【春考特训课】第04讲：选词填空十一选十之考点透视 -【决胜春季高考】2025年春季高考英语冲刺总复习（上海专用）

第04讲： 选词填空十一选十之考点透视 知识梳理 演练 【考情链接】 词汇填空题语篇约350词。文章首句不设空；一般每隔15-30个词会有一个空；空与空之间有完整意群；方框中词汇难度中高级，以实词为主，即名词、动词、形容词、副词；语法方面考察词性之间关系和句子结构分析能力；逻辑方面考察上下文联系。特别提示：近几年高考词汇题常出现构词法知识、一词多性、一词多义及熟词生义现象。 【要点梳理】 词性考察 考点分析 做题技巧 名词 1、主要考察名词作主语和宾语 2、注意名词也可作前置定语 1、先判断方框单词的词性词义，注意一词多性和一词多义。 2、精读第一句，掌握文章主题。 3、根据语法知识确定被填入空格词的词性，缩小范围。 4、根据文章理解确定答案。 5、仔细检查，最终敲定答案。 动词 do/does形式： 1、句子缺少一个谓语动词，可根据“谓语动词数=连词数+1”规则判断 2、注意三单和动词及物不及物 doing形式： 1、可能是动名词、现在分词和进行时态 2、动名词主要考察作主语、宾语 3、现在分词主要考察作表语、定语、状语、宾补，注意分词短语作后置定语情况 done形式： 1、可能是谓语动词过去式、被动语态及过去分词 2、若空格前有be动词，要根据句意判断是被动还是表状态的过去分词 3、过去分词主要考察作表语、定语、状语、宾补，注意分词短语作后置定语情况，注意单个过去分词作后置定语的情况，如：left，saved，remained，gained等 形容词 单个形容词作前置定语，形容词短语作后置定语 副词 句子结构完整时用副词，位置可放句首，句中，句末 · 解题思路一：名词的确定 动词的确定：名词在句子中做主语；形容词或名词都可以修饰名词；名词做动词宾语或介词宾语。 限定词 (the, this, that, a, my, their之类) 后必有名词。 例. A. hands B. qualities C. down D. curiosity E. pretty F. looks G. ashamed H. applied I. ruined J. information K. prospects Finally, ___8___ pushed me to ask the interviewers after we became colleagues. The answer was that I appeared confident but humble, responsible and communicative. They evaluated people not just on their academic certificates, but on the base of their ___9___ and abilities. I happened to be the right person. · 解题思路二：动词的确定 动词的确定：动词最容易确定，因为一个句子没有动词就等于没有谓语，是很明显的缺陷。而且动词的关联性、可比性最差，选这个和选那个有天壤之别。 例1： A. understand B. environmentally C. gamble D. involve E. necessary F. potential G. shortcuts H. specific I. structurally J. surprises K. inspect A home inspection will ___1___ hiring a company to send a home inspector out to go through your potential home with you and thoroughly inspect everything to make sure there are no major problems that might not be obvious to the average home owner. 例2. A. extremely B. aggressive C. curious D. threat E. communicates F. situation G. typically H. different I. contact J. signals K. gaze If you hold eye contact for more than 3 seconds, what are you telling another person? Much depends on the person and the situation. For instance, a man and a woman communicate interest in this manner. They typically ___3___ at each other for about 3 seconds at a time, then drop their eyes down for 3 seconds, before letting their eyes meet again. But if one man gives another man a 3-second-plus stare, he ___4___, "I know you", "I am interested in you," or "You look peculiar and I am curious about you." This type of stare often produces hostile feelings. · 解题思路三：非谓语动词的确定 非谓语动词的确定：动名词作主语、动词宾语和介词宾语、表语、定语。分词作表语、宾补、定语、状语。 有不定式标志to，空格处应填入动词原形；另一种情况to是介词，后面应填入动名词。例： 例1. A. volunteer B. targeted C. emerged D. regularly E. representing F. concern G. normally H. individual I. common J. nursing K. poverty Young Americans play a vital role as volunteers in the programs of Youth Service American (YSA). Founded in 1986, this organization works to build healthy communities and foster citizens through volunteerism, ___5___ more than 15 million young Americans. Each year, YSA observe National Youth Service Day, when young people kick off a year long commitment to volunteer serve and meet new friends engaged in a common cause. 例2. A. unmanned B. possible C. usually D. circles E. dropping F. blowing G. continent H. common I. specifically J. aimed K. covers Last month, American scientists began work on a project ___6___ at improving the ability to predict tornadoes. The project is said to be the largest tornado study in history. It is called VORTEX2. · 解题思路四：形容词的确定 形容词的确定：形容词作定语修饰名词。单个形容词作前置定语；形容词短语作后置定语。 例. A. appliance B. separate C. professional D. potentially E. techniques F. apply G. absolutely H. unplug I. contact J. external K. unconscious It is necessary to maintain the victim’s body heat, so make sure you cover him or her with a blanket before you do anything else. If the victim is not breathing, apply mouth-to-mouth way. Keep the victim’s head low until ___10___ help arrives. · 解题思路五：副词的确定 副词的确定：句子完整，副词可修饰动词、形容词、副词、整个句子、介词短语、不定式、过去分词等； 例. A. complexity B. images C. elementary D. signals E. willingly F. independently G. mental H. experiment I. leaps J. monster K. practical During the early stages of childhood, from infancy to about five, the child learns simple skills including using the toilet, bathing and dressing himself ___7___. · 解题思路六：根据上下文逻辑关系判断 常见的逻辑关系有：并列关系、递进关系、因果关系、转折关系、让步关系、.列举 (顺序) 关系等，根据前后句及上下文的逻辑关系，结合语义来判断所选词汇。 例1. A. fast B. stuntmen C. training D. catching E. fall F. seriously G. really H. profession I. fight J. living K. perform But although their work depends on trick of this sort, it also requires a high degree of skill and __1__. Often a stuntman' s success depends on careful timing. For example, when he is "blown up" in a battle scene, he has to jump out of the way of the explosion just at the right moment. Naturally stuntmen are well paid for their work, but they lead dangerous lives. They often get ___2___ injured, and sometimes killed. A Norwegian stuntman, for example, skied over the edge of a cliff a thousand feet high. His parachute (降落伞) failed to open, and he was killed. 例2. A. economy B. dated C. relationship D. event E. achievement F. applied G. global H. regularly I. financial J. promote K. located Exhibitions are not a recent invention. They dated back to the times when large-scale markets were regularly held in cities which attracted visitors and brought prosperity because they were ___3___ at major trade route intersections. · 解题思路七：熟词生义/一词多义 A. competitors B. philosophy C. properly D. maximize E. enthusiastic F. candidate G. mirrors H. background I. extremely J. conducted K. cultural You need to communicate in a way that 38 their company standards; this will show that you can fit in that organization.（2017上海春考模拟卷） A.address B.fascination C.governed D.imposing E.offensive F.originally G.overlooking H.rebellion I.reminder J.randomly K.swept Castles also served as symbols of power. Built on prominent sites (39)__________ the surrounding areas, castles constantly loomed in the background of many peasants' lives and served as a daily (40)_____reminder_____ of the lord's strength.(2018年春季高考) · 解题思路八：一词多性 A. repetitive B. continually C. alerts D. pattern E. locate F. mental G. challenge H. network I. evolving J. reversely K. literacy For example, Ashoka fellow Andrés Gallardo is a Mexican who lived in a high crime neighborhood. He created an app, called Haus, that allows people to ___34___ with their neighbors. The app has a panic button that __alerts__ everybody in the neighborhood when a crime is happening. It allows neighbors to organize, chat, share crime statistics and work together. （2019年春季高考） These demands must also be balanced with the need to create interiors (内饰) that in some way enhance, establish or promote a company’s image and will enable employees to 49 at their best. A. access B.alternatives C.designed D. confirmed E. conflicting F. elements G. function H.innovative I.prospective J. separate K. supporting · 解题思路九：固定搭配 1).He believes design must take into the sensory side of our nature—sight, smell, touch and taste. （account）（2016上海高考） 2). Since you really____ yourself to a healthier lifestyle, a little help would come in handy, wouldn't it? (commit) (2014上海高考) 3).The British and Swedish governments have introduced a so-called "traffic light system" to ____foods as healthy or unhealthy. (classify) （2014上海高考） · 解题思路十：根据构词法知识（派生/转化/合成/缀合） A. administered B. assess C. evaluating D. externally E. improperly F. life-threatening G. measures H. original I. preexisting J. principles K. vital Next, __（assess）____ the scene, asking other people or the injured person’s family or friends about details of the injury or illness, any care that may have already been given, and __ preexisting___ conditions such as heart trouble. Unless the accident scene becomes unsafe or the victim may suffer further injury, do not move the victim. First aid requires rapid assessment of victims to determine whether life-threatening conditions exist. 附：常用构词法知识： （1）、名词后缀 1）-ster，-eer，-er（or）意为：从事某种职业或参与某种活动的人。 例词：gamester，gangster，engineer，profiteer，mountaineer，driver，teacher，director，actor，professor 2）-let意为：小或者不重要的东西。例词：booklet，leaflet，starlet 3）-ism意为：道义，主义，学说等。例词：idealism， impressionism，racism 4）-ess意为：女性。例词：actress，poetess，hostess 5）-hood意为：时期。例词：boyhood，childhood，manhood 6）-ship意为：才能，状态，资格，品质等。例词：leadership，friendship，membership，sportsmanship 7）-ful意为：量。例词：cupful，handful， mouthful，spoonful 8）-tion，-ion意为：①状态，行动等。例词：action，oppression，possession，education，starvation ②机构等。例词： organization，foundation 9）-ment意为：状态，行动等。例词：movement，enslavement，pavement 10）-al意为：动作。例词：arrival，refusal，revival，recital，removal 11）-age意为：程度，数量等。例词：coverage，shrinkage，breakage，hostage 12）-ness；-ity（ty）意为：状态，品质。例词：happiness，usefulness，selfishness，activity，sanity，changeability （2）、动词后缀 1）-ify意为：转为，变为。例词：beautify, simplify, classify 2）-ize；-en意为：使……，变得……。例词：modernize，popularize，symbolize，ripen，widen，threaten 3）-ate意为：增加，使……。例词：originate，initiate （3）、形容词后缀 1）-ful意为：充满，有。例词：useful，pitiful， hopeful，helpful，forgetful，thankful， fearful 2）-less意为：没有，无。例词：speechless，childless，harmless，hopeless，meaningless 3）-ly意为：有……品质的。例词：beastly，manly， brotherly，friendly 4）-like意为：像……的。例词： childlike，tigerlike 5）-y；-ish意为：像……一般的。例词：sandy， silky，hairy，leafy，watery，foolish，girlish，blackish 6）-some意为：像……一样的；引起……的；有……品质的。例词：troublesome，tiresome，bothersome 7）-able（ible）意为：能……的；可以……的。例词： changeable，readable，drinkable，comfortable，expansible 8）-ed意为：有……的。例词：wooded，pointed，odd-shaped 9）-al意为：有……属性的，……类型的。例词：cultural，personal，regional，musical 10）-ary（ory）意为：属于……的，与……相连的。例词：revolutionary，imaginary 11）-ous意为：富含……的；有……品质的；像……的。例词：glorious，gracious 12）-ic（ical）意为：……类的；属于……的。例词： historic，historical，dramatic，heroic 13）-ive意为：有……属性的；有某种倾向的。例词： talkative，restrictive，defensive，constructive，sensitive （4）、副词后缀 1）-ly意为：以……方式。例词：happily，attentively，strangely 2）-ward（s）意为：表示方式或动作的方向。例词：backward（s），homeward（s），eastward（s） 3）-wise意为：①按照……方式。例词：crabwise，clockwise ②就……而言。