Unit 5 Languages Around the World 单词短语句式复习语境和语境练习 导学案-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

There are some differences in vocabulary between BrE and AME. For example, the American English words " subway" , " gas", " pants" and " apartment" are " underground", " petrol" ,"trousers" and "flat" in British English. Each nation has (it) own tongue but in my point of view, language changes relate the variety of political systems and (civil) of different countries, and despite these, there are other factors, too. The gaps between languages will become (small) over time. Some languages can date back to the earliest dynasty. With ups and downs of a nation, its language is (constant) changing. No matter how language (develop), it is a symbol of a nation.B1U5 Tom is a native and English is his native language. He can speak standard English as well local dialect. In addition, he has studied Chinese characters and is good at calligraphy. He has learned to carve Chinese characters on animal bones and (shell). He (especial) appreciates classic Chinese literature and regards it his major research subject, so he tries every means to refer to Chinese classics (base) on ancient Chinese culture and civilisation.Tom cares about global affairs and has positive attitude towards life. In his semester paper, he gives a specific (describe) of man's demand and struggle for equal rights. There are some differences in vocabulary between BrE and AME. For example, the American English words " subway" ," gas"," pants" and " apartment" are " underground", " petrol" ,"trousers" and "flat" in British English. Each nation has its own tongue but in my point of view, language changes relate to the variety of political systems and civilizations of different countries, and despite these, there are other factors,too. The gaps between languages will become smaller over time. Some languages can date back to the earliest dynasty. With ups and downs of a nation, its language is constantly changing. No matter how language develops, it is a symbol of a nation. Tom is a native and English is his native language. He can speak standard English as well as local dialect. In addition, he has studied Chinese characters and is good at calligraphy. He has learned to carve Chinese characters on animal bones and shells. He especially appreciates classic Chinese literature and regards it as his major research subject, so he tries every means to refer to Chinese classics based on ancient Chinese culture and civilisation.Tom cares about global affairs and has a positive attitude towards life. In his semester paper, he gives a specific description of man's demand and struggle for equal rights. 第 1 页 共 3 页 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 Despite many ups and downs, the ancient Chinese civilization has continued its way into modern times. One of the specific factors is the Chinese writing 1 which is known as Chinese calligraphy. Written Chinese used to be a picture-based language, 2 several thousand years ago. It was a time when ancient Chinese 3 symbols on varieties of animal bones or shells(壳). Later in Eastern Jin Dynasty(317 AD-420 AD),by means of using 4 ,a famous character, Wang Xizhi,5 a great number of classics,making calligraphy one of the most 6 appreciated art