Unit 10 You’re supposed to shake hands.（人与社会：历史、社会与文化）-【同步拓展阅读】2024-2025学年九年级全一册英语单元阅读深度指导（人教版）

Unit 10 You’re supposed to shake hands. 人与社会：历史、社会与文化 —— 世界主要国家的文化习俗。 目录 内容 板块一 话题短语小知识 板块二 话题经典小故事 板块三 话题时文阅读 板块四 话题题型训练 话题短语小知识 · You can come to China to experience the Spring Festival and I am sure that you will enjoy yourself． 你可以来中国体验春节，我确信你会过得很愉快。 · When in Rome，do as the Romans do，and you will enjoy more during your stay here. 入乡随俗，你会更好地享受这里的生活。 · Chinese do like red，for red stands for happiness and good fortune in Chinese culture. 中国人确实喜欢红色，因为红色在中国文化中象征着幸福和好运。 · Aimed at developing the friendship with other countries and popularizing the Chinese language and culture，we have，in recent years，set up Confucius Institutes all over the world.   为了发展与其他国家的友谊，普及汉语和中华文化，最近几年，我们已经在世界各地建立了孔子学院。 话题小故事1 ——不同的饮食风俗 Different Eating Customs As the saying goes: Bread is the staff of life. Eating is an important part of everyone's life, but what people eat and how they eat vary a lot. 不同的饮食习俗 俗话说：民以食为天。饮食是每个人生活的重要组成部分，但人们吃什么和吃法差异很大。 People around the world eat different kinds of food. It is well known that rice is the main food in many Eastern countries, while bread is more common in Western countries. And it is not just Eastern countries and Western countries that are different, there are also a lot of differences within and between Eastern countries. 世界各地的人们吃不同种类的食物。众所周知，大米是许多东方国家的主要食物，而面包在西方国家更为常见。不仅仅是东方国家和西方国家不同，东方国家内部和之间也存在很多差异。 Nepalese love curry ( 咖喱), while Bangladeshis have more fish than any other meat. Chinese often cook rice and other dishes separately, while Indians prefer to add seasonings (调味品) when they cook rice. 尼泊尔人喜欢咖喱，而孟加拉国人的鱼比其他任何肉类都多。中国人经常分开煮米饭和其他菜肴，而印度人喜欢在煮饭时加入调味料。 The way that people eat differs a lot as well. In Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and Pakistan, people feel comfortable eating with their hands. They have learned and practiced it from a young age. In comparison, people from Vietnam, Thailand, South Korea, Japan, and China use chopsticks. 人们的饮食方式也大不相同。在孟加拉国、印度、尼泊尔和巴基斯坦，人们用手吃东西感觉很舒服。他们从小就学习和实践它。相比之下，来自越南、泰国、韩国、日本和中国的人使用筷子。 People in different countries also have their meals at different times. Having a nice breakfast is how the Chinese start a day. However, a typical Nepalese family does not have breakfast at all. They only enjoy a cup of tea in the morning and have lunch at around 10:00 a.m. 不同国家的人们也在不同的时间吃饭。享用一顿美味的早餐是中国人开始新的一天的方式。然而，一个典型的尼泊尔家庭根本不吃早餐。他们早上只喝一杯茶，上午 10：00 左右吃午饭。 All these various eating customs make up our colorful world. Although every country has its own way to enjoy food, one thing remains the same: the spirit of sharing. No matter where you go, the locals will always treat you warmly and happily invite you to share with them their meals. Sharing food is a common custom of human beings. 所有这些不同的饮食习俗构成了我们丰富多彩的世界。尽管每个国家都有自己的美食享受方式，但有一点是不变的：分享的精神。无论您走到哪里，当地人都会热情地对待您，并愉快地邀请您与他们分享他们的餐点。分享食物是人类的普遍习俗。 文章生词短语 · As the saying goes: Bread is the staff of life. 俗话说：民以食为天。 · vary vi. 变化；违反； vt. 改变；使多样化； · It is well known that 众所周知；大家知道；大家都知道；它的事实是自明的 · separately adv. 分离地；个别地，分别地 · prefer vt. 宁愿；更喜欢；提出；提升 vi. 愿意；喜欢 · comfortable adj. 安逸的, 使人舒服的 丰富的 · from a young age 从小开始 · In comparison adj. 相比之下；与……比较 · typical adj. 典型的；特有的；象征性的 · various adj. 各种各样的；多方面的 · custom n. 风俗；习惯；海关 adj. 定制的，定做的 · make up v. 编造, 弥补, 整理, 和解, 化妆, 拼凑成, 制定 · one thing remains the same 有一件事是不变的 · spirit n. 精神；心灵；志气；烈酒；情绪 vt. 鼓励；鼓舞；诱拐 话题小故事2 ——用餐礼仪 Eat like This! Tasting international food is one of the greatest joys of traveling. But as a visitor to a new country, you may worry that you don’t know table manners when you eat out. Let’s look at common restaurant customs in the following countries. 品尝国际美食是旅行的最大乐趣之一。但作为新国家的游客，您可能会担心外出就餐时不了解餐桌礼仪。让我们看看以下国家/地区的常见餐厅习俗。 France In France, it’s important to be on time for your restaurant booking (预订). Greet the waiter politely; never shout loudly to get his attention. You should order your own main dish, as it’s considered impolite to share one dish. Although it is uncommon to take home leftovers (残羹剩饭), a new law requires that larger restaurants allow it if asked. 在法国，准时预订餐厅很重要。礼貌地向服务员打招呼;永远不要大声喊叫来引起他的注意。你应该点自己的主菜，因为分享一道菜被认为是不礼貌的。虽然将剩饭带回家并不常见，但一项新法律要求，如果提出要求，大型餐厅允许这样做。 Italy At a typical Italian restaurant, a waiter will seat you. It’s fine to share food, but don’t make any special requests when ordering a dish, like asking to add no onions. However, if you happen to have any dietary restrictions , they can usually meet your needs. Try to finish all your food and do not ask to take home leftovers. 在典型的意大利餐厅，服务员会让您入座。分享食物是可以的，但在点菜时不要提出任何特殊要求，比如要求不加洋葱。但是，如果您碰巧有任何 饮食限制 ，它们通常可以满足您的需求。尽量吃完所有的食物，不要要求把剩菜带回家。 Thailand At a formal (正式的) meal, it’s certain that you’ll be told where to sit. Get your waiter’s attention by waving your hand. Like Italian restaurants, sharing food is perfectly fine. If you’re with a group, the older women usually order dishes for the table. 在正式的用餐时，肯定会告诉您坐在哪里。挥手引起服务员的注意。就像意大利餐厅一样，分享食物是完全可以的。如果你和一群人在一起，年长的妇女通常会为餐桌点菜。 When you go to these countries, armed with this knowledge. Then your trip will be full of delicious food and good table manners! 当你带着这些知识去这些国家时。那么，您的旅行将充满美味的食物和良好的餐桌礼仪！ 文章生词短语 · international adj. 国际的, 国际间进行的 · table manners 餐桌礼仪; 餐桌礼节; 饭桌礼仪 · custom n. 风俗；习惯；海关 adj. 定制的，定做的 · on time adv. 准时 · booking 预订 · politely adv. 客气地；委婉地；殷勤地；有礼貌地 · attention n. 注意, 专心, 留心 殷勤, 厚待 · considered impolite to share one dish 共用一道菜被认为是不礼貌的 · leftovers n. (用复数)剩余物;残羹剩菜 (事物、习惯等的)遗留;遗物 · request n. 请求；需要 vt. 要求，请求 · dietary restrictions 饮食限制 · formal adj. 正式的；拘谨的；有条理的 n. 正式的社交活动；夜礼服 · it’s certain that 可以肯定的是 · perfectly fine 非常好 · knowledge n. 了解, 理解 个人的知识[学识, 见闻] 学问 · be full of 充满 时文阅读 01—越南猫年的由来 While most of Asia celebrates the Year of the Rabbit in 2023, Vietnam(越南)celebrates the Year of the Cat. The Vietnamese zodiac（生肖）was first introduced to Vietnam from China. In the Chinese zodiac, there are 12 animals.and the4th animal is the rabbit:while in the Vietnamese zodiac,there is no rabbit,and the 4th position is taken up by the cat.How the cat substituted for the rabbit in the Vietnamese zodiac remains unclear. In China, the story says that the Buddha invited the animals to a river race,and the first 12 to reach the other side of the river would appear in the Chinese zodiac.The cat and the rat decided to walk on the back of an ox because they couldn't swim.But as they were about to reach the finish line,the rat pushed the cat into the water and so the rat won, making the cat and the rat enemies ever since. In Vietnam, the story is different. Emperor Jade organized the race. During the race, the cat won a place. Another explanation would be that most Vietnamese people are farmers,and the rabbit has nothing to do with Vietnamese farmers. Instead,the cat has always been a good friend to farmers,trying to kill the rat that damages their crops. Besides,it's said that replacing the rabbit with the cat in the Vietnamese zodiac might have something to do with language. In old Chinese,there is a word tied to the sign of the rabbit that is pronounced mao. That is similar to mèo,the Vietnamese word for cat. 1.What does the underlined part“substituted for” in the first paragraph mean? A. Played a joke to. B. Got along with. C. Took the place of. D. Competed against. 2.What happened in the Vietnamese zodiac story? A. The cat and the rat became enemies. B. The cat fell into the river in the race. C. The cat pushed the rabbit into the river. D. The cat was the fourth to finish the race. 3.What can we know about the cat according to Paragraph 4? A.It is the rabbit's friend. B.It is helpful to farmers. C. It is often kept as a pet. D. It is in need of protection. 