冠词（讲义）-2023-2024学年人教PEP版英语六年级下册

【冠词语法详解】 一、定义 冠词是一种虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词的前面(相当于名词的帽子)，帮助指明名词的含义。英语冠词共有三个，它们是a, an和the, 冠词又可分为定冠词、不定冠词、零冠词。 二、用法 （一）不定冠词的用法 a 、an与数词one 同源，是"一个"的意思，但是表达的意义较one更弱。a用于辅音音素前，而an则用于元音音素前。 1. 表示某一类人或某事物中的任何一个，经常用在第一次提到某人或某物时，用不定冠词起介绍作用，表示一个。 His father is a policeman. 他的父亲是一名警察。 2. 表示人或事物的某一种类, 强调整体, 即以其中的一个代表一类。 A horse is useful to mankind. 马对人类有用。 3. 不定冠词用在事物的"单位"前,如时间, 速度, 价格等意义的名词之前,表示 "每一"。 We often go to school two times a day. 我们常常一天两次去学校。 4. 不定冠词用来指某人某物,但不具体说明任何人或任何物或表示不特定的"某一个"时。如:。 A boy came to see you. 刚才有一个小孩来找你。 小口诀 泛指一类人和物， 可表数量弱于one，时间度量表“每、一”， 固定搭配不能忘。 A Mr. Smith is calling on the phone. 有一位史密斯先生来电话找你。 5. 常见的含有a / an的短语： have a fever 发烧 have a cold 患感冒 have a look 看一眼 have a nice trip 旅途愉快 go for a walk 去散步 have a good time 玩得愉快 提示： （1）在说字母的时候，要注意字母的发音。字母发音以元音音素开头用an，如：an “f”；以辅音音素开头的字母用a，如：a “b”，尤其注意 an hour 一小时 a university student 一位大学生。 （2）当名词前面有形容词修饰时，a / an要放在形容词前面，用a还是用an要取决于这个形容词。如： an old book 一本旧书 a tall tree 一棵大树 （二）定冠词的用法 定冠词the与指示代词this, that, these, those同源，有"那（这）个" "这（那）些"的意思，但较弱，可以和一个名词连用，来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。以下为必须加定冠词的情形: 1. 在表示双方都明白的人或物的名词之前： Take the medicine.　把药吃了。特指双熟悉，上文已提及， 世上独一无二，序数和最高级，某些专有名词，习语与乐器。 Where is the dictionary? 字典在哪儿呢？ Open the window, please. 请把窗户打开。 2. 在上文提到过的人或事的名称之前： He has a book. The book is interesting. 他有一本书。那本书非常的有意思。 3. 在指世上独一无二的事物的名词之前：the sun， the sky， the moon， the earth The earth is bigger than the moon. 地球比月亮大。 4. 与单数名词连用表示一类事物，如：The fox is cunning. 狐狸是狡猾的。 与形容词或分词连用，表示一类人：the rich 富人; the living 生者。 5. 用在序数词和形容词最高级，及形容词only， very， same等前面： （1）Where do you live?　I live on the second floor.　 你住在哪？我住在二层。 （2）表示"越 ......,就越......"时。如: The lighter, the better. 越轻越好 。The more, the better. 越多越好。 （3）表示"两者中比较......"时,用定冠词。如: There are two books on the table. I like the thicker one. 6．用在某些由普通名词构成的专有名词前：the Great Wall(长城)，the People's Park(人民公园)等。 the People's Republic of China　中华人民共和国 the United States　 美国 7．用在表示乐器的名词之前：　 She plays the piano.　她会弹钢琴. The little girl likes to play the violin. 小女孩喜欢拉小提琴。 8．定冠词用在文艺活动,运动场所的名称前。 They are going to the cinema tonight. 他们今晚要去影院看电影。 　　　 9．用在姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人： the Greens　 格林一家人 (或格林夫妇) 10．在方位名词之前，如：in the west on the west 11．在某些短语中　in the day, in the morning (afternoon，evening),　the day after tomorrow　,the day before yesterday,　the next morning,　in the sky (water，field，country),　in the dark,　in the rain,　in the middle (of),　in the end, by the way,　go to the theatre (电影院，戏院) 提示: 定冠词只有the一种形式，用在以辅音音素开头的单词前面时读作/ ð ə /，用在以元音音素开头的词前面时读作/ ði /。 （三）零冠词（不用冠词） 1.在国名、地名、人名等专有名词、抽象名词前。如： Have you been to Shanghai? 你去过上海吗？ 2.在季节、月份、星期、一日三餐的名词前面。如： It is hot in summer. 夏天天气很热。 It’s Tuesday, August 22nd. 今天是8月22日，星期二。 When do you have breakfast? 你什么时间吃早饭？ 3.称呼语、表示头衔、职务的名词前也不用冠词。如： Tom, this is Susan. Tom, 这是Susan。 4.学科、球类运动和棋类的名称前不用冠词。如： We study English. 我们学习英语。 Do you like to play football / soccer? 你喜欢踢足球吗？ 5.当名词前有了this, that, his, my, any等限定词时，就不再用定冠词。如： This is my schoolbag. 这是我的书包。 That girl over there is my sister. 那边那个女孩是我的妹妹。 6.某些节日的名称前也不用冠词。如： National Day 国庆节 New Year’s Day 元旦 冠词使用口诀: 泛指用a/ an，单数可数；特指用the，不特不the。 释：1）泛指用a/ an，单数可数——泛指的单数可数名词前要用a/ an。2）特指用the——如果是特指，那么无论是可数名词单数、复数或不可数名词前均要用the。3）不特不the——不特指则不用the，包括泛指的可数名词单数前用a/ an，泛指的可数名词复数前不用冠词，泛指的不可数名词前也不用冠词三种情况。 