forms. Even today,his works are still 7 as one of the finest. With China playing a more and more important role in 8 affairs,it is obvious that Chinese is 9 with billions of people all over the world. A great number of foreigners 10 in Chinese, From my point of view,11 learning the Chinese writing system, these majors can also communicate with us 12 speakers,refer to dictionaries often to 13 vocabulary,and read reference books to learn grammar rules. What's more, however hard they might be 14 in learning Chinese,they should have the 15 of never giving up. ( )1. A. system B. strategy C. lecture D.factor ( )2. A. getting hold of B. looking forward to C. taking into account D. dating back to ( )3.A. printed B. carved C. copied D. translated ( )4. A. kits B. pencils C. brushes D.metals ( )5.A. created B. supplied C. affected D.revised ( )6.A.relatively B. widely C. powerfully D. obviously ( )7. A. chosen B. recommended C. regarded D.used ( )8, A. national B. global C, official D. personal ( )9. A. covered B. compared C. connected D. filled ( )10. A. believe B. bring C.take D.major ( )11. A. except B. through C. besides D.without ( )12. A. native B. wise C. positive D.anxious ( )13.A. lengthen B. accept C. supply D.enlarge ( )14. A. struggling B. failing C. competing D. debating ( )15.A.view B. request C. promise D. attitude Dear Changtian, Learning that you have trouble in 1. (learn) English,I am writing to put forward some advice. To begin with,if I were you,I would spare no effort 2. (tell) the difference between American English and British English,such as the words petrol and gas,flat and apartment as well as underground and subway. In addition, it is of great 3. (important) to get used to how fast native speakers talk by listening to English news. This means 4. (play) an important role in improving your listening ability. Moreover,it is 5. great idea to turn to your American friend Kelly, from whom you can get face-to-face help. The reason 6. I recommend Kelly is that you are equals and there is no generation gap 7. you two. No matter what difficulties you meet,she will 8. (sure) help you out. Last but not least, I would like to suggest that you should describe your ideas specifically using the expressions 9. (relate) to the topic when writing English passages. As time goes by, you will make progress in this demanding learning process. Hopefully, these 10. (suggestion) will be of help and lead to your improvement in English. Yours, Helen Despite many ups and downs,the ancient Chinese civilization has continued its way into modern times. One of the specific factors is the Chinese writing system which is known as Chinese calligraphy. Written Chinese used to be a picture-based language, dating back to several thousand years ago. It was a time when ancient Chinese carved symbols on varieties of animal bones or shells. Later in Eastern Jin Dynasty(317 AD-420 AD),by means of using brushes, a famous character , Wang Xizhi, created a great number of classics, making calligraphy one of the most widely appreciated art forms. Even today,his works are still regarded as one of the finest. With China playing a more and more important role in global affairs,it is obvious that Chinese is connected with billions of people all over the world. A great number of foreigners