4.How many explanations of the cat in the Vietnamese zodiac are mentioned in the text? A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five. 5.What's the main purpose of the text? A.To compare different traditions and cultures. B. To introduce the history of the Chinese zodiac. C. To show ways of celebrating the New Year. D. To talk about the cat in the Vietnamese zodiac. 时文阅读 02—艺术家用冰演奏音乐 Qingming is one of China's 24 solar terms(节气).It is usually celebrated in early April when the temperature begins to rise and rain begins to increase.It is the right time for farming. Qingming is also a time for Chinese people to honor lost family members.Chinese people will go to tombs(坟墓) of their ancestors around Qingming to pay their respects(敬意)to them. Most of the time, people will go with offerings clean up grass around the tombs and wish for good luck. Qingming was included as a Chinese public holiday in 2008. Chinese people call themselves the descendants(后代) of the Yan Emperor and the Yellow Emperor. A great ceremony is held on Qingming every year in order to remember the Yellow Emperor,also known as the Xuanyuan Emperor.On this day. Chinese from all over the world pay their respects to this ancestor together.This serves as a reminder of the roots of Chinese people and a chance to revisit the civilization(文明)of our ancestors. These traditions often go with an activity:spring outing.The spring sunshine brings everything back to life, and it is a good time to enjoy the beautiful scenes outside. The proper temperature and fresh air are calming and relaxing,making spring outings another choice for those who lead busy modern lives. Qingtuan was first an offering for ancestors during Qingming. As the custom of honoring ancestors has weakened with time,it is now regarded as a popular spring outing snack,especially among people in the south of the Yangtze River. Facts about Qingming Basic information •Qingming is one of China's 24 solar terms. People usually 1 it in early April. A time for farming •Around this time,the temperature begins to rise and rain begins 2 .  A time to 3 the lost •Chinese people will 4 tombs of their ancestors. •Chinese people will usually 5 offerings, clean up grass around the tombs and wish for good luck.  Celebrations Qingming 6 a Chinese public holiday in 2008. •People hold a great ceremony on Qingming to remember the Yellow Emperor. •The ceremony is also to 7 people of the roots of Chinese people. Activities •Spring outings can make people who lead busy  modern lives calm and 8 . Traditional food •In the 9 ,Qingtuan was an offering for ancestors. •Now people 10 Qingtuan as a popular spring outing snack. 话题题型训练板块 Passage A Whether you are teaching an elementary Spanish class or passing on Spanish to your children, it is important to teach children good manners. And there are culturally proper behaviors that children need to know. These five behaviors are considered good manners throughout Latin America. Of course, these are good manners in the US too, but they are not given as much attention because the opposite behavior is not considered particularly rude. In Spanish-speaking countries, however, the opposite behavior is negative and can change the impression people have of children（and adults）! All of these good manners can be practiced by children with different language levels. Good manners to teach kids learning Spanish. · When you hand something to someone, put it directly into her hand. Do not toss things at people. · Keep your feet on the floor. Do not put your feet on chairs. · When you move away from a group of people or leave a room, say con permiso. Do not just walk away. · If someone sneezes, say salud, which means "take care" in English. · When you arrive, greet everyone. When you leave, say goodbye to everyone. There are lots of resources for teaching children good manners in Spanish. Many polite behaviors also involve language. Here you will find resources for teaching polite expressions, including books and a song. There are also YouTube videos that teach polite behaviors. In my experience, kids are interested in what is considered polite behavior in different cultures, and they want to learn to act properly. We work hard teaching them to use Spanish. It is important that they also know how to interact（相互影响）so that others are comfortable and they can make the most of the language they have learned. 1．The passage is written for _________. A．children with different language levels B．teachers who are teaching in the Spanish class C．parents who care about their children's manners D．travelers who will go abroad on holiday 2．The underlined word "toss" in the passage can be replaced by"_________". A．buy B．make C．throw D．send 3．According to the passage, which is considered a proper behavior? A．Jim keeps his feet on his friend's chair. B．Jim leaves his classmate's party without saying anything. C．Jim sneezes, and his friend gets angry with him. D．Jim comes in and says good morning to his classmates. 4．Which is NOT one of the resources for teaching children good manners in Spanish？ A．A language book. B．A song. C．A birthday gift. D．A YouTube video. 5．The best title of the passage can be _______. A．Good Manners for Spanish Learners B．Some Ways of Teaching Children Spanish C．How to Interact with Each Other D．The History of the Spanish Language Passage B I moved to the Spanish capital, Madrid, nearly two months ago. I am here for a year teaching English in a secondary school as a language assistant. Before I arrived, I thought I would be able to adapt to Spanish culture very easily, but my previous(先前的)expectations have been very different from the reality. Firstly, I didn't realise how difficult it would be to adapt to the Spanish day and the timings of meals. Spanish "midday" is at 14:00, meaning lunch is never before then. My expectation was that I'd be eating lunch at 12:00-13:00, but most days it's 15:30 before I eat lunch. Can I really still call this lunch? ! It is the same with dinner or tea. In the UK I eat dinner between 18:00 and 19:00, but now my dinner time is 21:30. The thing I didn't realise is that this affects the Spanish sleeping routine. Eating dinner so late of course means going to bed so much later. It's such a British thing to go to bed at 22:00! Also, because everything happens later in Spain, the evening socialising time, is very late! Most British night clubs, for example, close at 02:00 or 03:00, but here the party is only just starting at 02:00! This is something else that has really surprised me. Queuing politely and being careful around strangers is also something that is very British, something that I only realised when I arrived in Spain. I took it for granted that queuing patiently is the norm, but this isn't the case in Spain. If there's a free table in a restaurant, you quickly take it, even if other people have been waiting longer than you. Moreover, the metro is one big pushing affair. However, the lack of "British politeness" isn't all bad, as it reflects how Spaniards aren't shy in public; being friendly and talking to someone you've never met before is considered normal and is encouraged. Perhaps we'd say that the etiquette of politely queuing in Britain is connected with a culture where interacting(互动)with people you don't know is less common. Finally, the reality of the Spanish diet is very different from my expectations. I never imagined I'd get so many comments and questions from my flatmates about what I'm eating! Yesterday I made a piece of peanut butter on toast, and my flatmate said that this is such a British thing. It's the same with drinking tea. Food products that are so normal in the UK aren't nearly as popular here. 6．