例词：weatherwise ，educationwise 课堂精练 演练 上海市实验学校2024学年度第一学期高三英语10月月考 A. accountable B. target C. channeling D. tied E. coexist F. flow G. ultimately H. fueling I. formed J. doomed K. navigating Anger is a complicated emotion. Relying on practical wisdom in Aristotle’s case-by-case approach makes a lot of sense for ____11____ interpersonal conflicts. But what about when there’s no one to blame for your anger? Imagine a tornado completely destroys your house while your neighbor’s home is untouched. No amount of anger can undo the disaster, and there isn’t really a suitable ____12____ for your frustration. Yet for the ancient Stoics, the tornado and the noisy neighbor are basically identical. The Stoics believed life is like an uncontrollable cart we’re all ____13____ to, and we can either learn to go with the ____14____ or hurt ourselves fighting its momentum. In their logic, we all live at the whims of fate, and our actions can never actually change things — whether it’s a natural disaster or how others act towards us. So Stoics believe anger is always wrong, since it causes pain and is ____15____ fruitless. The 8th century Indian Buddhist philosopher Santideva also questioned our free will and the value of anger, arguing that because people often lack rational control over their emotions, we should endeavor not to let their anger and cruelty spread to us. But even if it’s hard for us to control our anger, there might be something we can learn from it. Philosopher PF Strawson’s theory of reactive attitudes suggests that experiencing anger is a natural part of human psychology that helps us communicate blame and hold each other ____16____. In this model, anger can be an important part of letting us know when something immoral is happening, so removing it would impair our social lives and moral communities. But finding the right response to those psychological alarm bells can be tricky. For instance, if you were supervising cruel, disrespectful young children, it might be natural to feel anger, but it would be wrong to treat their moral mistakes like those of fully ____17____ adults. So when should you act on anger? And can it ever help change things for the better? Let’s imagine your community is experiencing serious health issues because a nearby factory is illegally polluting the water supply. A long tradition in political philosophy argues that the righteous anger often invoked by witnessing this kind of injustice can be invaluable for ____18____ change and motivating community action. In unjust situations like this, it could be a moral mistake to suppress your anger, instead of ____19____ it into positive action. But other philosophers argue that anger has an inherent negative element that limits its transformative power. They cautioned that we should carefully adjust our emotional responses to ensure that we see others not as enemies but as community members with whom we must learn to ____20____, regardless of our ever-changing emotions. 课后反馈 演练 （2024年宝山区二模） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. process B. impacting C. appearance D. linked E. assessment F. costly G. crucial H. highly I. legal J. pause K. marketed Tobacco use and its negative impacts on health have been well-documented for decades. Traditional tobacco products, such as cigarettes, have been ___31___ to a wide range of health problems, including cancer, heart disease, respiratory (呼吸的) disorders and others. According to a survey, 78.3 percent of smokers start smoking before age 20. Taiwan Province of China has raised the ___32___ smoking age to 20 or above. By instituting this change, they hope to reduce the number of young people taking up the habit. Despite being ___33___ as a safe alternative to traditional cigarettes, heated tobacco products (HTPs) are still considered tobacco. As such, they pose significant dangers to human health. The heating ___34___ used in these products releases harmful chemicals and poisons, including tar (焦油), carbon monoxide and nicotine, a(n) ___35___ addictive substance. HTPs are packaged to appeal to young people who perceive them as safer than smoking. To prevent young people from experimenting with HTPs and ___36___ their health, Taiwan Province strictly controls every kind of tobacco product by adding a health risk ___37___ review mechanism. Only products that pass the review process are allowed to be manufactured, imported and sold to consumers. The innumerable downsides to smoking should give smokers ___38___ and encourage them to quit. Quitting tobacco improves your health and reduces your risk of various diseases, including cancer, heart disease, and breathing problems. Quitting smoking can also improve your ___39___. Tobacco use can cause wrinkles and yellow teeth. Quitting can lead to healthier skin, whiter teeth and fresher breath. Smoking can also dull your senses of taste and smell. By stopping tobacco use, your senses recover, leading to enhanced enjoyment of food and beverages. Unfortunately, quitting tobacco isn't easy. Most people will also encounter numerous challenges including nicotine withdrawal and symptoms such as eagerness, irritability (易怒) and difficulty concentrating. Supportive social environments, coping strategies and professional help are ___40___ for overcoming these things and living a smoke-free life. （2024年崇明区二模） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. activate B. amounted C. compared D. energetic E. guidelines F. identify G. image H. influenced I. respects J. review K. substantial Exercise Can Help Prevent Depression, Study Finds How often do you exercise? A new ___31___ from researchers at the University of Cambridge shows that those who exercise are less likely to develop depression, even if they exercise less than the recommended amount. The Department of Health and Human Services recommends that adults engage in 2.5 to 5 hours of moderate activity per week or one hour and 15 minutes to 2.5 hours of ___32___ aerobic (有氧的) exercise per week or some combination of the two. Adults who took a walk for what ___33___ to 2.5 hours per week were less likely to develop depression than those who didn’t exercise at all, the study found. But even those who exercised less felt better than those who didn’t exercise at all, according to researchers. “In this study, a relatively small amount of physical activity were associated with a(n) ___34___ decrease in risks of depression,” the study says. The researchers analyzed 15 studies with nearly 200,000 participants. Those who did about half the recommended amount of physical activity per week had an 18% lower risk of depression ___35___ with adults who did not exercise, the study says. Participants who exercised the recommended amount had a 25% lower risk of depression than those who did not. Exercising more than the recommended amount hardly ____36____ depression risk, according to researchers. Many ___37___ of exercise can lead to improved mental health. For example, working out can increase circulation (血液循环) to the brain and ___38___ the central nervous system, leading to what many refer to as a “runners high,” the study says. More exercise can also lead to improved physical health and a better body ___39___, which can cause a person to be more social, researchers say. Nearly 5% of adults in the U.S. report regular feelings of depression, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Among the study participants, researchers estimate that 1 in every 9 cases of depression might have been prevented had everyone met recommended exercise ____40____, the study says. （2024年奉贤区二模） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. flooded B. leaps C. increasingly D. combines E. reflects F. emphasizing G. pioneering H. crafted I. technical J. unexpectedly K. classic Chinese animations (动画) are booming The “Black Cat Delective”, released 40 years ago, was a childhood favorite for many Chinese. Since then, Chinese cartoons have come a long way. While “Black Cat Detective” was simply drawn, current cartoons feature ____11____ advances and fascinating plots. One example is “Boonie Bears: Time Twist”, a family-friendly adventure released in February, with smooth animation reminding us of Pixar, a ____12____ animation studio now owned by Disney. These recent ____13____ in quality have enabled Chinese cartoons to succeed at the domestic box office. “Ne Zha: Birth of the Demon Child” was the most well-received film in China in 2019,____14____ beating out “Avengers: Endgame ”, a superhero movie by Marvel Studios. In the 1960s, China’s animation industry saw a big downturn as American and Japanese films ____15____ into the Chinese market, dominating both domestic television and cinema screens. As a result, Chinese animators ____16____ began to work for western studios. However, things changed in 2015 with the release of “Monkey King: Hero is Back”, a breakthrough for Chinese animation. This film, based on the timeless ____17____ “Journey to the Wes/”, signaled a new era of creativity and success in the industry. The main character, the Monkey King, is depicted(刻画) as going through a mid-life crisis, which ____18____ the director’s view that cartoons are not just for children. Light Chaser Animation, a Beijing-based studio, has contributed to the popularity of cartoons in China. Its production “30,000 Miles from Chang’ an” ____19____ elements of Chinese culture, history, and legends with aesthetic(美学的) feeling of Tang dynasty poetry. Indeed, traditional themes are widespread among successful Chinese animations,____20____ the importance of traditional culture as a foundation for Chinese animation. Like other industries, cartoons in China are inspired by Western innovations but with added “Chinese characteristics”. 01: Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A． adjustments B．emit C． hit D．