major in Chinese. From my point of view , besides learning the Chinese writing system, these majors can also communicate with us native speakers,refer to dictionaries often to enlarge vocabulary, and read reference books to learn grammar rules. What's more, however hard they might be struggling in learning Chinese,they should have the attitude of never giving up. Dear Changtian, Learning that you have trouble in learning English, I am writing to put forward some advice. To begin with, if I were you, I would spare no effort to tell the difference between American English and British English,such as the words petrol and gas,flat and apartment as well as underground and subway. In addition,it is of great importance to get used to how fast native speakers talk by listening to English news. This means plays an important role in improving your listening ability.Moreover, it is a great idea to turn to your American friend Kelly, from whom you can get face-to-face help. The reason why I recommend Kelly is that you are equals and there is no generation gap between you two. No matter what difficulties you meet,she will surely help you out. Last but not least,I would like to suggest that you should describe your ideas specifically using the expressions related to the topic when writing English passages. As time goes by,you will make progress in this demanding learning process. Hopefully, these suggestions will be of help and lead to your improvement in English. Yours, Helen 拓展词汇 1. vi.提到;参考;查阅 vt.查询;叫……求助于 n.指称关系;参考 2. vt.以……为基础;以……为据点 n.底部;根据 adj.以(某事)为基础的;以……为重要部分(或特征)的 3. n.符号;象征 v.象征 4. vi.(大小、形状等)不同;(根据情况)变化;改变 n.(植物、语言等的)变体;异体;多样化 adj.多样化的;各种各样的 5. adj.主要的;重要的;大的 n.主修课程;主修学生 vi.主修;专门研究 n.大部分 6. adj.传统的;最优秀的;典型的 n.经典作品;名著 adj.古典的;经典的 7. n.文字;符号;角色;品质;特点 adj.典型的;特有的 n.特征;特点;品质 8. n.地球;地球仪;球体 adj.全球的;全世界的 v.(使)全球化 n.全球化 9. vt.欣赏;重视;感激;领会 vi.增值 n.欣赏;感谢;理解 10. adj.相同的;同样的 n.同等的人;相等物 n.平等;相等 equally adv.同样地;相等地;公平地 11. vt.描写 n.描写(文字);形容 12. n.要求;需求 vt.强烈要求;需要 vi.查问 adj.要求高的;要求严格的 13. vt.联系;讲述 adj.有关的,相关的 n.[C]家人;亲属;关系 单词用法 指的是;描述;提到;查阅 ① vi.提到;参考;查阅 vt.查询;让……求助于 .把……交给…… .把……称作…… ② n.提及;指称关系;参考;查阅 关于 关于餐桌礼仪,我想给你一些建议,希望它们能对你有所帮助。 table manners,I want to give you some suggestions and hope that they will be helpful to you. You can solve problems with the help of (refer) books,such as a dictionary. prep.即使;尽管 = 尽管 从句 尽管事实如此…… +n. 尽管…… Despite the fact the school life is full of fun and friendship,I prefer to live in the rented room. 尽管我参加过许多考试,我仍然感到有点紧张。 Despite ,I still feel a little bit nervous. adj.以(某事)为基础的;以……为重要部分(或特征)的 ① .以……为基础;依据…… ② vt.以……为据点;以……为基础 n.底部;根据 .……以……为基础/根据 ③ n.基础;根据;基点 在……的基础上 每天/定期地 ④ adj.基本的;基础的 First,he showed us the (base) steps and skills of making dough figurines(面塑). As far as I'm concerned,common hobbies are the (base) of making friends. My work (base) on the true stories occurring in Li's family. 追溯到 ① 起源于;追溯到 ② 为……设定一个日期 过时的;陈旧的 现代的;最新的 与……预约/约会 [写作佳句] To popularize traditional Chinese festivals,learning about their origins,which can ancient times,is of great significance. 为了普及中国传统节日,了解它们的起源是非常重要的,它们的起源可以追溯到古代。 My interest in stamp collecting (date) back to my schooldays. (date) from 1933,the South Lake Park in Changchun is located in the southwestern part of the Changchun city. We should keep on getting ourselves educated so as to be up date with modern technology. 