The writer went to Madrid to____. A．teach English B．study Spanish C．visit a friend D．study the culture 7．Paragraph 2 &3 talk about____. A．the dinner time B．the sleeping time C．the daily routine D．the social activities 8．It is____for the Spanish to talk with strangers in public. A．common B．impolite C．possible D．crazy 9．The passage mainly talks about____. A．a country with great cultures B．difficulties in living in Spain C．the differences between Britain and Spain D．expectations vs. reality for a British abroad Passage C Most of us don't talk about food until we start feeling hungry, but eating is important in life. To talk about food and eating is to talk about one of the most common subjects we know. Eating is just like breathing or sleeping, so everyday, and so ordinary. It does not receive much notice. However, what, where, when, how, and with whom we eat say a great deal about who we are. Do you use chopsticks? Do you hold the knife backward? Do you chew with your mouth open? All these eating habits say something about you. They are messages even when we are not trying to say anything. Food and the ways we eat it, like clothes and the way we wear them, tell who and what we are. We learn our eating habits very early in life. We usually have strong feelings about our childhood foods. Foods we learn to like in our early years probably have a special meaning for us forever because they are connected to people and things we love. Mom's cheese or the way Dad cuts the bread just right brings about feelings of love and comfort. People use food and eating to mark the seasons and the important moments in life（such as growing up and getting married）, or to honor gods, and to say something about themselves. People will eat different foods for different holidays. Sometimes people ever explain why they eat certain things on certain days. Americans do that sort of explaining at Thanksgiving. They eat turkey, corn, and Indian pudding because their ancestors（祖先）ate them at the first Thanksgiving. Those foods mean something to Americans. As you can see, food and eating mark people's shared experiences, but they can also mark the differences. In the sense, we truly are what we eat. 10．You can probably read the article from a magazine about _________ . A．traveling B．food and culture C．clothes and fashion D．sports 11．Why do people have strong feelings about childhood foods? A．Because the foods may be connected to the beloved people or things. B．Because most of the people like eating cheese and bread. C．Because the cheese made by Mom and Dad tastes delicious. D．Because people learn the eating habits very early. 12．Which of the following shows the proper structure of this passage? A．①②③④/⑤ B．①②/③④⑤ C．①/②/③④/⑤ D．①/②③④/⑤ 13．What does the sentence" we truly are what we eat" mean according to the passage? A．We need to eat healthy food to keep fit. B．The way we eat tells a lot about us. C．We eat some special food on special days. D．It's the food that makes us different. Passage D Table manners are how to behave when you have a meal. They include how to handle knives, forks and spoons and how to eat in a polite manner. To behave well abroad, you should know some table manners. EATING MANNERS Japan: It is "perfectly" okay to slurp when you eat noodles. Unlike making big noises, slurping slightly is not rude. Japanese also say it tastes better if you slurp. Russia: Your wrists should be placed on the edge of the table while eating, fork in the left hand, and knife in the right. It is not good manners to rest them on your lap. Keep your elbows off the table. Leave some food on your plate to show that the host has given you enough to eat. France: Never discuss money or religion over dinner. What is different from the manners in Russia is that finishing everything on your plate is considered good manners. Mexico: Whenever you catch the eye of someone who's eating, even a stranger, it's good manners to say "provecho", which means "enjoy". In Mexico, dining is more than a meal. It's a social occasion--lunches are seldom quick and suppers can last for hours. Before you get seated, look for place cards, or wait until the host seats you. And you must say "enjoy your meal "before you leave the table. DRINKING MANNERS America: If you empty a bottle into someone's glass, it obliges that person to buy the next bottle. It's polite to put the last drops into your own glass. Australia: In a pub it's usual to buy a round of drinks for everyone in your group. When it's your turn, say "It's my round". When it's their round, they will buy it for you. Don't leave before you've bought a round. Japan: Don't fill your own glass of alcohol. Instead, you should pour for others and wait for them to do it for you. 14．When you are in Mexico, you should ______. A．keep silent if you catch the eye of a stranger B．eat as quickly as you can to save your time C．say "enjoy your meal" before you leave the table D．get seated as soon as you arrive 15．When you eat noodles in Japan, you should ______. A．slurp loudly B．slurp slightly C．not make any noise D．make big noises 16．Which of the following can be the best title of this passage? A．Eating Manners B．Drinking Manners C．Table Manners D．Food Manners Passage E Learning the language of a country isn't enough. If you want to have a pleasant visit, find out as much as possible about the 17． and customs of your host country. You will probably be 18． just how different they can be from your own. A visitor to India would do well to remember that people the reconsider it 19． to use the left hand for passing food at table. The left hand is supposed to be 20． for washing yourself. Also in India, you might see a man shaking his 21． at another to show that he doesn't agree. But in many parts of India a shake of the head means 22． Nodding your head when you are given a drink in Bulgaria will most probably 23． you thirsty. In that country, you shake your head to mean" 24． "and a nod means"no". At a meal in Arab countries, you will find that your glass is repeatedly refilled as soon as you 25． up. If you think that you have had enough, you should take the cup or 26． in your hand and give it a little shake from side to side or place your hand over the top. In Europe it's quite usual to 27． your legs when you are sitting and talking to someone even at an important meeting. However, it could bring about 28． in Thailand. Also, you should try to avoid touching the head of an adult — it's just not done in Thailand. 17．A． education B． manners C． life D． transportation 18．A． surprised B． relaxed C． disappointed D． interested 19．A． clever B． impolite C． polite D． acceptable 20．A． used B． known C． left D． remembered 21．A． body B． hands C． legs D． head 22．A． disagreement B． enjoyment C． agreement D． encouragement 23．A． leave B． help C． show D． push 24．A． good B． yes C． right D． wrong 25．A． pick B． stand C． drink D． give 26．A． bowl B． bottle C． glass D． plate 27．A． cross B． lift C． move D． break 28．A． happiness B． trouble C． luck D． chance Passage F In Thailand, people do not eat with chopsticks like in China, Japan, and Korea. They use spoons and forks.　 1 　.Most food is already cut. If you need to cut things, use the side of your spoon first and then use your fork.　 2 　. If you are right-handed, keep the spoon in your right hand and the fork in your left hand. 　 3 　.The rice is not on the same plate with other food. It is not necessary to finish all your rice or all your food. It is good to leave a little on your plate. If you eat up anything,it means you want more. 　 4 　.The host (主人)will ask you twice or three times if you want more food. It is the same with whatever you are drinking. During the meal, never empty your cup or glass. When it is less than half full, your host or neighbor will fill it again.　 