2025年中考英语复习 形容词和副词

第一节 形容词 一、形容词的分类 (一)品质形容词:表示人或物的品质,如:happy, angry, anxious, cold, fat等。 (二)类属形容词:表示属于哪一类,如:female, central, cultural, local等。 (三)颜色形容词:表示颜色的形容词,如:red, blue, white等。 (四)强调形容词:表示起强调作用的形容词,如;entire, perfect, pure, total等。 (五)-ing形容词:多来自于动词的变形,意思常被翻译成“令人的 ”如:relaxing, tiring, exciting, amazing等。 (六)-ed形容词:多来自于动词的过去分词,有两个常见的特点:①一般有被动意义,②多数表示心情类的形容词,可翻译成“感到 的”,如:required, tired等。 (七)合成形容词:常见于数词构成的形容词,通常情况下,如有连字符连接,其数词和名词都要用单数形式,如:two-hundred-word两百字的。 二、形容词的排列顺序 (一)单个形容词作定语时,一般放在所修饰的名词之前。 【例】The important thing is to keep trying. 重要的是要不断尝试。 The Chinese people have boundless creativity. 中国人民有着无穷的创造力。 (二)多个形容词和限定词修饰同一个名词时的顺序是:限定词(冠词、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、数词等)+一般描绘性形容词、特征形容词+表示大小、长短、高低、形状的形容词+表示年龄、新旧的形容词+表示颜色的形容词+表示国籍、地区、出处、来源的形容词+表示物质、材料的形容词+表示作用、类别的形容词+名词。 【例】a typical high Italian building 一栋典型的意大利高层建筑 a beautiful old red handmade cupboard 一个漂亮而古老的手工制作的红橱柜 三、由分词转化而来的形容词 由分词转化而来的形容词作表语、定语或补足语等成分时,一般情况下,当所修饰的是人或人的表情声音等时,用过去分词转化而来的形容词;当所修饰的是物时,用现在分词转化而来的形容词。 -ing形容词 -ed形容词 exciting令人兴奋的 excited兴奋的 moving动人的 moved感动的 interesting有趣的 interested感兴趣的 discouraging令人泄气的 discouraged气馁的 inspiring鼓舞人心的 inspired品质优秀的 frightening使人惊恐的 frightened受到惊吓的 boring令人厌倦的 bored感到厌倦的 surprising使人惊奇的 surprised感到惊奇的 四、常用的“形容词+介词+宾语”结构 (一)主语+be动词+形容词+about+宾语。 用于本句型的常见形容词有:anxious(焦虑,担心), certain(确信), concerned(担心的,关注的), careful(小心,注意), excited, curious, optimistic, pessimistic, happy(满意的,放心的), nervous, particular(挑剔), worried, sorry(惭愧)等。 【例】They were very curious about the people who lived upstairs. 他们对住在楼上的人感到很好奇。 (二)主语+be动词+形容词+at+宾语。 用于本句型的常见形容词有:amazed, angry, annoyed, astonished, bad(不擅长), clever(熟练的), surprised, good(擅长的)等。 【例】The teacher was amazed at the progress the students had made in such a short time. 那个老师对学生们在如此短的时间内取得的进步感到吃惊。 (三)主语+be动词+形容词+for+宾语。 用于本句型的常见形容词有:adequate, appropriate, eager, famous, fit, good(有好处的), greedy, late, necessary, proper, responsible, thirsty(渴望)等。 【例】The area is famous for its very mild winter climate. 这个地区以其非常温暖的冬季气候而闻名。 (四)主语+be动词+形容词+from+宾语。 用于本句型的常见形容词有:absent(缺席), distant, different, remote, safe, secure(安全的), separate(单独的,分开的)等。 【例】Two students were absent from class yesterday. 昨天有两名学生缺课。 (五)主语+be动词+形容词+in+宾语。 用于本句型的常见形容词有:absorbed, engaged(忙于), interested, involved(参与), lacking(缺乏), lost等。 【例】I was so absorbed in thinking that I was unaware of things happening around me. 我如此专心地思考,以至对我周围发生的事情一无所知。 (六)主语+be动词+形容词+of+宾语。 用于本句型的常见形容词有:ashamed, aware, capable, certain, characteristic, composed, confident(有把握的), conscious(意识到), fond(喜爱), guilty(有罪责的), ignorant(无知的), independent(独立的,不相关的), jealous, proud, worthy(值得的)等。 【例】The team is confident of winning the competition. 这支队伍有把握赢得比赛。 (七)主语+be动词+形容词+to+宾语。 用于本句型的常见形容词有:accustomed, appropriate, attractive, beneficial, common(共同的), devoted, equal, equivalent, essential, fair, faithful, friendly(友好的), harmful, helpful, grateful, loyal, superior, sensitive, similar, strange, vital等。 【例】These measures should be beneficial to the economy. 这些措施应该对经济有益。 My father has been devoted to this cause for so many years.我父亲这么多年来一直致力于这项事业。 (八)主语+be动词+形容词+with+宾语。 