内容正文:
(
第
0
2
讲:
单项选择之
形容词&副词
)
1、 考试要求
高考对形容词与副词的考查要求:
1.要掌握形容词与副词的概念与句法功能。
2. 掌握形容词副词的比较级和最高级及其用法。
2、 命题分析
年份
形容词与副词词义辨析
难度系数
2023
Adequate 充足的
0.65
2022
well aware of 充分意识到
0.65
2021
focused专注的
0.65
alternative替代的
0.65
2020
steadily稳定地,稳固地
0.85
2020
optional 可选择的,选修的;
0.65
2019
accurately准确地
0.85
2019
properly正确地
0.85
根据近几年高考真题可知,形容词、副词在天津卷单项选择题中主要考查方向是形容词、副词词义辨析,因此在备考过程中应把形容词、副词词义辨析作为重点。
考点一、形容词变副词加-ly七种场合归纳
要点精讲1:多数形容词变为副词,直接加-ly:
successful—successfully severe—severely extreme—extremely
例外:full-fully
要点精讲2:以-y结尾形容词变副词要变y为i再加-ly:
happy—happily easy—easily heavy—heavily necessary---necessarily
例外:shy—shyly
要点精讲3:以-le, -ble结尾的形容词变副词,去e加y:
gentle—gently possible—possibly probable—probably simple—simply
例外:true—truly whole—wholly
要点精讲4:以-ic结尾的形容词变为副词,直接加-ally:
basic—basically specific—specifically automatic—automatically
例外:public--publicly
要点精讲5:以-ing结尾形容词变为副词,直接加-ly:
surprising-surprisingly increasing—increasingly interesting—interestingly
要点精讲6:以-ed结尾形容词变为副词,直接加-ly:
repeat—repeatedly hurried—hurriedly unexpected—unexpectedly
例1:I'm terribly sorry, sir. I'll get you another one.
例2:Healthy teeth can help us pronounce accurately.
例3:We should plan scientifically, and establish a proper city network.
例4:She didn't let anyone know what she truly felt.
考点二、形容词用于系表结构作表语
要点精讲:“系动词+表语”结构中系动词后接形容词作表语,该考点在短文改错中频繁出现应予以重视。这些系动词分三类:
①感官类系动词:look, seem, appear, feel, sound, taste, smell
②变化类系动词:become, turn, come, go, fall, get
③保持证明类系动词:stay, keep, be, remain, prove, turn out
例1:Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth.
例2:His dream of being a dancer has come true.
例3:What he said proved to be correct in the end.
考点三、形容词修饰名词作定语
要点精讲:形容词修饰名词作定语是基本用法,此考点在短文改错中经常出现,难度不大,注意审题即可。
例1:Do you know anyone famous in this field?
例2:I know an actor suitable for the part.
例3:Lots of studies have shown that global warming has already become a very serious problem.
考点四、高频易混形容词副词辨析
要点精讲1:具有两种形式的副词的区别
项目
点拨
典例
deep
在深处,深深地(本义,不带感情色彩)
They sat and talked deep into the night. 他们坐着谈话,一直谈到深夜。
deeply
深深地(引申义,带有感情色彩)
He was deeply wounded by his son's comments.他被他儿子的评论深深地刺伤了。
high
高高地(本义,不带感情色彩)
An eagle circled high overhead. 一只鹰在头顶上空盘旋。
highly
高度地(引申义,带有感情色彩)
Daphne thought highly of the school. 达夫妮对那所学校评价很高。
close
在深处,深深地(本义,不带感情色彩)
They sat close together . 他们紧挨着坐在一起。
closely
密切地;仔细地(引申义,带有感情色彩)
I sat and watched everyone very closely. 我坐着仔细观察每一个人。
wide
大地;宽地
He stood with his legs wide apart . 他站在那里,两腿叉开。
widely
广泛地
The idea is now widely accepted.这个思想现在已普遍接受。
late
迟地,晚地
The birthday card arrived three days late. 生日贺卡晚到了三天。
lately
最近;近来
I haven't been sleeping well lately. 我最近一直睡不好觉。
hard
努力地;用功地
Don't hit it so hard! 别这么用力打!
