【春考特训课】第03讲：语法填空命题剖析及解题要领 -【决胜春季高考】2025年春季高考英语冲刺总复习（上海专用）

第03讲： 语法填空命题剖析及解题要领 知识梳理 演练 【考情链接】 上海高考英语语法填空题是全面检测学生语法在篇章中综合运用能力，能更科学地反应学生的英语语法知识的综合程度。上海历年高考英语语法高频考察点主要有：时态、语态、谓语与非谓语动词、倒装、连词、三大从句、特殊句式、词组及固定搭配等。本题型分两种情形：一种为已给单词提示；一种为不给单词提示。值得注意的是近年试题中出现一些平常我们在一模二模中不常考到而被忽视的语法点。 【要点梳理】 （一）语法填空考点 出题方式 词性考查 考点分布 特别注意 有提示词 形容词/ 副词 原 级 1、双音节单词比较级最高级的变形 2、修饰比较级最高级的词 3、less/least+adj/adv情况 4、双写+er的单词 比较级 最高级 动词 时态语态 1、各种时态的标志词以及特征 2、主动表被动情况 不定式 1、不定式作主宾表定状补 2、动名词作主宾表定 3、分词作表定状补 4、各种非谓语的时态语态 动名词 分 词 无提示词 冠词 定冠词/不定冠词 判断语境是特指还是非特指 介词 搭配及其他 熟练掌握固定搭配以及本身用法 代词 人称物主代词 1、复合句的从句除去关系代词仍缺成分 2、反身代词不能作主语，可作宾语、表语、同位语 3、代词作定语 不定代词 反身单词 动词 情态动词 观察语境中暗含的情感和态度 助动词/系动词 倒装情况 从属连词 定语从句 1、熟练判断各种复合句结构，掌握连接词的特定用法 2、how+adj/adv情况，what+n情况，how many/much/ long....情况 3、表语从句连接词as if，because 名词性从句 状语从句 强调句 并列连词 并列句 判断上下句之间的逻辑关系 （二）语法填空考点详解 1、 有提示词 1）形容词/副词 括号中给出形容词或副词，考查其原级比较级最高级。注意比较级有+er的，加more的，还有加less的，加the least的。 【考题练习】 1. Are you looking to take a break from your everyday life and relax in a fairy-tale world? If so, there's probably no ________(good) place than La Balade des Gnomes, near the town of Durbuy, Belgium. 2. Studies have shown that rudeness spreads quickly. Just witnessing rudeness makes it far more likely that we, in turn, will be rude later on. Once infected, we are more aggressive, ______ (creative) and worse at our jobs. 3. Disney says zootopia is its __________ (complex) animation yet. The extra effort is certainly paying off at the box office. 4. This is not the first time scientists have tried to solve this problem. But methods they tried in the past led to band-aids that were _____(sticky) and therefore didn’t stay on for long. 5. The smoke grew_______ (thick) and I could see fire all around. The floor became hot under my bare feet. I found an open door and ran into a room to get to the window. 【Keys】 better less creative most complex less sticky thicker 2）动词 谓语动词：看句子有没有连词，若无连词，则要有1个谓语动词，有1个连词，则句子应该有2个谓语动词，2个连词应该有3个谓语动词，若缺少则所给动词就是谓语动词；此时前看看，后看看确定时态和语态。(注意定语从句可省略宾语及宾语从句省略that情况) 非谓语动词：若句中已有谓语动词，且无连词，或谓语动词数量满足“连词+1”的情况则所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用不定式、动名词还是分词。 不定式to do表将来，常考作宾语、目的状语； 动名词doing 表习惯性动作，可作主宾表定状补，常考作主语、宾语； 现在分词doing 表主动、进行，可作主宾表定，常考作表语、定语、状语； 过去分词done表被动、完成，可作表定状补，常考作表语、定语、状语。 【考题练习】 1. The acts of revenge people had taken ________ (range) from the ridiculous to the disturbing. 2. The science field believes that the oldest surfaces on Mars formed during the wet and warm era _______ (know) as the Noachan epoch, about 4.1 billion to 3.7 billion years ago. 3. The term developed after an April post on the Tieba forum, whose author, unemployed for the last two years, described a low-effort, low-cost lifestyle ________ (consist) of just a few months’ work out of the year. 4. Being skinny is not beautiful but being healthy is. Most young people, unfortunately, ______(convince) that being thin, and therefore being stylish is a major way of maintaining self-worth.   5. Conservators at the Nelson-Atkins museum of art in Kansas City said they discovered the dead insect in one of its star paintings, Vincent van Gogh’s Olive Trees, when it _______ (scan) as part of the research for a catalogue of its French painting collection. 6. __________(earn) some money to pay the daily expenses, I started work in a local café as a waiter. 7. When I ask him to please put down the phone and stop _______ (ignore) me, he says, "In a minute," but still checks to see if somebody has posted something new on the Internet. 8. But the panic that filled my shocked heart in that awful moment was for the nine cats that shared my home after ______ (rescue) from situations of ill-treatment and abandonment. 9. There are even a number of shops ______ (specialize) in selling products for left-handed people, such as left-handed scissors, can openers, guitars, and even a left-handed camera. 10. I was a little startled by her reply. ________ (not do) anything like this before, I didn’t know what kind of reaction I might receive. 【Keys】ranged known consisting are convinced was being scanned to earn ignoring being rescued specializing Not having done 2、无提示词 1）冠词 表示泛指的“一(个,本,座……)”时用不定冠词a/an，表示特指时用the。 【考题练习】 1. The reason for the rise of such a careless behavior is that there is __________ large demand for food delivery workers, and many companies offer high salaries to attract new workers. 2. Just as I approached my car, I saw the woman I’d let have my car spot earlier. She was giving me _________ odd look—half puzzled, half intent (热切的). 3. I hated dinner parties. But I decided to give them another try because I’m in London. And my friend Mallery invited me. And because __________ dinner parties in London are very different from those in New York. 【Keys】 a an the 2）介词 句子不缺主语、表语、动词后不缺宾语的情况下，名词或代词前面，一定是填介词。 常用介词：in, on, at, to, from, of, off, under, above, below, over, across, through, beyond, behind, beside, between, among, near, up, down, along, around, before, after, since, for, against, besides, except, by, with, without, about, as, like, during, into, throughout, until, within, toward, past, despite, regardless of, in spite of, because of, due to, owing to, thanks to, except for, apart from, other than, such as, according to, instead of, rather than, as well as, in addition to, … 【考题练习】 1. There may be few CDs which do such a good job of documenting a band’s career. And there is no band ________ the Rolling Stones. 2. Formerly an ordinary Belgian farmhouse, La Balade des Gnomes was changed ________ a magical tourist spot by architect and owner Dominic Noel. 3. Before she could react, I gave her a big hug and told her she didn’t need to keep it a secret ______ me. 4. ______ immense differences in cultures, heroes around the world generally share a number of characteristics that instruct and inspire people. 5. When you win, the good way is to be a polite and generous winner. Sportsmanship means admitting victories ______ putting your opponents to shame and letting victories speak for themselves, that is, being quietly proud of success. 【Keys】like into from Despite without 3）代词 当句子缺主语、宾语或定语时，填代词。前后看,是指人、事物；指男、指女,单数、复数；还是填形式主语或形式宾语的it。(注意定语从句可省略作宾语的关系代词,宾语从句可省略that情况，反身代词不能做主语，可做宾语和同位语情况等) 主要考察：人称代词we, you, her, it, they等；物主代词my, their, yours, hers等；反身代词himself, themselves等；指示代词this, these, that, those;不定代词 everything, something, anything, nothing, everyone, someone, everybody, somebody, anybody, nobody, both, either, neither, all, none, each, others, the other, another, the others, one, the one(s). 【考题练习】 1. Yet as they got closer, they realized it was ________ quite different. 2. But they changed the story because they found the animal world especially interesting. They said to ________something like this, “What’s this world like? What’s the history of this world?” 3. Alan also suffered from heart attack, which cost the family much. One thing led to ________, and they found themselves in a financial disaster. 4. In remembering the small things his father did for him and his family, such as lighting a fire in the morning and polishing his shoes, the speaker begins to understand an aspect of parental love that escaped _______ notice in the past. 5. Some compare them to the 1950s Beat Generation in the United States. ________ consider their behavior a form of nonviolent resistance or “ideological emancipation(解放)” from consumerism 【Keys】 something themselves another his others 4）情态动词和助动词 若结构较完整，空格在主语和谓语动词之间且动词是原形，一般是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词(do, does, did等)。 【考题练习】 1. But he added that even minor genetic changes _______ have serious consequences. 2. At the same time, melting sea ice also release more ocean water, which result in increased water vapor in the atmosphere that __________ be transferred into snow. 3. Not until I returned 32. ____________ I realize that a quiet town life was the best for me. 4. In my opinion, it is possible for you to find some real good friends with the help of new technology but you __________ __________ take care. 5. They ________ very well feel a need to step up their demands upon hearing the awful findings of the special report on the ocean and cryosphere（低温层）in a changing climate, released on Wednesday by the International Panel on Climate Change. 【Keys】 may/might can did have to/ ought to did 5）从属连词 若两句之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一般填从属连词。 强调句：It is...that... 定语从句: 关代：that, which, who, whom, whose, as; 关副：when, where, why 名词性从句: 从属连词：that, if/whether, because, as if; 关代：what, who, whom, whose, which, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever; 关副：when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however 状语从句: 时间when, while, as, before, after, every/each time, as soon as, the moment/minute, hardly…when, no sooner…than, since, once, until； 地点where, wherever； 原因because, as, since, now that； 目的in order that, so that, in case, for fear that； 结果so that, so/such…that； 比较than, as…as, the more…the more…； 让步although, though, even if/though, while, as, no matter what/ who/when…, whatever…., whether…or； 方式as, as if/though； 条件if, unless, as long as… 【考题练习】 1. Perhaps __________ my mother had told me was deeply rooted in my mind. I just did as she had expected. 2. It’s taken a long time for women to realize __________important strength training is, but once they try it, they will be hooked. 3. The man took off, but instead of running out of the back door _____ he came in, he accidentally ran into the garage and was seized there. 4. Many pointed to the fact that they are constantly having to provide for their grown-up children at an age ______ they assumed they should be financially independent. 5. ________ much they earned, it never seemed to be enough. 6. __________ a household was expecting guest, large amounts of food were prepared in advance, usually by the women. 7. The research was further funder and a team was assembled__________ goal was to help Genie live a normal life and study her progress. 8. ________ ________ ________ the train arrived at its destination, Winston got off and left quickly. 9. Only 3,000 performers, _______ teenagers made up the vast majority, took part, compared with 15,000 in 2008, Xinhua said. 10. But studies also indicate that spending time in nature can do more than provide an improved sense of well-being; it can lower rates of heart disease and diabetes. That is probably _______ we evolved in nature and have been adapted to the natural environment. 【Keys】what how where when However When whose As soon as of whom because 6）并列连词 若两个或三个单词、短语或句子之间设空，可能是填并列连词。 