lanes E. players   F. preventing G. semi-autonomous H. shift I. supervising J . traditional   K. worn-out Baby Steps Toward Autonomy… Companies, like Google and Tesla, didn't even exist when Toyota introduced the Prius in1997. However, they have become major ___31___ in the auto industry recently. Both of them aim to introduce fully autonomous cars ---that is, cars that drive themselves---within the next several years. Self-driving cars are expected to be much safer than human-driven ones. But even if the first robot cars ___32___ the roads in the next few years, most of us probably won't give up driving entirely for at least another 15 or 20 years. In the meantime, ___33___ cars will gradually take over certain aspects of driving. Companies have been adding ___34___ features to cars since the 1990s---things like adaptive cruise control, which uses sensors to adjust a car's speed based on the traffic in front of it, and automated parallel parking. Some cars automatically stop—or at least slow down—if a driver doesn't step on the brake in time to avoid a crash. In a certain model developed in 2017, the driver will be able to change ___35___ simply by hitting the turn signal for two seconds (the car will take care of the rest). Within a few years, cars may be able to determine when an accident is likely and make ___36___to the cabin---moving seats, closing windows , retracting the steering wheel. Even better than preparing for a crash, of course, is ___37___one. Some vehicles ___38___ warnings when they detect, through cameras and sensors, that a driver is getting sleepy. Future cars might take over for ___39___ drivers---or automatically pull to the side of the road and shut down. Biometrics(生物识别技术）could aid this process. If a car has sensors that can measure a driver's breath and heart rate, it could ___40___ into self-driving mode when a driver has a heart attack. 02. Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A． spare   B．respectable  C． exhaust   D．accidental  E. designed   F. critics G. advocates   H. mine   I. commercially   J. relieving    K. theoretically Major companies are already in pursuit of commercial applications of the new biology. They dream of placing enzymes(酶)in the automobile to monitor ____31____ and send data on pollution to a microprocessor that will then adjust the engine. They speak of what The New York Times calls “Metal-hungry microbes(微生物)that might be used to ____32____ valuable trace metals from ocean water.” They have already demanded and won the right to patent new life forms. Nervous ____33____, including many scientists, worry that there is corporate, national, international, and inter-scientific competition in the entire biotechnological field. They create images not of oil spills, but of “microbe spills” that could spread disease and destroy entire populations. The creation and ____34____ release of extremely poisonous microbes, however, is only one cause for alarm. Completely rational and ____35____ scientists are talking about possibilities that stagger(动摇)the imagination. Should we breed people with cow-like stomachs so they can digest grass and hay, thereby ____36____ the food problem by modifying us to eat lower down on the food chain? Should we biologically alter workers to fit the job requirement, for example, creating pilots with faster reaction time or assembly-line workers ____37____ to do our monotonous work for us? Should we use genetic forecasting to pre-eliminate “unfit” babies? Should we grow reserve organs for ourselves, each of us having, as it were, a “savings bank” full of ____38____ kidneys, livers or hands? Wild as these notions may sound, everyone has its ____39____ (and opposers) in the scientific community as well as its striking commercial application. As two critics of genetic engineering, Jeremy Rifkin and Ted Howard, state in their book Who Should Play God? “Broad scale genetic engineering will probably be introduced to America much the same way as assembly lines, automobiles, vaccines, computers and all the other technologies. As each new genetic advance becomes ____40____ practical, a new consumer need will be exploited and a market for the new technology will be created.” （2023上海春考） A. digesting B.distinction C.examine D.identical E.intervening F.live G. mixture H.perspective I.shock J. space K. texting Communication-a Thing of the Past? We all think we communicate all the time, and that's true. There's also non-verbal communication you could add into the mix--everything we're saying when we're not saying anything. But there’s a (n) (31 ) _______between saying things to people, or liking and sharing a post on social media, and communication. I'm quite well connected-there's Twitter Facebook,Instagram, Snapchat, email, iEverything (!), but sometimes communication starts to feel like a chore. Check this blog post, read that article someone shared, (32) __________back to someone else, and answer their question.. . Sometimes I feel like a cross between Siri and a mad juggler. Nothing seems to go in and I'm always mixing people up--asking someone how their band is going when they can’t play an instrument or how the job search is going when someone’s just written to say how depressed they are that they can't find a job. So it was quite a ( n ) (33 )__________ to spend New Year in the Highlands in Scotland with no phone signal, no internet and no "Communication”at all, apart from with the people I was with. Suddenly all the pressure to communicate disappeared. All of our conversations became slower,more inverted and far more interesting. We were a group of 12,a ( n)(34)__________of couples and friends, only one of whom I was at university with, so I was meeting a bunch of new people for the first time. Our conversations veered towards the banal and the humdrum in that we often discussed our plans for the day and what we were going to cook in the evening, but often they went a lot farther and a lot deeper. Tucked up on the leather sofas, (35 )__________dinner, we dissected Brexit and one person even changed their (36 )__________entirely! We shared ideas and theories , plots of books and plays and city trips we'd been on, described family troubles and gave advice, listened to work scenarios and offered pointers, and we had to talk and sketch and use words more than ever before , because you couldn't say, "It's a great film, you should google it later. " Some of us even had sore throats from talking so much! In such a short ( 37 )__________of time, due to the proximity of sharing interconnected cottages and verbal communication, I felt much closer to the new people I'd met and been speaking with than some other people I communicate with in my normal life. I don't think our common, current methods of communication come close to being in a small house with lots of people and having to communicate (38 )__________. The brevity of Twitter, the showiness of Facebook, all these aspects contribute to a shallow form of communication that doesn't challenge you to ( 39 )__________your feelings and motives enough. "Liking” something is an instant response but what does it really say about your opinion of something? It's a (n) (40)__________response to millions of other people, whereas you and your thoughts are unique. If we're not careful , perhaps we might forget how to communicate on a deeper level. （2022上海春考） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. characteristics B. diverse C. employ D. function E issue F. Integration G. hit H. military I. potential J. schemes K. wearers Future Fashion: Biometric Bodysuits A team of the Applied Nano Bioscience Center at Arizona State University has built prototypes(原型)of biometric bodysuits.They can detect chemical attacks, deliver drugs to their(31)________, or even perfume scents if your body temperature rises too much. The(32)________ version of the Scentsory Chameleon Bodysuit incorporates fuel cells to provide a lightweight source of power for the soldier's equipment. The civilian one can monitor your heart or blood pressure, deliver interactive games or simply work as a wearable computer. You will even be able to download new colors and patterns from the Web to change your appearance according to this article from East Valley Tribune in Arizona. Both versions should(33) ______the market within a few years. Fredere Zenhausen, director of the Applied Nano Bioscience Center at ASU, has joined with Ghassan Jabbour, a professor at the University of Arizona, to develop two prototypes of "Biometric bodysuits" that contain embedded sensors, power sources, microfluidic devices and other gadgets not normally associated with the latest Paris fashions. Such "smart" clothing could (34) __________future soldiers early waning of chemical attacks or automatically deliver insulin to diabetics, Zenhausemn said "The biometric bodysuit shows how electronics and Fuidies (流体学)can be incorporated into clothing to perform a wide range of (35) ______ tasks, from highly functional to the aesthetic " he said. The civilian Chameleon will have somewhat different(36)____________. Its biometric outfit demonstrates how miniature electronics could be embedded in clothing to promote health is made of clear vinyl(乙烯基) and white plastics to show the placement of various electronic and fuidic devices. In the future such an outfit could diagnose diseases and deliver medications to the wearer, monitor heart rate or blood pressure, deliver interactive games and other forms of entertainment or(37) ___________as a wearable computer. Another possibility would be to download different designs from the Internet so the fabric could change colors ind patterns , Zenhausern suid. And if could all be made to look stylish by the (38)________of electronics and high-fashion designs , he said. In fact, the concept of embedding microelectronics in fabrics has ( 39 ) _____________ far beyond clothing. Sheila Kennedy , an Boston-based architect and visiting professor at the Harvard Universally Graduate School of Design , sees possibilities to (40 )__________the technology in building design. As an example , she said window shades containing organic light emitting diodes (二极管 ) could produce electricity from sunlight that would help generate power. （2021上海春考） A.applauding B. entry-level C. struck D. fascination E. back-seal F. stuck G. stand H. promoter I. hook J. dominant K. empowered The nature is part of us. Therefore , it holds a mysterious ( 31 )__________for me. In my memory , the valley was quiet and calm, only to see the wheat all over the mountains waving together in rhythm when the wind blew through, like a ballet troupe. The sun rose every morning as usual, sweeping across the valley and ultimately falling behind the peaks. The snow that falls in winter always melts in spring, bringing new hope to this nature where everything was pleasant and beautiful. Led by fate , I