hardly
几乎不
I can hardly keep my eyes open. 我困得都快睁不开眼了。
most
最多,最
It was most kind of you to meet me. 你来接我真是太好了。
mostly
大部分地;主要地
Cars are mostly metal. 汽车大多是金属制成的。
【即时训练】从括号内所给单词中选择一个填在空白处。
13. We think _____________ (high/highly) of their research in the field.
14. It's only _____________ (late/lately) that she's been well enough to go out.
15.Gwenhad not seen her dad all that much, because ______(most/mostly) he worked on the ships. 16. She has thought very _____________ (hard/hardly) about her future plans.
【答案与解析】
13. highly。think highly of是固定搭配,表示“高度评价”。故答案是highly。
14. lately。lately表示“最近,近来”,常与现在完成时连用。故答案是lately。
15. mostly。mostly表示“大部分地;主要地”,符合语境逻辑。故答案是mostly。
16. hard。think hard表示“用心思考”。故答案是hard。
要点精讲2:常见易混形容词副词的区别
项目
点拨
典例
so
adv 如此;太 (修饰形容词、副词或动词)
Don't look so angry. 别那样怒气冲冲的。
She spoke so quietly that I could hardly hear her. 她说话轻得我几乎听不见。
such
adj 这样的,如此的 (修饰名词)
It's such a beautiful day! 天气多么好哇!
It was such fine weather that they all went shopping.那是个好天气,他们都去购物了。
good
adj 好的,好样的 (作定语或表语)
The piano was in good condition. 这台钢琴状况良好。
Sorry, my English is not very good.对不起,我的英语不太好。
well
adv 好的 (修饰动词、形容词作状语)
The kids all behaved well. 孩子们都很规矩。
Add the lemon juice and mix well. 加进柠檬汁并搅拌均匀。
many
adj 很多的,许多的(修饰复数名词)
How many children do you have? 你有几个孩子?
I've known her for a great many years.我认识她好多好多年。
much
adj很多的,许多的(修饰不可数名词)
How much water do you need? 你要多少水?
Thank you very much for the flowers. 非常感谢你的这些花。
few
adj 一些;少的(修饰复数名词)
Very few students learn Latin now.现在学拉丁语学生少得很。
little
adj一些;少的(修饰不可数名词)
f you have any spare milk, could you give me a little? 你要是有多余的牛奶,给我一些好吗?
要点精讲3:-ing、-ed类形容词
-ed形容词主要用来说明人的感受,含有“感到……”之意。-ing形容词主要用来说明给人的感受,含有“令人……”之意。
例1:The instructions on the box are very confusing.
例2:The children gave a confused account of what had happened.
