2025年人教版中考高分英语一轮语法巩固——代词 讲义

初一英语语法从入门到精通——代词 定义：代词是用来代替 名词 的词，也用来代替起名词性作用的短语和句子。英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、疑问代词、关系代词、不定代词等类型。 一．人称代词：用于代替 人和物 的代词，有人称（第一人称、第二人称和第三人称）、数（单数和复数）. 第一人称单数 第二人称单数 第三人称单数 第一人称复数 第二人称复数 第三人称复数 主格 I you he she it we you they 宾格 me you him her it us you them 主格——用来做句子的主语，通常放在句首位置 ·I like table tennis. ·He is a student. ·They are my friends. 宾格——用来做及物动词或者介词的宾语，通常放在及物动词或介词后 ·The teacher likes him. ·I like it. 2． 物主代词： 第一人称单数 第二人称单数 第三人称单数 第一人称复数 第二人称复数 第三人称复数 形容词性 my your his her its our your their 名词 性 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs 形容词性物主代词——用于修饰名词，即“形物代+名词” 名词性物主代词——用于代替形容词性物主代词+名词 ·This is my book. ·This book is mine. 练习:用括号中的适当形式填空 1. _____(I) don’t like_____(I) watch.____(I) like_____(you). 2. _____(he) can wash_____(he) clothes.Can____(you) wash_____(you)? 3. _____(she) apple is bigger than_____(I). 4. _____(they) are best friends, and everyone likes_____(they). 答案： I; my; I; yours; He; his; you; yours; Her; mine; They; them; 3． 反身代词 第一人 称单数 第二人 称单数 第三人称单数 第一人称 复数 第二人称 复数 第三人称 复数 myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves yourselves themselves 反身代词在句子中作宾语表示反射（指一个动作回到该动作执行者本身） ·You should take care of yourself. 在句子中作同位语表示强调（即用来强调名词或代词的语气） ·The story itself is good. 练习： 1. ——Li Mei can speak Japanese so well! Who taught her? ——Nobody.She taught . A. her B.hers C.herself D.she 2. If people have problems,they should keep them to_____and ask for help. A. ourselves B.yourselves C.themselves D.itself 3. Jack looked carefully at _____ in the mirror before going outside. A. her B.him C.herself D.himself 4. I can do it by . A. I B.my C.myself D.me 5. Last month, I went to the computer museum with my parents.We enjoyed and learned a lot. A.us B.ourselves C.our D.we 答案：CCDCB 四．指示代词 单数 复数 含义 this（这个） these（这些） 时间或空间上较近的人或者事物 that（那个） those（那些） 时间或空间上较远的人或者事物 指示代词是用来指示或标识事物、情况、时间、地点、距离、程度等的代词。它们的主要功能是替代前文提到的名词或名词短语，以避免重复，同时为读者或听者提供明确的指向。 指示代词既可以单独使用做句子的主语、宾语或表语,也可以作定语修饰名词。 (1). this和these指在时间或空间上较近的人或者事物，that和those指在时间或空间上较远的人或者事物 · This is a pen and that’s an eraser. · This is a boy and those are girls.  (2).用 this 或 these 来代替下文中将要提过的人或事物 · Now, everybody, watch this. (3).为避免重复，有时可用 that 或 those 来代替前面已提到过的人或事物； · She’s very friendly, and that is why we all love her.  练习 1.Look!_____is my book and ____is yours. 2.Look at the picture on the wall.Can you see ____cat? 3.Are_____your pencils? 4.At____time ,he didn’t know what to do because he was too young. 答案： 1.This, that; 2.that; 3.these; 4.that; 五．不定代词 不定代词 用法 some 表示“一些”，用于肯定句中，可以修饰可数名词和不可数名词。 例如：I have some apples.（我有一些苹果。） any 表示“任何”，用于否定句和疑问句中，可以修饰可数名词和不可数名词。例如：I don't have any apples.（我没有任何苹果。） no 表示“没有”，用于否定句中，可以修饰可数名词和不可数名词。 例如：There is no water in the bottle.（瓶子里没有水。） all 表示“所有的”，用于肯定句中，可以修饰可数名词和不可数名词。 例如：All the students are here.（所有的学生都在这里。） both 表示“两者都”，用于肯定句中，修饰可数名词复数。 例如：Both of them are doctors.（他们俩都是医生。） either 表示“两者之一”，用于否定句和疑问句中，修饰可数名词单数。 例如：I don't like either of the books.（这两本书我都不喜欢。） neither 表示“两者都不”，用于否定句中，修饰可数名词复数。 例如：Neither of them is coming.（他们俩都不来。） many 表示“许多”，用于肯定句中，修饰可数名词复数。 例如：There are many books in the library.（图书馆里有很多书。） much 表示“许多”，用于肯定句中，修饰不可数名词。 例如：I have much homework to do.（我有很多作业要做。） few 表示“很少”，用于肯定句中，修饰可数名词复数，表示否定意义。 例如：There are few people in the park.（公园里几乎没有人。） little 表示“很少”，用于肯定句中，修饰不可数名词，表示否定意义。 例如：There is little milk in the bottle.（瓶子里几乎没有牛奶。） a few 表示“几个”，用于肯定句中，修饰可数名词复数，表示肯定意义。 例如：I have a few friends here.