用于本句型的常见形容词有:angry, annoyed, associated, bored, busy, content, crowded, delighted, familiar, frank, friendly(友好的), patient, pleased, popular, satisfied, strict, wrong(有毛病)等。 【例】She was annoyed with the boy for being late.她因为这个男孩儿迟到而生他的气。 The smart little boy is popular with his peers.那个聪明的小男孩儿很受同龄人欢迎。 第二节 副词 副词是指在句子中表示行为或状态特征的词,用以修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句,表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。 构成: 一般情况下,形容词变副词,直接在词尾+ly safe safely 形容词词尾以辅音+y结尾,把y改为i+ly easy easily 形容词以le或ue结尾,去e+ly true truly 形副同形(既可做形容词也可做副词) fast/slow/early/late 一、副词分类 副词可分为时间副词、频率副词、地点副词、方式副词、程度副词、疑问副词、连接副词、关系副词等等。考查点通常为词义辨析,考生注意积累常见副词词义和用法(详见第三章)。 (一)地点副词:nowhere哪里都不;somewhere在某处;everywhere到处;anywhere用于否定和疑问句,代替everywhere表示任何地方;随便哪里 (二)关系副词:when(表时间), where(表地点), why(表原因) (三)程度副词:much非常,很;very非常,很,完全;so如此;too太,很;heavily大量的,在很大程度上;seriously严重的,严肃的 (四)时间和频度副词:now现在;often经常;early提早;sometimes有时;before在 之前;hardly几乎不;finally最后;frequently频繁地 (五)疑问副词:how怎样;when何时;where何地;who何人;why为何 (六)连接副词:however然而;moreover此外;consequently因此;also也;besides除了;otherwise否则;therefore因此;thus因此 (七)方式副词:由形容词+后缀-ly构成的大部分副词都属于方式副词,如:badly严重地;slowly缓慢地;proudly骄傲地;carelessly粗心地;properly适当地,完全地 【注意】副词的排列顺序一般为:方式 地点 时间(有时时间副词也可放于句首) 【例】She sang very beautifully(方式)in the hall(地点)last night(时间). 她昨天晚上在大厅里唱得非常好。 二、副词位置 副词位置 例句 修饰动词时,置后 He is moving fast. 频率副词放实义动词前,情态动词或第一个助动词后 Students must always obey the rules. 修饰形容词或副词,放前 The book is very interesting 疑问副词放句首 Where is my book? 表时间、地点时,小单位在前,大单位在后 The train will leave at eight o’clock on January 20th. 排序:程度+地点+时间 The old man runs very slowly(程度)along the lake(地点)at six o’clock every morning.(时间) 三、副词的句法功能 (一)副词最主要的作用是作状语,可修饰动词,也可修饰形容词或副词,还可修饰整个句子。 【例】He welcomes me warmly.他热烈地欢迎我。(修饰动词) I’m quite happy here.我在这里很高兴。(修饰形容词) He didn’t work hard enough.他不够用功。(修饰副词) Hopefully, we’ll meet again.希望我们再见面。(修饰整个句子) (二)副词作表语。 【例】I must be off now.我得走了。 (三)副词作补足语。 【例】I’m pleased to see you back.看到你回来我很高兴。 (四)副词作定语。 【例】The students here are nice.这里的学生很好。 四、副词的排列顺序 (一)方式+地点+时间(有时时间副词也可放于句首)。 【例】They are dancing happily(方式)in the hall(地点)now(时间).他们正在大厅里快乐地跳舞。 (二)小在前,大在后;短在前,长在后;具体在前,抽象在后。 【例】We lived in a five-star hotel(小地点)in Nanjing(大地点).我们住在南京的一个五星级酒店。 以下为三个固定的常见用法 ① “too+形容词/副词+to+动词原形”为固定结构,意为“太 而不能 ”。 【例】He’s far too young to go on his own.他年纪太小,不能独自一人去。 ② cannot too , can never too 为固定结构,意为“再 也不为过”。 【例】The importance of education cannot be too overemphasized.再如何强调教育的重要性也不为过。 ③ enough作副词时,意为“足够地,充分地,相当,很”,修饰动词、形容词或副词时,应当后置;enough作限定词时,意为“足够的,充足的,充分的”,作定语修饰名词时,常位于名词之前,有时也可位于名词之后。 【例】People brave enough to save others in danger deserve a reward. 那些足够勇敢救人于危难的人理应获得奖励。 This classroom has enough seats/seats enough for 45 students to have class. 这间教室有足够的座位供45名学生上课。 第三节 形容词、副词的比较等级及其用法 一、原级比较的用法 同级比较句型 肯定:A+动词+as+形容词或副词原级+as+B,表示:A和B一样 否定:A+动词+not as/so +形容词或副词原级+as+B,表示:A不如B 【例】You are as old as I. 你和我同岁。 I am not as tall as you. 我没你高。 当as...as...结中的两个as之间有名词时,应用“as+adj. +a(n)+可数名词单数+as...”或“as many/much/few/little(little意为“小的”时除外)+复数名词/不可数名+as...”结构。 【例】This is as good an example as the other.这个例子和另外一个例子一样好。 Our team has made as much progress as their team.我们团队取得的进步和他们团队的一样多。 二、比较级和最高级的形式 (一)规则变化 单音节词和少数双音节词 一般在词尾加-er,-est tall taller tallest;bright brighter brightest; high higher highest... 