【即时训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
20. The audience were very ___________ (excite) by the show.
21. The parents are ___________ (worry) about their ___________ (worry) son.
22. When a police car appeared on the road, the thief had a ___________ (frighten) look on his face.
形容词副词语境辨析能力四高考英语基本要求之一,具体体现在单项填空、完形填空。辨析的技巧包括:一看汉语意思,二看固定搭配,三看行文逻辑。
【即时训练】从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
23. I’m so ______ to all those volunteers because they helped my terrible day end happily.
A. special B. superior C. grateful D. attractive
24. They gave money to the old people's home either ______ or through their companies.
A. legally B. sincerely C. personally D. deliberately
25. The girl used to be shy, but is ____ getting active in group work and is more willing to express herself.
A. gradually B. usually C. previously D. merely
26. Even though the conference hall is near his apartment, he has to hurry a little if he wants to be_____.
A. accurate B. punctual C. efficient D. reasonable
27. I don’t think what he said is _____ to the topic we are discussing. He has missed the point.
A. faithful B. parallel C. relevant D. similar
考点五、常考形容词后缀归纳
要点精讲1:名词变形容词的后缀
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1.+y 结尾的形容词
anger →angry 生气的
hunger→hungry 饿的
fog→foggy 有雾的
fur→furry 毛皮的
guilt →guilty 内疚的
health→healthy 健康的
2.名词+ ed
balance→balanced 平衡的
spot → spotted 有斑点的
gift →gifted 有天赋的
talent→talented 有天赋的
crowd→ crowded 拥挤的
3.名词+ ful/less
meaning→meaningful 有意义的
care→careful/ careless 小心的;粗心的
colour→colourful 五彩缤纷的
pain →painful 痛苦的
beauty →beautiful 美丽的
wonder →wonderful 极好的
fear→ fearless 不怕的
4.名词+ able
change →changeable 易变的
comfort→comfortable 舒适的
knowledge→knowledgeable 博学的
suit →suitable 合适的
5.名词+ ous
courage→courageous 勇敢的
danger→dangerous 危险的
mystery →mysterious 神秘的
fame →famous 著名的
poison→poisonous 有毒的
humor→humorous 幽默地
6. ce变成t结尾的形容词
innocence →innocent 无辜的
evidence →evident 显然的
silence →silent 沉默的
patience→patient 有耐心的
7. +al 结尾的形容词
addition→additional 附加的,额外的
class→classical 经典的
medicine →medical 医学的
music→musical 音乐的
grammar→grammatical 语法的
globe→global 全球的
agriculture→agricultural 农业的
culture→cultural 文化的
8.+ly结尾的形容词
friend→friendly 友好的
love→lovely 可爱的
day →daily 每日的
month →monthly 每月的
9.+ en结尾的形容词
wood→wooden 木制的
wool→woolen 羊毛的
gold →golden 金子般的
10. 学科名词以及其它一些名词
加cal变成形容词。
chemistry →chemical 化学的
physics →physical 身体的
politics →political 政治的
ecology→ ecological 生态的
11.ance变成ant结尾的形容词
significance →significant 有意义的
ignorance→ ignorant 无知的
tolerance →tolerant 容忍的
12.+cial结尾的形容词。
race→ racial 种族的
face→ facial 面部的
commerce →commercial 商业的
finance →financial 金融的
benefit →beneficial 除外
13.其他
energy→energetic 精力充沛的
strategy→strategic 战略的
self→selfish 自私的
wisdom→wise 明智的
freedom →free 空的免费的
height →high 高的
love→loving 慈爱的
death→dead 死的
pleasure→pleasant / pleased 高兴的
popularity →popular 流行的
pride→proud 骄傲的
scientist→scientific 科学的
freedom→free 自由的
world → worldwide 全世界的
要点精讲2:动词变形容词的后缀
1.词尾加ful
use → useful 有用的
care → careful 小心的
help → helpful 有帮助的
thank → thankful 感激的
peace → peaceful 和平的
forget → forgetful 健忘的
2.词尾加d或ed:
please → pleased 高兴的
unite → united 联合的
excite → excited 激动的
surprise → surprised 惊讶的
organize → organized 有组织的
close → closed 封闭的
3.词尾加ing:
interest → interesting 有趣的
surprise → surprising 令人惊讶
excite → exciting 令人兴奋的
develop → developing 发展中的
4.词尾变y为i,加ed:
worry → worried 担忧的
marry → married 已婚的
fry → fried 油煎的
terrify → terrified 恐惧的
5.词尾加able:
know → knowledgeable 博学的
adjust → adjustable 可调整的
accept→acceptable 可接受的
respect→respectable 体面的
6.其它:
lose → lost 迷失的
fool → foolish 愚蠢的
live → lively / alive / living 活着的
wake → awake 醒着的
taste → tasty 美味的
speak → spoken 口语的
break → broken 破损的
die → dead 死的
educate →educational 教育的
1.(2020•江苏)The outbreak of Covid-19 has meant an _____ change in our life and work.
A. absurd B. abrupt C. allergic D. authentic
2.(2023·天津·高考真题)Athletes should make _________ preparation, both physical and psychological, before entering a big race.
A.adequate B.slight C.identical D.rough
3.(2022·天津·高考真题)The experienced climber was________ the potential danger in such extreme weather and decided to wait until the following day.
A.completely blind to B.totally lost in
C.pretty keen on D.well aware of
4.(2021·天津·高考真题)While rock-climbing, you need to remain very ________ so that you won't make any dangerous errors.
