专题16 状语从句（精讲）-【中职专用】2025年高考英语一轮复习讲练测（河北专用）

►专题16状语从句 考点精讲 1、 状语从句的概念 （一）概念 状语从句 (Adverbial Clause) 是指指在主从复合句中担任作状语成分的句子。状语从句中的从句可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。 （2） 位置 状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导，也可以由词组引起，可位于主句前，亦可位于主句后。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开，位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。 （3） 类型 状语从句按其在句中的作用分为：时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、让步、比较状语从句九类。 状语从句是英语学习中的一个语法重点，也是历年重点考查的内容之一。学习状语从句主要应注意引导状语从句的从属连词的用法与区别，以及从属连词在一定的语言环境中的意义与用法。 2、 状语从句的具体用法 （一）时间状语从句 1.概念 用表示时间的连词连接一个句子作状语，这样的主从复合句就是时间状语从句， 一般来说，时间状语从句常由连词when, before, after, as soon as或until等引导。 在使用时，从句一般不用一般将来时态。若主句为一般将来时态或是含有将来的意味时，时间状语从句常用一般现在时态来代替将来，即“主将从现”。 I will go to the cinema as soon as I finish my homework. When I grow up, I will join the army. 2. 具体用法如下表 连接词 用法 含义 例    句 When 1.when可与延续性动词或短暂性动词连用；从句动作可以发生在主句动作之前、之后或与主句动作同时发生 当......时候 I was doing my homework when my father came in. 2.be about to do...when 正要做......这时突然 I was about to leave when It began to rain 3.be doing...when... 正在做......这时突然 I was walking along the street when suddenly someone patted me on the shoulder from behind 4. had just done...when 做完......这时突然 I had just finished my exam paper when the bell rang while 一般只可与延续性动词连用，从句动作与主句动作同时发生 当......时候,在......期间 While they were talking, the bell rang 尽管，虽然 While I like the book very much,I won’t buy it. 然而，表示转折 I like playing basketball,while you like playing football. whenever 引导时间状语从句 在…任何时间 每当…时候 无论什么时候 We shall go there whenever we are free. as 常与延续性动词连用，从句动作与主句动作同时或几乎同时发生 一边......一边 He hurried home, looking behind as he went. 当......时候 I am doing my homework as my mother is cooking. before 当强调主句所表达的时间、距离很长或花费的力量相对较大时 才 We waited a long time before the train arrived. 当强调主句所表达的时间、距离很短或花费的精力较小时 就 I hadn’t waited long before he came. 引导时间状语从句 没来得及.....就...... 尚未 趁 Please write it down before you forget it. He had run away before I could stop him. It was(not) +一段时间+before+一般过去时        过了一段时间就...... It was not long before he sensed the danger of the position. It will(not) be+一段时间+before+一般现在时       要过一段时间才会 It will be half a year before you graduate from the school. It （will） be时间段before… 多久之后才/就… It will be 60 days before we graduate from high school. after 在......之后 He arrived after the game started. till 表示“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”，此时主句谓语动词是延续性动词，主、从句都为肯定式。可以和 until互换，till不可以置于句首. 直到......为止 We waited till (until)he came back. Have you heard the meeting will be put off till  next Tuesday until 可以放句首 直到......为止 Until he had passed out of sight, she stood there. not…until… not until放在句首，主句要用部分倒装句 主句谓语动词必须是非延续性动词 直到......才...... She didn’t stop working until eleven o’clock . = Not until eleven o’clock did she stop working As far as I know，his mother doesn,t go to bed until he returns home every evening. It is/was not until…that+主句(强调句型) 直到......才..... It was not until eleven o’clock that she stopped working since 表示“自从……”，其引导的从句在句中作状语时，主句常用现在完成时或现在完成进行时；从句常用一般过去时。 自从......以来 Great changes have taken place in China since 1978. I have returned home twice since I settled down in the States. It is/has been+时间段+since+主语+did 自从开始......