内容正文:
第11讲 词性转换
一、考情分析
(一)考情分析
1.高频考点
词性转换是中考英语的常见考点,近三年各地中考均有涉及。主要集中在动词、名词、形容词和副词之间的相互转换,如动词变名词、形容词变副词等.
2.能力考查
重点考查学生对词汇的掌握程度,以及能否根据句子结构和语境准确判断所需单词的词性并进行正确转换,体现了对学生语法运用和语言综合能力的要求.
3.语境化趋势
题目通常设置在具体的语境中,让学生根据上下文的逻辑和语义来确定单词的正确形式,单纯考查词形变化的题目逐渐减少,更注重学生对语言的实际运用能力.
(二)常见题型
1.用所给单词的适当形式填空
这是最常见的题型,一般会给出一个句子,其中有一个单词需要根据语境和句子结构转换为适当的词性进行填空。
例如:He is so ______ (care) that he always makes mistakes in his homework.
答案:careless。
解析:根据后文makes mistakes可知他很粗心,care的形容词形式为careless,表示粗心的
The ______ (develop) of our country is becoming faster and faster.
答案:development。
解析:此处需要一个名词来作主语,develop的名词形式是development,意为发展
2.单项选择题
给出四个选项,要求学生选择单词的正确形式来完成句子。
例如:She is a ______ girl and she always smiles.
A. happy B. happily C. happiness D. unhappiness
答案:A
解析:此处需要一个形容词来修饰名词girl,happy是形容词,意为快乐的,符合语境.
We should speak to the old ______.
A. polite B. politely C. impolite D. impolitely
答案:B
解析:此处需要一个副词来修饰动词speak,politely是polite的副词形式,意为有礼貌地
3.完形填空题
在一篇短文的空白处,要求学生根据上下文和句子的逻辑关系,选择单词的正确形式填空。
例如:I was really ______ (excite) when I heard the good news.
答案:excited
解析:此处表示人的感受,excite的形容词形式excited意为感到兴奋的,符合语境
He worked hard and made great ______ (achieve) in his study.
答案:achievements
解析:make achievements是固定搭配,意为取得成就,achieve的名词形式是achievement,此处用复数形式.
4.单词拼写题
根据所给的中文提示或首字母提示,写出单词的正确形式。
例如:The boy showed great ______ (勇敢) in the face of danger.
答案:bravery
解析:勇敢的名词形式是bravery
She is an ______ (活跃的) girl and likes to take part in all kinds of activities.
答案:active
解析:活跃的形容词形式是active.
二、考点分析
(一)解题思路
1. 分析句子结构和语法功能
(1)确定所需词性
仔细观察句子,判断空白处的单词在句子中充当什么成分,从而确定需要的词性。
例如,如果是在主语、宾语位置,一般需要名词;
在谓语位置需要动词;在修饰名词的位置需要形容词;
修饰动词、形容词或其他副词的位置需要副词。
(2)关注语法规则
注意一些语法规则,如形容词修饰名词时的顺序、副词修饰动词的位置、主谓一致等。
例如,当句子中有多个形容词修饰一个名词时,可能需要考虑限定词 - 描绘性形容词 - 大小、长短、高低 - 形状 - 年龄、新旧 - 颜色 - 国籍、地区 - 物质材料 - 用途、类别这样的顺序。
2. 理解语境和语义逻辑
(1)把握句子整体意思
结合句子的上下文,理解整个句子的含义,明确空白处单词与其他部分之间的逻辑关系。
例如,如果句子表达因果关系,可能需要选择带有相应逻辑含义的词汇;如果是描述程度,要选择合适的程度副词。
(2)考虑固定搭配和词组
有些词性转换涉及到固定的词组或搭配。
例如be full of(充满),当需要将full进行词性转换时,要联想到其反义词empty,并根据语境判断是用be empty of还是其他相关形式。
(3)掌握常见的词性转换规则
动词-名词转换
加 - tion/-sion/-ment/-ance/-ence等后缀
educate(教育,动词)- education(教育,名词)
decide(决定,动词)- decision(决定,名词)
特殊变化:有些动词变名词有特殊形式
choose(选择,动词)- choice(选择,名词)
形容词-副词转换
一般加 - ly后缀
quick(快的,形容词)- quickly(快地,副词)
但要注意一些特殊情况
true(真实的)- truly
terrible(可怕的)- terribly
以及以y结尾的形容词,变副词时要先将y变为i再加ly
happy(快乐的)- happily
名词-形容词转换
加 - ful/-less/-y/-al/-ic等后缀
care(关心,名词)- careful(小心的,形容词)/careless(粗心的,形容词)
wind(风,名词)- windy(有风的,形容词)
nation(国家,名词)- national(国家的,形容词)
science(科学,名词)- scientific(科学的,形容词)
(4)积累词汇和词缀知识
丰富词汇量
平时多积累不同词性的单词,熟悉它们的各种形式和用法。通过阅读、背诵单词表等方式增加词汇储备,这样在遇到词性转换题时能够更快地联想到合适的单词。
学习词缀含义
掌握常见的前缀和后缀的含义,有助于推测单词经过词性转换后的意思。例如,un - 表示否定,re - 表示再次, - able表示能够……的等。
(二)动词转名词
1.常见的动词转名词的后缀
(1)-ion /-tion/-sion /-ation
表示 行为、状态、过程、结果 等抽象概念。
-ion
act(行动)→ action(行动;行为)
We need to take action to protect the environment.(我们需要采取行动保护环境。)
collect(收集)→ collection(收集;收藏品)
He has a large collection of stamps.(他有大量的邮票收藏。)
-tion
educate(教育)→ education(教育)
Education is the key to success.(教育是成功的关键。)
instruct(指导;指示)→ instruction(指导;说明)
Read the instructions carefully before you use the machine.(在使用机器前仔细阅读说明。)
-sion
decide(决定)→ decision(决定)
She made a difficult decision.(她做了一个艰难的决定。)
express(表达)→ expression(表达;表情)
His facial expression showed his happiness.(他的面部表情显示出他的快乐。)
-ation
invite(邀请)→ invitation(邀请;请柬)
I received an invitation to his birthday party.(我收到了他生日聚会的邀请。)
examine(检查;考试)→ examination(检查;考试)
We have an examination next week.(我们下周有一场考试。)
(2)-er /-or
表示 做…… 的人或物,用于构成职业名称、工具或器械名称等。
-er
teach(教)→ teacher(教师)
My English teacher is very kind.(我的英语老师非常和蔼。)
work(工作)→ worker(工人)
The workers are building a new house.(工人们正在建造一所新房子。)
write(写)→ writer(作者)
He is a famous writer.(他是一位著名的作者。)
-or
invent(发明)→ inventor(发明家)
Edison is a great inventor.(爱迪生是一位伟大的发明家。)
act(表演)→ actor(男演员)
The actor won an award for his excellent performance.(这位男演员因其出色的表演获得了一个奖项。)
visit(参观;访问)→ visitor(参观者;访问者)
There are many visitors in the museum.(博物馆里有许多参观者。)
(3)-ing
表示 与该动作有关的事物,可以是具体的物体,也可以是抽象的概念
build(建造)→ building(建筑物;楼房)
The building is very tall.(这栋建筑物很高。)
begin(开始)→ beginning(开始;开端)
A good beginning is half done.(良好的开端是成功的一半。)
paint(绘画;油漆)→ painting(绘画;油画)
I like this painting very much.(我非常喜欢这幅画。)
2.不规则的动词转名词形式
通过词形变化(非加后缀)
advise(建议)→ advice(建议)
注意:advise是动词,advice是名词,且 advice是不可数名词
Can you give me some advice?(你能给我一些建议吗?)
choose(选择)→ choice(选择)
You have to make a choice.(你必须做出一个选择。)
fly(飞)→ flight(飞行;航班)
The flight was delayed.(航班延误了。)
3.中考考查重点
(1)词汇拼写
在单词拼写题中考查动词转名词后的正确拼写形式
例如,给出动词communicate,要求写出其名词形式communication
(2)语法填空
在语法填空题中,根据句子的语法结构和语义要求,正确填写动词转换后的名词形式
例如:His ______ (explain) made me understand the problem better.(他的解释让我更好地理解了这个问题。)这里需要将动词explain转换为名词explanation来作句子的主语。
(3)句子翻译
在句子翻译题中,准确运用动词转换后的名词来表达句子意思
例如:他的成功来自于他的努力。
可翻译为His success comes from his hard work.其中success是由动词succeed转换而来的名词。
(4)词性辨析
在选择题、完形填空等题型中,考查对动词和其转换后的名词在句子中的词性辨析和正确使用
例如:- What's your ______?
- I like reading books.
A. hobby B. hobbying
答案是 A,hobby是名词,hobbying这种形式是错误的,这里需要一个名词来回答关于爱好的问题
hobby是由动词hobby(对…… 有业余爱好)转化而来的名词。
(三)名词转动词
1.通过添加前缀构成动词
(1)en - 前缀
表示 使…… 成为;使…… 进入某种状态;赋予 等意思。
rich(财富;富裕的)→ enrich(使富裕;使丰富)
Travel can enrich our knowledge.(旅行可以丰富我们的知识。)
able(能力;有能力的)→ enable(使能够)
The new software enables us to work more efficiently.(这个新软件使我们能更高效地工作。)
large(大;大规模的)→ enlarge(扩大;放大)
We need to enlarge this photo.(我们需要放大这张照片。)
(2)be - 前缀
有 使…… 成为;视为;对待 等含义,强调动作的结果或状态的改变。
friend(朋友)→ befriend(和…… 交朋友;友善对待)
He tried to befriend the new students.(他试图和新同学交朋友。)
witch(女巫;巫婆)→ bewitch(施魔法于;使着迷)
The beautiful scenery bewitched the tourists.(美丽的风景使游客们着迷。)
2.名词直接转化为动词
(1)词形不变,意义相关
water(水)→ water(浇水)
You should water the flowers every day.(你应该每天给花浇水。)
hand(手)→ hand(传递;交给)
Please hand me the book.(请把书递给我。)
nurse(护士)→ nurse(护理;照料)
She nurses her sick mother carefully.(她细心地照料她生病的母亲。)
book(书)→ book(预订)
I want to book a ticket for the concert.(我想预订一张音乐会的门票。)
3.中考考查重点
(1)词汇拼写
在单词拼写题中考查名词转动词后的正确拼写形式
例如,给出名词 length,要求写出其动词形式(lengthen)。
(2)语法填空
在语法填空题中,根据句子的语法结构和语义要求,正确填写名词转换后的动词形式
例如:They decided to ______ (beauty) the city by planting more trees.(他们决定通过种更多的树来美化这个城市。)
这里需要将名词beauty转换为动词beautify来符合句子的语义和语法结构
(to + 动词原形 构成不定式,表示目的)。
(3)句子翻译
在句子翻译题中,准确运用名词转换后的动词来表达句子意思
例如:我们应该利用这个机会来提高我们的英语。
可翻译为We should take advantage of this opportunity to improve our English.其中improve是由名词 improvement的反方向转换而来(虽然形式上不是典型的名词转动词,但这种转换思路有助于理解句子的构建)。
(4)词性辨析
在选择题、完形填空等题型中,考查对名词和其转换后的动词在句子中的词性辨析和正确使用
例如:- How do you ______ the difficult problem?