中国的饮茶文化源远流长,可以追溯到1 000多年前。 Chinese tea drinking culture has a long history . n.(植物、语言等的)变体;异体;多样化 ① 各种各样的 ② vi.(根据情况)变化,改变;(大小、形状等)不同 .随……而变化 在……方面不同/有差异 由……到……情况不等/不同 ③ adj.各种各样的;各种不同的 (2022 全国甲卷改编)Some of these cultural dining etiquette(礼节) rules may seem random and strange,but they are important in s(vary) countries. 说到中国传统文化,有各种各样的形式可供我们选择,如书法、武术、油画、剪纸等。 Speaking of traditional Chinese culture,there are forms for us to choose from,such as calligraphy,martial arts,oil paintings,paper cutting and so on. adj.主要的;重要的;大的 n.主修课程;主修学生 vi.主修;专门研究 ① 主修 ② n.大多数;多数票 占大多数 大多数…… ①the majority单独作主语时,谓语动词可用单数也可用复数。 ②“the/a majority of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的数与 of后面的名词的数保持一致。 Even though some villagers are quite strange,the majority of them (be) really friendly. The young man has won the election by a narrow (major). n.方式;方法;途径 ① 用……方法;借助…… ② 用这种方法 ③ 务必,一定,当然可以 ④ 无论如何,以任何手段 ⑤ 绝不,无论如何也不(位于句首时,句子需用部分倒装) means是单复数同形的名词,其谓语动词的数取决于means 前的修饰语: ①若all/some/several/many means作主语,谓语动词用复数形式; ②若every/each/one/a means作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。 Punishment is by no means a wise choice to help them grow up mentally and physically. By no means to help them grow up mentally and physically. Every possible means has been tried,but none has worked. All possible means ,but none has worked. n.尊重;关注 vt.把……视为;看待 ① 关于;至于 非常尊敬/敬佩 认为……是……;把……看作…… ② n.注意;关心;尊重;(pl.)问候,致意 向某人问候 regard to gifts,in my opinion,some traditional Chinese cakes and fruits will be OK. (2021 全国乙卷改编)Ecotourism is commonly regarded low impact(影响) travel to undisturbed places. 我非常珍惜这份友谊,并且我把这份友谊看作我生活的一部分。 I treasure the friendship very much,and I . vt.欣赏;重视;感激;领会 vi.增值 ① 重视/感激…… 假如……,我将不胜感激。 ② n.欣赏;感激 作为对……的感谢 因某事表达对某人的感激之情 I don't appreciate (treat) like a stranger. At the end of each performance,the audience broke into thunderous applause to show their (appreciate) of the performers' work. I would be grateful if you could give us some advice on how to improve our robots. if you could give us some advice on how to improve our robots. n.& vi.斗争;奋斗;搏斗 ① 为……而斗争 ② 与……斗争 ③ 与……斗争;和……并肩奋斗 ④ 努力/挣扎着做某事 ⑤ 挣扎着站起来 [写作佳句] China during the decades despite varieties of difficulties. 在过去的几十年里,尽管有很多困难,中国一直在努力探索太空。 (2021 天津6月卷改编)This was the first time I struggled (learn) a song,because my voice cracked(破音) as I switched to a head voice. hey had to struggle their lives weather and wild animals. I struggled the word puzzle until I was about to give up and throw it away. 尽管她很虚弱,她还是挣扎着站了起来,继续寻求救援。 Weak as she was,she ,continuing searching for rescue. 在……方面有麻烦 ① .在……方面有困难 ② 做某事有困难 ③ 做某事毫不费力 Not having got enough hands,we had great trouble (carry) out the task. Whenever we have trouble our studies,teachers help us out patiently. 在我妈妈看来,如果我没有把我所有的时间都花在学习上,我将很难进入我梦想的大学。 In my mother's opinion,if I hadn't spent all my time on my study,I would . n.同等的人;相等物adj.相同的;同样的 v.与……相等;比得上;敌得过 ① 等于;能胜任(做)某事 ② 无与伦比 ③ n.相等;平等 ④ adv.相等地;平等地;同样地 表示“胜任……”的其他常见表达: ① ② ③ 在我们班,她的英语是无与伦比的。 In our class,she is in English. attractive are the tips on how to learn English,which is of great significance to my English study. 同样吸引人的是关于如何学习英语的技巧,这对我的英语学习有重要的意义。 n.要求;需求 vt.强烈要求;需要 vi.查问 ① 需求大;受欢迎 满足某人的需求 ② 向某人要求某物 要求做某事 要求某人做某事 ③ adj.