5 　. Always refill (再加满) your neighbor's glass. This means that you must keep an eye on your neighbor's glass all through the meal. Passage H How are American families different from Chinese ones? In some ways American families are very different from Chinese ones, and in other ways they are 　 1　 same. For example, American families enjoy family dinners. They support and love each other just 　 2 　 Chinese families do. The 　 3　(different) come from culture, however. Many Chinese students are surprised to learn that American teenagers are 　 4 　(allow) to make many decisions 　 5 　 their own, and the parents want their children to leave home at eighteen. In most American families, children are encouraged to make their own 　6 　(choose) at a young age. They start with small choices and gradually larger ones until they graduate from high school. That is when they face　 7 　(big) decision of their lives: what to do next. Parents and family will help with the choice, but the children themselves make the 　 8 　(finally) decision. Americans seldom move back into family homes 　 9 　 they get older. 　10 　, they prefer to have their own lives for as long as possible. It is important to remember that these are cultural differences, and that Americans see this as part of the culture. Passage I 假如你是王洁，你的美国朋友Jenny发电子邮件想向你了解中国的就餐文化，请你根据电子邮件内容回复她。 Dear Wang Jie, I'm going to China. I will probably be invited to dinner. But I'm worried about what I should and shouldn't do as a guest during the dinner. Please give me some advice. I'm looking forward to your reply. Yours, Jenny 要求：100词左右; 电子邮件的格式、开头及结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jenny, I'm so glad you're coming to China! Before you come you should know about table manners in our country. Here is some advice. . . . . . . . . . I hope this is helpful. E-mail me if you have any other question. Yours, 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 10 You’re supposed to shake hands. 人与社会：历史、社会与文化 —— 世界主要国家的文化习俗。 目录 内容 板块一 话题短语小知识 板块二 话题经典小故事 板块三 话题时文阅读 板块四 话题题型训练 话题短语小知识 · You can come to China to experience the Spring Festival and I am sure that you will enjoy yourself． 你可以来中国体验春节，我确信你会过得很愉快。 · When in Rome，do as the Romans do，and you will enjoy more during your stay here. 入乡随俗，你会更好地享受这里的生活。 · Chinese do like red，for red stands for happiness and good fortune in Chinese culture. 中国人确实喜欢红色，因为红色在中国文化中象征着幸福和好运。 · Aimed at developing the friendship with other countries and popularizing the Chinese language and culture，we have，in recent years，set up Confucius Institutes all over the world.   为了发展与其他国家的友谊，普及汉语和中华文化，最近几年，我们已经在世界各地建立了孔子学院。 话题小故事1 ——不同的饮食风俗 Different Eating Customs As the saying goes: Bread is the staff of life. Eating is an important part of everyone's life, but what people eat and how they eat vary a lot. 不同的饮食习俗 俗话说：民以食为天。饮食是每个人生活的重要组成部分，但人们吃什么和吃法差异很大。 People around the world eat different kinds of food. It is well known that rice is the main food in many Eastern countries, while bread is more common in Western countries. And it is not just Eastern countries and Western countries that are different, there are also a lot of differences within and between Eastern countries. 世界各地的人们吃不同种类的食物。众所周知，大米是许多东方国家的主要食物，而面包在西方国家更为常见。不仅仅是东方国家和西方国家不同，东方国家内部和之间也存在很多差异。 Nepalese love curry ( 咖喱), while Bangladeshis have more fish than any other meat. Chinese often cook rice and other dishes separately, while Indians prefer to add seasonings (调味品) when they cook rice. 尼泊尔人喜欢咖喱，而孟加拉国人的鱼比其他任何肉类都多。中国人经常分开煮米饭和其他菜肴，而印度人喜欢在煮饭时加入调味料。 The way that people eat differs a lot as well. In Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and Pakistan, people feel comfortable eating with their hands. They have learned and practiced it from a young age. In comparison, people from Vietnam, Thailand, South Korea, Japan, and China use chopsticks. 人们的饮食方式也大不相同。在孟加拉国、印度、尼泊尔和巴基斯坦，人们用手吃东西感觉很舒服。他们从小就学习和实践它。相比之下，来自越南、泰国、韩国、日本和中国的人使用筷子。 People in different countries also have their meals at different times. Having a nice breakfast is how the Chinese start a day. However, a typical Nepalese family does not have breakfast at all. They only enjoy a cup of tea in the morning and have lunch at around 10:00 a.m. 不同国家的人们也在不同的时间吃饭。享用一顿美味的早餐是中国人开始新的一天的方式。然而，一个典型的尼泊尔家庭根本不吃早餐。他们早上只喝一杯茶，上午 10：00 左右吃午饭。 All these various eating customs make up our colorful world. Although every country has its own way to enjoy food, one thing remains the same: the spirit of sharing. No matter where you go, the locals will always treat you warmly and happily invite you to share with them their meals. Sharing food is a common custom of human beings. 所有这些不同的饮食习俗构成了我们丰富多彩的世界。尽管每个国家都有自己的美食享受方式，但有一点是不变的：分享的精神。无论您走到哪里，当地人都会热情地对待您，并愉快地邀请您与他们分享他们的餐点。分享食物是人类的普遍习俗。 文章生词短语 · As the saying goes: Bread is the staff of life. 俗话说：民以食为天。 · vary vi. 变化；违反； vt. 改变；使多样化； · It is well known that 众所周知；大家知道；大家都知道；它的事实是自明的 · separately adv. 分离地；个别地，分别地 · prefer vt. 宁愿；更喜欢；提出；提升 vi. 愿意；喜欢 · comfortable adj. 安逸的, 使人舒服的 丰富的 · from a young age 从小开始 · In comparison adj. 相比之下；与……比较 · typical adj. 典型的；特有的；象征性的 · various adj. 各种各样的；多方面的 · custom n. 风俗；习惯；海关 adj. 定制的，定做的 · make up v. 编造, 弥补, 整理, 和解, 化妆, 拼凑成, 制定 · one thing remains the same 有一件事是不变的 · spirit n. 精神；心灵；志气；烈酒；情绪 vt. 鼓励；鼓舞；诱拐 话题小故事2 ——用餐礼仪 Eat like This! Tasting international food is one of the greatest joys of traveling. But as a visitor to a new country, you may worry that you don’t know table manners when you eat out. Let’s look at common restaurant customs in the following countries. 品尝国际美食是旅行的最大乐趣之一。但作为新国家的游客，您可能会担心外出就餐时不了解餐桌礼仪。让我们看看以下国家/地区的常见餐厅习俗。 France In France, it’s important to be on time for your restaurant booking (预订). Greet the waiter politely; never shout loudly to get his attention. You should order your own main dish, as it’s considered impolite to share one dish. Although it is uncommon to take home leftovers (残羹剩饭), a new law requires that larger restaurants allow it if asked. 在法国，准时预订餐厅很重要。礼貌地向服务员打招呼;永远不要大声喊叫来引起他的注意。你应该点自己的主菜，因为分享一道菜被认为是不礼貌的。虽然将剩饭带回家并不常见，但一项新法律要求，如果提出要求，大型餐厅允许这样做。 Italy At a typical Italian restaurant, a waiter will seat you. It’s fine to share food, but don’t make any special requests when ordering a dish, like asking to add no onions. However, if you happen to have any dietary restrictions , they can usually meet your needs. Try to finish all your food and do not ask to take home leftovers. 在典型的意大利餐厅，服务员会让您入座。分享食物是可以的，但在点菜时不要提出任何特殊要求，比如要求不加洋葱。但是，如果您碰巧有任何 饮食限制 ，它们通常可以满足您的需求。尽量吃完所有的食物，不要要求把剩菜带回家。 Thailand At a formal (正式的) meal, it’s certain that you’ll be told where to sit. Get your waiter’s attention by waving your hand. Like Italian restaurants, sharing food is perfectly fine. If you’re with a group, the older women usually order dishes for the table. 在正式的用餐时，肯定会告诉您坐在哪里。挥手引起服务员的注意。就像意大利餐厅一样，分享食物是完全可以的。如果你和一群人在一起，年长的妇女通常会为餐桌点菜。 When you go to these countries, armed with this knowledge. Then your trip will be full of delicious food and good table manners! 当你带着这些知识去这些国家时。那么，您的旅行将充满美味的食物和良好的餐桌礼仪！ 文章生词短语 · international adj. 国际的, 国际间进行的 · table manners 餐桌礼仪; 餐桌礼节; 饭桌礼仪 · custom n. 风俗；习惯；海关 adj. 定制的，定做的 · on time adv. 准时 · booking 预订 · politely adv. 客气地；委婉地；殷勤地；有礼貌地 · attention n. 注意, 专心, 留心 殷勤, 厚待 · considered impolite to share one dish 共用一道菜被认为是不礼貌的 · leftovers n. (用复数)剩余物;残羹剩菜 (事物、习惯等的)遗留;遗物 · request n. 请求；需要 vt. 要求，请求 · dietary restrictions 饮食限制 · formal adj. 正式的；拘谨的；有条理的 n. 正式的社交活动；夜礼服 · it’s certain that 可以肯定的是 · perfectly fine 非常好 · knowledge n. 