A.satisfied B.focused C.amused D.delighted
5.(2021·天津·高考真题)It’s a good idea to choose a(n) ________ destination in case your first-choice tourist spot is not available.
A.annual B.exact C.alternative D.pleasant
6.(2020·天津·高考真题)With the widespread use of the Internet, communications across the world have _____________developed over the years.
A.steadily B.differently C.independently D.formally
7.(2020·天津·高考真题)According to Professor Johnson, we don’t have to read the book if we don’t want to, as it is ______.
A.worthwhile B.necessary C.optional D.serious
8.(2019·天津·高考真题)Even though we live in a high-tech age, it’s still impossible to predict the weather .
A.actively B.accurately
C.cautiously D.originally
9.(2019·天津·高考真题)A dog’s eating habit requires regular training before it is ________ established.
A.properly B.widely
C.originally D.temporarily
10.(2017·天津·高考真题)—I want to see Mr. White. We have an appointment.
—I’m sorry, but he is not ________ at the moment, for the meeting hasn’t ended.
A.busy B.active C.concerned D.available
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$$
(
第
0
2
讲:
单项选择之
形容词&副词
)
1、 考试要求
高考对形容词与副词的考查要求:
1.要掌握形容词与副词的概念与句法功能。
2. 掌握形容词副词的比较级和最高级及其用法。
2、 命题分析
年份
形容词与副词词义辨析
难度系数
2023
Adequate 充足的
0.65
2022
well aware of 充分意识到
0.65
2021
focused专注的
0.65
alternative替代的
0.65
2020
steadily稳定地,稳固地
0.85
2020
optional 可选择的,选修的;
0.65
2019
accurately准确地
0.85
2019
properly正确地
0.85
根据近几年高考真题可知,形容词、副词在天津卷单项选择题中主要考查方向是形容词、副词词义辨析,因此在备考过程中应把形容词、副词词义辨析作为重点。
考点一、形容词变副词加-ly七种场合归纳
要点精讲1:多数形容词变为副词,直接加-ly:
successful—successfully severe—severely extreme—extremely
例外:full-fully
要点精讲2:以-y结尾形容词变副词要变y为i再加-ly:
happy—happily easy—easily heavy—heavily necessary---necessarily
例外:shy—shyly
要点精讲3:以-le, -ble结尾的形容词变副词,去e加y:
gentle—gently possible—possibly probable—probably simple—simply
例外:true—truly whole—wholly
要点精讲4:以-ic结尾的形容词变为副词,直接加-ally:
basic—basically specific—specifically automatic—automatically
例外:public--publicly
要点精讲5:以-ing结尾形容词变为副词,直接加-ly:
surprising-surprisingly increasing—increasingly interesting—interestingly
要点精讲6:以-ed结尾形容词变为副词,直接加-ly:
repeat—repeatedly hurried—hurriedly unexpected—unexpectedly
例1:I'm terribly sorry, sir. I'll get you another one.
例2:Healthy teeth can help us pronounce accurately.
例3:We should plan scientifically, and establish a proper city network.
例4:She didn't let anyone know what she truly felt.
考点二、形容词用于系表结构作表语
要点精讲:“系动词+表语”结构中系动词后接形容词作表语,该考点在短文改错中频繁出现应予以重视。这些系动词分三类:
①感官类系动词:look, seem, appear, feel, sound, taste, smell
②变化类系动词:become, turn, come, go, fall, get
③保持证明类系动词:stay, keep, be, remain, prove, turn out
例1:Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth.
例2:His dream of being a dancer has come true.
例3:What he said proved to be correct in the end.
考点三、形容词修饰名词作定语
要点精讲:形容词修饰名词作定语是基本用法,此考点在短文改错中经常出现,难度不大,注意审题即可。
例1:Do you know anyone famous in this field?
例2:I know an actor suitable for the part.
例3:Lots of studies have shown that global warming has already become a very serious problem.