苛求的;要求高的;费力的 She loved helping others and found the job as a nurse (demand),but always rewarding. (2022 全国乙卷改编)The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time (demand) placed on the friend who has moved. vt.联系;讲述 ① 与……相关;涉及;谈到 给某人讲述/叙述某事 ② adj.相关的;有亲属关系的 和……有关的;和……有联系的 ③ n.关系 Word came that our class is going to hold a class meeting whose topic . 有消息说我们班级要开一次班会,主题是关于中国传统习俗的。 relation更抽象一些,侧重事物间的关系;relationship更富有感情色彩,侧重个人关系或友谊。 (2022 全国甲卷改编)One day,he talked with me and hoped to mend our (relation). I would appreciate it very much if you could send me some (relate) materials about the project. 课前,你可以读一些与唐朝历史相关的书,以便更好地欣赏诗歌。 Before class,you can read the history of the Tang Dynasty to better appreciate the poems. 短语互译 1.浮沉;兴衰;荣辱 2.追溯到 3.指的是;描述;提到;查阅 4. 对……的态度 5. 注意 6. 非常重要 7. 因……而出名 8. 引起;导致 9. 把……和……连接起来 10. 在……方面起作用 1.观点;看法 2.在……方面有困难 3.适应;习惯 4.把……与……相比 5.依靠;取决于 6. 弥合……之间的差距 7. 接近;与……关系密切 8 比……年长/职位高 9. 记住…… 10. 与……相关;涉及;谈到 1. I don't doubt that our country will play a more and more important part in the world (affair). 2. As a result,we often take part in (vary) of after school activities. 3. Up to now,all possible means (try) to find a way to settle the problem. 4. What is your attitude senior high students taking up a part time job? 5. Randall Flagg is one of the scariest (character) ever. 6. Nowadays,cycling,along with jogging and swimming, (regard) as one of the best all round forms of exercise. 7. This is small talk,and the name,it's actually a big part of daily life. 8. A code uses (symbol) to replace words,phrases,or sentences. 9. When I have a different opinion,I may choose to give it up and respect the opinion of the (major). 10. According to Mr Green,the (globe) economy is becoming better and better. 11. As we turned to head home,I realized how wrong I was and (beg) him to turn back. 12. Visitors would like to live in (apartment)at the seaside in the countryside. 13. It is a (demand) role and she needs to work hard at it. 14. The park is beautiful beyond (describe). 15. Some students have trouble science subjects. 16. I got annoyed every time my parents compared me my deskmate,Vannilyn. 17. Jane told him not to depend others,including his mother,to finish the task. 18. I had a close friend in my college who was two years senior me. 19. I think it is common for you not to get used the life there,so don't worry too much. 尽管历史跌宕起伏,古老的中华文明仍然延续到了现代。其中一个特别的因素是汉字书写体系,即中国书法。 书面汉语过去是一种基于图形的语言,可以追溯到几千年前。那是一个古代中国人在各种动物骨骼或贝壳上刻画符号的时代。后来在东晋(公元317-420年)时期,著名人物王羲之用毛笔的方式创作了大量的经典作品,使书法成为最被广泛欣赏的艺术形式之一。直到今天,他的作品仍然被认为是最优秀的作品之一。 随着中国在全球事务中扮演着越来越重要的角色,显然,汉语与世界各地数十亿人有着密切的联系。许多外国人都主修汉语。 在我看来,除了学习汉字书写体系外,这些专业学生也可以与我们母语人士交流、经常查阅词典以扩大词汇量、阅读参考书以学习语法规则。但最重要的是,无论他们在学习汉语方面多么困难,他们应该有永不放弃的态度。 亲爱的昌天: 得知你在学习英语方面有困难,我写信是想给你提出一些建议。 首先,如果我是你,我会不遗余力地去区别美式英语和英式英语,比如petrol(汽油)和gas(汽油),flat(公寓)和apartment(公寓),underground(地铁)和subway(地铁)。此外,听英语新闻来习惯母语人士讲得有多快也是非常重要的。这个方法在提高听力能力方面起着重要作用。此外,向你的美国朋友Kelly求助是个好主意,你可以从她那里得到面对面的帮助。我推荐Kelly 的原因是作为同龄人,你们之间没有代沟。不管你遇到什么困难,她一定会帮你解决。最后但同样重要的是,我建议你在写英语文章时,应该用与主题相关的句子来具体描述你的想法。随着时间的推移,你将在这一高要求的学习过程中取得进步。 希望这些建议能帮助你带来英语水平上的提高。 你的, Helen 拓展词汇 1. refer(referred,referred,referring)vi.提到;参考;查阅 vt.查询;叫……求助于 reference n.指称关系;参考 2. base vt.以……为基础;以……为据点 n.底部;根据 based adj.以(某事)为基础的;以……为重要部分(或特征)的 3. symbol n.符号;象征 symbolize v.象征 4. vary vi.(大小、形状等)不同;(根据情况)变化;改变 variety n.