- I think we can ______ it by working together.
A. solve; solution B. solve; solve
答案是 B,第一个空需要一个动词来构成特殊疑问句,询问如何解决难题,solve是动词;第二个空也需要一个动词,solution是名词,不符合句子要求,solve符合句子通过合作来解决它的语义。
(三)形容词转名词
1.通过添加后缀构成名词
(1)-ness 后缀
表示 性质、状态、程度。它将形容词所描述的特征转化为具体的抽象概念。
kind(友善的)→ kindness(仁慈;善良)
We should show kindness to others.(我们应该对他人展现出善良。)
happy(快乐的)→ happiness(幸福;快乐)
Money can't buy happiness.(金钱买不到幸福。)
ill(生病的)→ illness(疾病)
He is absent because of his illness.(他因为生病缺席了。)
sad(悲伤的)→ sadness(悲伤;悲哀)
Her eyes were full of sadness.(她的眼中充满了悲伤。)
(2)-ity 后缀(部分形容词适用)
表示 性质、状态、程度,在一些比较正式的词汇中使用。
active(活跃的)→ activity(活动;活跃)
Outdoor activities are good for our health.(户外活动对我们的健康有益。)
real(真实的)→ reality(现实;真实)
We should face the reality.(我们应该面对现实。)
able(有能力的)→ ability(能力;才能)
She has the ability to solve the problem.(她有解决这个问题的能力。)
2.形容词直接转化为名词
词形不变,意义相关
long(长的)→ length(长度)
What's the length of the rope?(这根绳子的长度是多少?)
high(高的)→ height(高度)
The height of the mountain is over 2000 meters.(这座山的高度超过 2000 米。)
wide(宽的)→ width(宽度)
We need to measure the width of the river.(我们需要测量这条河的宽度。)
strong(强壮的)→ strength(力量),His strength helped him win the competition.(他的力量帮助他赢得了比赛。)
3.中考考查重点
(1)词汇拼写
在单词拼写题中考查形容词转名词后的正确拼写形式
例如,给出形容词 lonely,要求写出其名词形式(loneliness)。
(2)语法填空
在语法填空题中,根据句子的语法结构和语义要求,正确填写形容词转换后的名词形式
例如:His ______ (brave) in the face of danger inspired us all.(他面对危险时的勇敢激励了我们所有人。)
这里需要将形容词brave转换为名词bravery来作句子的主语。
(3)句子翻译
在句子翻译题中,准确运用形容词转换后的名词来表达句子意思
例如:他的诚实给我留下了深刻的印象。
可翻译为 His honesty impressed me deeply.
其中honesty是由形容词honest转换而来的名词。
(4)词性辨析
在选择题、完形填空等题型中,考查对形容词和其转换后的名词在句子中的词性辨析和正确使用
例如:- What's the ______ of the building?
- It's about 100 meters in ______.
A. high; height B. height; height
答案是 B,第一个空需要一个名词来询问建筑物的高度,high是形容词,height是名词;第二个空in height是固定短语,表示在高度方面,也需要名词height。
(四)名词转形容词
1.添加后缀构成形容词
(1)-y 后缀
表示 充满…… 的;有…… 性质的;多…… 的。这个后缀能生动地描绘出与名词相关的特征。
cloud(云)→ cloudy(多云的)
It's a cloudy day today.(今天是多云的天气。)
wind(风)→ windy(多风的)
It's too windy to go out for a walk.(风太大了,不适合出去散步。)
rain(雨)→ rainy(多雨的)
We often have rainy days in spring.(我们这儿春天经常是多雨的天气。)
sun(太阳)→ sunny(阳光充足的)
I like sunny days because they make me feel happy.(我喜欢阳光充足的日子,因为它们让我感觉很开心。)
(2)-ful 后缀
表示 充满…… 的;具有…… 性质的;有…… 的,强调名词所具有的积极、正面的属性。
care(关心;小心)→ careful(小心的;仔细的)
Be careful when you cross the road.(过马路的时候要小心。)
help(帮助)→ helpful(有帮助的)
Thank you for your helpful suggestions.(感谢你有帮助的建议。)
beauty(美丽)→ beautiful(美丽的)
She is a beautiful girl.(她是个美丽的女孩。)
use(使用;用途)→ useful(有用的)
This book is very useful for our study.(这本书对我们的学习非常有用。)
(3)-less 后缀
与 -ful 相反,表示 没有…… 的;缺乏…… 的。用于描述缺少某个名词所代表的特征的情况。
care(关心;小心)→ careless(粗心的;无忧无虑的)
His careless mistake made him lose the game.(他粗心的错误让他输掉了比赛。)
hope(希望)→ hopeless(没有希望的)
The situation seemed hopeless at that time.(当时的情况看起来毫无希望。)
help(帮助)→ helpless(无助的)
The little boy felt helpless in the strange city.(这个小男孩在陌生的城市里感到无助。)
(4)-ous 后缀
表示 充满…… 的;具有…… 性质的;多…… 的。用于强调名词所蕴含的某种性质或状态,通常带有一定的程度。
danger(危险)→ dangerous(危险的)
It's dangerous to swim in the deep river.(在深河里游泳是危险的。)
fame(名声)→ famous(著名的)
He is a famous singer.(他是一位著名的歌手。)
humor(幽默)→ humorous(幽默的)
My English teacher is very humorous.(我的英语老师非常幽默。)
mountain(山)→ mountainous(多山的)
They live in a mountainous area.(他们住在一个多山的地区。)
(5)-al 后缀
表示 与…… 有关的;…… 的。用于将名词转化为具有相关性的形容词,强调所属或关联的性质。
nature(自然)→ natural(自然的)
We should protect the natural environment.(我们应该保护自然环境。)
nation(国家)→ national(国家的)
We celebrate National Day on October 1st.(我们在 10 月 1 日庆祝国庆节。)
person(人)→ personal(个人的;私人的)
This is my personal computer.(这是我的个人电脑。)
culture(文化)→ cultural(文化的)
We had a cultural exchange with foreign students.(我们和外国学生进行了一次文化交流。)
2.中考考查重点
(1)词汇拼写
在单词拼写题中考查名词转形容词后的正确拼写形式
例如,给出名词 health,要求写出其形容词形式(healthy)。
(2)语法填空
在语法填空题中,根据句子的语法结构和语义要求,正确填写名词转换后的形容词形式
例如:We should keep our classroom ______ (clean).(我们应该保持我们的教室干净。) 这里需要将名词 clean(清洁;打扫)转换为形容词 clean(干净的)来作宾语补足语。
(3)句子翻译
在句子翻译题中,准确运用名词转换后的形容词来表达句子意思
例如:这座历史建筑很有名。 可翻译为 This historical building is very famous. 其中 historical 是由名词 history 转换而来的形容词。
(4)词性辨析
在选择题、完形填空等题型中,考查对名词和其转换后的形容词在句子中的词性辨析和正确使用
例如:- The ______ news made us very sad.
- Yes, it's really a ______.
A. disappointed; disappointment
B. disappointing; disappointment
答案是 B,第一个空需要一个形容词来修饰名词 news,disappointing 表示 令人失望的,用于描述事物的性质;disappointed 通常用于形容人感到失望的状态;第二个空 a 后面需要一个名词,disappointment 是由动词 disappoint 派生的名词,符合句子要求。
(五)形容词转副词
1.一般规则
加 - ly 后缀
用于修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,表示程度、方式、时间、地点等。
quick(快的)→ quickly(快地)
He runs quickly.(他跑得很快。) 这里 quickly 修饰动词 runs,表示动作的方式。
slow(慢的)→ slowly(慢地)
The old man walked slowly.(这位老人走得很慢。)slowly 修饰动词 walked,体现动作的速度。
careful(小心的)→ carefully(小心地)
She answered the question carefully.(她小心地回答了问题。)
carefully 修饰动词 answered,表明动作的状态。
2.特殊规则
(1)以辅音字母 + y 结尾的形容词
把 y 变成 i,再加 - ly,y 前面是辅音字母时,其发音为 [i]
happy(快乐的)→ happily(快乐地)
They lived happily ever after.(他们从此过上了快乐的生活。)
happily 修饰动词 lived,表示生活的状态。
heavy(重的)→ heavily(沉重地;大量地)
It rained heavily last night.(昨晚雨下得很大。)
heavily 修饰动词 rained,描述雨下的程度。
easy(容易的)→ easily(容易地)
You can easily solve this problem.(你可以很容易地解决这个问题。)
easily 修饰动词 solve,说明解决问题的难易程度。
(2)以 - le 结尾的形容词
去 e 加 - y。
simple(简单的)→ simply(简单地;仅仅)
He explained it simply.(他简单地解释了一下。)
simply 修饰动词 explained,表明解释的方式。
terrible(可怕的)→ terribly(非常;很;可怕地)
I'm terribly sorry.(我非常抱歉。)
terribly 修饰形容词 sorry,加强语气,表示程度。
(3)以 - ic 结尾的形容词
加 - ally。
basic(基本的)→ basically(基本上;主要地)
Basically, you're right.(基本上,你是对的。)
basically 在句首,修饰整个句子,表示大致的情况。
dramatic(戏剧性的)→ dramatically(戏剧性地;显著地)
The situation has changed dramatically.(形势发生了戏剧性的变化。)
dramatically 修饰动词 changed,描述变化的方式和程度。
3.形容词和副词同形的情况
(1)相同形式的词性判断
有些词既可以作形容词又可以作副词,且形式不变。
fast(快的 / 快地)
He is a fast runner.(他是一个跑得快的人。)
这里 fast 是形容词,修饰名词 runner;
He runs fast.(他跑得很快。) 这里 fast 是副词,修饰动词 runs。
early(早的 / 早地)
She takes an early bus.(她乘坐早班车。)
early 是形容词,修饰名词 bus;
She gets up early.(她起床早。)early 是副词,修饰动词 gets up。
late(晚的 / 晚地)
He had a late dinner.(他吃了一顿晚的晚餐。)
late 是形容词,修饰名词 dinner
He came home late.(他回家晚了。)
late 是副词,修饰动词 came home。
hard(硬的 / 努力地)
This is a hard stone.(这是一块硬石头。)
hard 是形容词,修饰名词 stone;
He works hard.(他努力工作。)
hard 是副词,修饰动词 works。
4.中考考查重点
(1)词汇拼写
在单词拼写题中考查形容词转副词后的正确拼写形式
例如,给出形容词 quick,要求写出其副词形式(quickly);
给出 happy,要求写出副词(happily),重点考查特殊规则的拼写。
(2)语法填空
在语法填空题中,根据句子的语法结构和语义要求,正确填写形容词转换后的副词形式
例如:She smiled ______ (bright) when she heard the good news.(当她听到这个好消息时,她灿烂地笑了。) 这里需要将形容词 bright 转换为副词 brightly 来修饰动词 smiled。
(3)句子翻译
在句子翻译题中,准确运用形容词转换后的副词来表达句子意思
例如:他安静地离开了房间。
可翻译为 He left the room quietly. 其中 quietly 是由形容词 quiet 转换而来的副词。
(4)词性辨析
在选择题、完形填空等题型中,考查对形容词和其转换后的副词在句子中的词性辨析和正确使用
例如:- He is a ______ boy.