了解, 理解 个人的知识[学识, 见闻] 学问 · be full of 充满 时文阅读 01—越南猫年的由来 While most of Asia celebrates the Year of the Rabbit in 2023, Vietnam(越南)celebrates the Year of the Cat. The Vietnamese zodiac（生肖）was first introduced to Vietnam from China. In the Chinese zodiac, there are 12 animals.and the4th animal is the rabbit:while in the Vietnamese zodiac,there is no rabbit,and the 4th position is taken up by the cat.How the cat substituted for the rabbit in the Vietnamese zodiac remains unclear. In China, the story says that the Buddha invited the animals to a river race,and the first 12 to reach the other side of the river would appear in the Chinese zodiac.The cat and the rat decided to walk on the back of an ox because they couldn't swim.But as they were about to reach the finish line,the rat pushed the cat into the water and so the rat won, making the cat and the rat enemies ever since. In Vietnam, the story is different. Emperor Jade organized the race. During the race, the cat won a place. Another explanation would be that most Vietnamese people are farmers,and the rabbit has nothing to do with Vietnamese farmers. Instead,the cat has always been a good friend to farmers,trying to kill the rat that damages their crops. Besides,it's said that replacing the rabbit with the cat in the Vietnamese zodiac might have something to do with language. In old Chinese,there is a word tied to the sign of the rabbit that is pronounced mao. That is similar to mèo,the Vietnamese word for cat. 1.What does the underlined part“substituted for” in the first paragraph mean? A. Played a joke to. B. Got along with. C. Took the place of. D. Competed against. 2.What happened in the Vietnamese zodiac story? A. The cat and the rat became enemies. B. The cat fell into the river in the race. C. The cat pushed the rabbit into the river. D. The cat was the fourth to finish the race. 3.What can we know about the cat according to Paragraph 4? A.It is the rabbit's friend. B.It is helpful to farmers. C. It is often kept as a pet. D. It is in need of protection. 4.How many explanations of the cat in the Vietnamese zodiac are mentioned in the text? A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five. 5.What's the main purpose of the text? A.To compare different traditions and cultures. B. To introduce the history of the Chinese zodiac. C. To show ways of celebrating the New Year. D. To talk about the cat in the Vietnamese zodiac. 参考答案： 当大部分亚洲国家庆祝“兔年”时，越南却在庆祝“猫年”。越南生肖是从中国传过去的。那么越南生肖中为什么有“猫”而没有“兔”呢？文章给出了几种解释。 1.C词义猜测题。根据上一句可知，在中国生肖中，排在第四位的是兔子，但是越南生肖中没有兔子，第四位由猫占据。由此可推知，substitute for 与 take the place of 意思相近，意为“代替”。 2.D推理判断题。根据第三段第三句“During the race,the cat won a place.”可知，在越南关于生肖的传说中，猫在比赛中赢得了一席之地。结合第一段倒数第二句中的“while in the Vietnamese zodiac,there is no rabbit,and the 4th position is taken up by the cat”可知，猫在越南生肖中排名第四。由此可推知，猫是第四个完成比赛的。 3.B 推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句"Instead,the cat has always been a good friend to farmers, trying to kill the rat that damages their crops.”可知，猫是农民的好朋友，它抓破坏庄稼的老鼠，所以它对农民有帮助。 4.B 细节理解题。通读全文可知，关于越南生肖中有猫这件事，文章给出了三种解释：传说在动物比赛中猫赢得了一席之地；猫抓破坏庄稼的老鼠，是农民的好朋友；“卯”与越南语中“猫”的读音类似。 5.D 推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章针对越南生肖中有猫的原因给出了几种解释，故D项“谈论越南生肖中的猫”为本文的主要写作目的。 时文阅读 02—艺术家用冰演奏音乐 Qingming is one of China's 24 solar terms(节气).It is usually celebrated in early April when the temperature begins to rise and rain begins to increase.It is the right time for farming. Qingming is also a time for Chinese people to honor lost family members.Chinese people will go to tombs(坟墓) of their ancestors around Qingming to pay their respects(敬意)to them. Most of the time, people will go with offerings clean up grass around the tombs and wish for good luck. Qingming was included as a Chinese public holiday in 2008. Chinese people call themselves the descendants(后代) of the Yan Emperor and the Yellow Emperor. A great ceremony is held on Qingming every year in order to remember the Yellow Emperor,also known as the Xuanyuan Emperor.On this day. Chinese from all over the world pay their respects to this ancestor together.This serves as a reminder of the roots of Chinese people and a chance to revisit the civilization(文明)of our ancestors. These traditions often go with an activity:spring outing.The spring sunshine brings everything back to life, and it is a good time to enjoy the beautiful scenes outside. The proper temperature and fresh air are calming and relaxing,making spring outings another choice for those who lead busy modern lives. Qingtuan was first an offering for ancestors during Qingming. As the custom of honoring ancestors has weakened with time,it is now regarded as a popular spring outing snack,especially among people in the south of the Yangtze River. Facts about Qingming Basic information •Qingming is one of China's 24 solar terms. People usually 1 it in early April. A time for farming •Around this time,the temperature begins to rise and rain begins 2 .  A time to 3 the lost •Chinese people will 4 tombs of their ancestors. •Chinese people will usually 5 offerings, clean up grass around the tombs and wish for good luck.  Celebrations Qingming 6 a Chinese public holiday in 2008. •People hold a great ceremony on Qingming to remember the Yellow Emperor. •The ceremony is also to 7 people of the roots of Chinese people. Activities •Spring outings can make people who lead busy  modern lives calm and 8 . Traditional food •In the 9 ,Qingtuan was an offering for ancestors. •Now people 10 Qingtuan as a popular spring outing snack. 【答案】  清明是二十四节气之一，也是祭祖和扫墓的日子。2008年，清明节正式成为法定节假日，人们在清明节这一天举行仪式来纪念黄帝。清明时节的天气很适合春游。清明时节的传统美食是青团，青团最初是给祖先的祭品，现在它被认为是一种受欢迎的春游小吃。 1. celebrate根据第一段第二句中的“It is usually celebrated in early April”可知，人们通常在四月初庆祝清明节，此处在陈述客观事实，且主语为People，故填celebrate。 2.increasing 根据第一段第二句中的“and rain begins to increase”可知，此处指大约在这个时候，气温开始上升，雨水开始增多。begindoing sth.为固定短语，意为“开始做某事”，故填increasing。 3.honor 根据第二段第一句“Qingming is also a time for Chinese people to honor lost family members.”可知，清明节也是中国人纪念逝去的亲人的日子。由此可推知，此处指一个纪念逝者的时节，故填honor。 4. visit 根据第二段第二句“Chinese people will go to tombs of their ancestors around Qingming to pay their respects to them.”可知，中国人会在清明前后去祖先的坟墓祭拜他们。由此可推知，此处指中国人会拜访他们祖先的坟墓。visit“拜访”，符合语境。 5.bring/take 根据第二段第三句中的“Most of the time,people will go with offerings"可知，大多数时候，人们会带着祭品前去。由此可推知，此处指人们通常会带着祭品，故填bring或take。 6. became 根据第三段第一句“Qingming was included as a Chinese public holiday in 2008.”可知，此处指清明节于2008年成为法定节假日，become“成为”，符合语境。此处描述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，故填became。 7. remind根据第三段最后一句“This serves as a reminder of the roots of Chinese people and a chance to revisit the civilization of our ancestors.”可知，这个时节让中国人想起自己的根，也是我们重温祖先文明的机会。由此可推知，此处指这个仪式也是为了让中国人想起自己的根。空前的to为不定式符号，故填remind。 8. relaxed 根据第四段第三句“The proper temperature and fresh air are calming and relaxing,making spring outings another choice for those who lead busy modern lives.”可知，此处指春游可以让过着忙碌的现代生活的人平静而放松，故填relaxed。 9.beginning 根据最后一段第一句“Qingtuan was first an offering for ancestors during Qingming.”可知，此处指最初，青团是清明期间给祖先的一种祭品。in the beginning 为固定短语，意为“起初”，与first同义。 10.regard 根据最后一段第二句中的“it is now regarded as a popular spring outing snack"可知，现在它被认为是一种受欢迎的春游小吃。由此可推知，此处指现在人们把青团视作一种流行的春游小吃。本句描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，且主语people 表示复数含义，故填regard。 