(植物、语言等的)变体;异体;多样化 various adj.多样化的;各种各样的 5. major adj.主要的;重要的;大的 n.主修课程;主修学生 vi.主修;专门研究 majority n.大部分 6. classic adj.传统的;最优秀的;典型的 n.经典作品;名著 classical adj.古典的;经典的 7. character n.文字;符号;角色;品质;特点 characteristic adj.典型的;特有的 n.特征;特点;品质 8. globe n.地球;地球仪;球体 global adj.全球的;全世界的 globalize v.(使)全球化 globalization n.全球化 9. appreciate vt.欣赏;重视;感激;领会 vi.增值 appreciation n.欣赏;感谢;理解 10. equal adj.相同的;同样的 n.同等的人;相等物 equality n.平等;相等 equally adv.同样地;相等地;公平地 11. describe vt.描写 description n.描写(文字);形容 12. demand n.要求;需求 vt.强烈要求;需要 vi.查问 demanding adj.要求高的;要求严格的 13. relate vt.联系;讲述 related adj.有关的,相关的 relation n.[C]家人;亲属;关系 单词用法 refer to 指的是;描述;提到;查阅 ①refer vi.提到;参考;查阅 vt.查询;让……求助于 refer ...to ...把……交给…… refer to ...as ...把……称作…… ②reference n.提及;指称关系;参考;查阅 in/with reference to关于 关于餐桌礼仪,我想给你一些建议,希望它们能对你有所帮助。 In/With reference to table manners,I want to give you some suggestions and hope that they will be helpful to you. You can solve problems with the help of reference(refer) books,such as a dictionary. despite prep.即使;尽管 in spite of=despite尽管 despite/in spite of the fact that从句 尽管事实如此…… despite/in spite of+n. 尽管…… Despite the fact that the school life is full of fun and friendship,I prefer to live in the rented room. 尽管我参加过许多考试,我仍然感到有点紧张。 Despite having taken so many tests,I still feel a little bit nervous. based adj.以(某事)为基础的;以……为重要部分(或特征)的 ①be based on/upon ...以……为基础;依据…… ②base vt.以……为据点;以……为基础 n.底部;根据 base ...on/upon ...……以……为基础/根据 ③basis n.基础;根据;基点 on the basis of ...在……的基础上 on a daily/regular basis 每天/定期地 ④basic adj.基本的;基础的 First,he showed us the basic(base) steps and skills of making dough figurines(面塑). As far as I'm concerned,common hobbies are the basis(base) of making friends. My work is based(base) on the true stories occurring in Li's family. date back (to ...)追溯到 ①date back to=date from起源于;追溯到 ②set a date for ...为……设定一个日期 out of date 过时的;陈旧的 up to date 现代的;最新的 make a date with ...与……预约/约会 [写作佳句] To popularize traditional Chinese festivals,learning about their origins,which can date back to ancient times,is of great significance. 为了普及中国传统节日,了解它们的起源是非常重要的,它们的起源可以追溯到古代。 My interest in stamp collecting dates(date) back to my schooldays. Dating(date) from 1933,the South Lake Park in Changchun is located in the southwestern part of the Changchun city. We should keep on getting ourselves educated so as to be up to date with modern technology. 中国的饮茶文化源远流长,可以追溯到1 000多年前。 Chinese tea drinking culture has a long history dating back to more than 1,000 years ago. variety n.(植物、语言等的)变体;异体;多样化 ①a variety of=varieties of 各种各样的 ②vary vi.(根据情况)变化,改变;(大小、形状等)不同 vary with ...随……而变化 vary in ...在……方面不同/有差异 vary from ...to ...由……到……情况不等/不同 ③various adj.各种各样的;各种不同的 (2022 全国甲卷改编)Some of these cultural dining etiquette(礼节) rules may seem random and strange,but they are important in various(vary) countries. 说到中国传统文化,有各种各样的形式可供我们选择,如书法、武术、油画、剪纸等。 Speaking of traditional Chinese culture,there are a variety of/varieties of/various forms for us to choose from,such as calligraphy,martial arts,oil paintings,paper cutting and so on. major adj.主要的;重要的;大的 n.主修课程;主修学生 vi.主修;专门研究 ①major in主修 ②majority n.大多数;多数票 in the/a majority占大多数 a/the majority of ...大多数…… ①the majority单独作主语时,谓语动词可用单数也可用复数。 ②“the/a majority of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的数与 of后面的名词的数保持一致。 