并列连词：and, but, or, so, for, yet, then, however, therefore, while, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but 【考题练习】 1. The road had been cleared, (33)__________ it was still dangerously icy. Despite the slippery road. 2. Homegrown Hamilton, a coffee chain of Canada, has decided to join the effort. “It’s a fantastic initiative (25) _______we decided to help out. 3. It is (34)________ because we’re not making time or because our priorities are not what we actually need. 【Keys】but so either （三）两个空和三个空的填法 两空常填连词 表原因：now that 表时间：every time/ the moment 表让步：even if / even though 表方式：as if / as though 表目的：so that / in case 表结果：so that 定语从句：介词 + which 表除了：except that 表疑问：how much (many/long/often/soon) 三空常填连词 表目的：in order that / for fear that 表时间：as soon as 表条件：as/so long as / on condition that 表让步：no matter how + adj./ no matter what (+ n.) 另：as far as (as far as I know, as far as I’m concerned) 两空常填介词 表原因：because of/ due to/ owing to/thanks to 表让步：regardless of 表相反：instead of/ rather than 表除了：except for / other than/apart from 表根据/例举：according to / such as 三空常填介词 表让步：in spite of 表并列：as well as 表除了：in addition to 表目的：in order to 两空常填情态动词 have to / had better / ought to / may/might (as) well 【考题练习】 1. _______ _____ you have signed the contract with them，there is no point in discussing the price. 2.You will certainly succeed _______ _______ _______ you keep on trying. 3. He hurried out of the room ______ ______ ________ the meeting was over. 4. Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill ________  ________ school education depends. Keys： 1. Now that 2. as/so long as 3.as soon as 4. on/upon which 课堂精练 演练 1．It’s honor to be invited here to give a lecture today. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】an 【详解】考查冠词。句意：今天很荣幸被邀请到这里来做演讲。honor意为“荣幸；光荣”时，通常使用单数形式，抽象名词具体化，其前通常为不定冠词，honor的首个音素为元音，所以使用不定冠词an，it’s an honor to do sth.意为“很荣幸做某事”。故填an。 2．The population of the city is increasing an alarming rate, putting pressure on local resources. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】at 【详解】考查介词。句意：这个城市的人口正以惊人的速度增长，给当地资源带来了压力。根据“an alarming rate”可知，此处用固定短语at a/an… rate表示“以……的速度”，作修饰is increasing的状语。故填at。 3．Just as I was going downstairs, struck me that I had left the door unlocked. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】it 【详解】考查代词。句意：就在我下楼的时候，我突然想起我忘了锁门。根据句意，此处为固定句型“it strikes sb. that+从句”，其中it为形式主语，that引导的为主语从句作真正主语，意为“某人想起某事”符合句意。故填it。 4．Handshaking have started as an ancient custom to demonstrate to a stranger that you had no weapon in your hand. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】may/might 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：握手最初可能是一种古老的习俗，用来向陌生人展示你手中没有武器。分析句子结构可知，本句中主语为动名词Handshaking，为单数，而谓语动词是have started，且have是用的原形；结合句意，此处表达一种猜测，所以应该用情态动词may/might have done表示“有可能”。故填may或might。 5．The evening is the (blessed) time of the day. Take this time to enjoy the happy times with friends and family. Have a laughter-filled evening. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】most blessed 【详解】考查最高级。句意：晚上是一天中最幸福的时光。利用这段时间享受与朋友和家人的快乐时光。度过一个充满欢笑的夜晚。根据上文定冠词以及句意可知为最高级，在blessed前加most。故填most blessed。 6．People who have benefited from good behaviour are (likely) to do something nice for someone else later on. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】more likely 【详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：从良好行为中受益的人以后更有可能为别人做一些好事。根据句意可知，此处暗含比较级，意为“更可能……”，故此处应用likely“可能的”比较级作表语，故填more likely。 7．The contest requires the chosen laughers to face off against each other as the audience determines who has (attractive) laugh. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】the most attractive 【详解】考查形容词最高级。句意：比赛要求被选中的笑者面对面，观众决定谁笑得最吸引人。分析句子含义可知，本句表示“在此比赛中谁的笑容最迷人”，所以需要形容词最高级形式。故填the most attractive。 8．On the other hand, plants which have a good adaptation to dry conditions or have the ability to store water in their cells require (frequent) watering . (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】less frequent 【详解】考查形容词比较等级。句意：另一方面，对干燥环境有良好适应能力或有能力在细胞中储存水分的植物不需要经常浇水。根据句意，对干燥环境有良好适应能力或有能力在细胞中储存水分的植物，与那些适应能力差，储水能力差的植物相比较，浇水频率可以低一点，设空处修饰动名词watering，应用形容词的比较等级less frequent，为前置定语。故填less frequent。 9．In order to keep team members positive and motivated, the team leader needs to show these qualities. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】himself 【详解】考查代词。句意：为了保持团队成员积极主动，团队领导本人应展示出这些品质。根据句意，应填入反身代词，故填himself 。 10．Instead of having to choose one or the other, we can benefit from of the approaches. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】both 【详解】考查代词。句意：我们不必二选一，两种方法都能让我们受益。分析句意可知，题干中出现了one，the other可以推测此题应该会考查关于两者之间的一些代词：either, both等。后面又出现of和复数名词approaches，可以确定填入both表示“两者都”符合语境。故填both。 11．He (adapt) to the new environment since he entered the university. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】has adapted 【详解】考查时态。句意：自从进入大学以来，他已经适应了新环境。根据“since he entered the university.”可知，用现在完成时。主语是He，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填has adapted。 12．I thought the yellow dress was quite beautiful but mum (prefer) the red one. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】preferred 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：我觉得黄色的裙子很漂亮，但妈妈更喜欢红色的那个。根据thought可知，句子描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，空处应用动词的过去式形式。故填preferred。 13．I’m afraid we’d better hurry up. The talk we look forward to (begin) already. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】has begun 【详解】考查时态。句意：恐怕我们最好快点。我们期待的演讲已经开始了。begin“开始”。本空为主句谓语，根据句中的“already”可知，动作已经发生且可能对现在产生影响，句子时态应用现在完成时，主语The talk为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填：has begun。 14．They believed that by using computers the production of their factory (increase) greatly. 【答案】would increase/would be increased 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：他们相信通过使用计算机，他们工厂的产量将大大增加。此处从句动作发生在将来，且根据主句谓语believed，可知宾语从句应用过去将来时，此处可以理解为产量自己提高，使用主动态，可也理解为被提高，用被动语态。故填would increase/would be increased。 15．One day Gene and Hannah Bortnick heard piano music coming from their living room. They thought their 3-year-old son Ethan   (listen) to a CD．(所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was listening 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：一天，Gene和Hannah Bortnick听到客厅里传来钢琴曲。他们以为3岁的儿子Ethan在听CD。空处应填谓语动词的形式，从句主语为Ethan，动作发生在过去且正在进行，应用过去进行时。故填was listening。 16．It won’t be many weeks before more different reading-themed activities (hold) at the main venue of the Shanghai Children’s Book Fair. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】are held 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：要不了几周，上海童书展主会场将举办更多不同的阅读主题活动。“It won’t be (many weeks) before...”为固定句型，意为“没过多久就……”，其中before引导时间状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，从句中谓语动词用一般现在时代替一般将来时；hold(举办)是从句谓语动词，与主语activities之间为被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。故填are held。 17．So far, every possible means (try) to prevent the air pollution. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】has been tried 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：到目前为止，人们已经尝试了一切可能的方法来防止空气污染。根据时间状语So far可知，用现在完成时。主语every possible means为单数形式，与try之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填has been tried。 18．It so happened that my mobile phone (repair) when you called me yesterday. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was being repaired 【详解】考查时态。句意：昨天你打电话给我时，碰巧我的手机正在修理。从句主语my mobile phone和从句谓语动词repair是被动关系，且repair这个动作在过去的那个时间正在进行，该空用过去进行时的被动语态，从句主语单数，从句谓语单数形式。故填was being repaired。 19．Chungking Express, one of Wong Kar Wai’s personal’ favourites, is the movie that you cannot afford (miss). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to miss 【详解】考查不定式。句意：《重庆森林》是王家卫个人最喜欢的电影之一，是你不能错过的电影。afford to do是固定短语，意为“能够做某事”，因此空格处是不定式to miss，故填to miss。 20．He is said (study) for two years in America and now he is teaching in China. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to have studied 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：据说他在美国学习了两年，现在在中国教书。be said to do sth表示“据说做某事”，又因为“学习”这个动作发生在“据说”之前，所以要用动词不定式的完成式to have done，故填to have studied。 21．I’m going to the supermarket this afternoon. Do you have anything (buy)? （用所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】to be bought 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：今天下午我要去超市。你有什么要买的吗？   have something to do 表示主动，意思是有事要去做，anything与buy为被动关系，所以用动词不定式的被动语态。故填to be bought。 22．Taking physical exercise regularly is an effective way to avoid (infect) with the flu. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】being infected 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：定期进行体育锻炼是避免感染流感的有效方法。avoid doing sth.表示“避免做某事”，infect与主语之间是被动关系，所以用动名词的被动形式being infected。故填being infected。 23．You can’t imagine what great trouble they will have (solve) the problem being discussed at the moment. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】solving 【详解】考查动名词。句意：你无法想象他们解决目前正在讨论的问题将会有多大的困难。分析可知，“have trouble (in) doing…”，固定短语，意为“做某事有困难”，介词in可省略，动名词作宾语。故填solving。 24．Italians throw old things out of their windows at midnight, (symbolize) the departure of the old. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】symbolizing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：意大利人在午夜时分把旧东西扔出窗外，象征着旧人的离去。此处symbolize与上文句子构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填symbolizing。 25． (suffer) from heart disease for years, Professor White has to take medicine with him wherever he goes. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Having suffered 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于患有心脏病多年，怀特教授无论走到哪里都得随身带着药。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词has to take，所以suffer用非谓语动词，和逻辑主语Professor White之间是主动关系，用现在分词形式，根据时间状语for years可知用现在完成时，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Having suffered。 26．Linda felt herself (follow) on her way home from work yesterday evening, and therefore she was frightened and looked back from time to time. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】being followed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：琳达昨天晚上下班回家的路上感到有人跟踪，因此她很害怕，不时地回头看。空处应填非谓语动词作宾补，表示“跟踪”这个动作在“回家路上”一直发生，且herself和follow之间为被动关系，应用现在分词的被动式。故填being followed。 27．The speech (deliver) by the president last week was inspiring.(所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】delivered 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：总统上周发表的讲话鼓舞人心。deliver和speech之间是动宾关系，使用过去分词作后置定语，故填delivered。 28．They were well trained by their masters had great experience with caring for these animals. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】who/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：它们被主人训练得很好，主人对照顾这些动物很有经验。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词masters是人，因此空格处用关系代词who/that，故填who/that。 