以e结尾,加-r,-st late later latest;nice nicer nicest; wide wider widest;large larger largest... 重读闭音节词尾只有一个辅音字母,应先双写辅音字母,再加-er和-est thin thinner thinnest;fat fatter fattest; fit fitter fittest... 辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词,改y为i再加-er,-est 注意:少数以辅音字母+y结尾,可直接加-er,-est heavy heavier heaviest;happy happier happiest; early earlier earliest;busy busier busiest... shy shyer shyest... 以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词,在词尾加-er和-est clever cleverer cleverest;narrow narrower narrowest... 以-able,-ple结尾的双音节词,在词尾加-r和-st able abler ablest;simple simpler simplest... 以ly结尾的副词,多音节词和派生的双音节词前加more,most表“更 ,最 ”或加less,least,表“更不 ,最不 ” beautiful more beautiful most beautiful; delicious less delicious least delicious; quietly more quietly most quietly... (二)不规则变化 形容词原级 形容词比较级 形容词最高级 good/ well(身体好的) better best bad/ ill(身体不舒服的) worse worst many(可数)/ much(不可数) more most little less least far farther表距离和时间/ further表程度 farthest/ furthest old older/ elder oldest/ eldest 副词原级 副词比较级 副词最高级 well好地 better best badly糟糕地 worse worst much非常 more most little少地 less least far远地 farther表距离和时间/ further表程度 farthest/ furthest 三、比较级的用法 (一)形容词或副词比较级+than...(比较级前可加表示程度的状语,如much, still, even, a little, a lot, far, a bit, a great deal等)。 【例】He is much taller than I. 他比我高多了。 (二)形容词或副词比较级+and+形容词或副词比较级,表示“越来越 ”。 【例】Guangzhou has become more and more beautiful. 广州变得越来越漂亮了。 (三)the+形容词或副词比较级 ,the+形容词或副词比较级 ,表示“越 就越 ”。 【例】The more money I have, the happier I am. 钱越多,我就越开心。 (四)表示两者之中“较 ”用the+比较级+of the two+名词。 【例】He is the taller of the two boys. 他是两个男孩中较高的那个。 (五)比较级前可用much, far, a little, slightly, a great/good deal, a lot, rather, even, still等词或短语修饰。 【例】Your bicycle is much better than mine.你的自行车比我的自行车好得多。 This film is far more interesting than that one.这部电影比那部电影有趣得多。 (六)superior, inferior, senior, junior, prior等词本身含有比较意义,其后应用介词to引出比较对象,而不用than。 【例】He pointed out that this idea was superior to that one.他指出这个想法要优于那个想法。 Modern literature is often considered inferior to classical literature. 现代文学常常被认为不如古典文学。 (七)比较级前一般不加定冠词。但是,当句中有“of the two+可数名词复数”时,比较级前面要加the。 【例】Tom is the taller of the two boys.汤姆是这两个男孩儿中比较高的那一个。 四、最高级的用法 (一)在表示对三个或三个以上的人或事物进行比较时,常用以下句型: 1. 主语+连系动词+the+形容词的最高级(+名词)(+比较的范围); 2. 主语+行为动词(+the)+副词的最高级(+比较的范围)。 比较的范围常用among,in或of构成的介词短语来表示,也可通过上下文来表示。 【例】This building is the oldest palace in Paris.这座建筑物是巴黎最古老的宫殿。 She sings (the) best among all the singers in the theater.在这家剧院的所有歌唱家中,她唱得最好。 (二)形容词和副词的最高级可以被much, almost, by far, nearly, by no means, quite, really, very及序数词等修饰,表示程度或顺序。 【例】The building is by far the tallest construction of our city.那栋大楼目前是我市最高的建筑。 Hainan island is the second largest island in China.海南岛是中国的第二大岛。 【注意】有时可以用比较级形式表达最高级的含义,将一个人或物与其他所有的人或物进行比较。此时,比较状语中常有else, the other, any other等词或短语,以将比较主体排除在比较对象之外。如: 【例】He is taller than anyone else in our class. He is taller than the other students in our class. He is taller than any other student in our class. 以上三句话的意思相同,相当于He is the tallest student in our class. 他是我们班最高的学生。 五、倍数的表达方式 (一)A+be+倍数+as+原级+as+B。 【例】Your bedroom is three times as big as mine. 你的卧室是我的三倍大。 (二)A+be+倍数+比较级+than+B。 