- Yes, he always does his homework ______.
A. careful; carefully B. carefully; careful
答案是 A,第一个空需要一个形容词来修饰名词 boy,careful 符合;第二个空需要一个副词来修饰动词 does,carefully 正确。
(六)其他常见词性转换
1.数词转形容词
用于表示顺序。一般规律是在基数词后加 - th,但有一些特殊变化,如:
one(一)→ first(第一)
two(二)→ second(第二)
three(三)→ third(第三)
five(五)→ fifth(第五)
nine(九)→ ninth(第九)
twelve(十二)→ twelfth(第十二)
twenty(二十)→ twentieth(第二十)
2.代词转形容词
形容词性物主代词:如 my(我的)、your(你的 / 你们的)、his(他的)、her(她的)、its(它的)、our(我们的)、their(他们 / 她们 / 它们的),是由代词转化而来,用于修饰名词,表示所属关系。例如:This is my book.(这是我的书。)
3.中考考查重点
(1)词性转换的规则
在单词拼写、语法填空等题型中直接考查词性转换的形式
例如,给出动词 decide,要求写出其名词形式(decision);
给出形容词 happy,要求写出其副词形式(happily)。
(2)词性转换后的语法功能
在语法填空、完形填空、句子改写等题型中,考查词性转换后词在句子中的正确语法功能
例如,He is a ______ (care) boy. He always makes mistakes.
(他是个粗心的男孩。他总是犯错。) 这里需要将名词 care 转换为形容词 careless 来修饰名词 boy。
She answered the question ______ (quick).(她很快地回答了问题。)
需要将形容词 quick 转换为副词 quickly 来修饰动词 answered。
(3)词性转换与其他知识点的综合考查
与句子成分、时态、语态等知识点结合考查
例如,The ______ (invent) of the computer has changed our lives.(电脑的发明改变了我们的生活。)
这里不仅考查动词 invent 转换为名词 invention,还涉及到 the + 名词 + of… 的结构以及句子的主谓宾成分等知识点。
三、课后练习
(一)单词拼写
She is a famous ______ (sing), and many people like her songs.
The book is so ______ (interest) that I can't put it down.
We should protect the ______ (environment) to make our earth more beautiful.
His ______ (ill) made him stay in hospital for a week.
She greeted us with a ______ (cheer) smile.
The ______ (develop) of science and technology has changed our lives a lot.
We are all ______ (pride) of our country's achievements.
The little boy is very ______ (care), and he often makes mistakes in his homework.
My sister's ______ (hobby) include reading and dancing.
The ______ (high) of the mountain is about 2000 meters.
They had a ______ (discuss) about how to solve the problem.
The ______ (win) of the competition will get a prize.
“winner”(获胜者)。
It's ______ (danger) to play football in the street.
His words made me feel ______ (comfort).
The ______ (operate) was very successful and the patient is getting better.
She is a ______ (create) writer and her novels are very popular.
The ______ (grow) of the plants needs enough sunlight and water.
He has a good ______ (know) of English history.
The movie is very ______ (educate) and it's good for children to watch.
The ______ (collect) of stamps is his hobby.
She gave a ______ (wonder) performance and won the first prize.
His ______ (decide) to study abroad surprised his parents.
The ______ (serve) in this restaurant is very good and the food is delicious.
We should be ______ (thank) to those who help us.
The ______ (appear) of the new product attracted a lot of customers.
He is a very ______ (humor) person and he always makes us laugh.
The ______ (excite) news made everyone happy.
The ______ (deep) of the river is about five meters.
Her ______ (kind) made the homeless boy feel warm.
The ______ (strong) of the wind made it hard to walk outside.
(二)用所给单词的适当形式填空
The story is so ______ (touch) that many people were moved to tears.
He is a ______ (success) businessman and his company is very famous.
The ______ (true) is that we have to work hard to achieve our goals.
She has a ______ (beauty) voice and we all like her singing.
They are making ______ (prepare) for the coming party.
The ______ (invent) of the telephone changed the way people communicate.
His ______ (confident) helped him pass the interview.
We should try our best to solve the ______ (environment) problems.
The ______ (art) painted a beautiful picture of the sunset.
The ______ (improve) of his English is very obvious.
She is a ______ (love) girl and everyone likes to be friends with her.
The ______ (science) are doing research on a new kind of medicine.
The ______ (manage) of the company is very strict with his employees.
The ______ (surprise) look on his face showed that he didn't expect it.
The ______ (introduce) of this new technology will bring great changes.
四、真题模拟
【2024 山东济南】He is a very ______ (care) student. He often makes mistakes in his homework.
【2024 江苏南京】The ______ (die) of his dog made him very sad.
【2024 广东深圳】We should speak to the old ______ (polite).
【2024 四川成都】This is one of the ______ (big) cities in China.
【2024 湖北武汉】The ______ (invent) of the computer has changed our lives a lot.
【2024 湖南长沙】It's ______ (possible) for me to finish the work in such a short time.
【2024 浙江杭州】She is a ______ (success) singer and has many fans.
【2024 河南郑州】The little girl is old enough to dress ______ (she).
【2024 河北石家庄】His father is a good ______ (drive). He drives very well.
【2024 辽宁沈阳】Please keep ______ (quietly)! The baby is sleeping.
【2023 山东济南】He is a very ______ (care) student. He often makes mistakes in his homework.
【2023 江苏南京】The ______ (die) of his dog made him very sad.
【2023 广东深圳】We should speak to the old ______ (polite).
【2023 四川成都】This is one of the ______ (big) cities in China.
【2023 湖北武汉】The ______ (invent) of the computer has changed our lives a lot.
【2023 湖南长沙】It's ______ (possible) for me to finish the work in such a short time.
【2023 浙江杭州】She is a ______ (success) singer and has many fans.
【2023 河南郑州】The little girl is old enough to dress ______ (she).
【2023 河北石家庄】His father is a good ______ (drive). He drives very well.
【2023 辽宁沈阳】Please keep ______ (quietly)! The baby is sleeping.
【2023 上海】There are many different ______ (plant) in that small garden.
【2023 上海】Lily is reading the ______ (six) story in the book about Chinese history.
【2023 上海】He learned how to make zongzi by ______ (he) on the Dragon Boat Festival.
【2023 上海】These tips are ______ (use) to improve your social skills. Why not take them?
【2023 上海】More citizens agree to be green travelers so as to reduce air ______ (pollute).
【2023 上海】The journalist hoped to ______ (reporter) the brave act of the fireman.
【2023 上海】With the help of his workmates, he was able to operate the machine ______ (correct).
【2023 上海】If you are ______ (lucky) to get lost, calm down and look for possible help.
【2022 云南】After the 2022 Spring Festival Gala, dance-poem drama Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains became ______ known all over China. (wide)
【2022 山东】We should behave ______ in public. (polite)
【2022 湖北】Thomas Edison, one of the greatest ______ in the world, created over 1,000 things. (invent)
【2022 四川】It's no use learning words if you don't know how to use them ______. (correct)
【2022 广东】The ______ of AI will enable us to learn more about our brains. (develop)
【2022 江苏】I really hate myself for what I said to mum the other day. I know the ______. (feel)
【2022 湖南】You should learn to make a ______ by yourself. (decide)
【2022 河南】He seemed very ______. He got an A in the English test. (happy)
【2022 河北】As we all know, a ______ driver is always a danger to the public. (care)
【2022 辽宁】If you don't have a deep love for something, don't be ______ until you find one. (satisfy)
【2022 贵州】Greenhouse gases are ______ to the environment. (harm)
【2022 上海】Please keep ______! The baby is sleeping. (quietly)
【2022 浙江】Which is more ______ to you, health or wealth? (value)
【2022 陕西】There are many ______ between the twins. One is shy, but the other is outgoing. (different)
【2022 吉林】The mother said goodbye with a smile, but her eyes couldn't hide her ______. (sad)
【2022 福建】We can't simply judge a book by its cover or its title. (simple)
【2022 黑龙江】If you don't know the name of the plant, please write ______ in your notebook. (know)
【2022 内蒙古】The disabled won't feel that lonely if everyone can do something to help them. (able)
【2022 甘肃】Nothing is a waste if we have a ______ mind. (create)
【2022 宁夏】China has made great ______ since it opened its doors to the outside world. (achieve)
【2022 青海】Guiyang is developing so ______ that more and more graduates choose to work there. (quick)
【2022 新疆】Ben was very ______ to have a dog helper. (luck)
【2022 西藏】Mobike is considered to be a new ______ in China. (invent)
【2022 海南】It's ______ possible that humans have to move to Mars in the future. (high)
【2022 天津】Before you answer the question, please think it ______. (careful)
【2022 重庆】Every year, about 6.5 million people die because of air ______. (pollute)
【2022 广西】The oceans are ______ polluted by plastic waste. (heavy)
【2022 江西】I will never forget the days I spent with my host family in Britain. (forgetful)
【2022 安徽】Fortunately, no one was seriously hurt in the earthquake several weeks ago. (serious)
【2022 江苏南京】You are old enough to dress ______. (you)
【2022 浙江杭州】He is a very careful student. He often checks his homework ______. (care)
【2022 广东深圳】This is one of the ______cities in China. (big)
【2022 四川成都】The ______ of the computer has changed our lives a lot. (invent)
【2022 湖北武汉】We should speak to the old______. (polite)
【2022 湖南长沙】It's ______ for me to finish the work in such a short time. (possible)
【2022 河南郑州】His father is a good ______. He drives very well. (drive)
【2022 河北石家庄】She is a ______ singer and has many fans. (success)
【2022 辽宁沈阳】Look at you! You're breathing so ______. We're not even halfway there yet. (heavy)
【2022 贵州贵阳】After the earthquake, plenty of food and clothes were provided for the ______ people. (home)
【2022 上海】There are many different ______ in that small garden. (plant)
【2022 江苏苏州】Lily is reading the______ story in the book about Chinese history. (six)
【2022 浙江宁波】He learned how to make zongzi by______ on the Dragon Boat Festival. (he)
【2022 福建厦门】These tips are ______ to improve your social skills. Why not take them? (use)
【2022 广东珠海】More citizens agree to be green travelers so as to reduce air ______. (pollute)
【2022 海南海口】The journalist hoped to ______ the brave act of the fireman. (reporter)
【2022 广西南宁】With the help of his workmates, he was able to operate the machine ______. (correct)
【2022 江西南昌】If you are ______ to get lost, calm down and look for possible help. (lucky)
【2022 安徽合肥】March 8 is ______ Day. (woman)
【2022 天津滨海新区】This book belongs to you. Where is ______? (me)
【2022 重庆万州】The visitors are ______ students. (main)
【2022 甘肃兰州】I am ______ about my schoolwork because I haven't worked hard this term. (worry)
【2022 宁夏银川】Your pet dog is so______ that all of us like to play with it. (love)
【2022 青海西宁】It has been snowing ______ for a whole day. (heavy)
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第11讲 词性转换
一、考情分析
(一)考情分析
1.高频考点
词性转换是中考英语的常见考点,近三年各地中考均有涉及。主要集中在动词、名词、形容词和副词之间的相互转换,如动词变名词、形容词变副词等.