29．Bei Yuming is an architect designs have won international praise. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：贝聿铭是一位建筑师，其设计赢得了国际赞誉。分析句子可知，此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为an architect，与空后的名词designs之间为所属关系，所以使用关系代词whose。故填whose。 30．Teachers should create an environment children are taught how to solve problems of learning by themselves. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：教师应该创造一个环境，让孩子们学会如何自己解决学习中的问题。分析句子结构可知，此处应为关系词引导的限制性定语从句，先行词environment为抽象地点名词，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where。故填where。 31．Your body language is equally important, it reveals ls a lot about your thoughts and attitudes. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】since 【详解】考查原因状语从句。句意：你的肢体语言同样重要，因为它揭示了你的想法和态度。分析句子可知，此空应填since，表“因为”，引导原因状语从句，符合句意。故填since。 32． sometimes it may seem impossible to get along as a family, you can take action to improve the situation. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】Although/Though/While 【详解】考查让步状语。句意：虽然有时看起来不可能像家人一样相处，但你可以采取行动来改善这种情况。由句意可知，这里表示一种让步关系，即尽管存在某种情况，但主句中的情况仍然成立，所以此空可填‌although或者though或者while引导，且句首时首字母应大写。故填Although或者Though或者While。 33． difficult the task is, I will try my best to finish it.（用适当的词填空） 【答案】However 【详解】考查连词。句意：不管任务有多难，我都会尽我最大的努力去完成它。“任务有多难”与“我都会尽我最大的努力去完成它”为让步关系，应用however，意为“不管多么”，引导让步状语从句，句首单词首字母大写。故填However。 34．I have never seen as beautiful a place you have talked. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】as 【详解】考查状语从句。句意：我从未见过像你说的那样美丽的地方。表示“和……一样”为as...as...，引导比较状语从句。故填as。 35．It is a long time since they separated, but it won’t be long they meet again. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】before 【详解】考查状语从句。句意：他们分开已经很久了，但不久他们就会再次见面。分析句子可知，空处引导状语从句。It won’t be long before……为固定句型，意为“过不了多久就……”，所以填before，符合语境。故填before。 36． the damage is done, it will take many years for the farmland to recover. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】Once/If 【详解】考查连词。句意：一旦造成破坏，农田将需要很多年才能恢复。分析句子结构可以，空格处需要填一个连词来引导前面这个从句。根据句意，前面的连词可填If来引导条件状语从句。或者填Once来引导时间状语从句，有“条件”的意味，表示从某个时间点开始，意思是“一……就……”。以上两者引导的从句都是一般现在时，而主句是一般将来时。故填If或Once。 37．What impresses me most is that he appears in front of others, he wears a sincere and charming smile.（用适当的词填空） 【答案】whenever 【详解】考查时间状语从句。句意：让我印象最深刻的是，每当他出现在别人面前，他总是带着真诚而迷人的微笑。该句是复合句，含what引导的主语从句和that引导的表语从句；表语从句中含whenever引导的时间状语从句。故答案为whenever。 38．Once (face) with difficulties, we should try to overcome them instead of escaping. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】faced 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：一旦遇到困难，我们就应该设法克服，而不是逃避。在时间状语从句中，当从句主语和主句主语一致且从句谓语中含有be的某种形式时，可省略从句的主语和be动词。be faced with意为“面对”，为固定搭配。Once引导的时间状语从句省略主语we和be动词，其完整形式为：Once we are faced with difficulties，因此空处应用过去分词faced。故填faced。 39．But those numbers, impressive they seem, may be beside the point. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】as/though 【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：但这些数字虽然看起来令人印象深刻，但可能无关紧要。分析句意及句子结构可知，此处引导让步状语从句，句子使用了倒装结构，应用as或though引导，常见结构为“名词/形容词/副词+as/though+主语+谓语”。故填as或though。 40．Not only the writers speak with people who study culture and group behavior, but also they talked with animals experts like zookeepers. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】did 【详解】考查倒装句和时态。句意：作者不仅与研究文化和群体行为的人交谈，还与动物园管理员等动物专家交谈。分析句子结构可知，否定词位于句首句子使用部分倒装，即将助动词、系动词或者情态动词置于主语之前，根据下文中的talked可知，空格所在的句子使用的是一般过去时态，一般过去时态的助动词为did，将其置于主语之前，原来的谓语动词变为动词原形speak。故填did。 课后反馈 演练 Zika Virus The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared a global emergency over the Zika virus. The mosquito-borne virus ____1____ (link) to a surge in babies born with microcephaly(小头畸形)in Brazil since it was first found there last year. The WHO was widely criticized for its slow response to the 2014 Ebola crisis in West Africa. This time, it is eager to show its responsiveness. The organization took the rare step in spite of a lack of strong evidence ____2____ Zika is directly responsible for microcephaly. The WHO estimated there could be up to four million cases of Zika in the Americas this year, but the organization hasn’t made any recommendations ____3____ (restrict) travel or trade. The last time the WHO declared a public health emergency was for the Ebola outbreak in West Africa, ____4____ more than 11,000 people were killed. Similar declarations were made for polio in 2013 and swine flu in 2009. Such emergency declarations are meant as ____5____ international SOS signal. They usually lead to increased efforts to stop the outbreak, as well as ____6____ (motivate) researches into possible treatments and vaccines. Zika was first identified in 1947 in Africa. So far, there have been no effective treatments or vaccines for the virus. Michael Osterholm, an American public health expert, said it was still unclear ____7____ Zika had evolved since it first appeared in Africa. But he added that even minor genetic changes ____8____ have serious consequences. Osterholm said it was important for the WHO to act quickly, ____9____ the lack of definitive evidence. “For situations like this, you have to have a ‘no regrets’ policy,” he said. “Maybe this will be a false alarm _____10_____ more information is available months later. But according to the evidence we have right now, the situation has been serious enough. ” 【1~10题答案】 【答案】1. has been linked 2. that 3. to restrict 4. where 5. an 6. motivating 7 how 8. may/might 9. despite 10. when##if 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要论述了一种以蚊子传播的病毒——寨卡病毒对人类的危害。 【1题详解】 考查动词的时态语态和主谓一致。句意：自从去年在巴西首次发现寨卡病毒以来，这种通过蚊子传播的病毒一直被认为与婴儿小头症的激增有关。根据下文since it was first found there last year可知，本句时态为现在完成时，主语为单数名词virus，且与谓语构成被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填has been linked。 【2题详解】 考查名词性从句。句意：尽管缺乏强有力的证据表明寨卡病毒是小头畸形的直接原因，该组织还是采取了这一特殊的措施。本句为同位语从句，且从句中句意完整，不缺少成分，所以用连接代词that引导。故填that。 【3题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：世卫组织估计，今年美洲可能有多达400万寨卡病例，但该组织尚未就限制旅行或贸易提出任何建议。句中用不定式作定语，故填to restrict。 【4题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：世界卫生组织上一次宣布公共卫生紧急状态是在西非爆发的埃博拉疫情，在当时的疫情中有1.1万多人丧生。本句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为the Ebola outbreak（埃博拉疫情爆发），此处为虚拟性地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。 【5题详解】 考查冠词。句意：这类紧急声明是一种国际SOS的信号。signal为可数名词，此处表示泛指“一种信号”，且international发音为元音音素开头的单词，所以用不定冠词an。故填an。 【6题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：它们通常会导致更多的努力来阻止疫情的爆发，同时也会激发对可能的治疗方法和疫苗的研究。本句中motivate做lead to的宾语，to为介词，其后动词用动名词形式。故填motivating。 【7题详解】 考查名词性从句。句意：美国公共卫生专家Michael Osterholm表示，自寨卡病毒首次在非洲出现以来，它是如何演变的仍不清楚。本句it为形式主语，根据下文的“since it first appeared in Africa”可知，是对病毒如何演变不清楚，所以用连接副词how引导。故填how。 【8题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：但他补充说，即使是很小的基因变化也可能会产生严重的后果。根据上文“Michael Osterholm, an American public health expert, said it was still unclear ____7____ Zika had evolved since it first appeared in Africa.”可知，对病毒所知不多，所以下文为猜测，表可能。故填may/might。 【9题详解】 考查介词。句意：Osterholm说，尽管缺乏确凿证据，但世卫组织必须迅速采取行动。前一分句意为“世卫组织必须迅速采取行动”，空后意为“缺乏确凿证据”，两者之间存在让步关系，而且空后为名词，所以用介词despite“尽管”。故填despite。 【10题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：当几个月后可获得更多信息的时候，也许这将是一个错误的警报。本句为时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”可填when。或者为条件状语从句，表示“如果几个月后能得到更多的信息，也许这将是一个错误的警报。”可填if。故答案为when/if。 La Balade des Gnomes, a Perfect Place for Holiday Are you looking to take a break from your everyday life and relax in a fairy-tale world? If so, there's probably no ____1____(good) place than La Balade des Gnomes, near the town of Durbuy, Belgium. ____2____(Feature) ten amazingly-decorated bedrooms and a special suite(套房) designed in the form of a Trojan horse, this place is truly unique. Formerly an ordinary Belgian farmhouse, La Balade des Gnomes was changed ____3____ a magical tourist spot by architect and owner Dominic Noel. “The hotel was created by people who have a strong interest in nature," he says, but anyone with a rich imagination would certainly appreciate ____4____ special design and decorations as well. The names of the rooms well represent ____5____ you can expect to see when you walk through the door. A Moon Neighborhood , for example, takes you to a distant future ____6____ humans can spend their vacation in a hotel on the Moon. Every room in La Balade des Gnomes hotel was created and decorated by Dominic Noel with the help of local craftsmen, and ____7____(offer) visitors a unique experience. But the main attraction of this Belgian spot is the two-story Troian Horse suite, which actually looks like a giant wooden cow. while it ____8____ a have been inspired by Greek mythology, this beautiful wooden structure actually is covered in medieval decorations ____9____(base) on fairy tales. ____10____ you are looking for a special hotel in Belgium, La Balade des Gnomes is a wonderful choice. 【1~10题答案】 【答案】1. better 2. Featuring 3. into 4. its##the 5. what 6. when 7. offers 8. may 9. based 10. If 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一个度假的好地方——La Balade des Gnomes。 【1题详解】 考查比较级。句意：如果你想度假，没有地方比得上La Balade des Gnomes。根据本句中的than词，可以推出此处应填入形容词的比较级,good的比级为better。故填better。 【2题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这个地方以十个精心装修的卧室和一个设计成特洛伊木马形状特别套房为特色,真的是独一无二。位于逗号前的这一部分做句子的状语，且动词Feature 意为“以……为特色”,与主语this place 是主动的关系,应该用现在分词。故填Featuring。 【3题详解】 考查介词。句意：La Balade des Gnomes 曾经是比利时一个普通农庄,后来被它的建筑师主人Dominic Noel 改建成了一个神奇的旅游景点。动词 change与介词 into 搭配，意为“将……变成……”,符合句意。故填into。 【4题详解】 考查限定词。句意：虽然房子的主人说这个酒店是由对大自然有浓厚兴趣的人们创造的,但是任何一个想象力丰富的人都会欣赏其独特的设计和装饰。空格位于名词短语前,所以应填入限定词,物主代词 its 或者定冠词符合句意。故填its/the。 【5题详解】 考查连接词。句意：房间的名称恰如其分地代表了你走进房间时所期待看见的东西。句中“you expect to see ...”为宾语从句,且引导词在从句中做动词 see 的宾语,故填 what。 【6题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：比如说，‘月亮社区’这个房间就会带你进入遥远的未来,那时人类可以在月球上的酒店里度假。“humans can spend their vacation in a hotel on the Moon”为定语从句,修饰先行词 a distant future,引导词在句中做状语,需填入关系副词 when。故填when。 【7题详解】 考查时态。句意：La Balade des Gnomes 酒店里的每一个房间都是由 Dominic Noel在当地艺匠们的帮助下设计并装修的，为游客们提供了独一无二的感受。句中连词 and连接了两个谓语动词,且空格处填入的谓语动词与主语是主动的关系,说明一般情况应填入一般现在时的主动语态。故填offers。 【8题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：虽然这一创意可能来源于希腊神话。空格位于动词原形前,应填情态动词或助动词,情态动词 may可表示“可能”,符合句意。故填may。 【9题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这一美丽的木质结构上的装饰是基于神话故事的中世纪风格。空格处应填入动词的适当形式做名词 decorations 的定语,动词 base 意为“把……建在……基础上”,与该名词为被动关系,因此需填入过去分词。故填based。 【10题详解】 考查连词。句意：如果你在比利时寻找一个特别的酒店,那么La Balade des Gnomes会是一个不错的选择。该分句为状语从句,表条件，因此填入连词if，置于句首，首字母大写。符合句意。故填If。 （上海市实验学校2024学年度第一学期高三英语10月月考） China, with her ambitious space program, is now on the point of turning her widest dream into reality. Recent breakthroughs in lunar soil research ____1____ (pave) the way for potential lunar base construction, a feat that could revolutionize our understanding of space and its potential for human settlement. The Chinese lunar exploration program has been strategic, with each mission ____2____ (build) upon the last to deepen our knowledge of Earth’s nearest neighbor. However, it is the latest research on the lunar soil ____3____ has truly opened doors to the future. Chinese researchers have discovered a method to extract water from lunar soil through a high-temperature reaction. This process involves heating the soil to temperatures above 1000°C, causing the hydrogen stored in the soil due to solar wind irradiation over millions of years____4____ (react) with iron oxides, producing elemental iron and a significant amount of water. This discovery is crucial ____5____ it suggests that 1 ton of lunar soil could yield approximately 50 kilograms of water, enough to sustain the daily water needs of 50 people. The implications of this research are profound. Water is not only vital for human survival but is also a key component for producing oxygen and rocket fuel. With this method, a sustainable supply of water could be harnessed on the moon, greatly facilitating the establishment of a lunar research station and potentially ____6____ permanent base. The strategy proposed by the research team involves melting the lunar soil to produce water vapor. The leftover iron could be used for ____7____ (manufacture) magnetic materials, and the soil ____8____ (melt) could serve as a building material for infrastructure. This method is a game-changer, reducing the need to transport materials from Earth and making lunar construction more feasible. China’s vision for a lunar base extends____9____ scientific research. It is about establishing a foothold for humanity in the cosmos, a stepping stone for deeper space exploration. The Chinese space agency has already outlined plans for an international lunar research station by 2030, ____10____ will involve the construction of facilities for multidisciplinary research and technological verification. The journey from research to base construction is undoubtedly full of challenges, but the prospect of China’s lunar base is promising. 【答案】1. have paved 2. built 3. that 4. to react 5. because##as 6. a 7. manufacturing 8. melted##molten 9. to 10. which 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国在月球土壤研究方面的突破及意义。 【1题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：最近在月球土壤研究方面的突破为潜在的月球基地建设铺平了道路，这一壮举可能会彻底改变我们对太空及其人类定居潜力的认识。设空处为句子的谓语，强调过去的动作对现在的影响，应该用现在完成时，主语breakthroughs，结合主谓一致，故填have paved。 【2题详解】 考查with的复合结构。句意：中国的探月计划具有战略意义，每次任务都建立在上一次任务的基础上，以加深我们对地球最近邻居的了解。分析句子的结构可知，该句为with的复合结构，“with+宾语+宾补”的结构， each mission与build之间为被动关系。故填built。 【3题详解】 考查强调句。句意：然而，对月球土壤的最新研究才真正打开了通往未来的大门。分析句子的结构可知，该句为强调句：It+is+被强调部分+that+其他部分，该句强调主语the latest research on the lunar soil，故填that。 【4题详解】 考查动词。句意：这个过程包括将土壤加热到1000摄氏度以上，使土壤中由于数百万年的太阳风照射而储存的氢与氧化铁发生反应。固定短语cause…to do sth使……做某事。设空处应用动词不定式的形式作宾补，故填to react。 【5题详解】 考查连词。句意：这一发现是至关重要的，因为它表明一吨月球土壤可以产生大约50公斤的水，足以满足50人的日常用水需求。设空处引导原因状语从句，表示“因为”，故填because/as。 【6题详解】 考查冠词。句意：通过这种方法，可以在月球上利用可持续的水供应，极大地促进了月球研究站和永久基地的建立。设空处为冠词+形容词修饰空后的名词。故填a。 【7题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：剩下的铁可以用来制造磁性材料，融化的土壤可以作为基础设施的建筑材料。设空处为非谓语形式作宾语，空前为介词for，设空处为动名词的形式作宾语。故填manufacturing。 【8题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：剩下的铁可以用来制造磁性材料，融化的土壤可以作为基础设施的建筑材料。根据上句“The strategy proposed by the research team involves melting the lunar soil to produce water vapor. (研究小组提出的策略包括融化月球土壤以产生水蒸气。)”可知，设空处指的是融化的土壤。此处用过去分词作后置定语，故填melted/molten。 【9题详解】 考查介词。句意：中国对月球基地的愿景延伸到了科学研究。extend to扩展到。故填to。 【10题详解】 考查定语从句的引导词。句意：中国航天局已经概述了到2030年建立国际月球研究站的计划，这将涉及建设多学科研究和技术验证的设施。设空处引导非限制性的定语从句且在句中作指物的主语，先行词为plans。故填which。 （2024学年第一学期敬业中学高三阶段检测英语试卷） S & A’s plan to fight theft The S&A Supermarket is the only place where residents in Boise can go shopping. It’s also the most frequently _____1_____ (visit) shop for local police. In the first six months of 2016, 14% of the city’s reports originated there, most for shopping (商店货物扒窃) — a figure that would be even higher if S&A called the police for every minor theft. _____2_____ (ease) that burden and reduce shopping losses, S&A is starting to do police work. Earlier this summer, 90 employees _____3_____ (hire) to guard its doors and check receipts. As part of a program called Justice, they will work with existing employees to manage some small crimes internally. If an employee catches a thief _____4_____ name is not in the police database — that is, a first-time offender — that person will get a choice: pay to take an online course about the consequences of their actions, or face charges. This idea, according to S & A, is to educate lawbreakers _____5_____ involving the police. But the efforts _____6_____ (raise) concerns. For one, it’s unclear _____7_____ the online courses are as helpful as they seem. It is because one of the administrative organizations is being accused of both overcharging and falsely _____8_____ (send) so-called shoplifters to prison. And _____9_____ _______there are extra staff members, S & A will remain difficult to secure because of its size and accessibility, especially during late-night hours, when fewer employees are working. Still, there are signs _____10_____ the program could work. The local police department says the program reduced police calls to the store by 40.5% from last October through July. But something truly transformational will likely take years — and more police runs in the meantime. 【答案】1. visited 2. To ease 3. were hired 4. whose 5. without 6. have raised 7. whether 8. sending 9. even if 10. that 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了S&A超市通过雇佣员工管理内部小型犯罪，并提供在线课程给初次犯罪者以减轻警务负担和减少超市盗窃的计划。 【1题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这也是当地警察最常光顾的商店。空处作定语修饰名词shop，visit与shop之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式visited“光顾的”作定语。故填visited。 【2题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：为了减轻这种负担并减少购物损失，S&A开始从事警察工作。句中已有谓语is starting，空处作非谓语动词，且结合语意，S&A开始从事警察工作，是为了减轻负担和购物损失，所以空处应用动词不定式形式作目的状语，to置于句首，首字母大写。故填To ease。 【3题详解】 考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：今年夏天早些时候，雇佣了90名员工守卫其大门并检查收据。根据时间状语Earlier this summer可知，句子使用一般过去时，hire与主语90 employees之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，主语是90 employees，be动词使用were。故填were hired。 【4题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：如果一名员工抓到一名名字不在警察数据库中的小偷，即第一次犯罪者，该人将有一个选择：付费参加关于其行为后果的在线课程，否则将面临指控。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词thief ，关系词修饰名词name，在从句中作定语，应用whose。故填whose。 【5题详解】 考查介词。句意：根据S&A的说法，这个想法是在不涉及警察的情况下教育违法者。根据上文“that person will get a choice: pay to take an online course about the consequences of their actions, or face charges”可知，此处表示不涉及警察，空处应用介词，后接动名词作宾语，表示“没有，不用”。故填without。 【6题详解】 考查时态。句意：但这些努力引起了人们的担忧。句子描述过去的情况对现在有影响，应用现在完成时，主语是efforts，谓语动词使用have raised。故填have raised。 【7题详解】 考查连词。句意：其一，目前尚不清楚在线课程是否像看起来那样有用。根据句中unclear可推知，此处表示不清楚是否有用，空处应用whether引导主语从句，表示“是否”，其中it作形式主语，符合题意。故填whether。 【8题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这是因为其中一个行政机构被指控对所谓的入店行窃者收取过高费用并错误地将其送入监狱。空处与overcharging并列，作介词of的宾语，应用动名词形式。故填sending。 【9题详解】 考查连词。句意：即使有额外的工作人员，S&A仍将很难确保安全，因为它的规模和可达性，尤其是在深夜，因为工作的员工越来越少。根据句中“S & A will remain difficult to secure”以及语意可知，此处表示即使有额外的工作人员也很难确保安全，空处应用even if，表示“即使”，符合题意。故填even if。 【10题详解】 考查连词。句意：尽管如此，有迹象表明该计划可能会奏效。空处引导同位语从句，解释说明此抽象名词signs，从句中不缺少成分和意义，应用that引导从句。故填that。 （2023年上海春季高考真题） Young Enterprise Young Enterprise is an organization that makes serious efforts to teach all types of young people the general principles of running a business (21) __________( originate ) in the United States of America, the idea of Young Enterprise was introduced into Britain by a successful banker.(22)__________ it developed slowly in its early years, the organization grew rapidly later. Young Enterprise is now backed by industry and commerce, so that today young people throughout the United Kingdom can participate. A participant in Young Enterprise is known as an Achiever. Young Enterprise primarily meets the needs of young people ( 23 )__________ are still at school, giving them an understanding of industry and the opportunities it may offer them in the future. But it is usually possible (24 )__________ ( include ) young people in the same age group who have left school but have not yet started work. An Adviser is a practicing business executive (管理人员) with an expert knowledge of his own field who volunteers to keep a Young Enterprise company during its trading year.(25)__________counts for Advisers is an ability to get on with young people and to put across the subject. As the name(26)__________ (imply), Advisers are there to advise: they do not run the companies. Normally, three Advisers-one on accountancy, one on production and one on marketing,(27)__________ ( be ) available to each company. Young Enterprise makes (28)__________ a rule that the Advisers must come from a variety of business occupations. A Sponsor,(29)__________ (reward) only by the success of the enterprise of "its" Achievers, is an organization which participates in Young Enterprise and,(30 )__________ its own expense, provides facilities by making available communications,advice and encouragement. 【答案】 21. Originating 22. Although/Though/While 23. who/that 24. to include 25. What 26. implies 27. are/will be/have been 28. it 29. rewarded 30. at 【解析】 【导读】文章主要讲述Young Enterprise是一个教育组织，旨在教导年轻人经营企业的基本原则。它起源于美国，在英国得到了广泛支持。参与者被称为"Achievers"，他们可以是在校学生或已离校但未开始工作的年轻人。每个Young Enterprise公司都有顾问来指导他们，顾问必须具备相关商业经验。赞助商提供支持并根据企业的成功获得回报。 【详解】 21. Originating 考查现在分词 "originate"是“起源于……”，非谓语动词的现在分词形式，修饰"the idea of Young Enterprise"，表示Young Enterprise的想法起源于美国。 22. Although/Though/While 考查让步状语从句。"although/though/while"表示让步关系，引导让步状语从句，意为"尽管"。根据原文句子结构和语境判断。 23. who/that 考查定语从句。这里使用关系代词作为介绍young people的定语从句，修饰"young people"，指代"young people"，做主语，指人，可以使用"who/that"。 24. to include 考查动词不定式。"to include"根据句子结构，空格前的谓语动词is。判定此处为非谓语动词，而且结合句子结构It is加形容词加to do something.故填入动词不定式to include. 句意：但通常可以将同一年龄段的年轻人包括在内，他们已经离开学校，但尚未开始工作。 25. What 考查名词从句。这里使用名词从句"What counts for Advisers"引导一个主语从句，意为"对于顾问来说，重要的是……"。根据原文句子结构和语境判断。 26. implies 考查一般现在时。根据句子结构和语境，这里用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式"implies"，表示"意味着"。根据原文句子结构和语境判断。 27. are/will be/have been 考查时态。根据句子结构，主语three Advisers后面的破折号是解释说明，判定空格处动词be是句子的谓语部分，再结合句意可知此处为主系表结构，而且“be available to”表示“可用于……，……可利用或得到的”，Advisers是复数，故填入are/will be/ have been。句意：通常，每家公司都有三名顾问，一名会计顾问、一名生产顾问和一名营销顾问。 28.it 考查代词。 "it"是代词，作为形式宾语代替后面that从句。真正宾语是"that the Advisers must come from a variety of business occupations"。 29. rewarded 考查过去分词。"rewarded"是过去分词作后置定语，修饰"Sponsor"，表示"被奖励"。根据原文句子结构和语境判断。 30. 