have became an environmentalist and had the honor of being invited to address students about my green lifestyle for a long time. The students were surprised at my lifestyle and maybe they thought my lifestyle was no longer suitable for modern life.Fortunately , they were still listened to whole lecture , saluting or ( 32 )_________ me-----to some extent the applause implied their encouragement to me. s I began to interact with them under the stage, I was (33 )__________by kids' lack of knowledge of nature so that they had little knowledge of protecting environment. After the address, I put up a stand in the ( 34 )__________offering green food , hoping them interested in it to get the ( 35 )____________experiencing a first-hand feeling of the green lifestyle no one shows any interest in. So I decided to team up with the concert (36)__________to run a campaign: “anyone who can answer a( n) (37)__________ environmental question is qualified to attend the concert. Soon the music can (38 )___________them coming here”. Since then , I have been considering why kids today do not have the same deep appreciation for nature that I do. One of the significant factors may be that the former rural civilization has been replaced by the urban civilization. In the past, the poor played the ( 39 )_________role in the nature , so they cleared the wasteland, planted crops and reproduced civilization. With the massive invasion of industrialization and urbanization, people were forced to move away from nature. The struggle between tradition and modernity , the confrontation between humans and nature has led people to believe that they are the masters of the universe. Is this really the case? It is time to think about who ( 40 )_________ us to destroy nature. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！第 1 页 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第04讲： 选词填空十一选十之考点透视 知识梳理 演练 【考情链接】 词汇填空题语篇约350词。文章首句不设空；一般每隔15-30个词会有一个空；空与空之间有完整意群；方框中词汇难度中高级，以实词为主，即名词、动词、形容词、副词；语法方面考察词性之间关系和句子结构分析能力；逻辑方面考察上下文联系。特别提示：近几年高考词汇题常出现构词法知识、一词多性、一词多义及熟词生义现象。 【要点梳理】 词性考察 考点分析 做题技巧 名词 1、主要考察名词作主语和宾语 2、注意名词也可作前置定语 1、先判断方框单词的词性词义，注意一词多性和一词多义。 2、精读第一句，掌握文章主题。 3、根据语法知识确定被填入空格词的词性，缩小范围。 4、根据文章理解确定答案。 5、仔细检查，最终敲定答案。 动词 do/does形式： 1、句子缺少一个谓语动词，可根据“谓语动词数=连词数+1”规则判断 2、注意三单和动词及物不及物 doing形式： 1、可能是动名词、现在分词和进行时态 2、动名词主要考察作主语、宾语 3、现在分词主要考察作表语、定语、状语、宾补，注意分词短语作后置定语情况 done形式： 1、可能是谓语动词过去式、被动语态及过去分词 2、若空格前有be动词，要根据句意判断是被动还是表状态的过去分词 3、过去分词主要考察作表语、定语、状语、宾补，注意分词短语作后置定语情况，注意单个过去分词作后置定语的情况，如：left，saved，remained，gained等 形容词 单个形容词作前置定语，形容词短语作后置定语 副词 句子结构完整时用副词，位置可放句首，句中，句末 · 解题思路一：名词的确定 动词的确定：名词在句子中做主语；形容词或名词都可以修饰名词；名词做动词宾语或介词宾语。 限定词 (the, this, that, a, my, their之类) 后必有名词。 例. A. hands B. qualities C. down D. curiosity E. pretty F. looks G. ashamed H. applied I. ruined J. information K. prospects Finally, ___8___ pushed me to ask the interviewers after we became colleagues. The answer was that I appeared confident but humble, responsible and communicative. They evaluated people not just on their academic certificates, but on the base of their ___9___ and abilities. I happened to be the right person. 【Keys】 DB。空格8处缺主语，结合句意curiosity合适。空格9处前面为形容词性物主代词their，可知需填入名词，结合并列连词and，可知qualities合适。 · 解题思路二：动词的确定 动词的确定：动词最容易确定，因为一个句子没有动词就等于没有谓语，是很明显的缺陷。而且动词的关联性、可比性最差，选这个和选那个有天壤之别。 例1： A. understand B. environmentally C. gamble D. involve E. necessary F. potential G. shortcuts H. specific I. structurally J. surprises K. inspect A home inspection will ___1___ hiring a company to send a home inspector out to go through your potential home with you and thoroughly inspect everything to make sure there are no major problems that might not be obvious to the average home owner. 【Keys】D。空格前面为助动词，可判断空格处词性，需填入谓语动词，且为动词原形，空格后面为动名词形式，综合比较可知involve合适。 例2. A. extremely B. aggressive C. curious D. threat E. communicates F. situation G. typically H. different I. contact J. signals K. gaze If you hold eye contact for more than 3 seconds, what are you telling another person? Much depends on the person and the situation. For instance, a man and a woman communicate interest in this manner. They typically ___3___ at each other for about 3 seconds at a time, then drop their eyes down for 3 seconds, before letting their eyes meet again. But if one man gives another man a 3-second-plus stare, he ___4___, "I know you", "I am interested in you," or "You look peculiar and I am curious about you." This type of stare often produces hostile feelings. 【Keys】KJ。空格3主语为they，根据后文时态可知应为一般现在时，所以空格处需填入动词原形，空格后方有介词at，与gaze搭配及语义均合适。空格4主语为he，时态为一般现在时，可知空格处需填入动词的三人称单数形式，帮填入signals。 · 解题思路三：非谓语动词的确定 非谓语动词的确定：动名词作主语、动词宾语和介词宾语、表语、定语。分词作表语、宾补、定语、状语。 有不定式标志to，空格处应填入动词原形；另一种情况to是介词，后面应填入动名词。例： 例1. A. volunteer B. targeted C. emerged D. regularly E. representing F. concern G. normally H. individual I. common J. nursing K. poverty Young Americans play a vital role as volunteers in the programs of Youth Service American (YSA). Founded in 1986, this organization works to build healthy communities and foster citizens through volunteerism, ___5___ more than 15 million young Americans. Each year, YSA observe National Youth Service Day, when young people kick off a year long commitment to volunteer serve and meet new friends engaged in a common cause. 【Keys】E。空格前面的句子成分完整，谓语动词为works，空格后面有名词作宾语，因此可判断空格处需填入非谓语动词，结合主语organization与动词的搭配关系及句意，可知E合适。 例2. A. unmanned B. possible C. usually D. circles E. dropping F. blowing G. continent H. common I. specifically J. aimed K. covers Last month, American scientists began work on a project ___6___ at improving the ability to predict tornadoes. The project is said to be the largest tornado study in history. It is called VORTEX2. 【Keys】 J。空格前面句子成分完整，谓语动词为began，空格后面有成分，需填入非谓语动词。结合上下文语义与搭配，可知J合适。 · 解题思路四：形容词的确定 形容词的确定：形容词作定语修饰名词。单个形容词作前置定语；形容词短语作后置定语。 例. A. appliance B. separate C. professional D. potentially E. techniques F. apply G. absolutely H. unplug I. contact J. external K. unconscious It is necessary to maintain the victim’s body heat, so make sure you cover him or her with a blanket before you do anything else. If the victim is not breathing, apply mouth-to-mouth way. Keep the victim’s head low until ___10___ help arrives. 【Keys】 C。空格前面有连词until，空格后面谓语动词为arrives，主语为名词help，因此可判断空格处需填入形式词或名词作定语。结合句意，C合适。 · 解题思路五：副词的确定 副词的确定：句子完整，副词可修饰动词、形容词、副词、整个句子、介词短语、不定式、过去分词等； 例. A. complexity B. images C. elementary D. signals E. willingly F. independently G. mental H. experiment I. leaps J. monster K. practical During the early stages of childhood, from infancy to about five, the child learns simple skills including using the toilet, bathing and dressing himself ___7___. 【Keys】F 解析：空格处需要填写副词修饰动词dress。 · 解题思路六：根据上下文逻辑关系判断 常见的逻辑关系有：并列关系、递进关系、因果关系、转折关系、让步关系、.列举 (顺序) 关系等，根据前后句及上下文的逻辑关系，结合语义来判断所选词汇。 例1. A. fast B. stuntmen C. training D. catching E. fall F. seriously G. really H. profession I. fight J. living K. perform But although their work depends on trick of this sort, it also requires a high degree of skill and __1__. Often a stuntman' s success depends on careful timing. For example, when he is "blown up" in a battle scene, he has to jump out of the way of the explosion just at the right moment. Naturally stuntmen are well paid for their work, but they lead dangerous lives. They often get ___2___ injured, and sometimes killed. A Norwegian stuntman, for example, skied over the edge of a cliff a thousand feet high. His parachute (降落伞) failed to open, and he was killed. 【Keys】 CF。 1.空格1前面有并列连词and，可知所填入的词与skill接近，根据句意，可知training合适。 2.空格2后面有并列连词and，可知injured的程度与killed接近，故填入seriously。 例2. A. economy B. dated C. relationship D. event E. achievement F. applied G. global H. regularly I. financial J. promote K. located Exhibitions are not a recent invention. They dated back to the times when large-scale markets were regularly held in cities which attracted visitors and brought prosperity because they were ___3___ at major trade route intersections. 【Keys】K。根据空格前面的because，可知上下句构成因果关系，吸引游客的原因是地理位置好，故填located。 · 解题思路七：熟词生义/一词多义 A. competitors B. philosophy C. properly D. maximize E. enthusiastic F. candidate G. mirrors H. background I. extremely J. conducted K. cultural You need to communicate in a way that 38 their company standards; this will show that you can fit in that organization.（2017上海春考模拟卷） 【答案】 38. G [解析] 句意：你需要以一种反映他们公司标准的方式进行沟通；这将表明你能够融入那个组织。此处mirror用作动词，“照射”，“反映”。熟词生义。 A.address B.fascination C.governed D.imposing E.offensive F.originally G.overlooking H.rebellion I.reminder J.randomly K.swept Castles also served as symbols of power. Built on prominent sites (39)__________ the surrounding areas, castles constantly loomed in the background of many peasants' lives and served as a daily (40)_____reminder_____ of the lord's strength.(2018年春季高考) 【答案】39. G本题考查动词。根据划线部分前后,此处填非谓语动词作sites的定语，同时又和the surrounding areas 构成动宾结构，所以填现在分词overlooking （俯视），这个词也常考忽视的含义。句意：（城堡）建在可以俯瞰周围地区的显著位置。 · 解题思路八：一词多性 A. repetitive B. continually C. alerts D. pattern E. locate F. mental G. challenge H. network I. evolving J. reversely K. literacy For example, Ashoka fellow Andrés Gallardo is a Mexican who lived in a high crime neighborhood. He created an app, called Haus, that allows people to ___34___ with their neighbors. The app has a panic button that __alerts__ everybody in the neighborhood when a crime is happening. It allows neighbors to organize, chat, share crime statistics and work together. （2019年春季高考） 【答案】34.H。根据上下文理解，可知此处所提及的app可将邻里之间形成网络，network n.网络 v.形成网络（联系），故选H。 These demands must also be balanced with the need to create interiors (内饰) that in some way enhance, establish or promote a company’s image and will enable employees to 49 at their best. A. access B.alternatives C.designed D. confirmed E. conflicting F. elements G. function H.innovative I.prospective J. separate K. supporting 【答案】G 【解析】本句意为“这种要求要注意均衡内饰的需要和使得员工起到最好的作用，内饰在一定程度上，可以加强，建立或促进公司的形象。”结合搭配enable sb to do sth可以知道空格填动词形式，而且是原形。需注意function可以做名词（“功能”），也可做不及物动词动词用（“起作用”）。 · 解题思路九：固定搭配 1).He believes design must take into the sensory side of our nature—sight, smell, touch and taste. （account）（2016上海高考） 2). Since you really____ yourself to a healthier lifestyle, a little help would come in handy, wouldn't it? (commit) (2014上海高考) 3).The British and Swedish governments have introduced a so-called "traffic light system" to ____foods as healthy or unhealthy. (classify) （2014上海高考） 【解析】以上均考察词汇固定搭配。