2.能力考查
重点考查学生对词汇的掌握程度,以及能否根据句子结构和语境准确判断所需单词的词性并进行正确转换,体现了对学生语法运用和语言综合能力的要求.
3.语境化趋势
题目通常设置在具体的语境中,让学生根据上下文的逻辑和语义来确定单词的正确形式,单纯考查词形变化的题目逐渐减少,更注重学生对语言的实际运用能力.
(二)常见题型
1.用所给单词的适当形式填空
这是最常见的题型,一般会给出一个句子,其中有一个单词需要根据语境和句子结构转换为适当的词性进行填空。
例如:He is so ______ (care) that he always makes mistakes in his homework.
答案:careless。
解析:根据后文makes mistakes可知他很粗心,care的形容词形式为careless,表示粗心的
The ______ (develop) of our country is becoming faster and faster.
答案:development。
解析:此处需要一个名词来作主语,develop的名词形式是development,意为发展
2.单项选择题
给出四个选项,要求学生选择单词的正确形式来完成句子。
例如:She is a ______ girl and she always smiles.
A. happy B. happily C. happiness D. unhappiness
答案:A
解析:此处需要一个形容词来修饰名词girl,happy是形容词,意为快乐的,符合语境.
We should speak to the old ______.
A. polite B. politely C. impolite D. impolitely
答案:B
解析:此处需要一个副词来修饰动词speak,politely是polite的副词形式,意为有礼貌地
3.完形填空题
在一篇短文的空白处,要求学生根据上下文和句子的逻辑关系,选择单词的正确形式填空。
例如:I was really ______ (excite) when I heard the good news.
答案:excited
解析:此处表示人的感受,excite的形容词形式excited意为感到兴奋的,符合语境
He worked hard and made great ______ (achieve) in his study.
答案:achievements
解析:make achievements是固定搭配,意为取得成就,achieve的名词形式是achievement,此处用复数形式.
4.单词拼写题
根据所给的中文提示或首字母提示,写出单词的正确形式。
例如:The boy showed great ______ (勇敢) in the face of danger.
答案:bravery
解析:勇敢的名词形式是bravery
She is an ______ (活跃的) girl and likes to take part in all kinds of activities.
答案:active
解析:活跃的形容词形式是active.
二、考点分析
(一)解题思路
1. 分析句子结构和语法功能
(1)确定所需词性
仔细观察句子,判断空白处的单词在句子中充当什么成分,从而确定需要的词性。
例如,如果是在主语、宾语位置,一般需要名词;
在谓语位置需要动词;在修饰名词的位置需要形容词;
修饰动词、形容词或其他副词的位置需要副词。
(2)关注语法规则
注意一些语法规则,如形容词修饰名词时的顺序、副词修饰动词的位置、主谓一致等。
例如,当句子中有多个形容词修饰一个名词时,可能需要考虑限定词 - 描绘性形容词 - 大小、长短、高低 - 形状 - 年龄、新旧 - 颜色 - 国籍、地区 - 物质材料 - 用途、类别这样的顺序。
2. 理解语境和语义逻辑
(1)把握句子整体意思
结合句子的上下文,理解整个句子的含义,明确空白处单词与其他部分之间的逻辑关系。
例如,如果句子表达因果关系,可能需要选择带有相应逻辑含义的词汇;如果是描述程度,要选择合适的程度副词。
(2)考虑固定搭配和词组
有些词性转换涉及到固定的词组或搭配。
例如be full of(充满),当需要将full进行词性转换时,要联想到其反义词empty,并根据语境判断是用be empty of还是其他相关形式。
(3)掌握常见的词性转换规则
动词-名词转换
加 - tion/-sion/-ment/-ance/-ence等后缀
educate(教育,动词)- education(教育,名词)
decide(决定,动词)- decision(决定,名词)
特殊变化:有些动词变名词有特殊形式
choose(选择,动词)- choice(选择,名词)
形容词-副词转换
一般加 - ly后缀
quick(快的,形容词)- quickly(快地,副词)
但要注意一些特殊情况
true(真实的)- truly
terrible(可怕的)- terribly
以及以y结尾的形容词,变副词时要先将y变为i再加ly
happy(快乐的)- happily
名词-形容词转换
加 - ful/-less/-y/-al/-ic等后缀
care(关心,名词)- careful(小心的,形容词)/careless(粗心的,形容词)
wind(风,名词)- windy(有风的,形容词)
nation(国家,名词)- national(国家的,形容词)
science(科学,名词)- scientific(科学的,形容词)
(4)积累词汇和词缀知识
丰富词汇量
平时多积累不同词性的单词,熟悉它们的各种形式和用法。通过阅读、背诵单词表等方式增加词汇储备,这样在遇到词性转换题时能够更快地联想到合适的单词。
学习词缀含义
掌握常见的前缀和后缀的含义,有助于推测单词经过词性转换后的意思。例如,un - 表示否定,re - 表示再次, - able表示能够……的等。
(二)动词转名词
1.常见的动词转名词的后缀
(1)-ion /-tion/-sion /-ation
表示 行为、状态、过程、结果 等抽象概念。
-ion
act(行动)→ action(行动;行为)
We need to take action to protect the environment.(我们需要采取行动保护环境。)
collect(收集)→ collection(收集;收藏品)
He has a large collection of stamps.(他有大量的邮票收藏。)
-tion
educate(教育)→ education(教育)
Education is the key to success.(教育是成功的关键。)
instruct(指导;指示)→ instruction(指导;说明)
Read the instructions carefully before you use the machine.(在使用机器前仔细阅读说明。)
-sion
decide(决定)→ decision(决定)
She made a difficult decision.(她做了一个艰难的决定。)
express(表达)→ expression(表达;表情)
His facial expression showed his happiness.(他的面部表情显示出他的快乐。)
-ation
invite(邀请)→ invitation(邀请;请柬)
I received an invitation to his birthday party.(我收到了他生日聚会的邀请。)
examine(检查;考试)→ examination(检查;考试)
We have an examination next week.(我们下周有一场考试。)
(2)-er /-or
表示 做…… 的人或物,用于构成职业名称、工具或器械名称等。
-er
teach(教)→ teacher(教师)
My English teacher is very kind.(我的英语老师非常和蔼。)
work(工作)→ worker(工人)
The workers are building a new house.(工人们正在建造一所新房子。)
write(写)→ writer(作者)
He is a famous writer.(他是一位著名的作者。)
-or
invent(发明)→ inventor(发明家)
Edison is a great inventor.(爱迪生是一位伟大的发明家。)
act(表演)→ actor(男演员)
The actor won an award for his excellent performance.(这位男演员因其出色的表演获得了一个奖项。)
visit(参观;访问)→ visitor(参观者;访问者)
There are many visitors in the museum.(博物馆里有许多参观者。)
(3)-ing
表示 与该动作有关的事物,可以是具体的物体,也可以是抽象的概念
build(建造)→ building(建筑物;楼房)
The building is very tall.(这栋建筑物很高。)
begin(开始)→ beginning(开始;开端)
A good beginning is half done.(良好的开端是成功的一半。)
paint(绘画;油漆)→ painting(绘画;油画)
I like this painting very much.(我非常喜欢这幅画。)
2.不规则的动词转名词形式
通过词形变化(非加后缀)
advise(建议)→ advice(建议)
注意:advise是动词,advice是名词,且 advice是不可数名词
Can you give me some advice?(你能给我一些建议吗?)
choose(选择)→ choice(选择)
You have to make a choice.(你必须做出一个选择。)
fly(飞)→ flight(飞行;航班)
The flight was delayed.(航班延误了。)
3.中考考查重点
(1)词汇拼写
在单词拼写题中考查动词转名词后的正确拼写形式
例如,给出动词communicate,要求写出其名词形式communication
(2)语法填空
在语法填空题中,根据句子的语法结构和语义要求,正确填写动词转换后的名词形式
例如:His ______ (explain) made me understand the problem better.(他的解释让我更好地理解了这个问题。)这里需要将动词explain转换为名词explanation来作句子的主语。
(3)句子翻译
在句子翻译题中,准确运用动词转换后的名词来表达句子意思
例如:他的成功来自于他的努力。
可翻译为His success comes from his hard work.其中success是由动词succeed转换而来的名词。
(4)词性辨析
在选择题、完形填空等题型中,考查对动词和其转换后的名词在句子中的词性辨析和正确使用
例如:- What's your ______?
- I like reading books.