考查介词（at the expense...），构成介词短语"at its own expense"，表示"以自己的费用"。根据原文句子结构和语境判断。 (2022年上海春季高考英语真题) The Lights of Aurora On the night of 2 September1859, the dark sky over Europe and North America was suddenly full of light!The light did no come from the sun or the moon and it had a strange colour. The light moved across the sky, (21)___________( come ) and going, like clouds in a strong wind in the United States, a man in Boston was using the telegraph to speak to a man in Portand160kmaway They both turned off the electricity for the telegraph, but (22)__________ could still speak to each other for the next two hours. The electricity was coming from the light in the sky. How was this possible? And what was the light in the sky? The light is called the aurora. Usually you can see it only at the very north of the earth,(23)_______it is called aurora borealis or Northerm Lights, or at the very south, where it is the aurora australis or Southern Lights. But in 1859, something happened in the sun-a very large storm-and it moved the aurora across the middle of the earth. We do not think that his ever happened before 1859, and we know that it (24)________ (not happen) since then. Why does the aurora happen? And why can we only see it at the top or bottom of the earth The aurora is made by something (25)__________(call) the ‘'solar wind’( wind from the sun). We cannot see this wind, or touch it. It is a wind of particles that travel away from the sun at the time at about 400 kilometers a second. Most of the particles never touch the earth The earth has a kind of ‘wall’ around it that defends it(26)________these particles. This wall is called the earth's magnetic field,and it pushes the particles away on either side, But the earth's magnetic field has two “windows” in it: the magnetic north, and the magnetic south. At these places. the earth's magnetic field turns down into the earth. And some of the particles from the solar wind come through these magnetic ' windows'. These solar particles crash is to the particles tat are already in our sky. And ( 27 )_________this happens. we see the beautiful lines or clouds of light of the aurora. Alaska is a good place ( 28 )________( see ) the auurora borealis , and you can also go to places like Iceland, Siberia , the north of Greenland , Norway , Sweden, and Scotland To seethe aurora australis , go to the south of Australia , Tasmania , or New Zealand. People travel thousands of kilometers to see the aurora , and they can never be sure ( 29)_______it will happen .But (30) _______________do see it say that they will never forget it. 【答案】 21.coming 22.they 23.where 24,has not happened 25.called 26.against 27.when/as 28.to see 29.that 30.whoever 【解析】 21.coming [解析]考查现在分词。根据句子结构，空格处提示动词与“going”并列，所以形式应保持一致，所以填入 coming。句意:光在天空中移动，来来去去，就像强风中的云。 22.they [解析]考查代词作作主语。根据句子结构，该句缺主语，结合前面的“They both turned off the electricity for the telegraph,”可知这后半句的主语也为“they”，故填入they。句意:他们俩都关掉了电报机的电源，但在接下来的两个小时里，他们仍然可以互相交谈。 23.where [解析]考查定语从句。根据后面的“or at the very south,where it is the aurora australis or Southern Lights.”可知此处同样是一个定语从句，也是用关系副词where 作后面从句的地点状语。故填入 where。句意:通常，你只能在地球的最北边看到它，在那里它被称为北极光，或者在地球的最南边，它被称为南极光。24.has not happened [解析]考查现在完成时的否定结构。此处的宾语从句缺谓语动词，结合“since”可知此处的时态为现在完成时，故填入 has not happened。句意:我们不认为这种情况在 1859 年以前发生过，我们知道从那以后也没有发生过。 25.called [解析]考查过去分词作后置定语。根据句子的谓语动词 is made，判定空格处的动词为非谓语结构，而且分析句子结构可知，此处应用动词的过去分词作后置定语修饰 something，故填入 called。句意: 极光是由一种叫做“太阳风来自太阳的风)的东西产生的。 26.against [解析]查介词。此处考查固定搭配 defend...against... 保卫...以免受...)，故填入 against。句意:地球周围有一种“墙”，可以保护它不受这些粒子的影响。 27.when/as [解析]考查时间状语从句。本段一开始提到“Why does the aurora happen? (为什么会发生极光?)”，可知本段解释了极光是如何发生的，那么此处说的应是“当这种情况发生时，我们就会看到美丽的极光线或云”，这是一个时间状语从句,故填入“when/as”。句意:当这种情况发生时，我们就会看到美丽的极光线或云。 28.to see [解析]考查动词不定式。根据句子谓语动词 is 判定空格处提示动词是非谓语动词结构，而此处考查的是句式:(It+is+a/an+名词+to+do+sth.)，故填入 to see句意:阿拉斯加是观赏北极光的好地方。 29.that [解析]考查宾语从句。根据 be sure 后面的 it will happen，判定从句作的是宾语的成分，故此处用 that 引导宾语从句，填入 that。句意:人们千里迢迢去看极光,却永远无法确定它是否会发生。 30.whoever [解析]考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知此句缺主语，而后面宾语从句的主语为 they，再结合前面提到的“人们千里迅通去看极光”，说明极光很受欢迎，可以推测出这里的句意为“但是看到它的人都说他们永远不会忘记它”，也就是“无论是谁看到了它都说永远不会忘记它”，故填入 whoever。句意:但是看到它的人都说他们永远不会忘记它。 (2021年上海秋季高考英语真题) The Spread of Disease Traveling from one city to another can lead to the spread of disease. When people arrive in a new place , they may bring in bacteria that ( 21)__________( not be) present in the past. The people there have no natural protection ( 22) __________these new bacteria, so they catch the disease more easily. (23)________ it is unfamiliar, health workers may not identify it or stop it from spreading. People with the disease may continue to have contact with others. In this way, the bacteria travel from person to person through the population. This was ( 24 )__________happened, for example, when soldiers travelled back home at the end of the First World War. These soldiers brought with them the Spanish flu, and ( 25 )________cost millions of lives. Heating and cooling systems in buildings can also be a source of disease. Take old air conditioners in windows as an example. They tend to collect dirt and water, which makes it easy for bacteria (26)_____( grow). Then when the air-conditioner ( 27 )_________(turn) on, the bacteria will be blown into the home or office and make people sick. Bacteria grow fast in the water of the cooling towers. They are then sent throughout the building with the air conditioning and can affect anyone in the building. Scientists first recognized this problem in July 1976, by (28)_________ time 221 people had become seriously ill.. Pollution of the oceans can also be a factor in spreading disease. The pollution may be caused by fertilizers that wash into rivers and then into the ocean, or by human waste (29) _________ ( dump ) directly into the ocean with no processing. These pollutants result in the increased growth of tiny plants that are called algae (海藻). They can form a thick mass in the water, (30) __________( provide ) a perfect environment for cholera , a fatal disease. 【答案】21.were not 22.against 23. Because/ Since/ As 24. what 25. it/ that 26. to grow 27. is tuned 28. which 29. dumped 30. providing 【答案详解】 21. were not 【解析】考查一般过去时的否定结构。根据句子结构分析，该空所处句子结构为定语从句，修饰 bacteria，但是bacteria 为名词复数形式(类似data)，又根据此处的时间状语 in the past 可知，此处需要填入一般过去时态，且该句为陈述句，故此处填入 were not。此题作为新高考英语的创新型试题，考查同学们语篇语境下的语法应用能力。Be作为助动词，其与后面的表语一起构成谓语结构。 22.against 【解析】考查介词。结合该空前后的相关内容，可推知，此处想要表达的是“人们没有对抗细菌的天然保护，所以更容易感染这种疾病”，再结合句子结构，此处短语作后置定语修饰protection，而 against 有“反对”之意，符合句意，故此处填入 against。 23.Because/ Since/ As 【解析】考查原因状语从句。结合下文可知，该句下文讲述的是相关结果，即推知前文在讲述原因。再结合句子结构分析，该空所在句子结构完整，且与主句用逗号隔开，即此处为状语从句，故此处填入 Because/ Since/As 引导原因状语从句。 24.what 【解析】考查表语从句。根据句子结构分析，此处为表语从句，且该空在从句中做主语。再结合下文例子，此处在讲述某件事，因此可确定此处考查固定搭配 what happened， 故此处填入 what。 25. it/that 【解析】考查代词。根据句子结构分析，该句中缺少主语，又结合上文内容推知。该空处指代的是上文提及的 the Spanish flu，故此处填入代词it/that。 26.to grow 【解析】考查动词不定式。根期从句的谓语动间 makes 判定此处非讲语结构。而且根糖句子结构分析，此处考查固定搭配 make itradj to do sth意为“使某事助的怎么样"，故此处填入to grow。 27.is turned 【解析】考查一般现在时的被动。根据相关句意分析，可知此处的空调是“被打开”，即需要填入动词的被动语态，又因为该空前 the air-conditioner 的提示，可知从句中的主语用的是单数形式，故此处填入 is tuned。 28. which 【解析】 考查非限制性定语从句。根据句子结构分析，可知该空所在句子为非限制性定语，修饰上旬所述相关情况，再结合句意分析，此处主要强调的是相关的时间，又因为该空前有介词 by，故需要用 by which 代替 when 充当引导词，故此处填入 which。 29. dumped 【解析】 考查过去分词。根据主句谓语动词 may be caused 以及or 引导的并列状语，判定空格处的动词为非谓语动词。而且句子结构分析，该空处做后置定语修饰 human waste，再结合上文内容推知，此处想要表达的是“未经加工直接被倾倒到海洋中的人类废弃物”，即此处需要填入动词的过去分词形式，故此处填入 dumped。 30. providing 【解析】考查现在分词。根据句子的谓语动词 can form 判定空格处的动词为非谓语结构,在从句子结构分析，该空构成分词短语作状语,再根据相关句意分析,此处想表述的是“它们可以在水中形成厚厚的团块，为霍乱这种致命疾病提供一个完美的环境”，即此处需要填入动同的现在分词，故此处填入 providing （2019年上海春季高考真题） Start with the end and work backwards When Jason Hoelscher was an undergraduate of fine art studies, there weren’t any professional development classes. So ambition and the timely realization ____1____ he would have to determine “what’s next” on his own urged Jason to engage his future self to find direction. It was 1996, and he was finishing his BFA (Bachelor of Fine Art) in Denver. He was faced with the choice of sitting back to wait for something ____2____ (happen), or pursuing a path into the unknown. He chose the latter. Jason set up a plan that in five years he ____3____ (show) his work in the top gallery in that area of the country. This five-year goal gave him a starting point ____4____ which to work backwards. By setting the goal, all of Jason’s efforts ____5____ (point) in the same direction. He showed up at different art show openings, and researched as best he could to make ____6____ familiar with the market environment. As a result of showing up, Jason took opportunities ____7____ got him closer to his goal. He sent work to a student show and was accepted by Robin Rule, the owner of Rule Gallery. ____8____ (inspire), Jason spent the next month making new work. In April of 1997, Jason went back to Rule Gallery with his new work. ____9____ scared to death, he looked confident at the gallery meeting. When he left, he left as the newest addition to the rule gallery roster (花名册). He had his first exhibition there one year later. Jason could have stopped with the show selection, but what he really wanted was gallery representation. He struck while the iron was hot, and in _____10_____ (do) so, shortened his five-year plan into a year-and-a-half. 【答案】1. that 2. to happen 3. would show 4. from 5. pointed 6. himself 7. and 8. Inspired 9. Although 10. doing 【解析】 本文属于记叙文，介绍Jason Hoelscher为自己设定一个五年目标，不断努力，最终用一年半就实现了。 【1题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：他自己决定自己要做什么的雄心和及时觉悟督促他自己找到未来的方向。分析句子可知，he would have to determine “what’s next” on his own为限制性定语从句修饰先行词So ambition and the timely realization，从句缺乏have 的宾语，故用关系代词that或者which。 【2题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：他面临两个选择，第一个坐着等待事情的发生，另一个选择就是去探索未知的路。分析句子可知，happen作后置定语修饰something，故用不定式to happen。 【3题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：他给自己设定了一个目标，用五年的时间，他要让他自己的作品在全国顶尖艺术馆里被展出。分析句子可知，本句缺乏谓语，show与he为主谓关系，故用主动语态，由于陈述过去的计划和打算，故用过去将来时，综述用would show。 【4题详解】 考查介词。句意：这个五年时间的目标给了他一个起点，他可以从这个起点反向努力。分析句子可知，which to work backwards为定语从句结构修饰先行词starting point，从句缺乏介词，根据先行词，故用介词from。 【5题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：通过设定目标，他的所有努力能向着同一个方向。分析句子可知，本句缺乏谓语，point与主语efforts为主谓关系，故用主动语态，陈述过去事情，故用一般过去时pointed。 【6题详解】 考查反身代词。句意：他会出现在各个艺术展览开幕式，尽可能做研究来让自己熟悉市场环境。分析句子可知，本句缺乏宾语，由于主语为he，宾语与主语为同一人称，故宾语用反身代词himself。 【7题详解】 考查连词。句意：由于经常露面，他抓住所有机会，朝着自己的目标不断前进。分析句子可知，took opportunities和got him closer都是句子谓语，为并列关系，故用并列连词and。 【8题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：深受启发，他花了一个月时间来创作新的作品。分析句子可知，inspire作状语修饰he，与其属于动宾关系，故用过去分词形式Inspired。 【9题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：尽管害怕的要死，但是在展览会上他看起来信心满满。