已经多长时间了 It is eight years since they last met. It was +时间段+since+主语+had done 自从开始......已经多长时间 It was five years since he had left here as soon as 引导时间状语从句 一......就 As soon as I arrive in Shanghai, I’ll write to you. hardy...when... 主句为过去完成时，从句为过去时，hardly位于句首时主句的谓语要用部分倒装 一......就 I had hardly got home when it began to rain. =Hardly had I got home when it began to rain. no sooner…than. 主句为过去完成时，从句为过去时,no sooner位于句首时主句的谓语要用部分倒装 一......就 No sooner had we got to the station than the train left. （二）地点状语从句 1.概念： 地点状语从句表示地点方位的从句类型被称为地点状语从句。 地点状语从句常由where和wherever引导，通常可置于主句之前或之后。 2.具体用法 引导词 用法 含义 where “where引导的地点状语从句，（there+）主句” “哪里.......哪里就.......”。主句在从句后面时，there可用可不用；主句在从句的前面时，一般都不用there. 在......地方 Where there is a will, there is a way You should have put the book where you found it. wherever anywhere/wherever引导地点状语从句+主句。anywhere本身是个副词，但是常可以引导从句，相当于连词，意思相当于wherever, anywhere引导的从句可位于主句之前，也可以位于主句之后。而wherever本身就是个连词，表示“在何处，无论何处”。 无论在哪 Wherever the sea is, you will find seaman.I’ll go anywhere you go. （三）原因状语从句 1. 概念 在复合句中，用来说明主句原因的从句称为原因状语从句。 引导原因状语从句的从属连词主要有because, as, since, seeing (that), now (that) ,for等 2. 具体用法 引导词 用法 含义 例子 as 引导原因状语从句时表示附带。说明“双方已知的原因”，语气比since弱，较为正式，位置较为灵活（常放于主句之前）。 既然 As the weather is cold, I stay at home.As it is raining, you’d better take a taxi. since 引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句之前表示已知的、显然的理由（通常被翻译成“既然”），较为正式，语气比because弱。 因为 Since everybody is here, let's begin our meeting. because 引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句之后，表述直接原因，语气较强，最适合why引导的疑问句。Because引导的原因状语从句有时可以与because of短语互换。 因为 The woman prefers winter because she can skate. for 引导的原因状语从句并不说明主句行为发生的直接原因，只提供一些辅助性的补充说明，for引导的原因状语从句只能放于主句之后，并且必须用逗号将其与主句隔开。 因为 He must be ill, for he is absent today. .now that 既然 Now (that) the weather has cleared up, we can start our journey. （四）条件状语从句 1. 概念 条件状语从句就是表示假设（条件）的状语从句。 引导条件状语从句的从属连词主要有 if, unless, as [so] long as，as far as等。 2. 具体用法 引导词 用法 含义 例句 if 1.  由if引导的条件状语从句表示在某种条件下某事很可能发生。（真实条件句）构成： 1)  主句：主语+ 一般将来时从句：if+主语+ 一般现在时 2)  主句：祈使句从句：主语+ 一般现在时 3) 主句：主语+情态动词从句：if+主语+ 一般现在时 如果 If you ask him, he will help you. Study hard, if you want to pass the exam. I can go with you if you want. 2. if从句还表示不可实现的条件或根本不可能存在的条件,也就是一种虚拟的条件或假设；（非真实条件句）表示与现在事实相反的情况，构成：从句：if+主语+过去时(be动词均用were)主句：主语+should/would/could/might+do If I were you, I would invite him to the party. If I had any money with me, I could lend you some. unless） 表示强烈的否定；意思上=if not翻译为：除非,若不,除非在……的时候； 除非 You will fail unless you work harder. Don’t come unless I call you. as long as as long as也表示一种条件，但不是很强烈，是一种假设的条件。 只要……就 I will be ready to help you as long as you need me. 注意： 1). unless 从句里的谓语只能是肯定式，因为unless本身表示否定； unless=if not， Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired. =If you are not too tired, let's go out for a walk.如 2) .在真实条件句中，主句不能用be going to表示将来，该用shall, will. If you will(愿意) wait a minute, I’ll go and tell my mother that you are here. 3) 下列从句中的will不是将来时助动词，而是情态动词。翻译为“愿意” If you will read the book, I will lend it to you. Will you marry me?  （五）目的状语从句 1.概念  目的状语从句：从句部分是用以补充说明主句中谓语动词发生的目的。 引导目的状语从句的从属连词主要有 so that (为了), in order that (为了), in case (万一), lest (以防), for fear that (以防)等。 