一般现在时（讲义）-2023-2024学年人教PEP版英语六年级下册

【一般现在时语法详解】 一、一般现在时的定义： 一般现在时表示经常性、反复性发生的动作或存在的状态． 1. 除主语为第三人称单数的情况外，谓语动词一律用动词原形，它常与下列频度副词或时间状语连用：always, usually, often, sometimes, never, every day(month, year, Sunday ….), twice a week等。 2. 行为动词在一般现在时中的用法： 一般人称的谓语动词用原形，但第三人称单数做主语时谓语动词词尾发生变化，如在词尾加s或es等。 2、 第三人称单数行为动词变化规则： 一般情况下词尾加-s 以-ch, -sh, -s, -x, -o结尾的词尾加-es 以辅音字母加y结尾的，先将y变为i再加-es live lives learn learns clean cleans teach teaches wash washes go goes study studies carry carries fly flies 注意： 动词加 -s 以后的读音. 1.在[p] [t] [k] [f] 等清辅音后，发清辅音 /s/ 例如：helps , works, likes, laughs 2.在浊辅音和元音后，发浊辅音 /z/ 例如：drives, cleans, plays 3.在[s] [z] [∫] [ t∫] 后，发 /iz/ 例如：rises, washes, teaches 4.在[t] [d]后，共同发 /ts/ /dz/ 例如：fits, sets, needs 三、be和have的人称变化形式： 当句子的谓语动词是be（have）时，肯定句中be（have）要用与句子主语相对应的形式（如下表所示）。 动词be 动词have I am a teacher. You are a student. She / He is a farmer. We / You / They are doctors. I have an English book. You have an English book. She / He has an English book. We / You / They have an English book. 四、一般现在时的用法： 1. 表示经常、反复发生的动作，现存的习惯或状态。常与often, always, usually, every day, sometimes, never, once a day, seldom等时间状语连用。例如： I am a teacher. We are Chinese. She goes to work every day. He always helps others. 2. 表示客观事实或普遍真理。例如： There are seven days in a week. The earth goes round the sun. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. The water boils at 100℃. Actions speaks louder than words. 行动胜于言辞。（谚语） 3. 表示安排或计划好的未来的动作，只限于go, come, leave, start, stay, return, arrive, begin, be 等动词。例如：My train leaves at 6:30 this morning. 我是今天早上六点半的火车。 How long do you stay here? 你要在这待多久？ We start at 8 tomorrow morning for Beijing. 我们明天早上八点去北京。 4. 表示主语的特征、性格、能力等。 Tom studies very hard. She is always ready to help others. I major in English. 5. 一般现在时还可用在戏剧, 电影的剧本解说，体育比赛的解说以及图片的说明等场合。 Tom carries the ball to the left. 汤姆把球带到左方。 The picture shows us how they built the motorway last year. 这张照片给我们展示了他们去年如何建设高速公路。 五、一般现在时的句式及转换： 1. 当句子中有be动词或情态动词时，变一般疑问句，要把be动词或情态动词(can,could等)提到主语的前面（口诀：一调二变三问号）；变否定句，要在be动词或情态动词后面直接加not. (be后not莫忘记) 例：1）陈述句：She is my sister. 疑问句→ Is she your sister? Yes, she is./ No, she isn’t. 否定句→ She is not my sister. 2）陈述句：I can play soccer. 疑问句→ Can you play soccer? Yes,I can./ No, I can’t. 否定句→ I can not /can’t play soccer. ★注意 对一般疑问句的回答：一般用什么问就用什么来回答。但以下例外： Is this a pencil? Yes , it is./ No, it isn’t. Is that your backpack? Yes , it is./ No, it isn’t. Are these your parents? Yes, they’re./ No, they aren’t. Are those Jim’s brothers? Yes, they’re./ No, they aren’t. 2. 当句子中没有be动词，也没有情态动词时，变一般疑问句时，要在主语前加助动词do (主语为I, we, you以及复数), does（主语为第三人称单数she,he,it等）； 变否定句时，要在主语之后、谓语动词之前加助动词don’t, doesn’t变成否定句，切记：助动词后的动词要还原成动词原形。 例：1）陈述句：We get up at 7:00 every morning. 疑问句→Do you get up at 7:00 every morning? 否定句→We don’t get up at 7:00 every morning. 2）陈述句：She has a brother. 疑问句→ Does she have a brother? 否定句→ She doesn’t have a brother. 六、第三人称单数归纳总结： 在一般现在时中，当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式，即常在动词原形后加-s或-es。但有些同学们对于哪些主语是第三人称单数还不十分清楚，现归纳总结如下： 1. 人称代词he, she, it是第三人称单数。如： He likes watching TV. 他喜欢看电视。 She has lunch at twelve. 她十二点吃午餐。 2. 单个人名、地名或称呼作主语；是第三人称单数。如： Han Mei likes salad. 韩梅喜欢萨拉。 Beijing is in China. 北京在中国。 Uncle Wang often plays volleyball. 王叔叔经常打排球。 3. 单数可数名词或"this / that / the+单数可数名词"作主语时，是第三人称单数。如： This book is yours. 这本书是你的。 The cat is Lucy's. 这只猫是露茜的。 4. 不定代词someone, somebody, nobody, everyone, everything, something等及指示代词this, that作主语时，是第三人称单数。如： Everyone is here. 