话题题型训练板块 Passage A Whether you are teaching an elementary Spanish class or passing on Spanish to your children, it is important to teach children good manners. And there are culturally proper behaviors that children need to know. These five behaviors are considered good manners throughout Latin America. Of course, these are good manners in the US too, but they are not given as much attention because the opposite behavior is not considered particularly rude. In Spanish-speaking countries, however, the opposite behavior is negative and can change the impression people have of children（and adults）! All of these good manners can be practiced by children with different language levels. Good manners to teach kids learning Spanish. · When you hand something to someone, put it directly into her hand. Do not toss things at people. · Keep your feet on the floor. Do not put your feet on chairs. · When you move away from a group of people or leave a room, say con permiso. Do not just walk away. · If someone sneezes, say salud, which means "take care" in English. · When you arrive, greet everyone. When you leave, say goodbye to everyone. There are lots of resources for teaching children good manners in Spanish. Many polite behaviors also involve language. Here you will find resources for teaching polite expressions, including books and a song. There are also YouTube videos that teach polite behaviors. In my experience, kids are interested in what is considered polite behavior in different cultures, and they want to learn to act properly. We work hard teaching them to use Spanish. It is important that they also know how to interact（相互影响）so that others are comfortable and they can make the most of the language they have learned. 1．The passage is written for _________. A．children with different language levels B．teachers who are teaching in the Spanish class C．parents who care about their children's manners D．travelers who will go abroad on holiday 2．The underlined word "toss" in the passage can be replaced by"_________". A．buy B．make C．throw D．send 3．According to the passage, which is considered a proper behavior? A．Jim keeps his feet on his friend's chair. B．Jim leaves his classmate's party without saying anything. C．Jim sneezes, and his friend gets angry with him. D．Jim comes in and says good morning to his classmates. 4．Which is NOT one of the resources for teaching children good manners in Spanish？ A．A language book. B．A song. C．A birthday gift. D．A YouTube video. 5．The best title of the passage can be _______. A．Good Manners for Spanish Learners B．Some Ways of Teaching Children Spanish C．How to Interact with Each Other D．The History of the Spanish Language 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．C 5．A 【解析】【分析】不管你的孩子是在学习西班牙语，还是你把西班牙语传给你的孩子，教育孩子礼貌是很重要的。这篇短文给我们介绍了五种被认为礼貌的行为。 1．推理判断题。根据短文开头Whether you are teaching an elementary Spanish class or passing on Spanish to your children, it is important to teach children good manners可知，这篇短文是写给教孩子学习西班牙语的老师或把西班牙语传给孩子的家长。结合选项，故选：B。 2．词义猜测题。根据语境When you hand something to someone, put it directly into her hand. Do not toss things at people.可知，给别人递东西的时候，应直接放在她的手里，不能……东西。buy买；make制作；使；throw扔；send寄，送。故选：C。 3．细节理解题。根据短文中第五个礼貌行为When you arrive, greet everyone.可知，当你来的时候，要问候所有人，因此D选项“Jim进来了，跟他的同学们问候早上好”，符合文意，故选：D。 4．细节理解题。根据短文第五段中Many polite behaviors also involve language. Here you will find resources for teaching polite expressions, including books and a song. There are also You Tube videos that teach polite behaviors可知，这些资源包括书籍、歌曲已经优酷上的视频。故A、B、D都对，故选：C。 5．主旨大意题。根据短文第一段最后一句话And there are culturally appropriate（恰当的）behaviors that children need to know.以及短文第四段Good manners to teach kids learning Spanish.可知，这篇短文介绍的是学习西班牙语的孩子们应该知道的礼貌行为。故选：A。 Passage B I moved to the Spanish capital, Madrid, nearly two months ago. I am here for a year teaching English in a secondary school as a language assistant. Before I arrived, I thought I would be able to adapt to Spanish culture very easily, but my previous(先前的)expectations have been very different from the reality. Firstly, I didn't realise how difficult it would be to adapt to the Spanish day and the timings of meals. Spanish "midday" is at 14:00, meaning lunch is never before then. My expectation was that I'd be eating lunch at 12:00-13:00, but most days it's 15:30 before I eat lunch. Can I really still call this lunch? ! It is the same with dinner or tea. In the UK I eat dinner between 18:00 and 19:00, but now my dinner time is 21:30. The thing I didn't realise is that this affects the Spanish sleeping routine. Eating dinner so late of course means going to bed so much later. It's such a British thing to go to bed at 22:00! Also, because everything happens later in Spain, the evening socialising time, is very late! Most British night clubs, for example, close at 02:00 or 03:00, but here the party is only just starting at 02:00! This is something else that has really surprised me. Queuing politely and being careful around strangers is also something that is very British, something that I only realised when I arrived in Spain. I took it for granted that queuing patiently is the norm, but this isn't the case in Spain. If there's a free table in a restaurant, you quickly take it, even if other people have been waiting longer than you. Moreover, the metro is one big pushing affair. However, the lack of "British politeness" isn't all bad, as it reflects how Spaniards aren't shy in public; being friendly and talking to someone you've never met before is considered normal and is encouraged. Perhaps we'd say that the etiquette of politely queuing in Britain is connected with a culture where interacting(互动)with people you don't know is less common. Finally, the reality of the Spanish diet is very different from my expectations. I never imagined I'd get so many comments and questions from my flatmates about what I'm eating! Yesterday I made a piece of peanut butter on toast, and my flatmate said that this is such a British thing. It's the same with drinking tea. Food products that are so normal in the UK aren't nearly as popular here. 6．The writer went to Madrid to____. A．teach English B．study Spanish C．visit a friend D．study the culture 7．Paragraph 2 &3 talk about____. A．the dinner time B．the sleeping time C．the daily routine D．the social activities 8．It is____for the Spanish to talk with strangers in public. A．common B．impolite C．possible D．crazy 9．The passage mainly talks about____. A．a country with great cultures B．difficulties in living in Spain C．the differences between Britain and Spain D．expectations vs. reality for a British abroad 【答案】6．A 7．C 8．A 9．D 【解析】【分析】本文主要讨论了在国外的英国人的期望与现实。 6．细节理解题，根据句子I am here for a year teaching English in a secondary school as a language assistant. 我在这里作为语言助理在一所中学教英语一年。可知作者去马德里教英语，故选A。 7．段落大意题，根据句子Firstly, I didn't realise how difficult it would be to adapt to the Spanish day and the timings of meals. Spanish "midday" is at 14:00, meaning lunch is never before then. My expectation was that I'd be eating lunch at 12:00-13:00, but most days it's 15:30 before I eat lunch. 首先，我没有意识到要适应西班牙的生活和进餐时间是多么困难。西班牙语的"中午"是在14:00，意思是午餐不会早于14:00。我的预期是在12:00-13:00吃午饭，但大多数时候是15:30才吃午饭。可推知第二段和第三段谈论的是日常生活，故选C。 8．细节理解题，根据句子being friendly and talking to someone you've never met before is considered normal and is encouraged. 友好地和从未见过的人交谈被认为是正常的，也是被鼓励的。可知西班牙人在公共场合与陌生人交谈是很常见的，故选A。 9．主旨大意题，根据句子Finally, the reality of the Spanish diet is very different from my expectations. I never imagined I'd get so many comments and questions from my flatmates about what I'm eating! 最后，西班牙饮食的实际情况与我的预期大不相同。我从来没有想过我的室友会对我吃的东西提出这么多的评论和问题！可知这篇文章主要讨论了在国外的英国人的期望与现实，故选D。 