考点四、高频易混形容词副词辨析
要点精讲1:具有两种形式的副词的区别
项目
点拨
典例
deep
在深处,深深地(本义,不带感情色彩)
They sat and talked deep into the night. 他们坐着谈话,一直谈到深夜。
deeply
深深地(引申义,带有感情色彩)
He was deeply wounded by his son's comments.他被他儿子的评论深深地刺伤了。
high
高高地(本义,不带感情色彩)
An eagle circled high overhead. 一只鹰在头顶上空盘旋。
highly
高度地(引申义,带有感情色彩)
Daphne thought highly of the school. 达夫妮对那所学校评价很高。
close
在深处,深深地(本义,不带感情色彩)
They sat close together . 他们紧挨着坐在一起。
closely
密切地;仔细地(引申义,带有感情色彩)
I sat and watched everyone very closely. 我坐着仔细观察每一个人。
wide
大地;宽地
He stood with his legs wide apart . 他站在那里,两腿叉开。
widely
广泛地
The idea is now widely accepted.这个思想现在已普遍接受。
late
迟地,晚地
The birthday card arrived three days late. 生日贺卡晚到了三天。
lately
最近;近来
I haven't been sleeping well lately. 我最近一直睡不好觉。
hard
努力地;用功地
Don't hit it so hard! 别这么用力打!
hardly
几乎不
I can hardly keep my eyes open. 我困得都快睁不开眼了。
most
最多,最
It was most kind of you to meet me. 你来接我真是太好了。
mostly
大部分地;主要地
Cars are mostly metal. 汽车大多是金属制成的。
【即时训练】从括号内所给单词中选择一个填在空白处。
13. We think _____________ (high/highly) of their research in the field.
14. It's only _____________ (late/lately) that she's been well enough to go out.
15.Gwenhad not seen her dad all that much, because ______(most/mostly) he worked on the ships. 16. She has thought very _____________ (hard/hardly) about her future plans.
【答案与解析】
13. highly。think highly of是固定搭配,表示“高度评价”。故答案是highly。
14. lately。lately表示“最近,近来”,常与现在完成时连用。故答案是lately。
15. mostly。mostly表示“大部分地;主要地”,符合语境逻辑。故答案是mostly。
16. hard。think hard表示“用心思考”。故答案是hard。
要点精讲2:常见易混形容词副词的区别
项目
点拨
典例
so
adv 如此;太 (修饰形容词、副词或动词)
Don't look so angry. 别那样怒气冲冲的。
She spoke so quietly that I could hardly hear her. 她说话轻得我几乎听不见。
such
adj 这样的,如此的 (修饰名词)
It's such a beautiful day! 天气多么好哇!
It was such fine weather that they all went shopping.那是个好天气,他们都去购物了。
good
adj 好的,好样的 (作定语或表语)
The piano was in good condition. 这台钢琴状况良好。
Sorry, my English is not very good.对不起,我的英语不太好。
well
adv 好的 (修饰动词、形容词作状语)
The kids all behaved well. 孩子们都很规矩。
Add the lemon juice and mix well. 加进柠檬汁并搅拌均匀。
many
adj 很多的,许多的(修饰复数名词)
How many children do you have? 你有几个孩子?
I've known her for a great many years.我认识她好多好多年。
much
adj很多的,许多的(修饰不可数名词)
How much water do you need? 你要多少水?
Thank you very much for the flowers. 非常感谢你的这些花。
few
adj 一些;少的(修饰复数名词)
Very few students learn Latin now.现在学拉丁语学生少得很。
little
adj一些;少的(修饰不可数名词)
f you have any spare milk, could you give me a little? 你要是有多余的牛奶,给我一些好吗?
要点精讲3:-ing、-ed类形容词
-ed形容词主要用来说明人的感受,含有“感到……”之意。-ing形容词主要用来说明给人的感受,含有“令人……”之意。
例1:The instructions on the box are very confusing.
例2:The children gave a confused account of what had happened.