A. hobby B. hobbying
答案是 A,hobby是名词,hobbying这种形式是错误的,这里需要一个名词来回答关于爱好的问题
hobby是由动词hobby(对…… 有业余爱好)转化而来的名词。
(三)名词转动词
1.通过添加前缀构成动词
(1)en - 前缀
表示 使…… 成为;使…… 进入某种状态;赋予 等意思。
rich(财富;富裕的)→ enrich(使富裕;使丰富)
Travel can enrich our knowledge.(旅行可以丰富我们的知识。)
able(能力;有能力的)→ enable(使能够)
The new software enables us to work more efficiently.(这个新软件使我们能更高效地工作。)
large(大;大规模的)→ enlarge(扩大;放大)
We need to enlarge this photo.(我们需要放大这张照片。)
(2)be - 前缀
有 使…… 成为;视为;对待 等含义,强调动作的结果或状态的改变。
friend(朋友)→ befriend(和…… 交朋友;友善对待)
He tried to befriend the new students.(他试图和新同学交朋友。)
witch(女巫;巫婆)→ bewitch(施魔法于;使着迷)
The beautiful scenery bewitched the tourists.(美丽的风景使游客们着迷。)
2.名词直接转化为动词
(1)词形不变,意义相关
water(水)→ water(浇水)
You should water the flowers every day.(你应该每天给花浇水。)
hand(手)→ hand(传递;交给)
Please hand me the book.(请把书递给我。)
nurse(护士)→ nurse(护理;照料)
She nurses her sick mother carefully.(她细心地照料她生病的母亲。)
book(书)→ book(预订)
I want to book a ticket for the concert.(我想预订一张音乐会的门票。)
3.中考考查重点
(1)词汇拼写
在单词拼写题中考查名词转动词后的正确拼写形式
例如,给出名词 length,要求写出其动词形式(lengthen)。
(2)语法填空
在语法填空题中,根据句子的语法结构和语义要求,正确填写名词转换后的动词形式
例如:They decided to ______ (beauty) the city by planting more trees.(他们决定通过种更多的树来美化这个城市。)
这里需要将名词beauty转换为动词beautify来符合句子的语义和语法结构
(to + 动词原形 构成不定式,表示目的)。
(3)句子翻译
在句子翻译题中,准确运用名词转换后的动词来表达句子意思
例如:我们应该利用这个机会来提高我们的英语。
可翻译为We should take advantage of this opportunity to improve our English.其中improve是由名词 improvement的反方向转换而来(虽然形式上不是典型的名词转动词,但这种转换思路有助于理解句子的构建)。
(4)词性辨析
在选择题、完形填空等题型中,考查对名词和其转换后的动词在句子中的词性辨析和正确使用
例如:- How do you ______ the difficult problem?
- I think we can ______ it by working together.
A. solve; solution B. solve; solve
答案是 B,第一个空需要一个动词来构成特殊疑问句,询问如何解决难题,solve是动词;第二个空也需要一个动词,solution是名词,不符合句子要求,solve符合句子通过合作来解决它的语义。
(三)形容词转名词
1.通过添加后缀构成名词
(1)-ness 后缀
表示 性质、状态、程度。它将形容词所描述的特征转化为具体的抽象概念。
kind(友善的)→ kindness(仁慈;善良)
We should show kindness to others.(我们应该对他人展现出善良。)
happy(快乐的)→ happiness(幸福;快乐)
Money can't buy happiness.(金钱买不到幸福。)
ill(生病的)→ illness(疾病)
He is absent because of his illness.(他因为生病缺席了。)
sad(悲伤的)→ sadness(悲伤;悲哀)
Her eyes were full of sadness.(她的眼中充满了悲伤。)
(2)-ity 后缀(部分形容词适用)
表示 性质、状态、程度,在一些比较正式的词汇中使用。
active(活跃的)→ activity(活动;活跃)
Outdoor activities are good for our health.(户外活动对我们的健康有益。)
real(真实的)→ reality(现实;真实)
We should face the reality.(我们应该面对现实。)
able(有能力的)→ ability(能力;才能)
She has the ability to solve the problem.(她有解决这个问题的能力。)
2.形容词直接转化为名词
词形不变,意义相关
long(长的)→ length(长度)
What's the length of the rope?(这根绳子的长度是多少?)
high(高的)→ height(高度)
The height of the mountain is over 2000 meters.(这座山的高度超过 2000 米。)
wide(宽的)→ width(宽度)
We need to measure the width of the river.(我们需要测量这条河的宽度。)
strong(强壮的)→ strength(力量),His strength helped him win the competition.(他的力量帮助他赢得了比赛。)
3.中考考查重点
(1)词汇拼写
在单词拼写题中考查形容词转名词后的正确拼写形式
例如,给出形容词 lonely,要求写出其名词形式(loneliness)。
(2)语法填空
在语法填空题中,根据句子的语法结构和语义要求,正确填写形容词转换后的名词形式
例如:His ______ (brave) in the face of danger inspired us all.(他面对危险时的勇敢激励了我们所有人。)
这里需要将形容词brave转换为名词bravery来作句子的主语。
(3)句子翻译
在句子翻译题中,准确运用形容词转换后的名词来表达句子意思
例如:他的诚实给我留下了深刻的印象。
可翻译为 His honesty impressed me deeply.
其中honesty是由形容词honest转换而来的名词。
(4)词性辨析
在选择题、完形填空等题型中,考查对形容词和其转换后的名词在句子中的词性辨析和正确使用
例如:- What's the ______ of the building?
- It's about 100 meters in ______.
A. high; height B. height; height
答案是 B,第一个空需要一个名词来询问建筑物的高度,high是形容词,height是名词;第二个空in height是固定短语,表示在高度方面,也需要名词height。
(四)名词转形容词
1.添加后缀构成形容词
(1)-y 后缀
表示 充满…… 的;有…… 性质的;多…… 的。这个后缀能生动地描绘出与名词相关的特征。
cloud(云)→ cloudy(多云的)
It's a cloudy day today.(今天是多云的天气。)
wind(风)→ windy(多风的)
It's too windy to go out for a walk.(风太大了,不适合出去散步。)
rain(雨)→ rainy(多雨的)
We often have rainy days in spring.(我们这儿春天经常是多雨的天气。)
sun(太阳)→ sunny(阳光充足的)
I like sunny days because they make me feel happy.(我喜欢阳光充足的日子,因为它们让我感觉很开心。)
(2)-ful 后缀
表示 充满…… 的;具有…… 性质的;有…… 的,强调名词所具有的积极、正面的属性。
care(关心;小心)→ careful(小心的;仔细的)
Be careful when you cross the road.(过马路的时候要小心。)
help(帮助)→ helpful(有帮助的)
Thank you for your helpful suggestions.(感谢你有帮助的建议。)
beauty(美丽)→ beautiful(美丽的)
She is a beautiful girl.(她是个美丽的女孩。)
use(使用;用途)→ useful(有用的)
This book is very useful for our study.(这本书对我们的学习非常有用。)
(3)-less 后缀
与 -ful 相反,表示 没有…… 的;缺乏…… 的。用于描述缺少某个名词所代表的特征的情况。
care(关心;小心)→ careless(粗心的;无忧无虑的)
His careless mistake made him lose the game.(他粗心的错误让他输掉了比赛。)
hope(希望)→ hopeless(没有希望的)
The situation seemed hopeless at that time.(当时的情况看起来毫无希望。)
help(帮助)→ helpless(无助的)
The little boy felt helpless in the strange city.(这个小男孩在陌生的城市里感到无助。)
(4)-ous 后缀
表示 充满…… 的;具有…… 性质的;多…… 的。用于强调名词所蕴含的某种性质或状态,通常带有一定的程度。
danger(危险)→ dangerous(危险的)
It's dangerous to swim in the deep river.(在深河里游泳是危险的。)
fame(名声)→ famous(著名的)
He is a famous singer.(他是一位著名的歌手。)
humor(幽默)→ humorous(幽默的)
My English teacher is very humorous.(我的英语老师非常幽默。)
mountain(山)→ mountainous(多山的)
They live in a mountainous area.(他们住在一个多山的地区。)
(5)-al 后缀
表示 与…… 有关的;…… 的。用于将名词转化为具有相关性的形容词,强调所属或关联的性质。
nature(自然)→ natural(自然的)
We should protect the natural environment.(我们应该保护自然环境。)
nation(国家)→ national(国家的)
We celebrate National Day on October 1st.(我们在 10 月 1 日庆祝国庆节。)
person(人)→ personal(个人的;私人的)
This is my personal computer.(这是我的个人电脑。)
culture(文化)→ cultural(文化的)
We had a cultural exchange with foreign students.(我们和外国学生进行了一次文化交流。)
2.中考考查重点
(1)词汇拼写
在单词拼写题中考查名词转形容词后的正确拼写形式
例如,给出名词 health,要求写出其形容词形式(healthy)。
(2)语法填空
在语法填空题中,根据句子的语法结构和语义要求,正确填写名词转换后的形容词形式
例如:We should keep our classroom ______ (clean).(我们应该保持我们的教室干净。) 这里需要将名词 clean(清洁;打扫)转换为形容词 clean(干净的)来作宾语补足语。
(3)句子翻译
在句子翻译题中,准确运用名词转换后的形容词来表达句子意思
例如:这座历史建筑很有名。 可翻译为 This historical building is very famous. 其中 historical 是由名词 history 转换而来的形容词。
(4)词性辨析
在选择题、完形填空等题型中,考查对名词和其转换后的形容词在句子中的词性辨析和正确使用
例如:- The ______ news made us very sad.
- Yes, it's really a ______.