（我在这里有几个朋友。） a little 表示“一点”，用于肯定句中，修饰不可数名词，表示肯定意义。 例如：I have a little money left.（我还剩下一点钱。） another 表示“另一个”，用于单数可数名词前，通常指三者或三者以上的另一个。例如：I want another apple.（我想要另一个苹果。） other 表示“其他的”，用于可数名词复数或不可数名词前，通常与the连用。 例如：The other students are playing outside.（其他的学生在外面玩。） others 表示“其他的人或物”，是other的复数形式，通常与the连用，代替可数名词复数。 例如：Some of the students are here, and the others are there.（一些学生在这里，其他的学生在那里。） none 表示“没有人/物”，用于否定句中，可以代替可数名词复数或不可数名词。例如：None of the students are here.（没有一个学生在这里。） 还有其他一些不定代词，如everybody、anybody、something等 1.no和none的用法 1).no是形容词,只能作定语表示,意思是“没有”,修饰可数名词(单数或复数)或不可数名词。 · There is no time left. Please hurry up. · They had no reading books to lend. 2).none只能独立使用,在句子中可做主语、宾语和表语,意思是“没有一个人(或事物)”,表示复数或单数。 · None of them is/are in the classroom. · I have many books, but none is interesting. 2.all和both的用法 1).all指三者或三者以上的人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词或不可数名词。 both指两个人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词。 · I know all of the four British students in their school. · —Would you like this one or that one? · —Both. 2).all和both既可以修饰名词(all/both+(the)+名词),也可以独立使用,采用“all/both + of the +名词(复数)”的形式,其中的of 可以省略。 · All (of) (the) boys are naughty. 3.every和each用法 every是形容词,只能作定语修饰单数名词,意思是“每一个”,表示整体概念； each是形容词、代词,意思是“每个”或者“各个”,表示单个概念； · Every one of the students in his class studies very hard. （他班上每个学生学习都很用功） · They are very busy. Each of them has something to do. （他们很忙,人人都有事干） 4.either和neither的用法 either意思是“两个中间的任何一个” neither是either的否定形式,意思是“两个都不”。 · Either of the two will do. （我不介意喝些什么,两个之中随便哪个都行） · —Will you go there by bus or by car? · —Neither. I will go there by train. （一个都不坐,我坐火车去） 5.other、the other和another的用法 other意思是“另一”、“另一些”,有复数形式。 another意思是“另外”、“又一个”,表示增加,在句中可作宾语和定语。如 · Some girls are singing under the big apple tree and others are sitting on the grass talking. · You have had several cakes. Do you really want another one? （你真的还要一块？) another（另外的,再一,又一）与the other（另外的一个） 主要从数量上区分,只有两个时用the other,在原先基础上增加用another。 · This is one of your socks. Where is the other one? （这是你的一只袜子,还有一只呢？） · I have eaten 4 cakes, but I still want another. （我已经吃了4块蛋糕,但是我还要一块。） 6. others与the others的主要区别 others指“剩余的人/物”（指大部分）；the others指“其余的人/物”,（指全部）. · A few students are playing soccer while others are watching them. （有几个学生在踢足球,其他一些人在观看） · Two of the ten boys are standing and the others are sitting round them. （十个男孩中有两个站着,其他人都围着他们坐着。） 7.many和much的用法 many意思是“很多”,与可数名词复数连用。 much意思是“很多”,与不可数名词连用。 · I don’t have many friends here.（在这里我没有很多的朋友。） · Much time was wasted.（许多时间都被浪费掉了。） 8.few、little、a few、a little的用法 a few, few后接可数名词复数；a little, little: 后接不可数名词 a few, a little表示“肯定”一些，相当于some; few, little表示“否定”，几乎没有，相当于no。 · He is very poor and he has little money. （他很穷,几乎没有什么钱） · Don’t worry. There is still a little time left. （别着急,还有一点儿时间呢） 9.复合不定代词 every-, some-, any-, no- + -body/ -one/ -thing/ -where 10. one与ones的用法 用来代替上文一个或多个人或事物,前面可以加冠词、形容词、指示代词、which等。 · Which jacket would you like, this one or that one?（你喜欢哪件夹克，这件还是那件？） · I don’t like the green ones. （我不喜欢这些绿色的东西。） 11.none、no one、nobody、nothing的区别 no one和nobody都表示“没有人”,仅指人,后面不跟of 短语,做主语时谓语用单数形式； none表示“没有一个人/物”,可指人也可以指物,后面可跟of短语,做主语时谓语可用单数也可用复数。 nothing 表物，后面不跟of 短语。nothing; no one; nobody 指代无范围事物；而none有范围。 · No one knows how he managed to get the ticket. （没有人知道他是怎样搞到那张票的） · Nobody handed in his/their composition(s) yesterday. （昨天没有一个人交作文） · None of my friends came to see me that day. （那天没有一个朋友来看我） （1）There isn't _____ water in the bottle. Could you please get me _____? A. any; some B. some; any C. any; any D. some; some （2）Both of my parents enjoy _____ kind of music, but _____ of them can play an instrument. A. this; neither B. that; either C. these; none D. the; both （3）I have _____ books to read, but _____ of them are interesting. A. many; few B. much; a few C. a lot; little D. few; many （4）If you have _____ questions, please raise your hand. A. some B. any C. no D. every （5）_____ of the students in our class like playing football. A. All B. Both C. Every D. Any （6）—Would you like _____ coffee? —No, thanks. I've had _____. A. some; some B. any; any C. some; enough D. any; some （7）There isn't _____ food left for lunch. We need to buy _____ this afternoon. A. any; some B. some; any C. many; much D. a little; few （8）—Do you have _____ brothers or sisters? —No, I don't. I'm an only child. A. any B. some C. no D. every （9）_____ of the two books is interesting, but I don't know which one to choose. A. Both B. Either C. Neither D. All （10）There are _____ people in the park. Some are dancing, _____ are singing. A. many; others B. much; the other C. a few; another D. few; the others 答案： 1.A（否定句中用any，疑问句及表示请求、建议等用some） 2. A（特指某种音乐用this/that，否定两者都用neither） 3. A（books为可数名词复数，用many修饰；但后句表示否定意义，用few） 4. B（疑问句中用any） 5. A（全班学生为三者及以上，用all） 6. C（表示建议时用some，已有足够量用enough） 7. A（否定句中用any，肯定句中表示需要购买用some） 8. A（疑问句中用any） 9. B（两者之一用either） 10. A（people为可数名词复数，用many；表示剩下的人用others） 六．疑问代词 疑问代词在英语中扮演着重要的角色，用于提问以获取关于人、物、情况或数量的信息。常见的疑问代词有who、whom、whose、what、which等。 1.who 用法：询问人的身份或情况，可以作句子的主语、表语或动词的宾语。 例句：Who is that man?（那个男人是谁？） 2.whom 用法：询问人的身份，宾格形式，通常用作动词或介词的宾语。在口语中常用who替代，但在正式写作或紧跟介词时，仍需使用whom。 例句：Whom are you waiting for?（你在等谁？） 3.whose 用法：询问人或物的所属关系，可以作定语。 例句：Whose book is this?（这是谁的书？） 4.what 用法：询问事物、情况或数量，可以作主语、表语或宾语。 例句：What is your favorite color?（你最喜欢的颜色是什么？） 5.which 用法：用于在多个选项中进行选择，可以作主语、宾语或定语。 例句：Which city do you prefer, Beijing or Shanghai?（你更喜欢北京还是上海？） 易混辨析 1.what, which which：选择的范围较小或比较明确时； what:选择的范围较较大或不明确时; Which drink do you like, tea, coffee or milk?  What do you like to drink?  2.what, who who指姓名、关系等 ——Who are you? 你是谁？ ——I am Lily.我是Lily.（名字） what指职业、地位等 ——What are you? 你是干什么的？ ——I am a student.我是一个学生。（职业） 练习 练习一：选择正确的疑问代词填空 1. ______ is your favorite subject? (A. What B. Who) 2. ______ did you go last summer vacation? (A. Where B. When) 3. ______ does your father work? (A. How B. Where) 4. ______ do you usually get up in the morning? (A. When B. Why) 5. ______ do you like pandas? (A. Why B. What) 6. ______ is he wearing a mask? (A. How B. Why) 7. ______ did you learn to ride a bike? (A. When B. What) 8. ______ do you usually have lunch? (A. Where B. How) 练习二：将陈述句改为疑问句 9. My brother went to Beijing last year. → ______ ______ your brother go last year? 10. She likes music because it's relaxing. → ______ ______ she like music? 11. They usually play football in the park. → ______ ______ they usually play football? 12. I get up at 6:30 every day. → ______ ______ you get up every day? 13. He learned to swim when he was five years old. → ______ ______ he learn to swim? 答案： 练习一：选择正确的疑问代词填空 1. What（你最喜欢的科目是什么？） 2. Where（去年暑假你去了哪里？） 3. Where（你爸爸在哪里工作？） 4. When（你通常早上几点起床？） 5. Why（你为什么喜欢熊猫？） 6. Why（他为什么戴着口罩？） 7. When（你什么时候学会骑自行车的？） 8. Where（你通常在哪里吃午饭？） 练习二：将陈述句改为疑问句 9. Where did your brother go last year?（你哥哥去年去了哪里？） 10. Why does she like music?（她为什么喜欢音乐？） 11. Where do they usually play football?