内容正文:
(一)非谓语动词之动词不定式
准备:
① 草稿纸
② 笔记本
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什么是非谓语动词?
英语句子中不作谓语的动词称为非谓语动词。
主语 谓语 宾语
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什么是非谓语动词?
① 非谓语动词 = 不是谓语的动词
② 一个简单句只能有一个谓语动词(没有并列连词的情况下)。如果要加入其他动词就要写成非谓语的形式。
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非
谓
语
的
基
本
形
式
不定式 to do
表目的 / 将来(主动)
动名词 doing
表某事 / 某动作, 相当于名词的用法(主动)
分词
现在分词 doing
过去分词 done
表状态 / 进行(主动)
及物动词, 表完成 (被动)
不及物动词, 表完成 (主动)
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判断一下划线动词是谓语还是非谓语?
① The meeting to be held tomorrow is very important.
非谓语
谓语
② Tom is the only student coming from Beijing.
非谓语
谓语
④ Nancy likes reading.
非谓语
谓语
③ I saw the ball thrown into the garden.
非谓语
谓语
谓语动词一定会有完整的时态或语态结构,而非谓语只是看起来像某种时态结构,但并不完全是
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动词不定式的用法
基本形式 肯定:to + 动词原形 否定:not to + 动词原形
此时 to 是不定式的符号,不是介词也无词义,特殊情况下可省略
一般时主动
to do
I hope _________ (see) you again.
to see
表目的
一般时被动
to be done
The hospital ______________ (build) next year is near my house.
to be built
完成时主动
to have done
I’m sorry ________________(give) you so much trouble.
to have given
完成时被动
to have been done
The thief is said _______________________ (arrest).
to have been arrested
进行时
to be doing
She pretended __________________(listening) carefully.
to be listening
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动词不定式的用法
① To learn a new language is difficult.
主语
It is difficult
to learn a new language.
It is + adj. + to do sth.
② It is not easy ___________ (see) their father.
to see
(it 作形式主语)
(作主语)
( it 形式主语,to do 作真正主语)
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例 1:Our teacher says that he helped our country realize that it is wrong 59.____________(treat) people differently because of the color of their skins.
例题详解
to treat
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动词不定式的用法
③ He wish is to be a doctor.
(作表语)
④ I have something to say.
(作定语)
⑤ They went to find the lost dog.
(作目的状语)
to do 为了
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例 1:48.____________(make) it easier for the tigers to live, we should protect their homes in the wild.
例题详解
To make
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作。
动词不定式的用法
⑥ Li Lei wanted to have a cup of coffee.
(作宾语)
⑦ The teacher told us to go home earlier.
(作宾语补足语)
总结:动词不定式除了不能作谓语,
其他的成分都能作。
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want sb. to do sth.
…
1、常用 to do 作宾补的固定搭配
想要某人做某事
tell sb. to do sth.
叫某人做某事
help sb.( to) do sth.
协助某人做某事
ask sb. to do sth.
叫某人做某事
格式:动词 + 宾语 + 不定式
I want you to be happy.
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例 :His mother told him _________ back home too late.
A. not to come B. doesn’t come
C. to not come D. don’t come
例题详解
A
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只需记住哪些动词是可以省略to的!
2、作宾补的特殊情况:to do 省去 to
口诀:五看 三室 二厅 一感觉
see、watch、notice、observe、look at
五看 :
make、let、have
三使:
hear、listen to
二听:
feel
一感觉:
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2、作宾补的特殊情况:to do 省去 to
使用格式:see sb. (to) do sth.
例:I saw a big dog jump over the fence yesterday.
① 注意区分:see sb. do sth. 看到某人做了某事
see sb. doing sth. 看到某人正在做某事
see sb. /sth. done 看到某人/物被
② 被动结构中要还原 to。
The man was seen to run into the house.
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例 :Jane was made ________ the truck for a week as punishment.
A. to wash B. washing
C. wash D. to be washing
例题详解
A
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口诀:
3、常用 to do 作宾语的固定搭配
准备(prepare)计划(plan)去同意(agree)
想要(want)承诺(promise)被警告(warm)
期望(expect)帮助(help)去请求(ask)
拒绝(refuse)邀请(invite)提(offer)愿望(wish)
决定(decide)选择(choose)有希望(hope)
格式:动词 + 不定式
I expect to improve her life.
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例 :I called some friends for help, but none of them agreed _____ me.
A. help B. to help
C. helping D. helped
例题详解
B
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4、疑问词 + 不定式的结构
常用于此搭配的疑问词: what、how、which、where、when
① I don’t know when to hand in my homework.
注意:疑问词 + to do 的结构通常放在 know、ask、show、forget、decide、advice、teach 等动词后。
② We can’t decide when to eat for dinner.
③ He taught me how to make a kite.
= I don’t know when I should hand in my homework.
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例 : There are so many toys in the shop. We can’t decide _______.
A. what to buy B. when to buy
C. where to buy D. how to buy
例题详解
A
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选项有:_________
to do 家族
慧眼识题
③ __________
选择题解题技巧:
② __________
① __________
目的 / 将来
固定搭配
特殊情况
(it 形式主语/形式宾语句型;被动还原 to;
疑+to do;否定含义 not to do 等)
(背诵非谓语必背短语)
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1、We should allow students _______ their own school uniform.
A. choose B. to choose C. choosing D. chose
例题详解
B
2、The teacher told Mike _____ too much time playing computer games.
A. not to spend B. to spend C. spent D. not spend
4、When you leave, please turn off the light ______ energy.
A. save B. to save C. saved D. saving
A
B
表目的
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① 基本形式:to do;doing;done
总结
1、非谓语基础知识:
② 非谓语就是不是谓语的动词
2、动词不定式的用法:
① 除了不能作谓语,其他成分都能作
例:宾语、宾补、主语(形主)、目的状语
3、选择题做题技巧: (平时练习会就行,高考取消了语法选择,考语法填空)
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Thank you !
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