A. disappointed; disappointment
B. disappointing; disappointment
答案是 B,第一个空需要一个形容词来修饰名词 news,disappointing 表示 令人失望的,用于描述事物的性质;disappointed 通常用于形容人感到失望的状态;第二个空 a 后面需要一个名词,disappointment 是由动词 disappoint 派生的名词,符合句子要求。
(五)形容词转副词
1.一般规则
加 - ly 后缀
用于修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,表示程度、方式、时间、地点等。
quick(快的)→ quickly(快地)
He runs quickly.(他跑得很快。) 这里 quickly 修饰动词 runs,表示动作的方式。
slow(慢的)→ slowly(慢地)
The old man walked slowly.(这位老人走得很慢。)slowly 修饰动词 walked,体现动作的速度。
careful(小心的)→ carefully(小心地)
She answered the question carefully.(她小心地回答了问题。)
carefully 修饰动词 answered,表明动作的状态。
2.特殊规则
(1)以辅音字母 + y 结尾的形容词
把 y 变成 i,再加 - ly,y 前面是辅音字母时,其发音为 [i]
happy(快乐的)→ happily(快乐地)
They lived happily ever after.(他们从此过上了快乐的生活。)
happily 修饰动词 lived,表示生活的状态。
heavy(重的)→ heavily(沉重地;大量地)
It rained heavily last night.(昨晚雨下得很大。)
heavily 修饰动词 rained,描述雨下的程度。
easy(容易的)→ easily(容易地)
You can easily solve this problem.(你可以很容易地解决这个问题。)
easily 修饰动词 solve,说明解决问题的难易程度。
(2)以 - le 结尾的形容词
去 e 加 - y。
simple(简单的)→ simply(简单地;仅仅)
He explained it simply.(他简单地解释了一下。)
simply 修饰动词 explained,表明解释的方式。
terrible(可怕的)→ terribly(非常;很;可怕地)
I'm terribly sorry.(我非常抱歉。)
terribly 修饰形容词 sorry,加强语气,表示程度。
(3)以 - ic 结尾的形容词
加 - ally。
basic(基本的)→ basically(基本上;主要地)
Basically, you're right.(基本上,你是对的。)
basically 在句首,修饰整个句子,表示大致的情况。
dramatic(戏剧性的)→ dramatically(戏剧性地;显著地)
The situation has changed dramatically.(形势发生了戏剧性的变化。)
dramatically 修饰动词 changed,描述变化的方式和程度。
3.形容词和副词同形的情况
(1)相同形式的词性判断
有些词既可以作形容词又可以作副词,且形式不变。
fast(快的 / 快地)
He is a fast runner.(他是一个跑得快的人。)
这里 fast 是形容词,修饰名词 runner;
He runs fast.(他跑得很快。) 这里 fast 是副词,修饰动词 runs。
early(早的 / 早地)
She takes an early bus.(她乘坐早班车。)
early 是形容词,修饰名词 bus;
She gets up early.(她起床早。)early 是副词,修饰动词 gets up。
late(晚的 / 晚地)
He had a late dinner.(他吃了一顿晚的晚餐。)
late 是形容词,修饰名词 dinner
He came home late.(他回家晚了。)
late 是副词,修饰动词 came home。
hard(硬的 / 努力地)
This is a hard stone.(这是一块硬石头。)
hard 是形容词,修饰名词 stone;
He works hard.(他努力工作。)
hard 是副词,修饰动词 works。
4.中考考查重点
(1)词汇拼写
在单词拼写题中考查形容词转副词后的正确拼写形式
例如,给出形容词 quick,要求写出其副词形式(quickly);
给出 happy,要求写出副词(happily),重点考查特殊规则的拼写。
(2)语法填空
在语法填空题中,根据句子的语法结构和语义要求,正确填写形容词转换后的副词形式
例如:She smiled ______ (bright) when she heard the good news.(当她听到这个好消息时,她灿烂地笑了。) 这里需要将形容词 bright 转换为副词 brightly 来修饰动词 smiled。
(3)句子翻译
在句子翻译题中,准确运用形容词转换后的副词来表达句子意思
例如:他安静地离开了房间。
可翻译为 He left the room quietly. 其中 quietly 是由形容词 quiet 转换而来的副词。
(4)词性辨析
在选择题、完形填空等题型中,考查对形容词和其转换后的副词在句子中的词性辨析和正确使用
例如:- He is a ______ boy.
- Yes, he always does his homework ______.
A. careful; carefully B. carefully; careful
答案是 A,第一个空需要一个形容词来修饰名词 boy,careful 符合;第二个空需要一个副词来修饰动词 does,carefully 正确。
(六)其他常见词性转换
1.数词转形容词
用于表示顺序。一般规律是在基数词后加 - th,但有一些特殊变化,如:
one(一)→ first(第一)
two(二)→ second(第二)
three(三)→ third(第三)
five(五)→ fifth(第五)
nine(九)→ ninth(第九)
twelve(十二)→ twelfth(第十二)
twenty(二十)→ twentieth(第二十)
2.代词转形容词
形容词性物主代词:如 my(我的)、your(你的 / 你们的)、his(他的)、her(她的)、its(它的)、our(我们的)、their(他们 / 她们 / 它们的),是由代词转化而来,用于修饰名词,表示所属关系。例如:This is my book.(这是我的书。)
3.中考考查重点
(1)词性转换的规则
在单词拼写、语法填空等题型中直接考查词性转换的形式
例如,给出动词 decide,要求写出其名词形式(decision);
给出形容词 happy,要求写出其副词形式(happily)。
(2)词性转换后的语法功能
在语法填空、完形填空、句子改写等题型中,考查词性转换后词在句子中的正确语法功能
例如,He is a ______ (care) boy. He always makes mistakes.
(他是个粗心的男孩。他总是犯错。) 这里需要将名词 care 转换为形容词 careless 来修饰名词 boy。
She answered the question ______ (quick).(她很快地回答了问题。)
需要将形容词 quick 转换为副词 quickly 来修饰动词 answered。
(3)词性转换与其他知识点的综合考查
与句子成分、时态、语态等知识点结合考查
例如,The ______ (invent) of the computer has changed our lives.(电脑的发明改变了我们的生活。)
这里不仅考查动词 invent 转换为名词 invention,还涉及到 the + 名词 + of… 的结构以及句子的主谓宾成分等知识点。
三、课后练习
(一)单词拼写
She is a famous ______ (sing), and many people like her songs.
答案:singer
解析:根据句子结构,这里需要一个表示职业的名词,“sing”(唱歌)的名词形式是 “singer”(歌手)。
The book is so ______ (interest) that I can't put it down.
答案:interesting
解析:“so...that...” 结构中,so 后需要接形容词,“interest” 的形容词有 “interesting”(令人感兴趣的)和 “interested”(感兴趣的),这里形容书是令人感兴趣的,所以用 “interesting”。
We should protect the ______ (environment) to make our earth more beautiful.
答案:environment
解析:“environment” 本身是名词,“保护环境” 直接用 “protect the environment”。
His ______ (ill) made him stay in hospital for a week.
答案:illness
解析:句子中 “His” 是形容词性物主代词,后面需要接名词,“ill” 的名词形式是 “illness”(疾病)。
She greeted us with a ______ (cheer) smile.
答案:cheerful
解析:“smile” 是名词,前面需要用形容词来修饰,“cheer” 的形容词是 “cheerful”(愉快的)。
The ______ (develop) of science and technology has changed our lives a lot.
答案:development
解析:“The...of...” 结构中,中间需要一个名词,“develop”(发展)的名词形式是 “development”。
We are all ______ (pride) of our country's achievements.
答案:proud
解析:“be proud of...” 是一个固定短语,意思是 “为…… 感到骄傲”,“pride” 是名词,其形容词形式是 “proud”。
The little boy is very ______ (care), and he often makes mistakes in his homework.
答案:careless
解析:根据 “he often makes mistakes” 可知这个小男孩很粗心,“care” 的形容词 “careless” 表示 “粗心的”。
My sister's ______ (hobby) include reading and dancing.
答案:hobbies
解析:“include” 是动词原形,说明前面的主语是复数,“hobby”(爱好)的复数形式是 “hobbies”。
The ______ (high) of the mountain is about 2000 meters.
答案:height
解析:“The...of...” 结构中,中间需要一个名词,“high”(高的)的名词形式是 “height”(高度)。
They had a ______ (discuss) about how to solve the problem.
答案:discussion
解析:“a” 后面需要接名词,“discuss”(讨论)的名词形式是 “discussion”。
The ______ (win) of the competition will get a prize.
答案:winner
解析:句子中 “of the competition” 表示所属关系,前面需要一个表示人的名词,“win”(赢)的名词形式是 “winner”(获胜者)。
It's ______ (danger) to play football in the street.
答案:dangerous
解析:“It's + 形容词 + to do sth.” 是一个固定句型,“danger”(危险)的形容词形式是 “dangerous”(危险的)。
His words made me feel ______ (comfort).
答案:comfortable
解析:“feel” 是系动词,后面需要接形容词,“comfort”(安慰)的形容词形式是 “comfortable”(舒服的;舒适的)。
The ______ (operate) was very successful and the patient is getting better.
答案:operation
解析:句子中 “The” 后面需要接名词,“operate”(做手术)的名词形式是 “operation”(手术)。
She is a ______ (create) writer and her novels are very popular.
答案:creative
解析:“writer” 是名词,前面需要用形容词来修饰,“create”(创造)的形容词是 “creative”(有创造力的)。
The ______ (grow) of the plants needs enough sunlight and water.
答案:growth
解析:“The...of...” 结构中,中间需要一个名词,“grow”(生长)的名词形式是 “growth”。
He has a good ______ (know) of English history.
答案:knowledge
解析:“a good...” 后面需要接名词,“know”(知道)的名词形式是 “knowledge”(知识)。
The movie is very ______ (educate) and it's good for children to watch.
答案:educational
解析:“is” 是系动词,后面需要接形容词,“educate”(教育)的形容词是 “educational”(有教育意义的)。
The ______ (collect) of stamps is his hobby.
答案:collection
解析:“The...of...” 结构中,中间需要一个名词,“collect”(收集)的名词形式是 “collection”(收集品;收藏品)。
She gave a ______ (wonder) performance and won the first prize.
答案:wonderful
解析:“performance” 是名词,前面需要用形容词来修饰,“wonder”(奇迹)的形容词是 “wonderful”(精彩的)。
His ______ (decide) to study abroad surprised his parents.
答案:decision
解析:“His” 是形容词性物主代词,后面需要接名词,“decide”(决定)的名词形式是 “decision”。
The ______ (serve) in this restaurant is very good and the food is delicious.
答案:service
解析:“The” 后面需要接名词,“serve”(服务)的名词形式是 “service”。
We should be ______ (thank) to those who help us.
答案:thankful
解析:“be” 动词后面需要接形容词,“thank”(感谢)的形容词是 “thankful”(感激的)。
The ______ (appear) of the new product attracted a lot of customers.
答案:appearance
解析:“The...of...” 结构中,中间需要一个名词,“appear”(出现)的名词形式是 “appearance”(出现;外貌)。
He is a very ______ (humor) person and he always makes us laugh.
答案:humorous
解析:“person” 是名词,前面需要用形容词来修饰,“humor”(幽默)的形容词是 “humorous”(幽默的)。
The ______ (excite) news made everyone happy.
答案:exciting
解析:“news” 是名词,前面需要用形容词来修饰,“excite”(使兴奋)的形容词有 “exciting”(令人兴奋的)和 “excited”(兴奋的),这里形容消息是令人兴奋的,所以用 “exciting”。
The ______ (deep) of the river is about five meters.
答案:depth
解析:“The...of...” 结构中,中间需要一个名词,“deep”(深的)的名词形式是 “depth”(深度)。
Her ______ (kind) made the homeless boy feel warm.