（他们通常在哪里踢足球？） 12. When do you get up every day?（你每天什么时候起床？） 13. When did he learn to swim?（他什么时候学会游泳的？） 课后练习 一．补充下表内容 我 你 他 她 它 我们 你们 他们 主格 宾格 形物代 名物代 反身代 答案参照上文 二．用适当的人称代词填空： 　　1. __________ is my aunt. We often visit __________. ( she ) 　　2. China is a developing country. _________is in the east of Asia. ( its ) 　　3. What day is __________ today? — __________ is Thursday. (its) 4. I own a blue bike. The red one isn’t __________. ( I ) 　　5. These new houses are so nice. __________ are very expensive.( them ) 　　6. The fishermen caught a lot of fish, didn’t __________? ( them ) 　　7. Ling Ling is a girl. ____ studies in a primary school. ______ brother lives with 　　____ and helps ____ with______ lessons. ( she ) 　　8. Mike is my classmate. ____ is good at Engliush . ( his ) 　　9. Kate wants a glass of milk. Will you pass it to ____ ? ( she ) 　　10. What’s the weather like today ? ____ is cloudy. ( its ) 答案：1.She, her; 2.It; 3.it; it; 4.mine； 5.They; 6.they; 7.She, Her, her, her, her; 8.He; 9.her; 10.It 三．用形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词填空 　　1. I ate all ____ sandwiches yesterday.( I ) Can I have one of ____ ? ( you ) 　　2. George has lost ____ ( his ) pen. Ask Mary if she will lend him ____ . ( she ) 　　3.. Jack has a dog and so have I. ____ ( he ) dog and ____ ( I ) had a fight (打架). 　　4. The teacher wants you to return that book of ____ ( he ) 　　5. Mr. and Mrs. Green and a friend of ____ are coming to see us. ( they ) 　　6. We are going to Paris to stay with a French friend of ____ . (we ) 答案：1.my, yours; 2.his, hers; 3.His, my; 4.his; 5.theirs; 6.ours 4． 单项选择题 ( ) 1. This is my book. _______ are over there. A. Your B. Yours C. You D. mine ( ) 2. Help _______ to some fish, Jenny. A. yourselves B. yourself C. himself D. herself ( ) 3. _______ is wrong with my watch. It has stopped _______. A. Something, working B. Something, to work C. Anything, working D. Anything, to work ( ) 4. Whose radio is it? It’s _______. A. her B. hers C. she D. herself ( ) 5. The children heard _______ on the island. A. something strange B. anything strange C. strange something D. strange anything ( ) 6. I have three pens. One is red, _______ two are black. A. another B. other C. the other D. the others ( ) 7. There is _______ in today’s newspaper, is there? A. something important B. anything important C. nothing important D. important nothing ( ) 8. I asked Jim and Bob to my house for a meal, but _______ of them came. A. both B. nor C. none D. neither ( ) 9. The man has two sons, and _______ of them are strong. One is tall and _______ is short. A. All, another B. Neither, the other C. Both, another D. Both, the other ( ) 10. The man downstairs found _______ very difficult to get to sleep. A. that B. them C. it D. its ( ) 11. He can speak _______ French, but not _______. A. some, much B. any, much C. much, many D. many, any ( ) 12. Mr. Smith is an old friend of _______. A. I B. me C. my D. mine ( ) 13. Tom is here and a friend of _______ is here, too. A. his father B. his father’s C. he’s father D. he father ( ) 14. Granny is ill and she doesn’t feel like _______. A. to eat something B. to eat anything C. eating something D. eating anything ( ) 15. There isn’t _______ paper in the box. Will you go and get _______ for me? A. any, some B. any, any C. some, some D. some, any ( ) 16. He fell off the ladder but he didn’t hurt _______. A. herself B. his C. him D. himself ( ) 17. Lucy runs