Even though some villagers are quite strange,the majority of them are(be) really friendly. The young man has won the election by a narrow majority(major). means n.方式;方法;途径 ①by means of ...用……方法;借助…… ②by this means 用这种方法 ③by all means 务必,一定,当然可以 ④by any means 无论如何,以任何手段 ⑤by no means 绝不,无论如何也不(位于句首时,句子需用部分倒装) means是单复数同形的名词,其谓语动词的数取决于means 前的修饰语: ①若all/some/several/many means作主语,谓语动词用复数形式; ②若every/each/one/a means作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。 Punishment is by no means a wise choice to help them grow up mentally and physically. By no means is punishment a wise choice to help them grow up mentally and physically. Every possible means has been tried,but none has worked. All possible means have been tried,but none has worked. regard n.尊重;关注 vt.把……视为;看待 ①with/in regard to 关于;至于 a high regard for 非常尊敬/敬佩 regard ...as ...认为……是……;把……看作…… ②regard n.注意;关心;尊重;(pl.)问候,致意 give regards to sb.向某人问候 With/In regard to gifts,in my opinion,some traditional Chinese cakes and fruits will be OK. (2021 全国乙卷改编)Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact(影响) travel to undisturbed places. 我非常珍惜这份友谊,并且我把这份友谊看作我生活的一部分。 I treasure the friendship very much,and I regard the friendship as part of my life. appreciate vt.欣赏;重视;感激;领会 vi.增值 ①appreciate+n./pron./v. ing 重视/感激…… I would appreciate it if ...假如……,我将不胜感激。 ②appreciation n.欣赏;感激 in appreciation of ...作为对……的感谢 express one's appreciation to sb.for sth.因某事表达对某人的感激之情 I don't appreciate being treated(treat) like a stranger. At the end of each performance,the audience broke into thunderous applause to show their appreciation(appreciate) of the performers' work. I would be grateful if you could give us some advice on how to improve our robots. I would appreciate it if you could give us some advice on how to improve our robots. struggle n.& vi.斗争;奋斗;搏斗 ①struggle for ...为……而斗争 ②struggle against ...与……斗争 ③struggle with ...与……斗争;和……并肩奋斗 ④struggle to do sth.努力/挣扎着做某事 ⑤struggle to one's feet 挣扎着站起来 [写作佳句] China has struggled to explore the space during the decades despite varieties of difficulties. 在过去的几十年里,尽管有很多困难,中国一直在努力探索太空。 (2021 天津6月卷改编)This was the first time I struggled to learn(learn) a song,because my voice cracked(破音) as I switched to a head voice. hey had to struggle for their lives against weather and wild animals. I struggled with/against the word puzzle until I was about to give up and throw it away. 尽管她很虚弱,她还是挣扎着站了起来,继续寻求救援。 Weak as she was,she struggled to her feet,continuing searching for rescue. have trouble with sth.在……方面有麻烦 ①have difficulty/problems with sth.在……方面有困难 ②have trouble/difficulty/problems (in) doing sth.做某事有困难 ③have no trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth.做某事毫不费力 Not having got enough hands,we had great trouble carrying(carry) out the task. Whenever we have trouble with our studies,teachers help us out patiently. 在我妈妈看来,如果我没有把我所有的时间都花在学习上,我将很难进入我梦想的大学。 In my mother's opinion,if I hadn't spent all my time on my study,I would have difficulty in entering my dream university. equal n.同等的人;相等物adj.相同的;同样的 v.与……相等;比得上;敌得过 ①be equal to (doing) sth.等于;能胜任(做)某事 ②be without equal 无与伦比 ③equality n.相等;平等 ④equally adv.相等地;平等地;同样地 表示“胜任……”的其他常见表达: ①be fit for ②be up to ③be qualified for 在我们班,她的英语是无与伦比的。 In our class,she is without equal in English. Equally attractive are the tips on how to learn English,which is of great significance to my English study. 