【即时训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
20. The audience were very ___________ (excite) by the show.
21. The parents are ___________ (worry) about their ___________ (worry) son.
22. When a police car appeared on the road, the thief had a ___________ (frighten) look on his face.
【答案与解析】
20. excited。句意:观众们看了演出感到非常激动。结合语境应用excited。故答案是excited。
21. worried;worrying。句意:父母在为他们令人担忧的儿子感到担忧。句中用worried说明父母,是因为父母感到担心;用worrying说明儿子,是因为这个儿子令父母担心。故答案是worried;worrying。
22. frightened。句意:当警车出现在马路上时,那个小偷脸上是吃惊的表情。根据语境逻辑脸上是“感到吃惊的”表情。故答案是frightened。
要点精讲3:形容词副词语境辨析
形容词副词语境辨析能力四高考英语基本要求之一,具体体现在单项填空、完形填空。辨析的技巧包括:一看汉语意思,二看固定搭配,三看行文逻辑。
【即时训练】从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
23. I’m so ______ to all those volunteers because they helped my terrible day end happily.
A. special B. superior C. grateful D. attractive
24. They gave money to the old people's home either ______ or through their companies.
A. legally B. sincerely C. personally D. deliberately
25. The girl used to be shy, but is ____ getting active in group work and is more willing to express herself.
A. gradually B. usually C. previously D. merely
26. Even though the conference hall is near his apartment, he has to hurry a little if he wants to be_____.
A. accurate B. punctual C. efficient D. reasonable
27. I don’t think what he said is _____ to the topic we are discussing. He has missed the point.
A. faithful B. parallel C. relevant D. similar
【答案与解析】
23. C。句意:我非常感激所有的志愿者,因为他们帮我把糟糕的一天变成了愉快的一天。A特殊的;B优秀的,比......好的;C感激的;D有吸引力的。根据句意可知,这里是在向志愿者表达感激之情,故选C。
24. C。句意:他们给那位老人的家里送钱,有的是一个人的名义,有的则是通过他们的公司。A合法地;B真诚地;C亲自,当面地,个人而言;D故意地。故选C。
25. A。句意:那个女孩过去很害羞,但现在团队合作越来越积极, (比以前)更愿意表达自己的想法。A项“逐渐地”B项“通常,经常”; C项“以前”; D项“仅仅”。故选A项。
26.B.句意:尽管会议大厅靠近他的公寓,如果他想要准时的话,还是必须快点。A项“精确的”;B项“守时的,准时的”;C项“有效率的”;D项“合理的”。故选D项。
27. C。句意:我认为他所说的和我们今天讨论的话题无关。他没有抓住要点。A项“忠实的,忠诚的”;B项“与……平行”;C项“和……相关”;D项“和……相似”。be relevant to“和……相关”。故选C项。
考点五、常考形容词后缀归纳
要点精讲1:名词变形容词的后缀
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1.+y 结尾的形容词
anger →angry 生气的
hunger→hungry 饿的
fog→foggy 有雾的
fur→furry 毛皮的
guilt →guilty 内疚的
health→healthy 健康的
2.名词+ ed
balance→balanced 平衡的
spot → spotted 有斑点的
gift →gifted 有天赋的
talent→talented 有天赋的
crowd→ crowded 拥挤的
3.名词+ ful/less
meaning→meaningful 有意义的
care→careful/ careless 小心的;粗心的
colour→colourful 五彩缤纷的
pain →painful 痛苦的
beauty →beautiful 美丽的
wonder →wonderful 极好的
fear→ fearless 不怕的
4.名词+ able
change →changeable 易变的
comfort→comfortable 舒适的
knowledge→knowledgeable 博学的
suit →suitable 合适的
5.名词+ ous
courage→courageous 勇敢的
danger→dangerous 危险的
mystery →mysterious 神秘的
fame →famous 著名的
poison→poisonous 有毒的
humor→humorous 幽默地
6. ce变成t结尾的形容词
innocence →innocent 无辜的
evidence →evident 显然的
silence →silent 沉默的
patience→patient 有耐心的
7. +al 结尾的形容词
addition→additional 附加的,额外的
class→classical 经典的
medicine →medical 医学的
music→musical 音乐的
grammar→grammatical 语法的
globe→global 全球的
agriculture→agricultural 农业的