faster than _______ in her class. A. any other girls B. any of the other girl C. the other girl D. any other girl ( ) 18. They are both good at English, but _______ of them is good at maths. A. both B. either C. all D. neither ( ) 19. ---- Haven’t you forgotten _______? ----_______? Oh, I forgot my bag. A. anything, Excuse me B. something, Excuse me C. something, Pardon D. everything, Pardon ( ) 20. Did she go to school when she was young? No she taught _______ at home. A. her B. herself C. hers D. she 答案：1. B 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. A 6. C 7. C 8. D 9. D 10. C 11. A 12. D 13. B 14. D 15. A 16. D 17. D 18. D 19. C 20. B 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 中考满分英语一轮语法复习——代词 定义：代词是用来代替 的词，也用来代替起名词性作用的短语和句子。英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、疑问代词、关系代词、不定代词等类型。 一．人称代词：用于代替 的代词，有人称（第一人称、第二人称和第三人称）、数（单数和复数）. 第一人称单数 第二人称单数 第三人称单数 第一人称复数 第二人称复数 第三人称复数 主格 宾格 主格——用来做句子的主语，通常放在句首位置 ·I like table tennis. ·He is a student. ·They are my friends. 宾格——用来做及物动词或者介词的宾语，通常放在及物动词或介词后 ·The teacher likes him. ·I like it. 2． 物主代词： 第一人称单数 第二人称单数 第三人称单数 第一人称复数 第二人称复数 第三人称复数 形容词性 名词 性 形容词性物主代词——用于修饰名词，即“形物代+名词” 名词性物主代词——用于代替形容词性物主代词+名词 ·This is my book. ·This book is mine. 练习:用括号中的适当形式填空 1. _____(I) don’t like_____(I) watch.____(I) like_____(you). 2. _____(he) can wash_____(he) clothes.Can____(you) wash_____(you)? 3. _____(she) apple is bigger than_____(I). 4. _____(they) are best friends, and everyone likes_____(they). 3． 反身代词 第一人 称单数 第二人 称单数 第三人称单数 第一人称 复数 第二人称 复数 第三人称 复数 反身代词在句子中作宾语表示反射（指一个动作回到该动作执行者本身） ·You should take care of yourself. 在句子中作同位语表示强调（即用来强调名词或代词的语气） ·The story itself is good. 练习： 1. ——Li Mei can speak Japanese so well! Who taught her? ——Nobody.She taught . A. her B.hers C.herself D.she 2. If people have problems,they should keep them to_____and ask for help. A. ourselves B.yourselves C.themselves D.itself 3. Jack looked carefully at _____ in the mirror before going outside. A. her B.him C.herself D.himself 4. I can do it by . A. I B.my C.myself D.me 5. Last month, I went to the computer museum with my parents.We enjoyed and learned a lot. A.us B.ourselves C.our D.we 四．指示代词 单数 复数 含义 this（这个） these（这些） 时间或空间上较近的人或者事物 that（那个） those（那些） 时间或空间上较远的人或者事物 指示代词是用来指示或标识事物、情况、时间、地点、距离、程度等的代词。它们的主要功能是替代前文提到的名词或名词短语，以避免重复，同时为读者或听者提供明确的指向。 指示代词既可以单独使用做句子的主语、宾语或表语,也可以作定语修饰名词。 (1). this和these指在时间或空间上较近的人或者事物，that和those指在时间或空间上较远的人或者事物 · This is a pen and that’s an eraser. · This is a boy and those are girls.  (2).用 this 或 these 来代替下文中将要提过的人或事物 · Now, everybody, watch this. (3).为避免重复，有时可用 that 或 those 来代替前面已提到过的人或事物； · She’s very friendly, and that is why we all love her.  练习 1.Look!_____is my book and ____is yours. 2.Look at the picture on the wall.Can you see ____cat? 3.Are_____your pencils? 4.At____time ,he didn’t know what to do because he was too young. 五．不定代词 不定代词 用法 some 表示“一些”，用于肯定句中，可以修饰可数名词和不可数名词。 例如：I have some apples.（我有一些苹果。） any 表示“任何”，用于否定句和疑问句中，可以修饰可数名词和不可数名词。例如：I don't have any apples.（我没有任何苹果。） no 表示“没有”，用于否定句中，可以修饰可数名词和不可数名词。 例如：There is no water in the bottle.（瓶子里没有水。） all 表示“所有的”，用于肯定句中，可以修饰可数名词和不可数名词。 例如：All the students are here.（所有的学生都在这里。） both 表示“两者都”，用于肯定句中，修饰可数名词复数。 例如：Both of them are doctors.（他们俩都是医生。） either 表示“两者之一”，用于否定句和疑问句中，修饰可数名词单数。 例如：I don't like either of the books.（这两本书我都不喜欢。） neither 表示“两者都不”，用于否定句中，修饰可数名词复数。 例如：Neither of them is coming.（他们俩都不来。） many 表示“许多”，用于肯定句中，修饰可数名词复数。 