【冠词随堂练习】 一、选择题 ( )1. He gave my sister _____ useful book yesterday. A. an B. a C. / D. the ( )2. My brother is _____ honest boy, so he has many friends. A. a B. an C. the D. / ( )3. Mary is from _____ USA. A. a B. the C. an D. / ( )4. Don’t play _____ drum. Your grandma is asleep. A. a B. the C. / D. an ( )5. _____ Yangtze River is longer than _____ Yellow River. A. A …a B. The …/ C. The …the D. / … the ( )6. There is a big shelf in the bedroom. On _____ shelf there are _____ many books. A. the …the B. a …the C. the …/ D. / … ./ ( )7. _____ Lis go to the park once _____ month. A. / …a B. The …a C. The …/ D. The …the ( )8. In the United States, Father’s Day falls on _____third Sunday in _____ June. A. the, / B. the, a C. /, the D. a, / ( )9. Bob is _____ eleven-year-old boy, but he knows a lot about Chinese history. A. an B. a C. the D. / ( )10. ---Do you enjoy your stay in Hangzhou? ---Yes. I’ve had _____ wonderful time. A. / B. a C. the D. an 二、按需要填入 a, an 或 the，不需要的用“/”表示 1. It is very hot in __________ summer in Shanghai, isn’t it? 2. She is __________ American girl. She’s from __________ America. 3. It took me __________ hour to finish my homework yesterday. 4. -- What colour is your new __________ skirt? -- It’s __________ white. 5. -- Can you play __________ piano? -- No, I can’t. But my sister can. 6. Susan isn’t __________ doctor. She’s __________ engineer. 7. Sandy lives on __________ twentieth floor. 8. Is there any milk in __________ your fridge? 9. Do you like playing __________ basketball? 10. This is __________ strawberry jam. __________ jam is sweet. 三、阅读短文， 根据需要填入适当的冠词 a，an 或 the，在不需要处填/。 My name is Mary. I have no school today. I get up early in _____ morning. My parents and I go to _____ small village by _____ bus . We visit _____ farmer’s house. _____ farmer’s family is very glad to see us. Their house is very big and clean. It’s near a lake. They can catch fish in _____ lake. There are some fruit trees behind his house. That’s for _____ animals. The farmer often sells his chickens, ducks, fish and vegetables. They are very busy but they are very happy. 【课后作业】 一、填空题 用所给名词的适当形式填空。 　　1. How many________(sheep) are there on the hill? 　　2. There is some________(food) in the basket. 　　3. The baby has only two________(tooth) now. 　　4. There is a lot of________(water) in the bottle. 　　5. There are five________(people ) in his family. 　　6. Let's take________ (photo), OK? 　　7. I have lots of________(tomato) here. 　　8. The________(leaf) on the tree turn yellow. 　　9. The________(child) are playing games on the playground now. 　　10. Their________(dictionary) look new. 　　11. I see you have a few white________(hair). 　　12. They are________(woman) doctors. 　　13. There are many________(fox) in the picture. 　　14 .There are thirty _______ _______ ( woman teacher)in our school. 15. Mary is ____ (Tom) sister. 二、 将下列名词变成复数形式 orange_________ class________ monkey________ piano_________ child________ shelf________ body _________ country________ family________ toy_________ foot________ radio________ photo________ potato________ man_________ knife_________ American________ ship________ dish___________ mouse_________ goose________ wife_________ Chinese________ hero________ 三、 英汉互译 妇女节 ___________________ my sister’s friends___________________ 二十个日本人___________________ Tom and David’s father___________________ 一杯水___________________ ten minutes’ walk___________________ 双胞胎的书房_________________ the gate of the hospital___________________ 很多只绵羊___________________ today’s news_______________________ 四、从B栏中找到合适的A栏的选项。 ( ) 1. I like spring A. because he didn’t catch the bus. ( ) 2. Kate is ill B. but she is strong ( ) 3. Mary is my good friend C. and he can speak it well ( ) 4. She isn’t tall D. but she still goes to school. ( ) 5. He likes English E. because flowers come out. ( ) 6. He was late F. and I am her good friend. 五、在需要的地方填入合适的冠词（注意零冠词的情况）。 1.Which is _________ heaviest bag of all? 2.Jack is _________ only child in his family. 3.__________ girl in red is my friend. 4.She was born in _________ year of 1996. 5.What’s this? It’s ________ egg. 6.Do you like playing __________piano? 7.Do you often play _________ volleyball? 8.Janet has two friends. One is American, _________ other is Australian. 9.The letter is in _________ her bag. 10.We have _______Chinese every day. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$