对方的意见。而在问对方是否愿意或表示客气的邀请或命令时，常用Will you …? 这两种情况的回答也比较灵活。 例：Shall I open the window? 我可以打开窗子吗？ Shall we go there at five? 我们五点钟去那儿，好吗？ 四、 be going to和will 的区别 be going to和will 的用法虽然都表示将来发生动作或情况，但它们的用法是有区别的。 1. be going to主要用于： （1）表示事先经过考虑、安排好打算要做的事情。 What are you going to do today? 今天你们打算做什么？ Dad and I are going to see a Beijing opera this afternoon. 今天下午我和爸爸打算去看京剧。 I’m going to play the violin. 我打算拉小提琴。 She’s going to play the piano. 她打算弹钢琴。 （2）表示根据目前某种迹象判断，某事非常有可能发生。 Look! There come the dark clouds. It is going to rain. 瞧！乌云密集，天要下雨。 I am afraid I am going to have a cold. 恐怕我要患重感冒。 2. will主要用于在以下几个方面： （1）表示单纯的未来“将要”通用各个人称。 They will go to visit the factory tomorrow. 明天他们将去工厂参观。 I’ll come with Wang Bing, Liu Tao and Yang Ling. 我将和王兵、刘涛、杨玲一起来。 （2）表示不以人的意志为转移的自然发展的未来的事。 Today is Saturday. Tomorrow will be Sunday. 今天是星期六。明天（将）是星期日。 He will be thirty years old this time next year. 明年这个时候他就（将）三十岁。 （3）问对方是否愿意做某事或表示客气地邀请或命令。 Will you please turn on the radio? 请打开收音机好吗？ Will you go to the zoo with me? 你和我一起去动物园好吗？ 五、一般将来时知识链接 （一）主要句子 What are you going to do on the weekend? 你周末打算做什么？ I’ m going to visit my grandparents this weekend? 这个周末我打算去看望我的外祖父母。 Where are you going this afternoon? 你今天下午打算去哪里？ I’ m going to the bookstore. 我打算去书店。 What are you going to buy? 你打算去买什么？ I’ m going to buy a comic book. 我打算去买一本漫画书。 （二）知识点 1. What are you going to do? 你想做什么？询问他人在未来的打算。Be going to 后面要跟动词的原形。 2. this evening 和 tonight的区别：this evening指的是今天晚上睡觉以前的时间，一般指晚上十二点以前。而tonight指的是今晚，一般是指一整晚的时间，通宵。 【一般将来时随堂练习】 一、填空。 1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。 I ________ _______ _________ have a picnic with my friends. 2. 下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮球。 What ________ ________ _________ _________ _________ next Monday? I _______ ________ _______ play basketball. 3. 你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。 ________ your mother _______ ________ go shopping this ___________? Yes, she _________. She ______ ________ __________ buy some fruit. 4. 你们打算什么时候见面。 What time _______ you _________ __________ meet? 二、改写句子。 1. Nancy is going to go camping.（改否定） Nancy ________ going to go camping. 2. I’ ll go and join them.（改否定） I _______ go ______ join them. 3. I’ m going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.（改一般疑问句） ________ _______ ________ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow? 4. We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.（改一般疑问句） _______ ________ meet at the bus stop at 10:30? 5. She is going to listen to music after school.（对划线部分提问） ________ _______ she ________ ________ _________ after school? 6. My father and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.(同上) _________ _________ going to see a play the day after tomorrow? 三、用所给词的适当形式填空。 1. Today is a sunny day. We __________ (have) a picnic this afternoon. 2. My brother _______________ (go) to Shanghai next week. 3. Tom often ____________(go) to school on foot. But today is raining. He ______________ (go) to school by bus. 4. What do you usually do at weekends? I usually __________ (watch) TV and __________(catch) insects? 5. It’s Friday today. What ________she _________ (do) this weekend? She _________ (watch) TV and _________ (catch) insects. 6. What ___________ (do) you do last Sunday? I ____________ (pick) apples on a farm. What ______________ (do) next Sunday? I ______________ (milk) cows. 7. Mary ____________ (visit) her grandparents tomorrow. 8. Liu Tao ____________ (fly) kites in the playground yesterday. 9. David ______________ (give) a puppet show next Monday. 10. I ________________ (plan) for my study now. 四、按要求转换句型 1. His father is going to cook a lot of food for him. (改为否定句) _________________________________________________________ 2. Mr. Zhang and his friend are going to walk in the mountain. (改为否定句) _________________________________________________________ 3. My mother is going to make cakes for us. (改为一般疑问句并做肯定回答) _________________________________________________________ 4. I am going to visit a farm the day after tomorrow. (改为一般疑问句并作否定回答) _________________________________________________________ 【一般将来时课后作业】 一、单项选择。 (   ) 1.  There __________ a meeting tomorrow afternoon.          A. will be going to        B. will going to be C. is going to be            D. will go to be (   ) 2.  Charlie ________ here next month.          A. isn’t working          B. doesn’t working C. isn’t going to working        D. won’t work (    ) 3.  He ________ very busy this week, he ________ free next week.          