答案:kindness
解析:“Her” 是形容词性物主代词,后面需要接名词,“kind”(善良的)的名词形式是 “kindness”(善良;好意)。
The ______ (strong) of the wind made it hard to walk outside.
答案:strength
解析:“The...of...” 结构中,中间需要一个名词,“strong”(强壮的)的名词形式是 “strength”(力量)。
(二)用所给单词的适当形式填空
The story is so ______ (touch) that many people were moved to tears.
答案:touching
解析:“so...that...” 结构中,so 后需要接形容词,“touch”(触动)的形容词有 “touching”(令人感动的)和 “touched”(受感动的),这里形容故事是令人感动的,所以用 “touching”。
He is a ______ (success) businessman and his company is very famous.
答案:successful
解析:“businessman” 是名词,前面需要用形容词来修饰,“success”(成功)的形容词是 “successful”(成功的)。
The ______ (true) is that we have to work hard to achieve our goals.
答案:truth
解析:“The” 后面需要接名词,“true”(真实的)的名词形式是 “truth”(真相;事实)。
She has a ______ (beauty) voice and we all like her singing.
答案:beautiful
解析:“voice” 是名词,前面需要用形容词来修饰,“beauty”(美丽)的形容词是 “beautiful”(美丽的)。
They are making ______ (prepare) for the coming party.
答案:preparations
解析:“make preparations for...” 是一个固定短语,意思是 “为…… 做准备”,“prepare”(准备)的名词形式是 “preparation”,这里用复数形式。
The ______ (invent) of the telephone changed the way people communicate.
答案:invention
解析:“The...of...” 结构中,中间需要一个名词,“invent”(发明)的名词形式是 “invention”。
His ______ (confident) helped him pass the interview.
答案:confidence
解析:“His” 是形容词性物主代词,后面需要接名词,“confident”(自信的)的名词形式是 “confidence”(自信)。
We should try our best to solve the ______ (environment) problems.
答案:environmental
解析:“problems” 是名词,前面需要用形容词来修饰,“environment”(环境)的形容词是 “environmental”(环境的)。
The ______ (art) painted a beautiful picture of the sunset.
答案:artist
解析:根据句子结构,这里需要一个表示职业的名词,“art”(艺术)的名词形式 “artist”(艺术家)符合句子意思。
The ______ (improve) of his English is very obvious.
答案:improvement
解析:“The...of...” 结构中,中间需要一个名词,“improve”(提高)的名词形式是 “improvement”。
She is a ______ (love) girl and everyone likes to be friends with her.
答案:lovely
解析:“girl” 是名词,前面需要用形容词来修饰,“love”(爱)的形容词是 “lovely”(可爱的)。
The ______ (science) are doing research on a new kind of medicine.
答案:scientists
解析:根据句子结构,这里需要一个表示人的名词,“science”(科学)的名词形式 “scientist”(科学家),句子中 “are” 说明主语是复数,所以用 “scientists”。
The ______ (manage) of the company is very strict with his employees.
答案:manager
解析:根据句子结构,这里需要一个表示人的名词,“manage”(管理)的名词形式 “manager”(经理)符合句子意思。
The ______ (surprise) look on his face showed that he didn't expect it.
答案:surprised
解析:“look” 是名词,前面需要用形容词来修饰,“surprise”(使惊讶)的形容词有 “surprising”(令人惊讶的)和 “surprised”(感到惊讶的),这里形容他自己感到惊讶的表情,所以用 “surprised”。
The ______ (introduce) of this new technology will bring great changes.
答案:introduction
解析:“The...of...” 结构中,中间需要一个名词,“introduce”(介绍;引进)的名词形式是 “introduction”。
四、真题模拟
【2024 山东济南】He is a very ______ (care) student. He often makes mistakes in his homework.
答案:careless
解析:根据 “He often makes mistakes in his homework.” 可知他是一个粗心的学生,“care” 的形容词形式 “careless” 表示 “粗心的”,符合语境。
【2024 江苏南京】The ______ (die) of his dog made him very sad.
答案:death
解析:定冠词 “The” 后应接名词,“die” 的名词形式是 “death”,表示 “死亡”,在此句中作主语。
【2024 广东深圳】We should speak to the old ______ (polite).
答案:politely
解析:此空修饰动词 “speak”,需用副词形式,“polite” 的副词形式是 “politely”,意为 “有礼貌地”。
【2024 四川成都】This is one of the ______ (big) cities in China.
答案:biggest
解析:“one of + the + 形容词最高级 + 复数名词” 表示 “最…… 之一”,“big” 的最高级形式是 “biggest”。
【2024 湖北武汉】The ______ (invent) of the computer has changed our lives a lot.
答案:invention
解析:定冠词 “The” 后接名词,“invent” 的名词形式是 “invention”,意为 “发明”,在此句中作主语。
【2024 湖南长沙】It's ______ (possible) for me to finish the work in such a short time.
答案:impossible
解析:根据 “in such a short time” 可知在这么短的时间内完成工作是不可能的,“possible” 的否定形式是 “impossible”。
【2024 浙江杭州】She is a ______ (success) singer and has many fans.
答案:successful
解析:此空修饰名词 “singer”,需用形容词形式,“success” 的形容词形式是 “successful”,意为 “成功的”。
【2024 河南郑州】The little girl is old enough to dress ______ (she).
答案:herself
解析:dress oneself 表示 “给自己穿衣服”,“she” 的反身代词是 “herself”。
【2024 河北石家庄】His father is a good ______ (drive). He drives very well.
答案:driver
解析:根据 “He drives very well.” 可知他父亲是一名好司机,“drive” 的名词形式是 “driver”,表示 “司机”。
【2024 辽宁沈阳】Please keep ______ (quietly)! The baby is sleeping.
答案:quiet
解析:“keep + 形容词” 表示 “保持某种状态”,“quietly” 的形容词形式是 “quiet”。
【2023 山东济南】He is a very ______ (care) student. He often makes mistakes in his homework.
答案:careless
解析:根据 “He often makes mistakes in his homework.” 可知他是一个粗心的学生,“care” 的形容词形式 “careless” 表示 “粗心的”,符合语境 。
【2023 江苏南京】The ______ (die) of his dog made him very sad.
答案:death
解析:定冠词 “The” 后应接名词,“die” 的名词形式是 “death”,表示 “死亡”,在此句中作主语。
【2023 广东深圳】We should speak to the old ______ (polite).
答案:politely
解析:此空修饰动词 “speak”,需用副词形式,“polite” 的副词形式是 “politely”,意为 “有礼貌地”。
【2023 四川成都】This is one of the ______ (big) cities in China.
答案:biggest
解析:“one of + the + 形容词最高级 + 复数名词” 表示 “最…… 之一”,“big” 的最高级形式是 “biggest”。
【2023 湖北武汉】The ______ (invent) of the computer has changed our lives a lot.
答案:invention
解析:定冠词 “The” 后接名词,“invent” 的名词形式是 “invention”,意为 “发明”,在此句中作主语。
【2023 湖南长沙】It's ______ (possible) for me to finish the work in such a short time.
答案:impossible
解析:根据 “in such a short time” 可知在这么短的时间内完成工作是不可能的,“possible” 的否定形式是 “impossible”。
【2023 浙江杭州】She is a ______ (success) singer and has many fans.
答案:successful
解析:此空修饰名词 “singer”,需用形容词形式,“success” 的形容词形式是 “successful”,意为 “成功的”。
【2023 河南郑州】The little girl is old enough to dress ______ (she).
答案:herself
解析:dress oneself 表示 “给自己穿衣服”,“she” 的反身代词是 “herself”。
【2023 河北石家庄】His father is a good ______ (drive). He drives very well.
答案:driver
解析:根据 “He drives very well.” 可知他父亲是一名好司机,“drive” 的名词形式是 “driver”,表示 “司机”。
【2023 辽宁沈阳】Please keep ______ (quietly)! The baby is sleeping.
答案:quiet
解析:“keep + 形容词” 表示 “保持某种状态”,“quietly” 的形容词形式是 “quiet” 。
【2023 上海】There are many different ______ (plant) in that small garden.
答案:plants
解析:plant “植物”,名词;many 修饰可数名词的复数,故用其复数形式 plants.
【2023 上海】Lily is reading the ______ (six) story in the book about Chinese history.
答案:sixth
解析:six 是基数词,结合 “the...story” 可知此处应用序数词表示顺序,故填 sixth.
【2023 上海】He learned how to make zongzi by ______ (he) on the Dragon Boat Festival.
答案:himself
解析:by oneself “独自”,主语是 he,反身代词用 himself,故填 himself.
【2023 上海】These tips are ______ (use) to improve your social skills. Why not take them?
答案:used
解析:固定短语 be used to do sth “被用来做某事”,故填 used.
【2023 上海】More citizens agree to be green travelers so as to reduce air ______ (pollute).
答案:pollution
解析:根据 “reduce air” 可知,此处是减少空气污染。pollution “污染”,不可数名词,故填 pollution.
【2023 上海】The journalist hoped to ______ (reporter) the brave act of the fireman.
答案:report
解析:reporter “记者”,名词。hope to do sth.“希望做某事”,故空格处用动词原形 report “报道”.
【2023 上海】With the help of his workmates, he was able to operate the machine ______ (correct).
答案:correctly
解析:correct “正确的”,形容词;此处用其副词形式 correctly,修饰动词 operate,故填 correctly.
【2023 上海】If you are ______ (lucky) to get lost, calm down and look for possible help.
答案:unlucky
解析:lucky “幸运的”,是形容词,根据 “get lost” 可知是指不幸的,unlucky 符合语境,故填 unlucky.