分析句子可知，前后句属于转折让步关系，故用连词Although。 【10题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：他趁热打铁，通过这样做，把五年的目标用一年半的时间就实现了。in为介词后接动词ing形式，故用doing。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！第 1 页 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第03讲： 语法填空命题剖析及解题要领 知识梳理 演练 【考情链接】 上海高考英语语法填空题是全面检测学生语法在篇章中综合运用能力，能更科学地反应学生的英语语法知识的综合程度。上海历年高考英语语法高频考察点主要有：时态、语态、谓语与非谓语动词、倒装、连词、三大从句、特殊句式、词组及固定搭配等。本题型分两种情形：一种为已给单词提示；一种为不给单词提示。值得注意的是近年试题中出现一些平常我们在一模二模中不常考到而被忽视的语法点。 【要点梳理】 （一）语法填空考点 出题方式 词性考查 考点分布 特别注意 有提示词 形容词/ 副词 原 级 1、双音节单词比较级最高级的变形 2、修饰比较级最高级的词 3、less/least+adj/adv情况 4、双写+er的单词 比较级 最高级 动词 时态语态 1、各种时态的标志词以及特征 2、主动表被动情况 不定式 1、不定式作主宾表定状补 2、动名词作主宾表定 3、分词作表定状补 4、各种非谓语的时态语态 动名词 分 词 无提示词 冠词 定冠词/不定冠词 判断语境是特指还是非特指 介词 搭配及其他 熟练掌握固定搭配以及本身用法 代词 人称物主代词 1、复合句的从句除去关系代词仍缺成分 2、反身代词不能作主语，可作宾语、表语、同位语 3、代词作定语 不定代词 反身单词 动词 情态动词 观察语境中暗含的情感和态度 助动词/系动词 倒装情况 从属连词 定语从句 1、熟练判断各种复合句结构，掌握连接词的特定用法 2、how+adj/adv情况，what+n情况，how many/much/ long....情况 3、表语从句连接词as if，because 名词性从句 状语从句 强调句 并列连词 并列句 判断上下句之间的逻辑关系 （二）语法填空考点详解 1、 有提示词 1）形容词/副词 括号中给出形容词或副词，考查其原级比较级最高级。注意比较级有+er的，加more的，还有加less的，加the least的。 【考题练习】 1. Are you looking to take a break from your everyday life and relax in a fairy-tale world? If so, there's probably no ________(good) place than La Balade des Gnomes, near the town of Durbuy, Belgium. 2. Studies have shown that rudeness spreads quickly. Just witnessing rudeness makes it far more likely that we, in turn, will be rude later on. Once infected, we are more aggressive, ______ (creative) and worse at our jobs. 3. Disney says zootopia is its __________ (complex) animation yet. The extra effort is certainly paying off at the box office. 4. This is not the first time scientists have tried to solve this problem. But methods they tried in the past led to band-aids that were _____(sticky) and therefore didn’t stay on for long. 5. The smoke grew_______ (thick) and I could see fire all around. The floor became hot under my bare feet. I found an open door and ran into a room to get to the window. 2）动词 谓语动词：看句子有没有连词，若无连词，则要有1个谓语动词，有1个连词，则句子应该有2个谓语动词，2个连词应该有3个谓语动词，若缺少则所给动词就是谓语动词；此时前看看，后看看确定时态和语态。(注意定语从句可省略宾语及宾语从句省略that情况) 非谓语动词：若句中已有谓语动词，且无连词，或谓语动词数量满足“连词+1”的情况则所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用不定式、动名词还是分词。 不定式to do表将来，常考作宾语、目的状语； 动名词doing 表习惯性动作，可作主宾表定状补，常考作主语、宾语； 现在分词doing 表主动、进行，可作主宾表定，常考作表语、定语、状语； 过去分词done表被动、完成，可作表定状补，常考作表语、定语、状语。 【考题练习】 1. The acts of revenge people had taken ________ (range) from the ridiculous to the disturbing. 2. The science field believes that the oldest surfaces on Mars formed during the wet and warm era _______ (know) as the Noachan epoch, about 4.1 billion to 3.7 billion years ago. 3. The term developed after an April post on the Tieba forum, whose author, unemployed for the last two years, described a low-effort, low-cost lifestyle ________ (consist) of just a few months’ work out of the year. 4. Being skinny is not beautiful but being healthy is. Most young people, unfortunately, ______(convince) that being thin, and therefore being stylish is a major way of maintaining self-worth.   5. Conservators at the Nelson-Atkins museum of art in Kansas City said they discovered the dead insect in one of its star paintings, Vincent van Gogh’s Olive Trees, when it _______ (scan) as part of the research for a catalogue of its French painting collection. 6. __________(earn) some money to pay the daily expenses, I started work in a local café as a waiter. 7. When I ask him to please put down the phone and stop _______ (ignore) me, he says, "In a minute," but still checks to see if somebody has posted something new on the Internet. 8. But the panic that filled my shocked heart in that awful moment was for the nine cats that shared my home after ______ (rescue) from situations of ill-treatment and abandonment. 9. There are even a number of shops ______ (specialize) in selling products for left-handed people, such as left-handed scissors, can openers, guitars, and even a left-handed camera. 10. I was a little startled by her reply. ________ (not do) anything like this before, I didn’t know what kind of reaction I might receive. 2、无提示词 1）冠词 表示泛指的“一(个,本,座……)”时用不定冠词a/an，表示特指时用the。 【考题练习】 1. The reason for the rise of such a careless behavior is that there is __________ large demand for food delivery workers, and many companies offer high salaries to attract new workers. 2. Just as I approached my car, I saw the woman I’d let have my car spot earlier. She was giving me _________ odd look—half puzzled, half intent (热切的). 3. I hated dinner parties. But I decided to give them another try because I’m in London. And my friend Mallery invited me. And because __________ dinner parties in London are very different from those in New York. 2）介词 句子不缺主语、表语、动词后不缺宾语的情况下，名词或代词前面，一定是填介词。 常用介词：in, on, at, to, from, of, off, under, above, below, over, across, through, beyond, behind, beside, between, among, near, up, down, along, around, before, after, since, for, against, besides, except, by, with, without, about, as, like, during, into, throughout, until, within, toward, past, despite, regardless of, in spite of, because of, due to, owing to, thanks to, except for, apart from, other than, such as, according to, instead of, rather than, as well as, in addition to, … 【考题练习】 1. There may be few CDs which do such a good job of documenting a band’s career. And there is no band ________ the Rolling Stones. 2. Formerly an ordinary Belgian farmhouse, La Balade des Gnomes was changed ________ a magical tourist spot by architect and owner Dominic Noel. 3. Before she could react, I gave her a big hug and told her she didn’t need to keep it a secret ______ me. 4. ______ immense differences in cultures, heroes around the world generally share a number of characteristics that instruct and inspire people. 5. When you win, the good way is to be a polite and generous winner. Sportsmanship means admitting victories ______ putting your opponents to shame and letting victories speak for themselves, that is, being quietly proud of success. 3）代词 当句子缺主语、宾语或定语时，填代词。前后看,是指人、事物；指男、指女,单数、复数；还是填形式主语或形式宾语的it。(注意定语从句可省略作宾语的关系代词,宾语从句可省略that情况，反身代词不能做主语，可做宾语和同位语情况等) 主要考察：人称代词we, you, her, it, they等；物主代词my, their, yours, hers等；反身代词himself, themselves等；指示代词this, these, that, those;不定代词 everything, something, anything, nothing, everyone, someone, everybody, somebody, anybody, nobody, both, either, neither, all, none, each, others, the other, another, the others, one, the one(s). 【考题练习】 1. Yet as they got closer, they realized it was ________ quite different. 2. But they changed the story because they found the animal world especially interesting. They said to ________something like this, “What’s this world like? What’s the history of this world?” 3. Alan also suffered from heart attack, which cost the family much. One thing led to ________, and they found themselves in a financial disaster. 4. In remembering the small things his father did for him and his family, such as lighting a fire in the morning and polishing his shoes, the speaker begins to understand an aspect of parental love that escaped _______ notice in the past. 5. Some compare them to the 1950s Beat Generation in the United States. ________ consider their behavior a form of nonviolent resistance or “ideological emancipation(解放)” from consumerism 4）情态动词和助动词 若结构较完整，空格在主语和谓语动词之间且动词是原形，一般是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词(do, does, did等)。 【考题练习】 1. But he added that even minor genetic changes _______ have serious consequences. 2. At the same time, melting sea ice also release more ocean water, which result in increased water vapor in the atmosphere that __________ be transferred into snow. 3. Not untilI returned 32. ____________ I realize that a quiet town life was the best for me.In my opinion, it is possible for you to find some real good friends with the help of new technology but you __________ __________ take care. 4. They ________ very well feel a need to step up their demands upon hearing the awful findings of the special report on the ocean and cryosphere（低温层）in a changing climate, released on Wednesday by the International Panel on Climate Change. have to/ ought to did5）从属连词 若两句之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一般填从属连词。 强调句：It is...that... 定语从句: 关代：that, which, who, whom, whose, as; 关副：when, where, why 名词性从句: 从属连词：that, if/whether, because, as if; 关代：what, who, whom, whose, which, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever; 关副：when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however 状语从句: 时间when, while, as, before, after, every/each time, as soon as, the moment/minute, hardly…when, no sooner…than, since, once, until； 地点where, wherever； 原因because, as, since, now that； 目的in order that, so that, in case, for fear that； 结果so that, so/such…that； 比较than, as…as, the more…the more…； 让步although, though, even if/though, while, as, no matter what/ who/when…, whatever…., whether…or； 方式as, as if/though； 条件if, unless, as long as… 【考题练习】 1. Perhaps __________ my mother had told me was deeply rooted in my mind. I just did as she had expected. 2. It’s taken a long time for women to realize __________important strength training is, but once they try it, they will be hooked. 3. The man took off, but instead of running out of the back door _____ he came in, he accidentally ran into the garage and was seized there. 4. Many pointed to the fact that they are constantly having to provide for their grown-up children at an age ______ they assumed they should be financially independent. 5. ________ much they earned, it never seemed to be enough. 6. __________ a household was expecting guest, large amounts of food were prepared in advance, usually by the women. 7. The research was further funder and a team was assembled__________ goal was to help Genie live a normal life and study her progress. 8. ________ ________ ________ the train arrived at its destination, Winston got off and left quickly. 9. Only 3,000 performers, _______ teenagers made up the vast majority, took part, compared with 15,000 in 2008, Xinhua said. 10. But studies also indicate that spending time in nature can do more than provide an improved sense of well-being; it can lower rates of heart disease and diabetes. That is probably _______ we evolved in nature and have been adapted to the natural environment. 6）并列连词 若两个或三个单词、短语或句子之间设空，可能是填并列连词。 