culture→cultural 文化的
8.+ly结尾的形容词
friend→friendly 友好的
love→lovely 可爱的
day →daily 每日的
month →monthly 每月的
9.+ en结尾的形容词
wood→wooden 木制的
wool→woolen 羊毛的
gold →golden 金子般的
10. 学科名词以及其它一些名词
加cal变成形容词。
chemistry →chemical 化学的
physics →physical 身体的
politics →political 政治的
ecology→ ecological 生态的
11.ance变成ant结尾的形容词
significance →significant 有意义的
ignorance→ ignorant 无知的
tolerance →tolerant 容忍的
12.+cial结尾的形容词。
race→ racial 种族的
face→ facial 面部的
commerce →commercial 商业的
finance →financial 金融的
benefit →beneficial 除外
13.其他
energy→energetic 精力充沛的
strategy→strategic 战略的
self→selfish 自私的
wisdom→wise 明智的
freedom →free 空的免费的
height →high 高的
love→loving 慈爱的
death→dead 死的
pleasure→pleasant / pleased 高兴的
popularity →popular 流行的
pride→proud 骄傲的
scientist→scientific 科学的
freedom→free 自由的
world → worldwide 全世界的
要点精讲2:动词变形容词的后缀
1.词尾加ful
use → useful 有用的
care → careful 小心的
help → helpful 有帮助的
thank → thankful 感激的
peace → peaceful 和平的
forget → forgetful 健忘的
2.词尾加d或ed:
please → pleased 高兴的
unite → united 联合的
excite → excited 激动的
surprise → surprised 惊讶的
organize → organized 有组织的
close → closed 封闭的
3.词尾加ing:
interest → interesting 有趣的
surprise → surprising 令人惊讶
excite → exciting 令人兴奋的
develop → developing 发展中的
4.词尾变y为i,加ed:
worry → worried 担忧的
marry → married 已婚的
fry → fried 油煎的
terrify → terrified 恐惧的
5.词尾加able:
know → knowledgeable 博学的
adjust → adjustable 可调整的
accept→acceptable 可接受的
respect→respectable 体面的
6.其它:
lose → lost 迷失的
fool → foolish 愚蠢的
live → lively / alive / living 活着的
wake → awake 醒着的
taste → tasty 美味的
speak → spoken 口语的
break → broken 破损的
die → dead 死的
educate →educational 教育的
1.(2020•江苏)The outbreak of Covid-19 has meant an _____ change in our life and work.
A. absurd B. abrupt C. allergic D. authentic
【答案】B
【难度】0.65
【知识点】 absurd、 abrupt、allergic、 authentic形容词词义辨析
【详解】新冠肺炎疫情的爆发,给我们的生活和工作带来了一个突然的变化。A. absurd荒谬的;B. abrupt突然的;C. allergic过敏的;D. authentic真实的。根据常识可知,新冠肺炎疫情给我们的生活和工作带来了一个突然的变化。故选B。
2.(2023·天津·高考真题)Athletes should make _________ preparation, both physical and psychological, before entering a big race.
A.adequate B.slight C.identical D.rough
【答案】A
【难度】0.65
【知识点】adequate、identical、rough、slight、形容词词义辨析
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:运动员在参加大型比赛前应该做好充分的生理和心理准备。A. adequate足够的;B. slight轻微的;C. identical相同的;D. rough粗糙的,不平的。分析句子,设空处使用形容词作定语,根据句意,此处表示“足够的,充足的”,用adequate。故选A。
3.(2022·天津·高考真题)The experienced climber was________ the potential danger in such extreme weather and decided to wait until the following day.
A.completely blind to B.totally lost in
C.pretty keen on D.well aware of
【答案】D
【难度】0.65
【知识点】其他短语辨析、aware of
【详解】考查形容词短语辨析。句意:有经验的登山者充分意识到在这样极端天气下存在的潜在风险,决定等到第二天。A. completely blind to 完全不了解;B. totally lost in完全迷失于;C. pretty keen on 非常喜欢;D. well aware of充分意识到。分析句子结构可知,此处应为形容词短语作表语,选项均为副词修饰形容词,结合句意可知,此处表示“充分意识到”,故well aware of符合句意。故选D项。
4.(2021·天津·高考真题)While rock-climbing, you need to remain very ________ so that you won't make any dangerous errors.