【例】Your bedroom is twice bigger than mine. 你的卧室比我的大两倍。 (三)A+be+倍数+size/length/height/width... of+B。 【例】The lake is twice the width of that one.这个湖是那个湖的两倍宽。 知识巩固 一、单项选择 1.We don’t have _ money to buy a car. A. enough B. plenty C. as much as D. a lot of 2.You are _ than I. A. older two years B. two years older C. two years bigger D. two years old 3.I have remembered _ English words _ you did last time. A. as many; as B. as more; as C. many; than D. as most; as 4.Please keep _ in the room. The baby is sleeping. A. quite B. quitely C. quiet D. quietly 5.After the game, the school bus took the students _ home. A. back B. off C. out D. over 6.He has made much progress and makes _ mistakes in his homework than before. A. few B. fewer C. many D. more 7.Lucy is one of _ careful students in our class. A. more B. the more C. most D. the most 8.Summer is coming. It’s getting _. A. hot and hot B. cold and cold C. hotter and hotter D. colder and colder 9.Which color do you like _, red or green? A. good B. better C. best D. well 10.However, a few complicated tasks, like visits to the bank and anything else that needs technical terms, are still _ for me. A. attractive B. funny C. boring D. hard 11.The bird king _ and kindly called out to him. A. proudly B. secretly C. politely D. bravely 12.It was _ that he couldn’t finish it by himself. A. a so difficult job B. such a difficult job C. so a difficult job D. such difficult a job 13.She is _woman. A.an attractive Chinese young B.a young attractive Chinese C.a Chinese young attractive D.an attractive young Chinese 14.The cartoon is very_and all of the children are_in it. A.interest; interesting B.interesting; interest C.interested; interesting D.interesting; interested 15.I’m very tired today after cleaning the room thoroughly and I have never had_today. A.as tiring a day as B.as a tiring day as C.tiring as a day as D.day as a tiring as 16.Ten years ago the population of our village was_that of theirs. A.as twice large as B.twice as large as C.twice so much as D.twice as much as 17.Judging from the appearance, Jack looks_Tim. A.twice the weight as B.the weight twice of C.twice as the weight of D.twice the weight of 二、语法填空 1.Strangely, people seem less _ (interest) in the idea. 2.Some patients _ (actual) got worse after receiving the treatment. 3.I was _(frighten) when I heard the accident which happened yesterday. 4._ (obvious), it takes time to get used to senior high school life. 5.Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is_ (clean) than ever. 6.They were also the best and_ (bad) years in my life. 7.Learning these skills at an early age is one of the_ (good) things that could happen to your child. 8.He was advised to smoke fewer cigarettes and drink_ (little) beer. 9.The busier he is, the_(happy) he feels. 10.The_ (hard) you try to beat him, the more likely you will get hit. 11.Actions speak_ (loud) than words. To compliment Huan Huan’s mother’s food, I ate more of it. 12.Even_(bad), I had unthinkingly bought way too much. 13.She says_(little) but does more. 14.It rains_(heavy)today than yesterday. 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$