例如：There are many books in the library.（图书馆里有很多书。） much 表示“许多”，用于肯定句中，修饰不可数名词。 例如：I have much homework to do.（我有很多作业要做。） few 表示“很少”，用于肯定句中，修饰可数名词复数，表示否定意义。 例如：There are few people in the park.（公园里几乎没有人。） little 表示“很少”，用于肯定句中，修饰不可数名词，表示否定意义。 例如：There is little milk in the bottle.（瓶子里几乎没有牛奶。） a few 表示“几个”，用于肯定句中，修饰可数名词复数，表示肯定意义。 例如：I have a few friends here.（我在这里有几个朋友。） a little 表示“一点”，用于肯定句中，修饰不可数名词，表示肯定意义。 例如：I have a little money left.（我还剩下一点钱。） another 表示“另一个”，用于单数可数名词前，通常指三者或三者以上的另一个。例如：I want another apple.（我想要另一个苹果。） other 表示“其他的”，用于可数名词复数或不可数名词前，通常与the连用。 例如：The other students are playing outside.（其他的学生在外面玩。） others 表示“其他的人或物”，是other的复数形式，通常与the连用，代替可数名词复数。 例如：Some of the students are here, and the others are there.（一些学生在这里，其他的学生在那里。） none 表示“没有人/物”，用于否定句中，可以代替可数名词复数或不可数名词。例如：None of the students are here.（没有一个学生在这里。） 还有其他一些不定代词，如everybody、anybody、something等 1.no和none的用法 1).no是形容词,只能作定语表示,意思是“没有”,修饰可数名词(单数或复数)或不可数名词。 · There is no time left. Please hurry up. · They had no reading books to lend. 2).none只能独立使用,在句子中可做主语、宾语和表语,意思是“没有一个人(或事物)”,表示复数或单数。 · None of them is/are in the classroom. · I have many books, but none is interesting. 2.all和both的用法 1).all指三者或三者以上的人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词或不可数名词。 both指两个人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词。 · I know all of the four British students in their school. · —Would you like this one or that one? · —Both. 2).all和both既可以修饰名词(all/both+(the)+名词),也可以独立使用,采用“all/both + of the +名词(复数)”的形式,其中的of 可以省略。 · All (of) (the) boys are naughty. 3.every和each用法 every是形容词,只能作定语修饰单数名词,意思是“每一个”,表示整体概念； each是形容词、代词,意思是“每个”或者“各个”,表示单个概念； · Every one of the students in his class studies very hard. （他班上每个学生学习都很用功） · They are very busy. Each of them has something to do. （他们很忙,人人都有事干） 4.either和neither的用法 either意思是“两个中间的任何一个” neither是either的否定形式,意思是“两个都不”。 · Either of the two will do. （我不介意喝些什么,两个之中随便哪个都行） · —Will you go there by bus or by car? · —Neither. I will go there by train. （一个都不坐,我坐火车去） 5.other、the other和another的用法 other意思是“另一”、“另一些”,有复数形式。 another意思是“另外”、“又一个”,表示增加,在句中可作宾语和定语。如 · Some girls are singing under the big apple tree and others are sitting on the grass talking. · You have had several cakes. Do you really want another one? （你真的还要一块？) another（另外的,再一,又一）与the other（另外的一个） 主要从数量上区分,只有两个时用the other,在原先基础上增加用another。 · This is one of your socks. Where is the other one? （这是你的一只袜子,还有一只呢？） · I have eaten 4 cakes, but I still want another. （我已经吃了4块蛋糕,但是我还要一块。） 6. others与the others的主要区别 others指“剩余的人/物”（指大部分）；the others指“其余的人/物”,（指全部）. · A few students are playing soccer while others are watching them. （有几个学生在踢足球,其他一些人在观看） · Two of the ten boys are standing and the others are sitting round them. （十个男孩中有两个站着,其他人都围着他们坐着。） 7.many和much的用法 many意思是“很多”,与可数名词复数连用。 much意思是“很多”,与不可数名词连用。 · I don’t have many friends here.（在这里我没有很多的朋友。） · Much time was wasted.（许多时间都被浪费掉了。） 8.few、little、a few、a little的用法 a few, few后接可数名词复数；a little, little: 后接不可数名词 a few, a little表示“肯定”一些，相当于some; few, little表示“否定”，几乎没有，相当于no。 · He is very poor and he has little money. （他很穷,几乎没有什么钱） · Don’t worry. There is still a little time left. （别着急,还有一点儿时间呢） 9.复合不定代词 every-, some-, any-, no- + -body/ -one/ -thing/ -where 10. one与ones的用法 用来代替上文一个或多个人或事物,前面可以加冠词、形容词、指示代词、which等。 · Which jacket would you like, this one or that one?（你喜欢哪件夹克，这件还是那件？） · I don’t like the green ones. （我不喜欢这些绿色的东西。） 11.none、no one、nobody、nothing的区别 no one和nobody都表示“没有人”,仅指人,后面不跟of 短语,做主语时谓语用单数形式； none表示“没有一个人/物”,可指人也可以指物,后面可跟of短语,做主语时谓语可用单数也可用复数。 