2.具体用法： 引导词 含义 例句 so that 以便……（达到某种目的） You must speak louder so that you can be heard by all. in order that 为了...... She got up early in order that she could get to school on time. =She got up early in order to get to school on time. （六）结果状语从句 1. 概念： 结果状语从句的从句部分是补充说明主句中谓语动词发生的结果的，通常位于主句之后。 结果状语从句引导词：so...that（如此......以至于......），such...that（如此......以至于......），so that（结果是），with the result that（所以，结果是） 2. 具体用法 引导词 构成 用法 例句 So...that（如此......以至于） 1. so+adj./adv.+that2. so+adj.(a/an)+n.+that so与表示数量的代词many，few，much，little等连用 It was so hot that we wanted to go swimming. The poor family has so little money that they can’t afford the expensive car. Such...that（如此......以至于） such(+a/an)(+adj.)+n.+ that such与a lot of 组成固定搭配，此时a lot of 为名词性的，只能用such搭配如：such a lot of people He is such a marvelous joker that you can’t help laughing. There are such a lot of people on the beach that we have no place to enjoy our holiday. （7） 让步状语从句 1. 概念 让步状语从句就是表示让步关系的状语从句。引导让步状语从句的从属连词主要有 although, though, however (=no matter how), even if(即使), whether...or(不论......还是)等连词。 2. 具体用法 引导词 用法 含义 例句 though/although 注意：在句子中一般用了“虽然”就不能再用“但是”（but）但可以与yet或still连用。 虽然、尽管 Though they are twin brothers, they don’t look like each other. The speech is good, though it could be better.  He went out even though it was raining Although (Though) he was over sixty, (yet) he began to learn French. as 要将名词、形容词或副词等提到 as 前，若提前的是单数可数名词，要省略 a / an. 虽然 Teacher as he is, he can’t know everything. while 引导让步状语从句 尽管、虽然 While we don’t agree we continue to be friends. whatever, whoever, however, whenever, wherever no matter…与 whoever引导的让步状语从句可以互换 however后须接形容词或副词 无论什么 无论谁 无论什么时候 无论哪里 无论哪一个 无论怎么样 Whatever happens / may happen , we shall not lose heart. Whoever comes, he will be welcome. no matter (who, what when, where which, how…) 引导的让步状语从句 无论（谁、什么、 什么时候、哪里、哪一个、怎么样、） Do it no matter what others say. No matter how busy he was, he studied English every day.   （8） 方式状语从句 1. 概念 方式状语从句就是在复合句中表示主句谓语存在状态或方式的从句。 方式状语从句引导词：as（像......一样，正如......），as if/as though（好像，宛如） 2. 具体用法 引导词 用法 含义 例句 as 引导方式状语从句 按照 Do as you are told. as if（though） 引导方式状语从句 好像，似乎 He acted as if (though) nothing had happened. the way 引导方式状语从句 做......的方式 Please do it the way I’ve told you. （9） 比较状语从句 1. 概念 比较状语从句是指表示比较意义的转语从句，如表示“比......更......”以及“......与......一样......”. 引比较状语从句的引导词有： the same as, such... as, than, what，as...as（和......一样），not as/so...as（和......不一样），than（比），the more...the more...（越......越......）等. 2. 具体用法 引导词 用法 含义 例句 as...as 引比较状语从句 和.....一样 Jack runs as fast as Mike (does). Jack works as hard as Bill (does). than 连接的比较状语从句常常省去同主句相同的部分，只留下相对比的部分；也常用替代词 do 或其他助动词或情态动词的某种形式代替与主句相同的谓语部分。 比 He acted as if (though) nothing had happened. Tom is more diligent than Bob (is). As A is B, so C is D =C is D as/what A is B。 引比较状语从句 A对比就像C对D As you treat your friends, so treat your book. = Treat your books as you treat your friends. Reading is to the mind what food is to the body. the more …the more… 引比较状语从句 越......., 越....... The harder you work, the greater progress you will make. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！学科网（北京）股份有限公司9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$