take into account 意思为“把……考虑在内”。commit oneself to “使自己致力于做”；“使自己承担于……”。classify....as “将……分类或划分”。 · 解题思路十：根据构词法知识（派生/转化/合成/缀合） A. administered B. assess C. evaluating D. externally E. improperly F. life-threatening G. measures H. original I. preexisting J. principles K. vital Next, __（assess）____ the scene, asking other people or the injured person’s family or friends about details of the injury or illness, any care that may have already been given, and __ preexisting___ conditions such as heart trouble. Unless the accident scene becomes unsafe or the victim may suffer further injury, do not move the victim. First aid requires rapid assessment of victims to determine whether life-threatening conditions exist. 【解析】以上2空考查了构词法知识，分别是构词法中前缀与合成。preexisting 意思为“以前存在的”；life-threatening意思为 “威胁生命的”。 附：常用构词法知识： （1）、名词后缀 1）-ster，-eer，-er（or）意为：从事某种职业或参与某种活动的人。 例词：gamester，gangster，engineer，profiteer，mountaineer，driver，teacher，director，actor，professor 2）-let意为：小或者不重要的东西。例词：booklet，leaflet，starlet 3）-ism意为：道义，主义，学说等。例词：idealism， impressionism，racism 4）-ess意为：女性。例词：actress，poetess，hostess 5）-hood意为：时期。例词：boyhood，childhood，manhood 6）-ship意为：才能，状态，资格，品质等。例词：leadership，friendship，membership，sportsmanship 7）-ful意为：量。例词：cupful，handful， mouthful，spoonful 8）-tion，-ion意为：①状态，行动等。例词：action，oppression，possession，education，starvation ②机构等。例词： organization，foundation 9）-ment意为：状态，行动等。例词：movement，enslavement，pavement 10）-al意为：动作。例词：arrival，refusal，revival，recital，removal 11）-age意为：程度，数量等。例词：coverage，shrinkage，breakage，hostage 12）-ness；-ity（ty）意为：状态，品质。例词：happiness，usefulness，selfishness，activity，sanity，changeability （2）、动词后缀 1）-ify意为：转为，变为。例词：beautify, simplify, classify 2）-ize；-en意为：使……，变得……。例词：modernize，popularize，symbolize，ripen，widen，threaten 3）-ate意为：增加，使……。例词：originate，initiate （3）、形容词后缀 1）-ful意为：充满，有。例词：useful，pitiful， hopeful，helpful，forgetful，thankful， fearful 2）-less意为：没有，无。例词：speechless，childless，harmless，hopeless，meaningless 3）-ly意为：有……品质的。例词：beastly，manly， brotherly，friendly 4）-like意为：像……的。例词： childlike，tigerlike 5）-y；-ish意为：像……一般的。例词：sandy， silky，hairy，leafy，watery，foolish，girlish，blackish 6）-some意为：像……一样的；引起……的；有……品质的。例词：troublesome，tiresome，bothersome 7）-able（ible）意为：能……的；可以……的。例词： changeable，readable，drinkable，comfortable，expansible 8）-ed意为：有……的。例词：wooded，pointed，odd-shaped 9）-al意为：有……属性的，……类型的。例词：cultural，personal，regional，musical 10）-ary（ory）意为：属于……的，与……相连的。例词：revolutionary，imaginary 11）-ous意为：富含……的；有……品质的；像……的。例词：glorious，gracious 12）-ic（ical）意为：……类的；属于……的。例词： historic，historical，dramatic，heroic 13）-ive意为：有……属性的；有某种倾向的。例词： talkative，restrictive，defensive，constructive，sensitive （4）、副词后缀 1）-ly意为：以……方式。例词：happily，attentively，strangely 2）-ward（s）意为：表示方式或动作的方向。例词：backward（s），homeward（s），eastward（s） 3）-wise意为：①按照……方式。例词：crabwise，clockwise ②就……而言。例词：weatherwise ，educationwise 课堂精练 演练 上海市实验学校2024学年度第一学期高三英语10月月考 A. accountable B. target C. channeling D. tied E. coexist F. flow G. ultimately H. fueling I. formed J. doomed K. navigating Anger is a complicated emotion. Relying on practical wisdom in Aristotle’s case-by-case approach makes a lot of sense for ____11____ interpersonal conflicts. But what about when there’s no one to blame for your anger? Imagine a tornado completely destroys your house while your neighbor’s home is untouched. No amount of anger can undo the disaster, and there isn’t really a suitable ____12____ for your frustration. Yet for the ancient Stoics, the tornado and the noisy neighbor are basically identical. The Stoics believed life is like an uncontrollable cart we’re all ____13____ to, and we can either learn to go with the ____14____ or hurt ourselves fighting its momentum. In their logic, we all live at the whims of fate, and our actions can never actually change things — whether it’s a natural disaster or how others act towards us. So Stoics believe anger is always wrong, since it causes pain and is ____15____ fruitless. The 8th century Indian Buddhist philosopher Santideva also questioned our free will and the value of anger, arguing that because people often lack rational control over their emotions, we should endeavor not to let their anger and cruelty spread to us. But even if it’s hard for us to control our anger, there might be something we can learn from it. Philosopher PF Strawson’s theory of reactive attitudes suggests that experiencing anger is a natural part of human psychology that helps us communicate blame and hold each other ____16____. In this model, anger can be an important part of letting us know when something immoral is happening, so removing it would impair our social lives and moral communities. But finding the right response to those psychological alarm bells can be tricky. For instance, if you were supervising cruel, disrespectful young children, it might be natural to feel anger, but it would be wrong to treat their moral mistakes like those of fully ____17____ adults. So when should you act on anger? And can it ever help change things for the better? Let’s imagine your community is experiencing serious health issues because a nearby factory is illegally polluting the water supply. A long tradition in political philosophy argues that the righteous anger often invoked by witnessing this kind of injustice can be invaluable for ____18____ change and motivating community action. In unjust situations like this, it could be a moral mistake to suppress your anger, instead of ____19____ it into positive action. But other philosophers argue that anger has an inherent negative element that limits its transformative power. They cautioned that we should carefully adjust our emotional responses to ensure that we see others not as enemies but as community members with whom we must learn to ____20____, regardless of our ever-changing emotions. 【答案】11. K 12. B 13. D 14. F 15. G 16. A 17. I 18. H 19. C 20. E 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章论述了愤怒作为一种复杂的情感，不同哲学流派对其有不同的看法，从斯多葛派的无用论到现代哲学家将其视为道德和社会交流的重要工具。 【11题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在处理人际关系冲突时，依靠亚里士多德的个案分析方法是有道理的。根据句意及空前“for”可知，空处应表达“处理”，navigating意为“(有效地)处理”，符合句意，作介词for的宾语应用动名词形式。故选K。 【12题详解】 考查名词。句意：无论多么愤怒，都无法消除这场灾难，你的沮丧也没有一个合适的发泄对象。根据句意及空前“a suitable”和空后的“for your frustration”可知，空处应用名词表达“对象，目标”，target意为“对象”，符合句意。故选B。 【13题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：斯多葛学派认为，生活就像一辆失控的马车，我们都被绑在上面，我们可以选择顺其自然，或者与之抗争而伤害自己。根据句意及空前“an uncontrollable cart we’re all”和空后的“to”可知，空处应表达“被绑在上面”，tied意为“绑”，动词过去分词来构成被动语态表示被动关系，be tied to“被绑在上面”，符合句意。故选D。 【14题详解】 考查名词。句意：斯多葛学派认为，生活就像一辆失控的马车，我们都被绑在上面，我们可以选择顺其自然，或者与之抗争而伤害自己。根据句意及空前“go with the”可知，此处需要一个名词来表示顺应的状态。flow意为“流动”，比喻顺应生活的自然进程，符合句意。故选F。 【15题详解】 考查副词。句意：所以，斯多葛学派认为愤怒总是错误的，因为它会带来痛苦，最终也是徒劳的。根据句意及空后的“fruitless”可知，空处应用副词表达“最终”来修饰“fruitless”，ultimately意为“最终”，符合句意，作状语。故选G。 【16题详解】 考查形容词。句意：哲学家PF Strawson的反应态度理论认为，体验愤怒是人类心理的自然组成部分，有助于我们传达责备和相互追究责任。根据句意及空前“hold each other”可知，空处应用形容词来表示“负有责任的”，accountable意为“负责的”，符合句意。故选A。 【17题详解】 考查形容词。句意：例如，如果你正在监督一些残忍、无礼的孩子，感到愤怒可能是自然的，但把他们的道德错误当作完全成熟的成年人的错误来对待是错误的。根据句意及空前“those of fully”和空后的“adults”可知，空处应用形容词表达“成熟的”，formed意为“成形的，成熟的”，符合句意，作定语，修饰adults。故选I。 【18题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：政治哲学的一个悠久传统认为，目睹这种不公正现象所引发的正义愤怒对于激发变革和激励社区行动是无价的。根据句意及空前“be invaluable for”和空后的“change and motivating community action”可知，空处应用动名词形式表达“激发”，fueling意为“激发，推动”，符合句意，与空后的motivating并列，指激发变革和激励社区行动。故选H。 【19题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在这种不公正的情况下，压抑愤怒而不是将其转化为积极的行动可能是一种道德错误。根据句意及空前“instead of”和空后的“it into positive action”可知，空处应用动名词形式表达“转化为”，channeling意为“引导，把……用于”，符合句意，指把愤怒引导转化为积极的行动。故选C。 【20题详解】 考查动词。句意：他们警告说，我们应该仔细调整我们的情绪反应，以确保我们不把他人视为敌人，而是视为我们必须学会与之共存的社区成员，无论我们的情绪如何变化。根据句意及空前“we see others not as enemies but as community members”和“we must learn to”可知，空处应用动词原形表达“共存”，coexist意为“共存”，符合句意，与空前的learn to构成不定式短语，指学会与他人共存。故选E。 课后反馈 演练 （2024年宝山区二模） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. process B. impacting C. appearance D. linked E. assessment F. costly G. crucial H. highly I. legal J. pause K. marketed Tobacco use and its negative impacts on health have been well-documented for decades. Traditional tobacco products, such as cigarettes, have been ___31___ to a wide range of health problems, including cancer, heart disease, respiratory (呼吸的) disorders and others. According to a survey, 78.3 percent of smokers start smoking before age 20. Taiwan Province of China has raised the ___32___ smoking age to 20 or above. By instituting this change, they hope to reduce the number of young people taking up the habit. Despite being ___33___ as a safe alternative to traditional cigarettes, heated tobacco products (HTPs) are still considered tobacco. As such, they pose significant dangers to human health. The heating ___34___ used in these products releases harmful chemicals and poisons, including tar (焦油), carbon monoxide and nicotine, a(n) ___35___ addictive substance. HTPs are packaged to appeal to young people who perceive them as safer than smoking. To prevent young people from experimenting with HTPs and ___36___ their health, Taiwan Province strictly controls every kind of tobacco product by adding a health risk ___37___ review mechanism. Only products that pass the review process are allowed to be manufactured, imported and sold to consumers. The innumerable downsides to smoking should give smokers ___38___ and encourage them to quit. Quitting tobacco improves your health and reduces your risk of various diseases, including cancer, heart disease, and breathing problems. Quitting smoking can also improve your ___39___. Tobacco use can cause wrinkles and yellow teeth. Quitting can lead to healthier skin, whiter teeth and fresher breath. Smoking can also dull your senses of taste and smell. By stopping tobacco use, your senses recover, leading to enhanced enjoyment of food and beverages. Unfortunately, quitting tobacco isn't easy. Most people will also encounter numerous challenges including nicotine withdrawal and symptoms such as eagerness, irritability (易怒) and difficulty concentrating. Supportive social environments, coping strategies and professional help are ___40___ for overcoming these things and living a smoke-free life. 