nothing 表物，后面不跟of 短语。nothing; no one; nobody 指代无范围事物；而none有范围。 · No one knows how he managed to get the ticket. （没有人知道他是怎样搞到那张票的） · Nobody handed in his/their composition(s) yesterday. （昨天没有一个人交作文） · None of my friends came to see me that day. （那天没有一个朋友来看我） （1）There isn't _____ water in the bottle. Could you please get me _____? A. any; some B. some; any C. any; any D. some; some （2）Both of my parents enjoy _____ kind of music, but _____ of them can play an instrument. A. this; neither B. that; either C. these; none D. the; both （3）I have _____ books to read, but _____ of them are interesting. A. many; few B. much; a few C. a lot; little D. few; many （4）If you have _____ questions, please raise your hand. A. some B. any C. no D. every （5）_____ of the students in our class like playing football. A. All B. Both C. Every D. Any （6）—Would you like _____ coffee? —No, thanks. I've had _____. A. some; some B. any; any C. some; enough D. any; some （7）There isn't _____ food left for lunch. We need to buy _____ this afternoon. A. any; some B. some; any C. many; much D. a little; few （8）—Do you have _____ brothers or sisters? —No, I don't. I'm an only child. A. any B. some C. no D. every （9）_____ of the two books is interesting, but I don't know which one to choose. A. Both B. Either C. Neither D. All （10）There are _____ people in the park. Some are dancing, _____ are singing. A. many; others B. much; the other C. a few; another D. few; the others 六．疑问代词 疑问代词在英语中扮演着重要的角色，用于提问以获取关于人、物、情况或数量的信息。常见的疑问代词有who、whom、whose、what、which等。 1.who 用法：询问人的身份或情况，可以作句子的主语、表语或动词的宾语。 例句：Who is that man?（那个男人是谁？） 2.whom 用法：询问人的身份，宾格形式，通常用作动词或介词的宾语。在口语中常用who替代，但在正式写作或紧跟介词时，仍需使用whom。 例句：Whom are you waiting for?（你在等谁？） 3.whose 用法：询问人或物的所属关系，可以作定语。 例句：Whose book is this?（这是谁的书？） 4.what 用法：询问事物、情况或数量，可以作主语、表语或宾语。 例句：What is your favorite color?（你最喜欢的颜色是什么？） 5.which 用法：用于在多个选项中进行选择，可以作主语、宾语或定语。 例句：Which city do you prefer, Beijing or Shanghai?（你更喜欢北京还是上海？） 易混辨析 1.what, which which：选择的范围较小或比较明确时； what:选择的范围较较大或不明确时; Which drink do you like, tea, coffee or milk?  What do you like to drink?  2.what, who who指姓名、关系等 ——Who are you? 你是谁？ ——I am Lily.我是Lily.（名字） what指职业、地位等 ——What are you? 你是干什么的？ ——I am a student.我是一个学生。（职业） 练习 练习一：选择正确的疑问代词填空 1. ______ is your favorite subject? (A. What B. Who) 2. ______ did you go last summer vacation? (A. Where B. When) 3. ______ does your father work? (A. How B. Where) 4. ______ do you usually get up in the morning? (A. When B. Why) 5. ______ do you like pandas? (A. Why B. What) 6. ______ is he wearing a mask? (A. How B. Why) 7. ______ did you learn to ride a bike? (A. When B. What) 8. ______ do you usually have lunch? (A. Where B. How) 练习二：将陈述句改为疑问句 9. My brother went to Beijing last year. → ______ ______ your brother go last year? 10. She likes music because it's relaxing. → ______ ______ she like music? 11. They usually play football in the park. → ______ ______ they usually play football? 12. I get up at 6:30 every day. → ______ ______ you get up every day? 13. He learned to swim when he was five years old. → ______ ______ he learn to swim? 课后练习 一．补充下表内容 我 你 他 她 它 我们 你们 他们 主格 宾格 形物代 名物代 反身代 二．用适当的人称代词填空： 　　1. __________ is my aunt. We often visit __________. ( she ) 　　2. China is a developing country. _________is in the east of Asia. ( its ) 　　3. What day is __________ today? — __________ is Thursday. (its) 4. I own a blue bike. The red one isn’t __________. ( I ) 　　5. These new houses are so nice. __________ are very expensive.