【2022 云南】After the 2022 Spring Festival Gala, dance-poem drama Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains became ______ known all over China. (wide)
答案:widely
解析:此空修饰动词 “known”,需用副词形式,“wide” 的副词形式是 “widely”,表示 “广泛地”。
【2022 山东】We should behave ______ in public. (polite)
答案:politely
解析:副词修饰实义动词,“behave” 是行为动词,所以用形容词 “polite” 的副词形式 “politely”,意为 “有礼貌地”。
【2022 湖北】Thomas Edison, one of the greatest ______ in the world, created over 1,000 things. (invent)
答案:inventors
解析:爱迪生是发明家,“invent” 的名词形式 “inventor” 表示 “发明家”,“one of + the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数” 表示 “最…… 之一”,所以用 “inventors”。
【2022 四川】It's no use learning words if you don't know how to use them ______. (correct)
答案:correctly
解析:此空修饰动词 “use”,需用副词形式,“correct” 的副词形式是 “correctly”,意为 “正确地”。
【2022 广东】The ______ of AI will enable us to learn more about our brains. (develop)
答案:development
解析:定冠词 “The” 后接名词,“develop” 的名词形式是 “development”,意为 “发展”,在此句中作主语。
【2022 江苏】I really hate myself for what I said to mum the other day. I know the ______. (feel)
答案:feeling
解析:定冠词 “The” 后接名词,“feel” 的名词形式是 “feeling”,意为 “感觉”。
【2022 湖南】You should learn to make a ______ by yourself. (decide)
答案:decision
解析:“make a decision” 是固定搭配,意为 “做决定”,“decide” 的名词形式是 “decision”。
【2022 河南】He seemed very ______. He got an A in the English test. (happy)
答案:happy
解析:“seem” 是系动词,后接形容词作表语,“happy” 本身就是形容词,意为 “高兴的”。
【2022 河北】As we all know, a ______ driver is always a danger to the public. (care)
答案:careless
解析:根据 “is always a danger to the public” 可知是粗心的司机,“care” 的形容词形式 “careless” 表示 “粗心的”。
【2022 辽宁】If you don't have a deep love for something, don't be ______ until you find one. (satisfy)
答案:satisfied
解析:“be satisfied” 是固定搭配,意为 “感到满意”,“satisfy” 的形容词形式是 “satisfied”。
【2022 贵州】Greenhouse gases are ______ to the environment. (harm)
答案:harmful
解析:系动词 “be” 后跟形容词作表语,“harm” 的形容词形式是 “harmful”,“be harmful to” 表示 “对…… 有害”。
【2022 上海】Please keep ______! The baby is sleeping. (quietly)
答案:quiet
解析:“keep + 形容词” 表示 “保持某种状态”,“quietly” 的形容词形式是 “quiet”。
【2022 浙江】Which is more ______ to you, health or wealth? (value)
答案:valuable
解析:“be valuable to” 表示 “对…… 有价值”,“value” 的形容词形式是 “valuable”。
【2022 陕西】There are many ______ between the twins. One is shy, but the other is outgoing. (different)
答案:differences
解析:“many” 修饰可数名词复数,“different” 的名词形式是 “difference”,其复数形式为 “differences”。
【2022 吉林】The mother said goodbye with a smile, but her eyes couldn't hide her ______. (sad)
答案:sadness
解析:形容词性物主代词 “her” 后接名词,“sad” 的名词形式是 “sadness”,意为 “悲伤”。
【2022 福建】We can't simply judge a book by its cover or its title. (simple)
答案:simply
解析:副词修饰动词,“judge” 是动词,“simple” 的副词形式是 “simply”,意为 “简单地”。
【2022 黑龙江】If you don't know the name of the plant, please write ______ in your notebook. (know)
答案:unknown
解析:根据 “don't know” 可知是不知道,所以写 “未知”,“know” 的形容词形式 “unknown” 表示 “未知的”。
【2022 内蒙古】The disabled won't feel that lonely if everyone can do something to help them. (able)
答案:disabled
解析:“the + 形容词” 表示一类人,“able” 的形容词形式 “disabled” 表示 “残疾的”,“the disabled” 意为 “残疾人”。
【2022 甘肃】Nothing is a waste if we have a ______ mind. (create)
答案:creative
解析:此空修饰名词 “mind”,需用形容词形式,“create” 的形容词形式是 “creative”,意为 “有创造力的”。
【2022 宁夏】China has made great ______ since it opened its doors to the outside world. (achieve)
答案:achievements
解析:“make great achievements” 是固定搭配,意为 “取得巨大成就”,“achieve” 的名词形式是 “achievement”,其复数形式为 “achievements” 。
【2022 青海】Guiyang is developing so ______ that more and more graduates choose to work there. (quick)
答案:quickly
解析:副词修饰动词,“develop” 是动词,“quick” 的副词形式是 “quickly”,意为 “快速地”。
【2022 新疆】Ben was very ______ to have a dog helper. (luck)
答案:lucky
解析:“be lucky to do sth.” 表示 “做某事很幸运”,“luck” 的形容词形式是 “lucky”。
【2022 西藏】Mobike is considered to be a new ______ in China. (invent)
答案:invention
解析:“a new” 后接名词,“invent” 的名词形式是 “invention”,意为 “发明”。
【2022 海南】It's ______ possible that humans have to move to Mars in the future. (high)
答案:highly
解析:此空修饰形容词 “possible”,需用副词形式,“high” 的副词形式是 “highly”,表示 “很,非常”。
【2022 天津】Before you answer the question, please think it ______. (careful)
答案:carefully
解析:副词修饰动词,“think” 是动词,“careful” 的副词形式是 “carefully”,意为 “仔细地”。
【2022 重庆】Every year, about 6.5 million people die because of air ______. (pollute)
答案:pollution
解析:“air pollution” 表示 “空气污染”,“pollute” 的名词形式是 “pollution”。
【2022 广西】The oceans are ______ polluted by plastic waste. (heavy)
答案:heavily
解析:副词修饰动词,“polluted” 是动词的过去分词形式,“heavy” 的副词形式是 “heavily”,意为 “严重地”。
【2022 江西】I will never forget the days I spent with my host family in Britain. (forgetful)
答案:forget
解析:“will never forget” 表示 “永远不会忘记”,“forgetful” 是形容词,“forget” 是动词。
【2022 安徽】Fortunately, no one was seriously hurt in the earthquake several weeks ago. (serious)
答案:seriously
解析:副词修饰动词,“hurt” 是动词,“serious” 的副词形式是 “seriously”,意为 “严重地”。
【2022 江苏南京】You are old enough to dress ______. (you)
答案:yourself
解析:dress oneself 表示 “给自己穿衣服”,“you” 的反身代词是 “yourself”。
【2022 浙江杭州】He is a very careful student. He often checks his homework ______. (care)
答案:carefully
解析:此空修饰动词 “checks”,需用副词形式,“care” 的副词形式是 “carefully”,意为 “仔细地”。
【2022 广东深圳】This is one of the ______cities in China. (big)
答案:biggest
解析:“one of + the + 形容词最高级 + 复数名词” 表示 “最…… 之一”,“big” 的最高级形式是 “biggest”。
【2022 四川成都】The ______ of the computer has changed our lives a lot. (invent)
答案:invention
解析:定冠词 “The” 后接名词,“invent” 的名词形式是 “invention”,意为 “发明”,在此句中作主语。
【2022 湖北武汉】We should speak to the old______. (polite)
答案:politely
解析:此空修饰动词 “speak”,需用副词形式,“polite” 的副词形式是 “politely”,意为 “有礼貌地”。
【2022 湖南长沙】It's ______ for me to finish the work in such a short time. (possible)
答案:impossible
解析:根据 “in such a short time” 可知在这么短的时间内完成工作是不可能的,“possible” 的否定形式是 “impossible”。
【2022 河南郑州】His father is a good ______. He drives very well. (drive)
答案:driver
解析:根据 “He ______ very well.” 可知他父亲是一名好司机,“drive” 的名词形式是 “driver”,表示 “司机”。
【2022 河北石家庄】She is a ______ singer and has many fans. (success)
答案:successful
解析:此空修饰名词 “singer”,需用形容词形式,“success” 的形容词形式是 “successful”,意为 “成功的”。
【2022 辽宁沈阳】Look at you! You're breathing so ______. We're not even halfway there yet. (heavy)
答案:heavily
解析:此空修饰动词 “breathing”,需用副词形式,“heavy” 的副词形式是 “heavily”,意为 “沉重地”。
【2022 贵州贵阳】After the earthquake, plenty of food and clothes were provided for the ______ people. (home)
答案:homeless
解析:根据 “people” 可知此处缺少形容词修饰,“home” 的形容词形式 “homeless” 表示 “无家可归的”,修饰名词。
【2022 上海】There are many different ______ in that small garden. (plant)
答案:plants
解析:“many” 修饰可数名词复数,“plant” 的复数形式是 “plants”。
【2022 江苏苏州】Lily is reading the______ story in the book about Chinese history. (six)
答案:sixth
解析:表示 “第几个” 需用序数词,“six” 的序数词形式是 “sixth”。
【2022 浙江宁波】He learned how to make zongzi by______ on the Dragon Boat Festival. (he)
答案:himself
解析:by oneself “独自”,主语是 “he”,反身代词用 “himself”。
【2022 福建厦门】These tips are ______ to improve your social skills. Why not take them? (use)
答案:used
解析:“be used to do sth.” 表示 “被用来做某事”,“use” 的过去分词形式是 “used”。
【2022 广东珠海】More citizens agree to be green travelers so as to reduce air ______. (pollute)
答案:pollution
解析:“air pollution” 表示 “空气污染”,“pollute” 的名词形式是 “pollution”。
【2022 海南海口】The journalist hoped to ______ the brave act of the fireman. (reporter)
答案:report
解析:“hope to do sth.” 表示 “希望做某事”,“reporter” 是名词,“report” 是动词,意为 “报道”。
【2022 广西南宁】With the help of his workmates, he was able to operate the machine ______. (correct)
答案:correctly
解析:此空修饰动词 “operate”,需用副词形式,“correct” 的副词形式是 “correctly”,意为 “正确地”。
【2022 江西南昌】If you are ______ to get lost, calm down and look for possible help. (lucky)
答案:unlucky
解析:根据 “get lost” 可知是不幸的,“lucky” 的否定形式是 “unlucky”。
【2022 安徽合肥】March 8 is ______ Day. (woman)
答案:Women's
解析:“Women's Day” 表示 “妇女节”,用复数形式的所有格。
【2022 天津滨海新区】This book belongs to you. Where is ______? (me)
答案:mine
解析:“mine” 是名词性物主代词,相当于 “my + 名词”,在此句中表示 “我的书”。
【2022 重庆万州】The visitors are ______ students. (main)
答案:mainly
解析:此空修饰动词 “are”,需用副词形式,“main” 的副词形式是 “mainly”,意为 “主要地”。
【2022 甘肃兰州】I am ______ about my schoolwork because I haven't worked hard this term. (worry)
答案:worried
解析:“be worried about” 表示 “担心……”,“worry” 的形容词形式是 “worried”。
【2022 宁夏银川】Your pet dog is so______ that all of us like to play with it. (love)
答案:lovely
解析:此空修饰名词 “dog”,需用形容词形式,“love” 的形容词形式是 “lovely”,意为 “可爱的”。
【2022 青海西宁】It has been snowing ______ for a whole day. (heavy)
答案:heavily
解析:此空修饰动词 “snowing
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