Passage C Most of us don't talk about food until we start feeling hungry, but eating is important in life. To talk about food and eating is to talk about one of the most common subjects we know. Eating is just like breathing or sleeping, so everyday, and so ordinary. It does not receive much notice. However, what, where, when, how, and with whom we eat say a great deal about who we are. Do you use chopsticks? Do you hold the knife backward? Do you chew with your mouth open? All these eating habits say something about you. They are messages even when we are not trying to say anything. Food and the ways we eat it, like clothes and the way we wear them, tell who and what we are. We learn our eating habits very early in life. We usually have strong feelings about our childhood foods. Foods we learn to like in our early years probably have a special meaning for us forever because they are connected to people and things we love. Mom's cheese or the way Dad cuts the bread just right brings about feelings of love and comfort. People use food and eating to mark the seasons and the important moments in life（such as growing up and getting married）, or to honor gods, and to say something about themselves. People will eat different foods for different holidays. Sometimes people ever explain why they eat certain things on certain days. Americans do that sort of explaining at Thanksgiving. They eat turkey, corn, and Indian pudding because their ancestors（祖先）ate them at the first Thanksgiving. Those foods mean something to Americans. As you can see, food and eating mark people's shared experiences, but they can also mark the differences. In the sense, we truly are what we eat. 10．You can probably read the article from a magazine about _________ . A．traveling B．food and culture C．clothes and fashion D．sports 11．Why do people have strong feelings about childhood foods? A．Because the foods may be connected to the beloved people or things. B．Because most of the people like eating cheese and bread. C．Because the cheese made by Mom and Dad tastes delicious. D．Because people learn the eating habits very early. 12．Which of the following shows the proper structure of this passage? A．①②③④/⑤ B．①②/③④⑤ C．①/②/③④/⑤ D．①/②③④/⑤ 13．What does the sentence" we truly are what we eat" mean according to the passage? A．We need to eat healthy food to keep fit. B．The way we eat tells a lot about us. C．We eat some special food on special days. D．It's the food that makes us different. 【答案】10．B 11．A 12．C 13．B 【解析】【分析】这篇文章介绍了我们中大多数人直到感到饥饿时才会考虑食物，但是饮食在生命中是最重要的。对饮食和食物的讨论是我们现在所知的最基本的话题之一。本文结合食物和饮食习惯从小养成，反映出我们一些信息说明食物和饮食习惯会体现我们是怎样的人。 10．细节推理题。根据第一段To talk about food and eating is to talk about one of the most common subjects we know. Eating is just like breathing or sleeping, so everyday, and so ordinary.可知食物非常重要。根据第四段People will eat different foods for different holidays. Sometimes people ever explain why they eat certain things on certain days. Americans do that sort of explaining at Thanksgiving. They eat turkey, corn, and Indian pudding because their ancestors（祖先）ate them at the first Thanksgiving. Those foods mean something to Americans. 可知，饮食和文化有关。最后一段As you can see, food and eating mark people's shared experiences, but they can also mark the differences. In the sense, we truly are what we eat.可知，文章主要是说食物和饮食习惯方面的，由此可知，你可能在一本有关食物和文化的杂志上读到这篇文章，故选：B。 11．细节题。根据第三段 Foods we learn to like in our early years probably have a special meaning for us forever because they are connected to people and things we love. 我们童年喜欢的食物可能对我们永远都有着特殊的意义，因为它们与我们所爱的人和事物息息相关。可知，人们对童年的食物有着强烈的情感是因为这些食物与我们所爱的人和事物相关。故选：A。 12．篇章结构题。根据文章的描述可以看出，第一段总的指出食物和饮食没有引起人们的重视；第二段指出通过食物和饮食习惯告诉我们是谁和我们是什么样的人；第三四段分别介绍人们饮食习惯很早就已经养成了，人们用食物和食物来纪念季节和生命中的重要时刻；最后一段再次总结食物和饮食习惯标志着人们的不同的经历，所以四个选项中C选项比较符合，故选：C。 13．句意猜测题。根据前句As you can see, food and eating mark people's shared experiences, but they can also mark the differences.可知，这里说的是食物和饮食习惯能够反映出我们是什么样的人，通过我们的饮食方式可以告诉我们很多关于我们的事情。故选：B。 Passage D Table manners are how to behave when you have a meal. They include how to handle knives, forks and spoons and how to eat in a polite manner. To behave well abroad, you should know some table manners. EATING MANNERS Japan: It is "perfectly" okay to slurp when you eat noodles. Unlike making big noises, slurping slightly is not rude. Japanese also say it tastes better if you slurp. Russia: Your wrists should be placed on the edge of the table while eating, fork in the left hand, and knife in the right. It is not good manners to rest them on your lap. Keep your elbows off the table. Leave some food on your plate to show that the host has given you enough to eat. France: Never discuss money or religion over dinner. What is different from the manners in Russia is that finishing everything on your plate is considered good manners. Mexico: Whenever you catch the eye of someone who's eating, even a stranger, it's good manners to say "provecho", which means "enjoy". In Mexico, dining is more than a meal. It's a social occasion--lunches are seldom quick and suppers can last for hours. Before you get seated, look for place cards, or wait until the host seats you. And you must say "enjoy your meal "before you leave the table. DRINKING MANNERS America: If you empty a bottle into someone's glass, it obliges that person to buy the next bottle. It's polite to put the last drops into your own glass. Australia: In a pub it's usual to buy a round of drinks for everyone in your group. When it's your turn, say "It's my round". When it's their round, they will buy it for you. Don't leave before you've bought a round. Japan: Don't fill your own glass of alcohol. Instead, you should pour for others and wait for them to do it for you. 14．When you are in Mexico, you should ______. A．keep silent if you catch the eye of a stranger B．eat as quickly as you can to save your time C．say "enjoy your meal" before you leave the table D．get seated as soon as you arrive 15．When you eat noodles in Japan, you should ______. A．slurp loudly B．slurp slightly C．not make any noise D．make big noises 16．Which of the following can be the best title of this passage? A．Eating Manners B．Drinking Manners C．Table Manners D．Food Manners 【答案】14．C 15．B 16．C 【解析】【分析】主要讲了要在国外举止得体，你应该懂得的一些餐桌礼仪。 14．细节题。根据And you must say "enjoy your meal "before you leave the table.可知离开餐桌前，你必须说“祝你用餐愉快”，故选C。 15．细节题。根据slurping slightly is not rude.可知轻微的咕哝并不粗鲁，故选B。 16．主旨题。根据全文可知主要讲了要在国外举止得体，你应该懂得的一些餐桌礼仪，故选C。 Passage E Learning the language of a country isn't enough. If you want to have a pleasant visit, find out as much as possible about the 17． and customs of your host country. You will probably be 18． just how different they can be from your own. A visitor to India would do well to remember that people the reconsider it 19． to use the left hand for passing food at table. The left hand is supposed to be 20． for washing yourself. Also in India, you might see a man shaking his 21． at another to show that he doesn't agree. But in many parts of India a shake of the head means 22． Nodding your head when you are given a drink in Bulgaria will most probably 23． you thirsty. In that country, you shake your head to mean" 24． "and a nod means"no". At a meal in Arab countries, you will find that your glass is repeatedly refilled as soon as you 25． up. If you think that you have had enough, you should take the cup or 26． in your hand and give it a little shake from side to side or place your hand over the top. In Europe it's quite usual to 27． your legs when you are sitting and talking to someone even at an important meeting. However, it could bring about 28． in Thailand. Also, you should try to avoid touching the head of an adult — it's just not done in Thailand. 17．A． education B． manners C． life D． transportation 18．A． surprised B． relaxed C． disappointed D． interested 19．A． clever B． impolite C． polite D． acceptable 20．A． used B． known C． left D． remembered 21．A． body B． hands C． legs D． head 22．A． disagreement B． enjoyment C． agreement D． encouragement 23．