( them ) 　　6. The fishermen caught a lot of fish, didn’t __________? ( them ) 　　7. Ling Ling is a girl. ____ studies in a primary school. ______ brother lives with 　　____ and helps ____ with______ lessons. ( she ) 　　8. Mike is my classmate. ____ is good at Engliush . ( his ) 　　9. Kate wants a glass of milk. Will you pass it to ____ ? ( she ) 　　10. What’s the weather like today ? ____ is cloudy. ( its ) 三．用形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词填空 　　1. I ate all ____ sandwiches yesterday.( I ) Can I have one of ____ ? ( you ) 　　2. George has lost ____ ( his ) pen. Ask Mary if she will lend him ____ . ( she ) 　　3.. Jack has a dog and so have I. ____ ( he ) dog and ____ ( I ) had a fight (打架). 　　4. The teacher wants you to return that book of ____ ( he ) 　　5. Mr. and Mrs. Green and a friend of ____ are coming to see us. ( they ) 　　6. We are going to Paris to stay with a French friend of ____ . (we ) 4． 单项选择题 ( ) 1. This is my book. _______ are over there. A. Your B. Yours C. You D. mine ( ) 2. Help _______ to some fish, Jenny. A. yourselves B. yourself C. himself D. herself ( ) 3. _______ is wrong with my watch. It has stopped _______. A. Something, working B. Something, to work C. Anything, working D. Anything, to work ( ) 4. Whose radio is it? It’s _______. A. her B. hers C. she D. herself ( ) 5. The children heard _______ on the island. A. something strange B. anything strange C. strange something D. strange anything ( ) 6. I have three pens. One is red, _______ two are black. A. another B. other C. the other D. the others ( ) 7. There is _______ in today’s newspaper, is there? A. something important B. anything important C. nothing important D. important nothing ( ) 8. I asked Jim and Bob to my house for a meal, but _______ of them came. A. both B. nor C. none D. neither ( ) 9. The man has two sons, and _______ of them are strong. One is tall and _______ is short. A. All, another B. Neither, the other C. Both, another D. Both, the other ( ) 10. The man downstairs found _______ very difficult to get to sleep. A. that B. them C. it D. its ( ) 11. He can speak _______ French, but not _______. A. some, much B. any, much C. much, many D. many, any ( ) 12. Mr. Smith is an old friend of _______. A. I B. me C. my D. mine ( ) 13. Tom is here and a friend of _______ is here, too. A. his father B. his father’s C. he’s father D. he father ( ) 14. Granny is ill and she doesn’t feel like _______. A. to eat something B. to eat anything C. eating something D. eating anything ( ) 15. There isn’t _______ paper in the box. Will you go and get _______ for me? A. any, some B. any, any C. some, some D. some, any ( ) 16. He fell off the ladder but he didn’t hurt _______. A. herself B. his C. him D. himself ( ) 17. Lucy runs faster than _______ in her class. A. any other girls B. any of the other girl C. the other girl D. any other girl ( ) 18. They are both good at English, but _______ of them is good at maths. A. both B. either C. all D. neither ( ) 19. ---- Haven’t you forgotten _______? ----_______? Oh, I forgot my bag. A. anything, Excuse me B. something, Excuse me C. something, Pardon D. everything, Pardon ( ) 20. Did she go to school when she was young? No she taught _______ at home. A. her B. herself C. hers D. she 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$