A. will be; is                   B. is; is C. will be; will be               D. is; will be (    ) 4.  There ________ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening.          A. was                          B. is going to have C. will have                      D. is going to be (   ) 5. ---________ you ________ free tomorrow?         --- No. I ________ free the day after tomorrow. A. Are; going to; will     B. Are; going to be; will C. Are; going to; will be     D. Are; going to be; will be (    ) 6.  Mother ________ me a nice present on my next birthday.          A. will gives                  B. will give C. gives                          D. give (    ) 7. ---Shall I buy a cup of tea for you?         ---________. （不，不要。）          A. No, you won’t.       B. No, you aren’t. C. No, please don’t.           D. No, thanks. 二、用所给动词的正确形式填空。 1. They __________ ( be ) going to have a welcome party for Lucy and Lily. 2. It ____________ ( be ) sunny tomorrow. 3. My parents and I ______________ (be ) going to the movies tomorrow evening. 4. Mary’s birthday is next Monday, her mother (give) her a present. 5. It’s very cold these days. It (snow) soon. 6. They _________ (not) be at home tomorrow morning. 7. _________she (wash) her coats tomorrow? 三、选择题。 ( ) 1. -- ______ we go swimming next Sunday? -- I’m afraid we can’t. There ________ an English party next Sunday. A. Will; was B. Shall; will be C. Shall; will D. Let’s; is ( ) 2. We _____ to the zoo tomorrow. A. went B. going C. have been D. are going ( ) 3. We ____________ a stamp show tomorrow. A. are seeing B. is going to see C. are going to see D. will seeing ( ) 4. I want _____________ a policeman when I grow up. A. be B. to C. to be D. become ( ) 5. – What are you going to give our teacher for Teachers’ Day? -- I am not sure. Maybe I __________ him some flowers. A. will gives B. will give C. gives D. gave ( ) 6. _______ you going see a film tomorrow? A. Is, to B. Are, to C. Was, to D. Are, be ( ) 7. She isn’t going tomorrow. A. swimming B. to swim C. swims D. swim ( ) 8. ________ you ________ free next Sunday? A. Will; are          B. Will; be C. Do; be             D. Are; be ( ) 9. They ________ an English evening next Sunday. A. are having       B. are going to have C. will having       D. is going to have ( )10.He in three days. A. coming back        B. came back C. will come back   D. is going to coming back 四、连词组句。 1. will evening I you call this _______________________________________________________________________. 2. soon will snow stop The _______________________________________________________________________. 3. you are going Where weekend this _______________________________________________________________________? 4. Sam grandparents next his Is going Sunday to visit _______________________________________________________________________? 5. her Mingming will tomorrow visit grandparents _______________________________________________________________________. 五、将左右对应的问答句连线。 A B A. When are you going to buy a new car? a. He is going to visit the science museum. B. Where shall we meet? b. I am going to buy 20 new books. C. Shall I get there before 5? c. Yes, please. D. What is John going to do this weekend? d. Sure. E. How many books are you going to buy? e. Let’s meet at the subway station. F. Will you open the window, please? f. Next year. 六、完形填空。 I am Li Ming. I am 12 1 now. I will 2 52 in 40 years. I will be the principal of my 3 in 40 years. I will be a famous principal and my students will all love me. Now I can speak two languages, Chinese and English. In the future, I will speak 4 languages: Chinese, English, French, Japanese and Spanish. Now, I have to get up early in the morning __5 my home is 6 school. In 40 years, I will invent a small plane. I will 7 work by this small plane. Now I live in Beijing. It’s a beautiful city. In the future, I think I have a big house. My mother 8 have to cook. A robot will do the 9 for us. I hope all my dreams come true in 40 years. ( ) 1. A. year old B. years old C. years D. old ( ) 2. A. am B. been C. be D. going to be ( ) 3. A. factory B. city C. company D. school ( ) 4. A. four B. six C. two D. five ( ) 5. A. so B. then C. but D. because ( ) 6. A. far from B. far C. near D. next to ( ) 7. A. go B. go to C. take to D. be ( ) 8. A. want B. will C. won’t D. / ( ) 9. A. homework B. cleaning C. washing D. housework 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$