A.satisfied B.focused C.amused D.delighted
【答案】B
【难度】0.65
【知识点】delighted、satisfied、形容词词义辨析、amused
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:在攀岩的时候,你需要保持非常专注,这样你就不会犯任何危险的错误。A. satisfied满意的;B. focused专注的;C. amused被逗乐的;D. delighted高兴的。根据后文“so that you won't make any dangerous errors”可知要想不犯任何危险的错误,攀岩的时候需要保持专注,focused符合语境。故选B。
5.(2021·天津·高考真题)It’s a good idea to choose a(n) ________ destination in case your first-choice tourist spot is not available.
A.annual B.exact C.alternative D.pleasant
【答案】C
【难度】0.65
【知识点】形容词词义辨析、pleasant、exact、annual、alternative
【详解】考查形容词。句意:如果你首选的旅游景点没有了,选择一个替代目的地是一个好主意。A. annual年度的;B. exact准确的;C. alternative替代的;D. pleasant令人愉快的。根据后文“destination in case your first-choice tourist spot is not available”可知此处指替代目的地,应用alternative。故选C。
6.(2020·天津·高考真题)With the widespread use of the Internet, communications across the world have _____________developed over the years.
A.steadily B.differently C.independently D.formally
【答案】A
【难度】0.85
【知识点】differently、formally、steadily、副词词义辨析
【详解】考查副词辨析。句意:随着互联网的广泛使用,世界各地的通信多年来稳步发展。A. steadily稳定地,,稳固地;B. differently不同地;C. independently独立地;D. formally正式地。此处指稳步发展,故选A。
7.(2020·天津·高考真题)According to Professor Johnson, we don’t have to read the book if we don’t want to, as it is ______.
A.worthwhile B.necessary C.optional D.serious
【答案】C
【难度】0.65
【知识点】形容词词义辨析、worthwhile、serious、optional、necessary
【详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:根据约翰逊教授的说法,如果我们不想读这本书,就不必读,因为它是可选择的。A. worthwhile值得的;B. necessary必要的;C. optional 可选择的,选修的;D. serious严肃的,认真的。根据“we don’t have to read the book if we don’t want to”可知,这本书读不读都可以,由此可知,它是“可选择的”。故选C。
8.(2019·天津·高考真题)Even though we live in a high-tech age, it’s still impossible to predict the weather .
A.actively B.accurately
C.cautiously D.originally
【答案】B
【难度】0.85
【知识点】副词词义辨析
【详解】考查副词辨析。句意:即使我们生活在一个高科技时代,准确预测天气仍然是不可能的。A. actively积极地;B. accurately准确地;C. cautiously谨慎地;D. originally最初。故B选项正确。
9.(2019·天津·高考真题)A dog’s eating habit requires regular training before it is ________ established.
A.properly B.widely
C.originally D.temporarily
【答案】A
【难度】0.65
【知识点】副词词义辨析
【详解】考查副词辨析。句意:在狗的饮食习惯被正确地建立之前,需要定期的训练。A. properly正确地;B. widely广泛地;C. originally最初;D. temporarily临时地。狗的饮食习惯不可能是被“广泛地、最初地、临时地”建立,故选A。
10.(2017·天津·高考真题)—I want to see Mr. White. We have an appointment.
—I’m sorry, but he is not ________ at the moment, for the meeting hasn’t ended.
A.busy B.active C.concerned D.available
【答案】D
【难度】0.65
【知识点】形容词词义辨析
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:——我想见怀特先生,我们有约。——对不起,他现在没空,因为会议还没有结束。A. busy忙碌;B. active积极,活跃;C. concerned关心;D. available有空。根据后文for the meeting hasn’t ended可知,是表示他现在没空,故选D。
【点睛】英语中形容词的考查主要是考查形容词的词义辨析和对语境的理解。本句中的语境很明显,根据空前的对不起和空后的原因的解释,说明怀特先生没有空,即现在很忙。
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