A． leave B． help C． show D． push 24．A． good B． yes C． right D． wrong 25．A． pick B． stand C． drink D． give 26．A． bowl B． bottle C． glass D． plate 27．A． cross B． lift C． move D． break 28．A． happiness B． trouble C． luck D． chance 【答案】17．B；18．A；19．B；20．A；21．D；22．C；23．C；24．B；25．C；26．C；27．A；28．B 【解析】【分析】本文讲述了为了愉快的旅行，了解东道国的文化和习俗非常重要。在不同的文化中，人们的行为和习惯可能截然不同。文章还提到了在某些情况下，一些行为可能会被视为不礼貌或冒犯。 17．句意：如果你想有一个愉快的旅行，尽可能了解你所在国家的礼仪和习俗。A教育，B礼仪，C生活，D交通，根据customs of your host country，可知是礼仪和习俗，故选B。 18．句意：你可能会惊讶地发现，它们与你自己国家的礼仪和习俗有多么不同。A惊讶的，B轻松的，C失望的，D感兴趣的，根据how different they can be from your own，可知这种不同使人惊讶，故选A。 19．句意：去印度的游客应该记住，人们认为在餐桌上用左手传递食物是不礼貌的。A聪明的，B不礼貌的，C有礼貌的， D可以接受的，根据use the left hand for passing food at table，可知在印度这样不礼貌，故选B。 20．句意：左手应该用来洗手。A使用，B知道，C离开，D记得，根据use the left hand，可知表示用途，故选A。 21．句意：在印度，你可能会看到一个人摇头表示不同意。A身体，B手，C腿，D头，根据shake，可知是摇头，故选D。 22．句意：在印度，你可能会看到一个人摇头表示不同意。A不同意，B享受，C同意，D鼓励，根据在印度，你可能会看到一个人摇头表示不同意，but，可知表示转折关系，故此处是同意，故选C。 23．句意：在保加利亚，当有人给你饮料时，点头很可能表明你渴了。A离开，B帮助，C表示，D推，根据Nodding your head，可知是一种表示的信号，故选C。 24．句意：在那个国家，你摇头表示"是"，点头表示"不"。A好的，B是的，C对的，D错误的，根据and a nod means"no"，可知摇头表示"是"，故选B。 25．句意：在阿拉伯国家吃饭时，你会发现你的杯子一喝完就被不断地续满。A拾起，B站立，C喝，D给，根据your glass is repeatedly refilled，可知是喝光后立即别填满，drink up，固定搭配，喝光，故选C。 26．句意：如果你觉得自己已经喝够了，你应该拿起杯子或酒杯，轻轻地左右摇晃一下，或者把手放在杯口上。碗，B瓶，C玻璃杯，D盘子，根据，take the cup or，可知酒杯，故用glass，故选C。 27．句意：在欧洲，即使在重要会议上，当你坐着与某人交谈时，交叉双腿也是很常见的。A交叉，B举起，C移动，D打破，根据sit和legs，可知是坐着时交叉双腿，故选A。 28．句意：然而，这可能会给泰国带来麻烦。A幸福，B麻烦，C运气，D机会，根据you should try to avoid touching the head of an adult —— it's just not done in Thailand你应该尽量避免触摸成年人的头部——只是在泰国不要这样做，是会带来麻烦，可知故选B。 Passage F In Thailand, people do not eat with chopsticks like in China, Japan, and Korea. They use spoons and forks.　 1 　.Most food is already cut. If you need to cut things, use the side of your spoon first and then use your fork.　 2 　. If you are right-handed, keep the spoon in your right hand and the fork in your left hand. 　 3 　.The rice is not on the same plate with other food. It is not necessary to finish all your rice or all your food. It is good to leave a little on your plate. If you eat up anything,it means you want more. 　 4 　.The host (主人)will ask you twice or three times if you want more food. It is the same with whatever you are drinking. During the meal, never empty your cup or glass. When it is less than half full, your host or neighbor will fill it again.　 5 　. Always refill (再加满) your neighbor's glass. This means that you must keep an eye on your neighbor's glass all through the meal. A. They never use knives B. Never fill your own glass C. People always offer you more food D. Remember to fill your bowl in time E. People often eat from the same bowl F. The spoon is more important than the fork G. People usually have rice in a different bowl 【答案】A；F；G；C；B （1）根据下文.Most food is already cut.大多数的食物已经被切好及If you need to cut things, use the side of your spoon first and then use your fork.如果你需要切食物，首先使用勺子再使用叉子，可知这里的人们从不用刀子。故选A。 （2）根据上文If you need to cut things, use the side of your spoon first and then use your fork.如果你需要切食物，首先使用勺子再使用叉子，可知勺子比叉子更重要。故选F。 （3）根据下文The rice is not on the same plate with other food. 米饭不跟其他食物放在同一个碟子上，可知米饭装在不同的碗里。故选G。 （4）根据下文The host (主人)will ask you twice or three times if you want more food.主人会反复问你是否需要更多的食物可知，那里的人们经常会提供很多的食物。故选C。 （5）由下文When it is less than half full, your host or neighbor will fill it again.当杯子半满的时候，主人或隔壁的客人会再把它装满，可知客人不要自己把杯子装满。故选B。 Passage H How are American families different from Chinese ones? In some ways American families are very different from Chinese ones, and in other ways they are 　 1　 same. For example, American families enjoy family dinners. They support and love each other just 　 2 　 Chinese families do. The 　 3　(different) come from culture, however. Many Chinese students are surprised to learn that American teenagers are 　 4 　(allow) to make many decisions 　 5 　 their own, and the parents want their children to leave home at eighteen. In most American families, children are encouraged to make their own 　6 　(choose) at a young age. They start with small choices and gradually larger ones until they graduate from high school. That is when they face　 7 　(big) decision of their lives: what to do next. Parents and family will help with the choice, but the children themselves make the 　 8 　(finally) decision. Americans seldom move back into family homes 　 9 　 they get older. 　10 　, they prefer to have their own lives for as long as possible. It is important to remember that these are cultural differences, and that Americans see this as part of the culture. 【答案】the；as；differences；allowed；on；choices；the biggest；final；when；Instead 【解析】【分析】本文介绍了美国家庭和中国家庭的不同。 （1）句意： 在某些方面，美国家庭与中国家庭非常不同，而在其他方面，他们是一样的。be the same，固定搭配，相同，故填the。 （2）句意： 他们互相支持和爱，就像中国家庭一样。just as引导方式状语从句，像……一样，故填as。 （3）句意：然而又有文化的不同。the定冠词后是名词，根据谓语是动词原形come，可知主语是名词复数，different是形容词，difference是名词，故填differences。 （4）句意： 许多中国学生惊讶地发现，美国青少年允许自己做很多决定，父母希望他们的孩子在18岁离开家。be allowed to do，固定搭配，允许做某事，故填allowed。 （5）句意：许多中国学生惊讶地发现，美国青少年允许自己做很多决定，父母希望他们的孩子在18岁离开家。make decisions on sth，固定搭配，做关于……的决定，故填on。 （6）句意： 在大多数美国家庭中，孩子们被鼓励在年幼时做出自己的选择。their形容词性物主代词后是名词，此处表示泛指用名词复数，choose是动词，choice是名词，故填choices。 （7）句意：那是他们面临人生最大的决定：下一步该做什么。根据 of their lives 可知是最高级的比较范围，big是形容词，最高级前要有the定冠词，故填the bigges （8）句意： 父母和家人会帮助他们做出选择，但是孩子自己会做出最后的决定。 decision是名词其前是形容词，finally是副词，final是形容词，故填final。 （9）句意： 美国人很少在他们长大后搬回家里。根据 move back into family homes 和they get older 可知此处是时间状语从句，故表示当……的时候，故是连词when，故填when。 （10）句意： 相反他们更喜欢尽可能长久地拥有自己的生活。此处是副词位于句首， move back into family homes 搬回家和prefer to have their own lives 拥有自己的生活，表示相反的两种结果，故填Instead。 Passage I 假如你是王洁，你的美国朋友Jenny发电子邮件想向你了解中国的就餐文化，请你根据电子邮件内容回复她。 Dear Wang Jie, I'm going to China. I will probably be invited to dinner. But I'm worried about what I should and shouldn't do as a guest during the dinner. Please give me some advice. I'm looking forward to your reply. Yours, Jenny 要求：100词左右; 电子邮件的格式、开头及结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jenny, I'm so glad you're coming to China! Before you come you should know about table manners in our country. Here is some advice. . . . . . . . . . I hope this is helpful. E-mail me if you have any other question. Yours, Wang Jie 【答案】Dear Jenny, I'm so glad you're coming to China! Before you come you should know about table manners in our country. Here is some advice. If you're invited todinner, there will be a lot of different dishes, not just three courses. You may find it difficult to use chopsticks if you haven't tried before. It's a good idea to get some practice before you come. When the food is served, you should wait until you're invited to eat. The plates will be placed in the middle of the table for everyone to share. Take a little of everything and then have some more of the things you like. During the meal, you should say how much you like it because it takes the hosts much time to prepare it. I hope this is helpful. E-mail me if you have any other question. Yours, Wang Jie 【知识点】应用文写作；书信、电子邮件 【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文写作，要求针对詹妮来信中提到的问题，给予回复，在信中向她介绍有关的中国的餐桌礼仪。在写作时应根据自己的了解详细介绍在餐桌上应该所得和不应该做的事，尽力将事情说清楚，最大限度帮助詹妮。时态为一般现在时，人称为第二人称，文章中应多用情态动词should。 【点评】信件中首先回复了对方故使用筷子的问题，很好。这是外国人来中国必须要面对的问题。让后介绍了上好菜时要等着别人要求才能开吃，这也是中国人的一种习惯，同时告知对方，要把所有的d菜都少取一点，然后再多吃自己喜欢的，同时告知了对方在就餐期间应该告知主人你是多么喜欢这饭菜。这样主人会很高兴。文章叙事清晰，说理性强，能给詹妮起到帮助作用。在语言使用上也非常到位，比如短语的使用：know about了解；a lot of许多；in the middle of在……中间等等。句式上运用的也很好： It's a good idea to get some practice before you come. 动词不定式做主语的句式；When the food is served, you should wait until you're invited to eat. 时间状语从句； I hope this is helpful. E-mail me if you have any other question.条件状语从句。总体上看内容充实使用，句式使用合理得当，是一篇不错的范文。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$