同样吸引人的是关于如何学习英语的技巧,这对我的英语学习有重要的意义。 demand n.要求;需求 vt.强烈要求;需要 vi.查问 ①in demand需求大;受欢迎 meet one's demand(s) 满足某人的需求 ②demand sth.of sb.向某人要求某物 demand to do sth.要求做某事 demand that sb.(should) do sth.要求某人做某事 ③demanding adj.苛求的;要求高的;费力的 She loved helping others and found the job as a nurse demanding(demand),but always rewarding. (2022 全国乙卷改编)The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands(demand) placed on the friend who has moved. relate vt.联系;讲述 ①relate to 与……相关;涉及;谈到 relate sth.to sb.给某人讲述/叙述某事 ②related adj.相关的;有亲属关系的 be related to/with ...和……有关的;和……有联系的 ③relation n.关系 Word came that our class is going to hold a class meeting whose topic is related to traditional Chinese customs. 有消息说我们班级要开一次班会,主题是关于中国传统习俗的。 relation更抽象一些,侧重事物间的关系;relationship更富有感情色彩,侧重个人关系或友谊。 (2022 全国甲卷改编)One day,he talked with me and hoped to mend our relations (relation). I would appreciate it very much if you could send me some related(relate) materials about the project. 课前,你可以读一些与唐朝历史相关的书,以便更好地欣赏诗歌。 Before class,you can read some books (that are) related to the history of the Tang Dynasty to better appreciate the poems. 短语互译 1.浮沉;兴衰;荣辱 ups and downs 2.追溯到 date back (to ...) 3.指的是;描述;提到;查阅 refer to 4.attitude to/towards ... 对……的态度 5.pay attention to 注意 6.be of great importance 非常重要 7.be known for ... 因……而出名 8.lead to 引起;导致 9.connect ...with ... 把……和……连接起来 10.play a role in ... 在……方面起作用 1.观点;看法 point of view 2.在……方面有困难 have trouble with 3.适应;习惯 get used to 4.把……与……相比 compare ...with ... 5.依靠;取决于 depend on 6.bridge the gap between 弥合……之间的差距 7.be close to 接近;与……关系密切 8.be senior to 比……年长/职位高 9.keep ...in one's head 记住…… 10.relate to 与……相关;涉及;谈到 1. I don't doubt that our country will play a more and more important part in the world affairs(affair). 2. As a result,we often take part in varieties(vary) of after school activities. 3. Up to now,all possible means have been tried(try) to find a way to settle the problem. 4. What is your attitude to/towards senior high students taking up a part time job? 5. Randall Flagg is one of the scariest characters(character) ever. 6. Nowadays,cycling,along with jogging and swimming,is regarded(regard) as one of the best all round forms of exercise. 7. This is small talk,and despite the name,it's actually a big part of daily life. 8. A code uses symbols(symbol) to replace words,phrases,or sentences. 9. When I have a different opinion,I may choose to give it up and respect the opinion of the majority(major). 10. According to Mr Green,the global(globe) economy is becoming better and better. 11. As we turned to head home,I realized how wrong I was and begged(beg) him to turn back. 12. Visitors would like to live in apartments(apartment)at the seaside in the countryside. 13. It is a demanding(demand) role and she needs to work hard at it. 14. The park is beautiful beyond description(describe). 15. Some students have trouble with/in science subjects. 16. I got annoyed every time my parents compared me with my deskmate,Vannilyn. 17. Jane told him not to depend on others,including his mother,to finish the task. 18. I had a close friend in my college who was two years senior to me. 19. I think it is common for you not to get used to the life there,so don't worry too much. $$