并列连词：and, but, or, so, for, yet, then, however, therefore, while, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but 【考题练习】 1. The road had been cleared, (33)__________ it was still dangerously icy. Despite the slippery road. 2. Homegrown Hamilton, a coffee chain of Canada, has decided to join the effort. “It’s a fantastic initiative (25) _______we decided to help out. 3. It is (34)________ because we’re not making time or because our priorities are not what we actually need. （三）两个空和三个空的填法 两空常填连词 表原因：now that 表时间：every time/ the moment 表让步：even if / even though 表方式：as if / as though 表目的：so that / in case 表结果：so that 定语从句：介词 + which 表除了：except that 表疑问：how much (many/long/often/soon) 三空常填连词 表目的：in order that / for fear that 表时间：as soon as 表条件：as/so long as / on condition that 表让步：no matter how + adj./ no matter what (+ n.) 另：as far as (as far as I know, as far as I’m concerned) 两空常填介词 表原因：because of/ due to/ owing to/thanks to 表让步：regardless of 表相反：instead of/ rather than 表除了：except for / other than/apart from 表根据/例举：according to / such as 三空常填介词 表让步：in spite of 表并列：as well as 表除了：in addition to 表目的：in order to 两空常填情态动词 have to / had better / ought to / may/might (as) well 【考题练习】 1. _______ _____ you have signed the contract with them，there is no point in discussing the price. 2.You will certainly succeed _______ _______ _______ you keep on trying. 3. He hurried out of the room ______ ______ ________ the meeting was over. 4. Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill ________  ________ school education depends. 课堂精练 演练 1．It’s honor to be invited here to give a lecture today. (用适当的词填空) 2．The population of the city is increasing an alarming rate, putting pressure on local resources. (用适当的词填空) 3．Just as I was going downstairs, struck me that I had left the door unlocked. (用适当的词填空) 4．Handshaking have started as an ancient custom to demonstrate to a stranger that you had no weapon in your hand. (用适当的词填空) 5．The evening is the (blessed) time of the day. Take this time to enjoy the happy times with friends and family. Have a laughter-filled evening. (所给词的适当形式填空) 6．People who have benefited from good behaviour are (likely) to do something nice for someone else later on. (所给词的适当形式填空) 7．The contest requires the chosen laughers to face off against each other as the audience determines who has (attractive) laugh. (所给词的适当形式填空) 8．On the other hand, plants which have a good adaptation to dry conditions or have the ability to store water in their cells require (frequent) watering . (所给词的适当形式填空) 9．In order to keep team members positive and motivated, the team leader needs to show these qualities. (用适当的词填空) 10．Instead of having to choose one or the other, we can benefit from of the approaches. (用适当的词填空) 11．He (adapt) to the new environment since he entered the university. (所给词的适当形式填空) 12．I thought the yellow dress was quite beautiful but mum (prefer) the red one. (所给词的适当形式填空) 13．I’m afraid we’d better hurry up. The talk we look forward to (begin) already. （所给词的适当形式填空） 14．They believed that by using computers the production of their factory (increase) greatly. 15．One day Gene and Hannah Bortnick heard piano music coming from their living room. They thought their 3-year-old son Ethan   (listen) to a CD．(所给词的适当形式填空) 16．It won’t be many weeks before more different reading-themed activities (hold) at the main venue of the Shanghai Children’s Book Fair. (所给词的适当形式填空) 17．So far, every possible means (try) to prevent the air pollution. (所给词的适当形式填空) 18．It so happened that my mobile phone (repair) when you called me yesterday. (所给词的适当形式填空) 19．Chungking Express, one of Wong Kar Wai’s personal’ favourites, is the movie that you cannot afford (miss). (所给词的适当形式填空) 20．He is said (study) for two years in America and now he is teaching in China. (所给词的适当形式填空) 21．I’m going to the supermarket this afternoon. Do you have anything (buy)? （用所给词的适当形式填空） 22．Taking physical exercise regularly is an effective way to avoid (infect) with the flu. (所给词的适当形式填空) 23．You can’t imagine what great trouble they will have (solve) the problem being discussed at the moment. (所给词的适当形式填空) 24．Italians throw old things out of their windows at midnight, (symbolize) the departure of the old. (所给词的适当形式填空) 25． (suffer) from heart disease for years, Professor White has to take medicine with him wherever he goes. (所给词的适当形式填空) 26．Linda felt herself (follow) on her way home from work yesterday evening, and therefore she was frightened and looked back from time to time. (所给词的适当形式填空) 27．The speech (deliver) by the president last week was inspiring.(所给词的适当形式填空) 28．They were well trained by their masters had great experience with caring for these animals. (用适当的词填空) 29．Bei Yuming is an architect designs have won international praise. (用适当的词填空) 30．Teachers should create an environment children are taught how to solve problems of learning by themselves. (用适当的词填空) 31．Your body language is equally important, it reveals ls a lot about your thoughts and attitudes. （用适当的词填空） 32． sometimes it may seem impossible to get along as a family, you can take action to improve the situation. (用适当的词填空) 33． difficult the task is, I will try my best to finish it.（用适当的词填空） 34．I have never seen as beautiful a place you have talked. (用适当的词填空) 35．It is a long time since they separated, but it won’t be long they meet again. (用适当的词填空) 36． the damage is done, it will take many years for the farmland to recover. (用适当的词填空) 37．What impresses me most is that he appears in front of others, he wears a sincere and charming smile.（用适当的词填空） 38．Once (face) with difficulties, we should try to overcome them instead of escaping. （所给词的适当形式填空） 39．But those numbers, impressive they seem, may be beside the point. (用适当的词填空) 40．Not only the writers speak with people who study culture and group behavior, but also they talked with animals experts like zookeepers. (用适当的词填空) 课后反馈 演练 Zika Virus The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared a global emergency over the Zika virus. The mosquito-borne virus ____1____ (link) to a surge in babies born with microcephaly(小头畸形)in Brazil since it was first found there last year. The WHO was widely criticized for its slow response to the 2014 Ebola crisis in West Africa. This time, it is eager to show its responsiveness. The organization took the rare step in spite of a lack of strong evidence ____2____ Zika is directly responsible for microcephaly. The WHO estimated there could be up to four million cases of Zika in the Americas this year, but the organization hasn’t made any recommendations ____3____ (restrict) travel or trade. The last time the WHO declared a public health emergency was for the Ebola outbreak in West Africa, ____4____ more than 11,000 people were killed. Similar declarations were made for polio in 2013 and swine flu in 2009. Such emergency declarations are meant as ____5____ international SOS signal. They usually lead to increased efforts to stop the outbreak, as well as ____6____ (motivate) researches into possible treatments and vaccines. Zika was first identified in 1947 in Africa. So far, there have been no effective treatments or vaccines for the virus. Michael Osterholm, an American public health expert, said it was still unclear ____7____ Zika had evolved since it first appeared in Africa. But he added that even minor genetic changes ____8____ have serious consequences. Osterholm said it was important for the WHO to act quickly, ____9____ the lack of definitive evidence. “For situations like this, you have to have a ‘no regrets’ policy,” he said. “Maybe this will be a false alarm _____10_____ more information is available months later. But according to the evidence we have right now, the situation has been serious enough. ” La Balade des Gnomes, a Perfect Place for Holiday Are you looking to take a break from your everyday life and relax in a fairy-tale world? If so, there's probably no ____1____(good) place than La Balade des Gnomes, near the town of Durbuy, Belgium. ____2____(Feature) ten amazingly-decorated bedrooms and a special suite(套房) designed in the form of a Trojan horse, this place is truly unique. Formerly an ordinary Belgian farmhouse, La Balade des Gnomes was changed ____3____ a magical tourist spot by architect and owner Dominic Noel. “The hotel was created by people who have a strong interest in nature," he says, but anyone with a rich imagination would certainly appreciate ____4____ special design and decorations as well. The names of the rooms well represent ____5____ you can expect to see when you walk through the door. A Moon Neighborhood , for example, takes you to a distant future ____6____ humans can spend their vacation in a hotel on the Moon. Every room in La Balade des Gnomes hotel was created and decorated by Dominic Noel with the help of local craftsmen, and ____7____(offer) visitors a unique experience. But the main attraction of this Belgian spot is the two-story Troian Horse suite, which actually looks like a giant wooden cow. while it ____8____ a have been inspired by Greek mythology, this beautiful wooden structure actually is covered in medieval decorations ____9____(base) on fairy tales. ____10____ you are looking for a special hotel in Belgium, La Balade des Gnomes is a wonderful choice. （上海市实验学校2024学年度第一学期高三英语10月月考） China, with her ambitious space program, is now on the point of turning her widest dream into reality. Recent breakthroughs in lunar soil research ____1____ (pave) the way for potential lunar base construction, a feat that could revolutionize our understanding of space and its potential for human settlement. The Chinese lunar exploration program has been strategic, with each mission ____2____ (build) upon the last to deepen our knowledge of Earth’s nearest neighbor. However, it is the latest research on the lunar soil ____3____ has truly opened doors to the future. Chinese researchers have discovered a method to extract water from lunar soil through a high-temperature reaction. This process involves heating the soil to temperatures above 1000°C, causing the hydrogen stored in the soil due to solar wind irradiation over millions of years____4____ (react) with iron oxides, producing elemental iron and a significant amount of water. This discovery is crucial ____5____ it suggests that 1 ton of lunar soil could yield approximately 50 kilograms of water, enough to sustain the daily water needs of 50 people. The implications of this research are profound. Water is not only vital for human survival but is also a key component for producing oxygen and rocket fuel. With this method, a sustainable supply of water could be harnessed on the moon, greatly facilitating the establishment of a lunar research station and potentially ____6____ permanent base. The strategy proposed by the research team involves melting the lunar soil to produce water vapor. The