大家到齐了。 This is a pen. 这是一支钢笔。 5. 不可数名词作主语时为第三人称单数。如： The milk is in the glass. 牛奶在玻璃杯里。 The bread is very small. 那面包很小。 6. 当数字或字母作主语时，也看作第三人称单数。如： "6" is a lucky number. "6"是个吉利数字。 "I" is a letter. "I"是个字母。 【一般现在时随堂练习】 一、写出下列动词第三人称单数的变化形式。 be have come go stay teach write take study watch fly play 二、用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. Mary and I _________(be) good at maths. 2. ________ your mother _________(go) shopping every week? Yes, she __________. 3. We ___________(not play) cards at school. 4. ---Where __________ your father usually _________(have) lunch? ---He usually ________(have) it at the factory. 5. Jack often ______(see) a Beijing opera. 三、按要求转换句型。 1. This moon-cake has some meat in it. (一般疑问句并做否定回答) _________ this moon-cake _______ _______ meat in it? _______, it __________. 2. We go hiking every spring. (提问划线部分) _________ ________ you _________ every spring? 3. Jack runs as quickly as Jim. (否定句) Jack _______ ________ ________ quickly as Jim. 4. He jogs to school in the morning. (提问划线部分) ________ ________ he _______ to school? 5. My home is about half an hour’s walk from the park. (提问划线部分) _______ _______ ________ ________ home from the park? 【一般现在时课后作业】 一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式。 have like drink go stay make look love___________ come watch plant fly do study teach read 二、看图片，选填动词，完成动词短语。 visit take plant collect fly water 1. 2. 3. ___________ a kite ____________ the flowers _____________ grandparents 4. 5. 6. __________ stamps __________ trees ____________ pictures 三、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1. He often ________ (have) dinner at home. 2. Daniel and Tommy _______ (be) in Class One. 3. We (not watch) TV on Monday. 4. Nick ___________ (not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 5. ______ they ________ (like) pears? 四、选择题。 ( ) 1. My sister and I ________ in the same class. A. am B. be C. are D. is ( ) 2. I don’t like mutton（羊肉）, so I ________ have it for dinner. A. usually B. often C. never D. always ( ) 3. -- Does your dad _______ an old car? -- No, he _________. A. has; doesn’t B. have; does C. has; does D. have; doesn’t ( ) 4. John _______ good at music. A. doesn’t B. isn’t C. aren’t D. don’t ( ) 5. How _______ your aunt and uncle go to work every day? A. does B. is C. do D. are ( ) 6. -- _______ they work on weekends? -- No, they ________. A. Does; don’t B. Do; do C. Don’t; do D. Do; don’t 五、按照要求填词，改写下列句子。 1. I am a taxi-driver.（改为否定句） I ________ __________ a taxi-driver. 2. We are in Class 3, Grade 6.（改为否定句） We ________ ________ in Class 3, Grade 6. 3. I don’t have any pencils. （改为肯定句） I __________ _________ pencils. 4. He goes to work by subway.（改为否定句） He _________ ________ to work by subway. 5. Mr. Carter is our English teacher.（改为一般疑问句，并做肯定回答。） _________ Mr. Carter _________ English teacher? Yes, _________ _________. 6. They work on weekends. （改为一般疑问句，并做否定回答） _________ they ________ on weekends? No, _________ ________. 7. She sometimes works in Hong Kong.（改为一般疑问句） __________ she _____________ ______________ in Hong Kong? 8. John is in Class 1. I am in Class 2. （合并句子，句意保持不变） John and I __________ __________ in the same class. 六、用动词的正确形式填空。 1. He often (go)to the farm. 2. His brother (not study) hard. 3. The moon (go)around the earth. 4. She usually （wash）clothes for his parents. 5. your brother (listen) to English every day? 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$