【答案】31. D 32. I 33. K 34. A 35. H 36. B 37. E 38. J 39. C 40. G 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了几十年来，烟草使用及其对健康的负面影响已得到充分证明。中国台湾省已将法定吸烟年龄提高到20岁或以上。通过实行这一改变，他们希望减少染上这种习惯的年轻人的数量。 【31题详解】 考查动词。句意：传统烟草产品，如香烟，与广泛的健康问题有关，包括癌症、心脏病、呼吸系统疾病和其他疾病。根据“to a wide range of health problems, including cancer, heart disease, respiratory disorders and others”以及句意“与……有关”可知应，填动词link，根据上文have been可知，应用现在完成时的被动语态。故选D。 【32题详解】 考查形容词。句意：中国台湾省已将法定吸烟年龄提高到20岁或以上。根据“smoking age to 20 or above”以及句意“法定”可知，应填形容词legal，修饰名词age，作定语。故选I。 【33题详解】 考查动词。句意：尽管被宣传为传统香烟的安全替代品，但加热烟草制品仍被认为是烟草。根据“as a safe alternative to traditional cigarettes”以及句意“被宣传为”可知，短语为be marketed as。故选K。 【34题详解】 考查名词。句意：这些产品的加热过程会释放有害的化学物质和毒物，包括焦油、一氧化碳和尼古丁，这是一种极易上瘾的物质。根据“used in these products releases harmful chemicals and poisons”以及句意“过程”可知，应填名词process，作主语。故选A。 【35题详解】 考查副词。句意：这些产品的加热过程会释放有害的化学物质和毒物，包括焦油、一氧化碳和尼古丁，这是一种极易上瘾的物质。根据“addictive substance”以及句意“极易”可知，应填副词highly，修饰形容词addictive。故选H。 【36题详解】 考查动词。句意：为防止青少年尝试烟草制品，影响其健康，台湾省通过增加健康风险评估审查机制，严格控制每一种烟草制品。根据“To prevent young people from experimenting with HTPs and”以及句意“影响”可知，应填动词impact，作介词的宾语，应用动名词形式。故选B。 【37题详解】 考查名词。句意：为防止青少年尝试烟草制品，影响其健康，台湾省通过增加健康风险评估审查机制，严格控制每一种烟草制品。根据“Taiwan Province strictly controls every kind of tobacco product”以及句意“评估”可知，应填名词assessment，作宾语，不定冠词提示，应用名词单数形式。故选E。 【38题详解】 考查名词。句意：吸烟的无数缺点应该让吸烟者停下来，鼓励他们戒烟。根据“encourage them to quit”以及句意“停下来”可知，应填名词pause，作宾语。故选J。 【39题详解】 考查名词。句意：戒烟也可以改善你的外表。根据“Tobacco use can cause wrinkles and yellow teeth. Quitting can lead to healthier skin, whiter teeth and fresher breath. Smoking can also dull your senses of taste and smell.(吸烟会导致皱纹和牙齿变黄。戒烟可以使皮肤更健康，牙齿更白，口气更清新。吸烟还会使你的味觉和嗅觉变得迟钝)”以及句意“外表”可知，应填名词appearance，作宾语，不可数。故选C。 【40题详解】 考查形容词。句意：支持性的社会环境、应对策略和专业帮助对于克服这些问题和过上无烟生活至关重要。根据“Supportive social environments, coping strategies and professional help”以及句意“至关重要”可知，应填形容词crucial，作表语。故选G。 （2024年崇明区二模） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. activate B. amounted C. compared D. energetic E. guidelines F. identify G. image H. influenced I. respects J. review K. substantial Exercise Can Help Prevent Depression, Study Finds How often do you exercise? A new ___31___ from researchers at the University of Cambridge shows that those who exercise are less likely to develop depression, even if they exercise less than the recommended amount. The Department of Health and Human Services recommends that adults engage in 2.5 to 5 hours of moderate activity per week or one hour and 15 minutes to 2.5 hours of ___32___ aerobic (有氧的) exercise per week or some combination of the two. Adults who took a walk for what ___33___ to 2.5 hours per week were less likely to develop depression than those who didn’t exercise at all, the study found. But even those who exercised less felt better than those who didn’t exercise at all, according to researchers. “In this study, a relatively small amount of physical activity were associated with a(n) ___34___ decrease in risks of depression,” the study says. The researchers analyzed 15 studies with nearly 200,000 participants. Those who did about half the recommended amount of physical activity per week had an 18% lower risk of depression ___35___ with adults who did not exercise, the study says. Participants who exercised the recommended amount had a 25% lower risk of depression than those who did not. Exercising more than the recommended amount hardly ____36____ depression risk, according to researchers. Many ___37___ of exercise can lead to improved mental health. For example, working out can increase circulation (血液循环) to the brain and ___38___ the central nervous system, leading to what many refer to as a “runners high,” the study says. More exercise can also lead to improved physical health and a better body ___39___, which can cause a person to be more social, researchers say. Nearly 5% of adults in the U.S. report regular feelings of depression, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Among the study participants, researchers estimate that 1 in every 9 cases of depression might have been prevented had everyone met recommended exercise ____40____, the study says. 【答案】31. J 32. D 33. B 34. K 35. C 36. H 37. I 38. A 39. G 40. E 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了研究发现，运动有助于预防抑郁症。 【31题详解】 考查名词。句意：剑桥大学(University of Cambridge)研究人员的一项新综述显示，那些锻炼的人不太可能患上抑郁症，即使他们的运动量低于推荐量。分析句子可知，空前为形容词new，此处应为名词形式，review“综述”为名词，符合句意。故选J项。 【32题详解】 考查形容词。句意：美国卫生与公众服务部(Department of Health and Human Services)建议成年人每周进行2.5至5小时的适度运动，或每周进行1小时15分钟至2.5小时的高强度有氧运动，或两者兼而有之。分析句子可知，空后aerobic exercise为名词短语，此处应为形容词作定语修饰该名词短语，energetic“高能的”为形容词，符合句意。故选D项。 【33题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：研究发现，每周散步2.5小时的成年人患抑郁症的可能性低于那些根本不运动的人。分析句子可知，此处为固定短语amount to“总结，共达”，满足句意要求，结合上下文时态可知，amount为过去时形式。故选B项。 【34题详解】 考查形容词。句意：该研究称：“在这项研究中，相对少量的体育活动与抑郁症风险的大幅降低有关。”分析句子可知，空后decrease为名词，此处应为形容词形式作定语修饰该名词，substantial“大量的，大幅的”为形容词，符合句意。故选K项。 【35题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：研究称，那些每周进行建议运动量一半的人患抑郁症的风险比不锻炼的成年人低18%。分析句子可知，此处为固定短语compared with“与……相比”，满足句意要求。故选C项。 【36题详解】 考查动词。句意：研究人员表示，超过推荐量的运动量几乎不会影响患抑郁症的风险。分析句子可知，此处为动词作句子的谓语成分，influenced“影响”为动词，符合句意。故选H项。 【37题详解】 考查名词。句意：锻炼在很多方面都能改善心理健康。分析句子可知，空前为Many，此处应为复数名词形式，respects“方面”为复数名词，符合句意。故选I项。 【38题详解】 考查动词。句意：例如，研究表明，锻炼可以增加大脑的血液循环，激活中枢神经系统，导致许多人所说的“跑步者兴奋”。分析句子可知，空前为and连接的动词increase，此处也应为动词形式，构成并列谓语成分，activate“激活”为动词，符合句意。故选A项。 【39题详解】 考查名词。句意：研究人员说，更多的锻炼还可以改善身体健康和更好的身体形象，这可以使一个人更善于社交。分析句子可知，空前为better形容词，此处为名词形式，image“形象”为名词，和body构成名词短语，body image“身体形象”，符合句意。故选G项。 【40题详解】 考查名词。句意：研究称，在研究参与者中，研究人员估计，如果每个人都遵守推荐的锻炼指南，每9例抑郁症中就有1例可能得到预防。分析句子可知，空前recommended形容词，此处应为名词形式，guidelines“指南”为名词，和exercise构成名词短语，exercise guidelines“锻炼指南”，符合句意。故选E项。 （2024年奉贤区二模） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. flooded B. leaps C. increasingly D. combines E. reflects F. emphasizing G. pioneering H. crafted I. technical J. unexpectedly K. classic Chinese animations (动画) are booming The “Black Cat Delective”, released 40 years ago, was a childhood favorite for many Chinese. Since then, Chinese cartoons have come a long way. While “Black Cat Detective” was simply drawn, current cartoons feature ____11____ advances and fascinating plots. One example is “Boonie Bears: Time Twist”, a family-friendly adventure released in February, with smooth animation reminding us of Pixar, a ____12____ animation studio now owned by Disney. These recent ____13____ in quality have enabled Chinese cartoons to succeed at the domestic box office. “Ne Zha: Birth of the Demon Child” was the most well-received film in China in 2019,____14____ beating out “Avengers: Endgame ”, a superhero movie by Marvel Studios. In the 1960s, China’s animation industry saw a big downturn as American and Japanese films ____15____ into the Chinese market, dominating both domestic television and cinema screens. As a result, Chinese animators ____16____ began to work for western studios. However, things changed in 2015 with the release of “Monkey King: Hero is Back”, a breakthrough for Chinese animation. This film, based on the timeless ____17____ “Journey to the Wes/”, signaled a new era of creativity and success in the industry. The main character, the Monkey King, is depicted(刻画) as going through a mid-life crisis, which ____18____ the director’s view that cartoons are not just for children. Light Chaser Animation, a Beijing-based studio, has contributed to the popularity of cartoons in China. Its production “30,000 Miles from Chang’ an” ____19____ elements of Chinese culture, history, and legends with aesthetic(美学的) feeling of Tang dynasty poetry. Indeed, traditional themes are widespread among successful Chinese animations,____20____ the importance of traditional culture as a foundation for Chinese animation. Like other industries, cartoons in China are inspired by Western innovations but with added “Chinese characteristics”. 【答案】11. I 12. G 13. B 14. J 15. A 16. C 17. K 18. E 19. D 20. F 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国动画的崛起，从《黑猫警长》到《长安三万里》，融合传统文化与现代技术，突破创新，如《哪吒之魔童降世》击败《复联4》，展现国漫新高度。 【11题详解】 考查形容词。句意：虽然《黑猫警长》只是简单地画出来的，但目前的漫画以技术进步和引人入胜的情节为特色。分析句子可知，空处应填形容词在句中作定语，修饰名词advances，technical“技术的”为形容词，符合句意。故选I。 【12题详解】 考查形容词。句意：一个例子是今年2月上映的一部适合家庭的冒险电影《熊出没·逆转时空》，流畅的动画让我们想起了皮克斯，这是一家开创性的动画工作室，现在归迪士尼所有。分析句子可知，空处应填形容词在句中作定语，修饰名词studio，pioneering“开创性的”为形容词，符合句意。故选G。 【13题详解】 考查名词。句意：最近这些质量上的飞跃使中国动画片在国内票房上取得了成功。分析句子可知，空处应填名词在句中作主语，由these可知，应用复数名词。leaps“飞跃”为名词，符合句意。故选B。 【14题详解】 考查副词。句意：《哪吒：魔童降世》是2019年中国最受欢迎的电影，出乎意料地击败了漫威工作室的超级英雄电影《复仇者联盟：终局之战》。分析句子可知，空处应填副词在句中作状语，修饰动词beating， unexpectedly“出乎意料地”为副词，符合句意。故选J。 【15题详解】 考查动词。句意：20世纪60年代，随着美国和日本电影涌入中国市场，在国内电视和电影屏幕上占据主导地位，中国动画产业出现了大萧条。分析句子可知，空处应填动词作as从句中的谓语，由In the 1960s可知，句子应用一般过去式，flooded“涌入”为动词，符合句意。故选A。 【16题详解】 考查副词。句意：因此，中国动画师越来越多地开始为西方工作室工作。分析句子可知，空处应填副词在句中作状语修饰动词began，increasingly“越来越多地”为副词，符合句意。故选C。 【17题详解】 考查名词。句意：这部电影以永恒的经典《西游记》为蓝本，标志着行业内一个创新与成功新时代的开始。分析句子可知，空处应填名词作介词on的宾语，classic“经典”为名词，符合句意。故选K。 【18题详解】 考查动词。句意：主角孙悟空被描绘成经历中年危机，这反映了导演认为卡通片不仅仅是给儿童看的的观点。分析句子可知，空处应填动词在定语从句中作谓语，which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子，从句中用一般现在时第三人称单数形式，reflects“反映”为动词，符合句意。故选E。 【19题详解】 考查动词。句意：其作品《长安三万里》融合了中国文化、历史、传说元素以及唐诗的审美意境。分析句子可知，空处应填动词在句中作谓语，描述现在的一般情况，应用一般现在时，单数名词作主语，空处应用第三人称单数形式，combines“组合”为动词，符合句意。故选D。 【20题详解】 考查动词。句意：事实上，传统题材在成功的中国动画中广泛存在，强调了传统文化作为中国动画基础的重要性。分析句子可知，空处在句中作非谓语，emphasizing“强调”为动词，现在分词形式做结果状语，符合句意。故选F。 01: Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A． adjustments B．emit C． hit D．