leftover iron could be used for ____7____ (manufacture) magnetic materials, and the soil ____8____ (melt) could serve as a building material for infrastructure. This method is a game-changer, reducing the need to transport materials from Earth and making lunar construction more feasible. China’s vision for a lunar base extends____9____ scientific research. It is about establishing a foothold for humanity in the cosmos, a stepping stone for deeper space exploration. The Chinese space agency has already outlined plans for an international lunar research station by 2030, ____10____ will involve the construction of facilities for multidisciplinary research and technological verification. The journey from research to base construction is undoubtedly full of challenges, but the prospect of China’s lunar base is promising. （2024学年第一学期敬业中学高三阶段检测英语试卷） S & A’s plan to fight theft The S&A Supermarket is the only place where residents in Boise can go shopping. It’s also the most frequently _____1_____ (visit) shop for local police. In the first six months of 2016, 14% of the city’s reports originated there, most for shopping (商店货物扒窃) — a figure that would be even higher if S&A called the police for every minor theft. _____2_____ (ease) that burden and reduce shopping losses, S&A is starting to do police work. Earlier this summer, 90 employees _____3_____ (hire) to guard its doors and check receipts. As part of a program called Justice, they will work with existing employees to manage some small crimes internally. If an employee catches a thief _____4_____ name is not in the police database — that is, a first-time offender — that person will get a choice: pay to take an online course about the consequences of their actions, or face charges. This idea, according to S & A, is to educate lawbreakers _____5_____ involving the police. But the efforts _____6_____ (raise) concerns. For one, it’s unclear _____7_____ the online courses are as helpful as they seem. It is because one of the administrative organizations is being accused of both overcharging and falsely _____8_____ (send) so-called shoplifters to prison. And _____9_____ _______there are extra staff members, S & A will remain difficult to secure because of its size and accessibility, especially during late-night hours, when fewer employees are working. Still, there are signs _____10_____ the program could work. The local police department says the program reduced police calls to the store by 40.5% from last October through July. But something truly transformational will likely take years — and more police runs in the meantime. （2023年上海春季高考真题） Young Enterprise Young Enterprise is an organization that makes serious efforts to teach all types of young people the general principles of running a business (21) __________( originate ) in the United States of America, the idea of Young Enterprise was introduced into Britain by a successful banker.(22)__________ it developed slowly in its early years, the organization grew rapidly later. Young Enterprise is now backed by industry and commerce, so that today young people throughout the United Kingdom can participate. A participant in Young Enterprise is known as an Achiever. Young Enterprise primarily meets the needs of young people ( 23 )__________ are still at school, giving them an understanding of industry and the opportunities it may offer them in the future. But it is usually possible (24 )__________ ( include ) young people in the same age group who have left school but have not yet started work. An Adviser is a practicing business executive (管理人员) with an expert knowledge of his own field who volunteers to keep a Young Enterprise company during its trading year.(25)__________counts for Advisers is an ability to get on with young people and to put across the subject. As the name(26)__________ (imply), Advisers are there to advise: they do not run the companies. Normally, three Advisers-one on accountancy, one on production and one on marketing,(27)__________ ( be ) available to each company. Young Enterprise makes (28)__________ a rule that the Advisers must come from a variety of business occupations. A Sponsor,(29)__________ (reward) only by the success of the enterprise of "its" Achievers, is an organization which participates in Young Enterprise and,(30 )__________ its own expense, provides facilities by making available communications,advice and encouragement. (2022年上海春季高考英语真题) The Lights of Aurora On the night of 2 September1859, the dark sky over Europe and North America was suddenly full of light!The light did no come from the sun or the moon and it had a strange colour. The light moved across the sky, (21)___________( come ) and going, like clouds in a strong wind in the United States, a man in Boston was using the telegraph to speak to a man in Portand160kmaway They both turned off the electricity for the telegraph, but (22)__________ could still speak to each other for the next two hours. The electricity was coming from the light in the sky. How was this possible? And what was the light in the sky? The light is called the aurora. Usually you can see it only at the very north of the earth,(23)_______it is called aurora borealis or Northerm Lights, or at the very south, where it is the aurora australis or Southern Lights. But in 1859, something happened in the sun-a very large storm-and it moved the aurora across the middle of the earth. We do not think that his ever happened before 1859, and we know that it (24)________ (not happen) since then. Why does the aurora happen? And why can we only see it at the top or bottom of the earth The aurora is made by something (25)__________(call) the ‘'solar wind’( wind from the sun). We cannot see this wind, or touch it. It is a wind of particles that travel away from the sun at the time at about 400 kilometers a second. Most of the particles never touch the earth The earth has a kind of ‘wall’ around it that defends it(26)________these particles. This wall is called the earth's magnetic field,and it pushes the particles away on either side, But the earth's magnetic field has two “windows” in it: the magnetic north, and the magnetic south. At these places. the earth's magnetic field turns down into the earth. And some of the particles from the solar wind come through these magnetic ' windows'. These solar particles crash is to the particles tat are already in our sky. And ( 27 )_________this happens. we see the beautiful lines or clouds of light of the aurora. Alaska is a good place ( 28 )________( see ) the auurora borealis , and you can also go to places like Iceland, Siberia , the north of Greenland , Norway , Sweden, and Scotland To seethe aurora australis , go to the south of Australia , Tasmania , or New Zealand. People travel thousands of kilometers to see the aurora , and they can never be sure ( 29)_______it will happen .But (30) _______________do see it say that they will never forget it. (2021年上海秋季高考英语真题) The Spread of Disease Traveling from one city to another can lead to the spread of disease. When people arrive in a new place , they may bring in bacteria that ( 21)__________( not be) present in the past. The people there have no natural protection ( 22) __________these new bacteria, so they catch the disease more easily. (23)________ it is unfamiliar, health workers may not identify it or stop it from spreading. People with the disease may continue to have contact with others. In this way, the bacteria travel from person to person through the population. This was ( 24 )__________happened, for example, when soldiers travelled back home at the end of the First World War. These soldiers brought with them the Spanish flu, and ( 25 )________cost millions of lives. Heating and cooling systems in buildings can also be a source of disease. Take old air conditioners in windows as an example. They tend to collect dirt and water, which makes it easy for bacteria (26)_____( grow). Then when the air-conditioner ( 27 )_________(turn) on, the bacteria will be blown into the home or office and make people sick. Bacteria grow fast in the water of the cooling towers. They are then sent throughout the building with the air conditioning and can affect anyone in the building. Scientists first recognized this problem in July 1976, by (28)_________ time 221 people had become seriously ill.. Pollution of the oceans can also be a factor in spreading disease. The pollution may be caused by fertilizers that wash into rivers and then into the ocean, or by human waste (29) _________ ( dump ) directly into the ocean with no processing. These pollutants result in the increased growth of tiny plants that are called algae (海藻). They can form a thick mass in the water, (30) __________( provide ) a perfect environment for cholera , a fatal disease. （2019年上海春季高考真题） Start with the end and work backwards When Jason Hoelscher was an undergraduate of fine art studies, there weren’t any professional development classes. So ambition and the timely realization ____1____ he would have to determine “what’s next” on his own urged Jason to engage his future self to find direction. It was 1996, and he was finishing his BFA (Bachelor of Fine Art) in Denver. He was faced with the choice of sitting back to wait for something ____2____ (happen), or pursuing a path into the unknown. He chose the latter. Jason set up a plan that in five years he ____3____ (show) his work in the top gallery in that area of the country. This five-year goal gave him a starting point ____4____ which to work backwards. By setting the goal, all of Jason’s efforts ____5____ (point) in the same direction. He showed up at different art show openings, and researched as best he could to make ____6____ familiar with the market environment. As a result of showing up, Jason took opportunities ____7____ got him closer to his goal. He sent work to a student show and was accepted by Robin Rule, the owner of Rule Gallery. ____8____ (inspire), Jason spent the next month making new work. In April of 1997, Jason went back to Rule Gallery with his new work. ____9____ scared to death, he looked confident at the gallery meeting. When he left, he left as the newest addition to the rule gallery roster (花名册). He had his first exhibition there one year later. Jason could have stopped with the show selection, but what he really wanted was gallery representation. He struck while the iron was hot, and in _____10_____ (do) so, shortened his five-year plan into a year-and-a-half. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！第 1 页 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$