lanes E. players   F. preventing G. semi-autonomous H. shift I. supervising J . traditional   K. worn-out Baby Steps Toward Autonomy… Companies, like Google and Tesla, didn't even exist when Toyota introduced the Prius in1997. However, they have become major ___31___ in the auto industry recently. Both of them aim to introduce fully autonomous cars ---that is, cars that drive themselves---within the next several years. Self-driving cars are expected to be much safer than human-driven ones. But even if the first robot cars ___32___ the roads in the next few years, most of us probably won't give up driving entirely for at least another 15 or 20 years. In the meantime, ___33___ cars will gradually take over certain aspects of driving. Companies have been adding ___34___ features to cars since the 1990s---things like adaptive cruise control, which uses sensors to adjust a car's speed based on the traffic in front of it, and automated parallel parking. Some cars automatically stop—or at least slow down—if a driver doesn't step on the brake in time to avoid a crash. In a certain model developed in 2017, the driver will be able to change ___35___ simply by hitting the turn signal for two seconds (the car will take care of the rest). Within a few years, cars may be able to determine when an accident is likely and make ___36___to the cabin---moving seats, closing windows , retracting the steering wheel. Even better than preparing for a crash, of course, is ___37___one. Some vehicles ___38___ warnings when they detect, through cameras and sensors, that a driver is getting sleepy. Future cars might take over for ___39___ drivers---or automatically pull to the side of the road and shut down. Biometrics(生物识别技术）could aid this process. If a car has sensors that can measure a driver's breath and heart rate, it could ___40___ into self-driving mode when a driver has a heart attack. 【答案】 31．E 32．C 33．J 34．G 35．D 36．A 37．I 38．B 39．K 40．H 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文说明的是自动驾驶汽车的发展历程以及未来的应用。 31．考查形容词。句意：然而，他们最近已经成为汽车行业的主要参与者。根据前文的“Google and Tesla”可知，他们在最近成为了自动驾驶汽车领域中的主要参与者。player为名词，意为“参与者”，此处表示复数，符合句意。故选E。 32．考查动词。句意：但是，即使第一批机器人汽车在未来几年内上路，我们大多数人可能至少在15或20年内不会完全放弃驾驶。分析句子，设空处应该选择谓语动词。hit the road意为“上路”，符合题意，故选C。 33．考查形容词。句意：与此同时，传统汽车将逐渐接管驾驶的某些方面。分析句子，设空处应该填写形容词作定语，修饰名词cars。根据前文“most of us probably won't give up driving entirely for at least another 15 or 20 years.( 我们中的大多数人可能至少在15或20年内都不会完全放弃开车)”可知，在某些领域依旧是传统型自我驾驶发挥作用。traditional 传统的。故选J。 34．考查形容词。句意：自上世纪90年代以来，汽车公司一直在为汽车添加半自动功能，比如自适应巡航控制(利用传感器根据前方交通状况调整汽车速度)，以及自动平行停车。分析句子，设空处应该填写形容词作定语。根据后文的“things like adaptive cruise control, which uses sensors to adjust a car's speed based on the traffic in front of it, and automated parallel parking. ”可知，是为一些汽车添加了半自动功能。semi-autonomous 半自动的。故选G。 35．考查名词。句意：在2017年开发的某款车型中，司机只需打2秒钟的转弯灯就能改变车道(其余的事情由汽车自行处理)。分析句子，设空处需要填写名词作宾语。change lanes意为“更换车道”，根据后文的“by hitting the turn signal for two seconds”可知是，司机在发生事故的时候打2秒钟的转弯灯，即更换车道，避免事故发生。故选D。 36．考查名词。句意：再过几年，汽车或许就能判断何时可能发生事故，并对机舱进行调整——移动座椅、关闭窗户、收回方向盘。分析句子，设空处应该填写名词作宾语。根据后文的“moving seats, closing windows , retracting the steering wheel”可知，是做出相应的调整。adjustments 调整。故选A。 37．考查形容词。句意：当然，比为事故准备更好的是监督事故。分析句子，设空处应该填写形容词作定语。根据后文“Some vehicles __8__ warnings when they detect, through cameras and sensors, that a driver is getting sleepy. ”可知，自动驾驶汽车不仅为事故的发生做准备，同时更是监督事故的发生，起到预警的作用。supervising为形容词，意为“监督的”，符合句意。故选I。 38．考查动词。句意：一些车辆通过摄像头和传感器检测到司机开始犯困，就会发出警告。分析句子，设空处应该使用动词，作谓语。根据后文的“when they detect, through cameras and sensors, that a driver is getting sleepy”可知，当司机开始犯困的时候，一些车辆会发出警告。emit为动词，意为“发出”，符合句意。故选B。 39．考查形容词。句意：未来的汽车可能会取代疲惫的司机，或者自动停在路边。分析句子，设空处应该填写形容词作定语。根据前文的“a driver is getting sleepy”可知未来的汽车可能会取代疲惫的司机。worn-out为形容词，意为“疲劳的”，符合题意。故选K。 40．考查动词。句意：如果一辆汽车安装了传感器，可以测量司机的呼吸和心率，当司机心脏病发作时，它可以切换到自动驾驶模式。分析句子，设空处应该使用动词作谓语。根据前文的“If a car has sensors that can measure a driver's breath and heart rate.”可知，当汽车安装了传感器，测量出司机的心脏病发作时，会自动切换模式。shift为动词，意为“切换，转变”。符合句意。故选H。 02. Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A． spare   B．respectable  C． exhaust   D．accidental  E. designed   F. critics G. advocates   H. mine   I. commercially   J. relieving    K. theoretically Major companies are already in pursuit of commercial applications of the new biology. They dream of placing enzymes(酶)in the automobile to monitor ____31____ and send data on pollution to a microprocessor that will then adjust the engine. They speak of what The New York Times calls “Metal-hungry microbes(微生物)that might be used to ____32____ valuable trace metals from ocean water.” They have already demanded and won the right to patent new life forms. Nervous ____33____, including many scientists, worry that there is corporate, national, international, and inter-scientific competition in the entire biotechnological field. They create images not of oil spills, but of “microbe spills” that could spread disease and destroy entire populations. The creation and ____34____ release of extremely poisonous microbes, however, is only one cause for alarm. Completely rational and ____35____ scientists are talking about possibilities that stagger(动摇)the imagination. Should we breed people with cow-like stomachs so they can digest grass and hay, thereby ____36____ the food problem by modifying us to eat lower down on the food chain? Should we biologically alter workers to fit the job requirement, for example, creating pilots with faster reaction time or assembly-line workers ____37____ to do our monotonous work for us? Should we use genetic forecasting to pre-eliminate “unfit” babies? Should we grow reserve organs for ourselves, each of us having, as it were, a “savings bank” full of ____38____ kidneys, livers or hands? Wild as these notions may sound, everyone has its ____39____ (and opposers) in the scientific community as well as its striking commercial application. As two critics of genetic engineering, Jeremy Rifkin and Ted Howard, state in their book Who Should Play God? “Broad scale genetic engineering will probably be introduced to America much the same way as assembly lines, automobiles, vaccines, computers and all the other technologies. As each new genetic advance becomes ____40____ practical, a new consumer need will be exploited and a market for the new technology will be created.” 【答案】 31．C 32．H 33．F 34．D 35．B 36．J 37．E 38．A 39．G 40．I 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章的主要内容是：完全理性和受人尊敬的科学家们认为将基因工程商业化可能会带来难以预料的后果。 31．考查名词。句意：他们梦想在汽车中放置酶来监测尾气，并将污染数据发送给微处理器，然后由微处理器调整发动机。根据句意和空格前的动词monitor可知，空格处应该填入一个名词作动词monitor的宾语，exhaust“尾气”为名词，符合句意。故选C项。 32．考查动词。句意：他们提到了《纽约时报》所说的“渴求金属的微生物，它们可能被用来从海水中开采有价值的微量金属。”根据句意和空格前的不定式符号to可知，空格处应该填入一个动词原形，mine“开矿，采矿”是动词，符合句意。故选H项。 33．考查名词。句意：紧张的批评者，包括许多科学家，担心在整个生物技术领域存在着企业、国家、国际和科学间的竞争。根据句意和空格前的形容词nervous以及句中的谓语动词worry可知，空格处应该填入一个名词复数形式做主语，critics“批评者；评论家”为名词，符合句意。故选F项。 34．考查形容词。句意：然而，剧毒微生物的产生和意外释放只是引起警惕的原因之一。根据句意和空格后的名词release可知，空格处应该填入一个形容词作定语，修饰名词release，accidental“意外的”为形容词，符合句意。故选D项。 35．考查形容词。句意：完全理性和受人尊敬的科学家们正在谈论那些超乎想象的可能性。根据句意和空格前的and可知，空格处应该填入一个和rational并列的形容词作定语，修饰后面的名词scientists，respectable“值得尊敬的”为形容词，符合句意。故选B项。 36．考查现在分词。句意：我们是否应该让人类拥有像牛一样的胃，这样他们就能消化草和干草，从而通过改变我们的饮食结构，使我们吃食物链下游的食物，从而重新解决食物问题？根据句意和空格后的the food problem可知，空格处应该填入一个现在分词形式作状语，relieving“减轻；缓和”为现在分词，符合句意。故选J项。 37．考查过去分词。句意：我们是否应该从生理上改变工人以适应工作要求，例如，创造反应速度更快的飞行员或设计流水线工人为我们做单调的工作？根据句意可知，空格处应该填入一个过去分词形式作定语，修饰前面的名词workers，designed“设计”为过去分词，符合句意。故选E项。 38．考查形容词。句意：我们是否应该为自己培养储备器官，让每个人都拥有一个装满备用肾脏、肝脏或双手的“储蓄银行”？根据句意和空格后的名词kidneys, livers or hands可知，空格处应该填入一个形容词作定语，修饰后面的名词，spare“备用的”为形容词，符合句意。故选A项。 39．考查名词。句意：尽管这些概念听起来很疯狂，但在科学界，每个人都有它的支持者(和反对者)，也有它惊人的商业应用。根据句意和空格后的and可知，空格处应该填入一个和opposers并列的名词，advocates“拥护者；支持者”为名词，符合句意。故选G项。 40．考查副词。句意：随着每一项新的基因进展在商业上变得实用，新的消费者需求将被开发出来，新技术的市场也将被创造出来。根据句意和空格后的形容词practical可知，空格处应该填入一个副词，修饰后面的practical，commercially“商业上；商业化地”为副词，符合句意。故选I项。 （2023上海春考） 外刊来源： A. digesting B.distinction C.examine D.identical E.intervening F.live G. mixture H.perspective I.shock J. space K. texting Communication-a Thing of the Past? We all think we communicate all the time, and that's true. There's also non-verbal communication you could add into the mix--everything we're saying when we're not saying anything. But there’s a (n) (31 ) _______between saying things to people, or liking and sharing a post on social media, and communication. I'm quite well connected-there's Twitter Facebook,Instagram, Snapchat, email, iEverything (!), but sometimes communication starts to feel like a chore. Check this blog post, read that article someone shared, (32) __________back to someone else, and answer their question.. . Sometimes I feel like a cross between Siri and a mad juggler. Nothing seems to go in and I'm always mixing people up--asking someone how their band is going when they can’t play an instrument or how the job search is going when someone’s just written to say how depressed they are that they can't find a job. So it was quite a ( n ) (33 )__________ to spend New Year in the Highlands in Scotland with no phone signal, no internet and no "Communication”at all, apart from with the people I was with. Suddenly all the pressure to communicate disappeared. All of our conversations became slower,more inverted and far more interesting. We were a group of 12,a ( n)(34)__________of couples and friends, only one of whom I was at university with, so I was meeting a bunch of new people for the first time. Our conversations veered towards the banal and the humdrum in that we often discussed our plans for the day and what we were going to cook in the evening, but often they went a lot farther and a lot deeper. Tucked up on the leather sofas, (35 )__________dinner, we dissected Brexit and one person even changed their (36 )__________entirely! We shared ideas and theories , plots of books and plays and city trips we'd been on, described family troubles and gave advice, listened to work scenarios and offered pointers, and we had to talk and sketch and use words more than ever before , because you couldn't say, "It's a great film, you should google it later. " Some of us even had sore throats from talking so much! In such a short ( 37 )__________of time, due to the proximity of sharing interconnected cottages and verbal communication, I felt much closer to the new people I'd met and been speaking with than some other people I communicate with in my normal life. I don't think our common, current methods of communication come close to being in a small house with lots of people and having to communicate (38 )__________. The brevity of Twitter, the showiness of Facebook, all these aspects contribute to a shallow form of communication that doesn't challenge you to ( 39 )__________your feelings and motives enough. "Liking” something is an instant response but what does it really say about your opinion of something? It's a (n) (40)__________response to millions of other people, whereas you and your thoughts are unique. If we're not careful , perhaps we might forget how to communicate on a deeper level. 【答案】 31-40 BKIGA HJFCD 【导读】这篇文章讨论了现代通信方式与面对面交流之间的差异。作者提到了社交媒体的流行以及其对真正沟通的影响。然后作者描述了在没有手机信号和互联网的苏格兰高地度过新年的经历，与其他人面对面交流的重要性。作者认为现有的通信方式不足以在深层次上传达思想和感情，并警告我们不要失去面对面交流的能力。 【解析】 31.B【解析]前一句提到“你也可以把非语言交流加入其中一一当我们什么也没说的时候，我们说了什么”，由But可知这里表转折，也就是说我们在社交媒体上的行为和与他人的交流是有区别的。句意为:“但在社交媒体上对人说话、点赞和分享帖子和交流是有区别(distinction)的”。故选B。distinction.区别。 32.K【解析]结合给出的单词可知只有“texting”属于与他人交流的类别，且可以与Check this blog post、read that article someone shared....,.and answer their question.. . 并列。句意为:“看看这篇博客，读读别人分享的文章，给别人发短信(texting)，回答他们的问题……”。此处需填现在分词非谓语形式，做伴随状语，故选K。texting v.(用手机给某人)发短信。 33.1【解析]此处描述作者处于没有手机带来的“交流”的情况下，结合前一段作者会因不知道如何与人在社交媒体上沟通而烦恼以及给出的单词可推测作者是“震惊的”。句意为:“所以，在苏格兰高地度过新年，没有手机信号、没有互联网，除了和我在一起的人之外，没有任何“交流”，这对我来说是相当令人震惊的(shock)”。故选I。shock n.震惊。 34.G【解析]这12个人里有情侣、朋友、同学,结合所给单词可知此处应填mixture。句意为:“我们一组12人，有情侣也有朋友，只有一个是我的大学同学，所以我第一次认识了一群新朋友”。故选G。mixture n.混杂的事物(人群)。 35.A【解析]结合给出的单词，分析句意可知这里说的是“消化”。句意为:“我们蜷缩在皮沙发上，消化(digesting)晚餐，剖析英国脱欧……”。故选 A。digest v.消化。 36.H【解析]分析选项可知“改变观点”符合语境及逻辑，句意为:“有一个人甚至完全改变了他们的观点(perspective)”，故选H。perspective n.观点;态度;景观。 37.J【解析]a short space of time表示“短时间;一会儿”。句意为:“在这么短的时间里(space)，由于住在彼此相连的小屋里，又有语言上的交流，我觉得与我认识的新朋友和交谈的人比我在平时生活中交流的人要近得多"。故选J。space n.空间:空白。 38.F【解析]现在人们大多用社交软件进行交流，分析选项可知此处句意为:“我不认为我们现在常见的交流方式接近于在一个有很多人的小房子里进行现场(live) 交流”。故选F。live adv.在现场表演(或录制)。39.C【解析]分析选项可知“审视感受和动机”符合语境及逻辑。此处句意为:“Twitter 的简洁，Facebook的炫耀，所有这些方面都导致了一种肤浅的交流形式,无法让你充分审视(examine)自己的感受和动机”。故选C。examine v.检查:审视。 40.D【解析]结合后面的whereas(但是)可知此处为转折关系，可推测前面提到的“点赞”表示人们对事物的反应一致。句意为:“数百万人的反应都是一样的 (identical)，而你和你的想法是独一无二的”。故选 D。identical adj.相同的。 （2022上海春考） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. characteristics B. diverse C. employ D. function E issue F. Integration G. hit H. military I. potential J. schemes K. wearers Future Fashion: Biometric Bodysuits A team of the Applied Nano Bioscience Center at Arizona State University has built prototypes(原型)of biometric bodysuits.They can detect chemical attacks, deliver drugs to their(31)________, or even perfume scents if your body temperature rises too much. The(32)________ version of the Scentsory Chameleon Bodysuit incorporates fuel cells to provide a lightweight source of power for the soldier's equipment. The civilian one can monitor your heart or blood pressure, deliver interactive games or simply work as a wearable computer. You will even be able to download new colors and patterns from the Web to change your appearance according to this article from East Valley Tribune in Arizona. Both versions should(33) ______the market within a few years. Fredere Zenhausen, director of the Applied Nano Bioscience Center at ASU, has joined with Ghassan Jabbour, a professor at the University of Arizona, to develop two prototypes of "Biometric bodysuits" that contain embedded sensors, power sources, microfluidic devices and other gadgets not normally associated with the latest Paris fashions. Such "smart" clothing could (34) __________future soldiers early waning of chemical attacks or automatically deliver insulin to diabetics, Zenhausemn said "The biometric bodysuit shows how electronics and Fuidies (流体学)can be incorporated into clothing to perform a wide range of (35) ______ tasks, from highly functional to the aesthetic " he said. The civilian Chameleon will have somewhat different(36)____________. Its biometric outfit demonstrates how miniature electronics could be embedded in clothing to promote health is made of clear vinyl(乙烯基) and white plastics to show the placement of various electronic and fuidic devices. In the future such an outfit could diagnose diseases and deliver medications to the wearer, monitor heart rate or blood pressure, deliver interactive games and other forms of entertainment or(37) ___________as a wearable computer. Another possibility would be to download different designs from the Internet so the fabric could change colors ind patterns , Zenhausern suid. And if could all be made to look stylish by the (38)________of electronics and high-fashion designs , he said. In fact, the concept of embedding microelectronics in fabrics has ( 39 ) _____________ far beyond clothing. Sheila Kennedy , an Boston-based architect and visiting professor at the Harvard Universally Graduate School of Design , sees possibilities to (40 )__________the technology in building design. As an example , she said window shades containing organic light emitting diodes (二极管 ) could produce electricity from sunlight that would help generate power. 【答案】31-40 KHGEB ADFIC 【详解】 31.K【解析】结合该空前提及的A team of the Applied NanoBioscience Center at Arizona State University has built prototypes (原型) of biometric bodysuits可知，此处讲述内容与“生物识别紧身衣”相关，再结合相关选项分析，可推知此处想要表述的是“这种衣服可以检测到化学攻击，甚至在体温过高时，可以给他们的穿戴者（wearers）送药物，甚至是香水”，故选K。wearers n.穿用者；佩戴者。 32.H【解析】根据句子结构分析，此处需要填入形容词，再结合该空之后提及的 to provide a lightweight source of power for the soldier’s equipment可知，此处提到了“士兵”，即该空与军队有关，分析选项推知，此处想要表述的是“军用版的（military）Scentsory变色龙连体衣采用了燃料电池，为士兵的装备提供了一种轻质的电源”，故选H。military adj.军事的；军用的；n.军人；军队；武装力量。 33.G【解析】根据句子结构分析，此处should之后应该用动词原形，结合相关选项分析，hit符合文章所要表述的“这两个版本都将在几年内打入市场”，hit the market为固定搭配，意为“冲击市场/打入市场/上市”，故选G。hit v.打；撞击；进攻。 34.E【解析】根据句子结构分析，情态动词could后应填入动词原形，再结合首段提及的They can detect chemical attacks以及该空后提及的early warning of chemical attacks or automatically deliver insulin to diabetics可推知，此处想要表述的是“这种“智能”服装可以向未来的士兵发出化学攻击的早期警告”，根据相关选项分析，issue有“发出”之意，故选E。issue n.问题；发行；期号；子嗣；v.发布；发出（发表；供给；出版。 35.B【解析】根据句子结构分析，此处需要填入形容词修饰tasks，再结合该空前a wide range of的限制和修饰，可推知，此处想要表述的是“生物识别紧身衣展示了电子和流体技术(流体学) 可以结合到服装中，以执行从高度功能到审美的各种不同的（diverse）任务”，故选B。diverse adj.形形色色的；不同的。 36.A【解析】根据句子结构分析，此处需要填入名词，再结合上文对军用智能服装的表述以及此处对民用智能服装的表述，可推知，此处主要是想表述“民用智能服装存在一些不同的特征（characteristics）”，故选A。characteristics n.特性；特征；独特性。 37.D【解析】根据该空前提及的such an outfit could diagnose diseases and deliver medications to the wearer, monitor heart rate or blood pressure, deliver interactive games and other forms of entertainment等相关内容，可知此处主要在说明这一装备所具有的一些功能，再结合句子结构分析，该空处需要填入动词。因此，结合相关选项合上文内容推知，此处想要表述的是“在未来，这样的装备可以诊断疾病，向佩戴者提供药物，监测心率或血压，提供互动游戏和其他形式的娱乐，或作为可穿戴电脑进行工作（function）”，故选D。function n.功能；v. 发挥功能。 38.F【解析】根据句子结构分析，此处需要填入名词，再结合该空之前提及的stylish和该空之后提及的electronics and high-fashion designs可推知，这里想要将两者整合使之变得时尚，即此处想要表述的是“通过电子产品和高级时尚设计的结合（integration），它可以看起来很时尚”，故选F。integration n.结合；整合；一体化。 39.I【解析】结合该空之后提及的far beyond clothing以及下文讲述的关于将这一技术使用于建筑领域当中的可能性，可推知，此处想要表述的是“事实上，在织物中嵌入微电子的概念所拥有的潜力（potential）远不止于服装”，故选I。potential adj.潜在的；n.潜力；可能性。 40.C【解析】根据句子结构，此处需要填入动词原形，结合上文内容以及该段所举的例子As an example, she said window shades containing organic light emitting diodes could produce electricity from sunlight that would help generate power可知，这里讲述了相关技术在建筑领域的运用，即推知此处想要表述的是“她看到了在建筑设计中采用（employ）这项技术的可能性”，故选C。employ v.雇用；采用；利用。 （2021上海春考） A.applauding B. entry-level C. struck D. fascination E. back-seal F. stuck G. stand H. promoter I. hook J. dominant K. empowered The nature is part of us. Therefore , it holds a mysterious ( 31 )__________for me. In my memory , the valley was quiet and calm, only to see the wheat all over the mountains waving together in rhythm when the wind blew through, like a ballet troupe. The sun rose every morning as usual, sweeping across the valley and ultimately falling behind the peaks. The snow that falls in winter always melts in spring, bringing new hope to this nature where everything was pleasant and beautiful. Led by fate , I have became an environmentalist and had the honor of being invited to address students about my green lifestyle for a long time. The students were surprised at my lifestyle and maybe they thought my lifestyle was no longer suitable for modern life.Fortunately , they were still listened to whole lecture , saluting or ( 32 )_________ me-----to some extent the applause implied their encouragement to me. s I began to interact with them under the stage, I was (33 )__________by kids' lack of knowledge of nature so that they had little knowledge of protecting environment. After the address, I put up a stand in the ( 34 )__________offering green food , hoping them interested in it to get the ( 35 )____________experiencing a first-hand feeling of the green lifestyle no one shows any interest in. So I decided to team up with the concert (36)__________to run a campaign: “anyone who can answer a( n) (37)__________ environmental question is qualified to attend the concert. Soon the music can (38 )___________them coming here”. Since then , I have been considering why kids today do not have the same deep appreciation for nature that I do. One of the significant factors may be that the former rural civilization has been replaced by the urban civilization. In the past, the poor played the ( 39 )_________role in the nature , so they cleared the wasteland, planted crops and reproduced civilization. With the massive invasion of industrialization and urbanization, people were forced to move away from nature. The struggle between tradition and modernity , the confrontation between humans and nature has led people to believe that they are the masters of the universe. Is this really the case? It is time to think about who ( 40 )_________ us to destroy nature. 【答案】31-40 DACEG HBIJK 【解析】 31.D[解析]根据句子结构分析，此处应该填入名词。而且结合下文中的景色描写以及 where everything was pleasant and beautiful 可知，此处句意为“因此，它对我有一种神秘的吸引力(fascination)”，故选D。 32.A[解析]根据句子结构分析，此处 or 连接两个动词，应该填入动词的现在分词形式。而且根据下文 to some extent the applause implied their encouragement tome 的提示，可知，此处句意为“幸运的是，他们仍然听了整个讲座，在某种程度上向我致敬或鼓掌(applauding)”，故选A。 33.C[解析]根据句子结构分析，此处为被动语态，需要填入动词的过去分词形式。而且根据上文可知作者是一个环保主义者，又根据下文 they had little knowledge of protecting environment 提示，此处句意为“被孩子们缺乏保护自然的知识所震惊(be struck by)”，故此处考查的是固定搭配 be struck by 被...所侵袭被...所触动;被...所迷惑，故选 C。 34.E[解析]结合上文可知，作者做了一场关于环保的演讲，而且根据句子结构分析，此处应该填入名词，故可推测，作者是在演讲场地设置的摊位，故此处句意最有可能是“演讲结束后，我在后座 (back-seat) 设立了一个展台”，故选 E。 35.G [解析]结合上文作者设置了一个展台，可知此处讲述的还是同一件事情故可推知，此处句意为“希望对它感兴趣的学生能够在展台(stand)上亲身体验”故选 G。 36.H [解析]根据文章分析，此处应该是音乐会的相关负责人与作者一起举办了活动，故可推知此处句意为“作者决定与音乐会发起人(promoter) 合作开展一项活动”，故选 H。 37.B [解析]根据句子结构分析，此处应该填入修饰词，及对环境问题的修饰词,故此处句意为“任何能回答入门级(entry-level) 环境问题的人都有资格参加音乐会”，故选B。 38.I [解析]根据句子结构分析，此处缺少动词，而且根据上文提及的音乐会活动可知，此处句意为“很快音乐就把他们吸引(hook) 到这里来了”，故选I。 39.J [解析]根据固定搭配可知，此处应填入一个形容词,而且根据上一句 The once rural civilization has been replaced by the urban civilization 可知，此处想要表达的是“在过去，穷人在大自然中起着主导 (dominant)作用”，故选J。 40.K [解析]根据句子结构分析可知，此处为定语从句，定语从句中缺少谓语动，而且结合上文作者提及的工业化和城市化带来的变化，可推知，此处句意头是时候想想是谁赋予了 (empowered)我们破坏自然的力量了”，故选K。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！第 1 页 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$