内容正文:
第9讲 冠词
一、考情分析
(一)考情分析
1.考查频率较高
冠词是中考英语的重要语法点之一,在各地中考中出现的频率较高,几乎是每年必考内容。
2.重点突出
主要考查不定冠词(a/an)、定冠词(the)的用法以及零冠词的情况。其中,不定冠词和定冠词的用法是考查重点,需要考生准确理解和掌握在不同语境下的正确使用。
3.语境理解要求高
题目通常会设置具体的语境,要求考生根据语境来判断使用哪种冠词或是否使用冠词,这不仅考查了考生对冠词基本用法的掌握,还考查了考生对语境的理解和分析能力。
(二)常见题型
1.单项选择题
这是冠词考查的最常见题型。给出一个句子,让考生在四个选项中选择正确的冠词来填空。
例如:There is ______ “h” in the word “hour”, but ______ “h” doesn't make a sound.(2023 年某地区中考题)
答案:an;the。
解析:第一个空,“h” 的发音是 [eɪtʃ],是以元音音素开头的,所以用不定冠词 “an”;第二个空,这里的 “h” 是上文已经提到过的,所以用定冠词 “the” 来特指。
2.完形填空题:在文章中留出一些空白,让考生根据上下文的逻辑和语境选择正确的冠词填空。这种题型对考生的综合语言运用能力要求较高。
例如:I saw ______ interesting film last night. ______ film was about a brave boy.(2022 年某地区中考模拟题)
答案:an;The。
解析:第一个空,“interesting” 是以元音音素开头的单词,所以用 “an”;第二个空,后面的 “film” 是第二次提到,指的是上文提到的那部电影,所以用定冠词 “the”。
3.短文改错题:给出一篇短文,其中可能会有冠词使用错误的地方,让考生找出并改正。这种题型考查考生对冠词用法的掌握是否准确和熟练。
例如:I have a cat. A cat is black and white.(2021 年某地区中考真题改编)
答案:把 “A” 改为 “The”。
解析:第一句中提到了 “a cat”,表示有一只猫,第二句中再次提到这只猫时,应该用定冠词 “the” 来特指。
二、考点分析
(一)冠词的定义和分类
1.定义
冠词是一种虚词,用于限定名词,说明名词所指的人或事物是泛指还是特指。
2.分类
(1)不定冠词:a 和 an,用于泛指,表示 “一个(件、条……)”。
(2)定冠词:the,用于特指,表示 “这个 / 这些、那个 / 那些”。
(二)不定冠词的用法辨析
1.a 和 an 的区别
(1)a 用于辅音音素开头的单词前
这里的辅音音素是指发音,而不是字母。
例如:a book(一本书),book发音 [bʊk],开头是辅音音素 [b];
a university(一所大学),university虽然以元音字母 u 开头,但发音 [ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsəti],开头是辅音音素 [j],所以用 a。
(2)an 用于元音音素开头的单词前
例如:an apple(一个苹果),apple发音[ˈæpl],开头是元音音素[æ];
an hour(一个小时),hour发音[ˈaʊə(r)],开头是元音音素[aʊ],所以用 an。
2.不定冠词的常见用法
(1)表示数量 “一”
用于可数名词单数前,强调数量为一个。
例如:I have a pen.(我有一支钢笔。)
(2)泛指某一类人或事物中的一个
用于首次提到的人或事物,代表这类事物中的一个。
例如:A dog is a loyal animal.(狗是一种忠诚的动物。)
(3)用于某些固定搭配中
例如:a little(一点儿)、a few(几个)、a lot of(许多)、have a cold(感冒)、take a walk(散步)等。在这些短语中,不定冠词的使用是固定的,帮助构成特定的语义。
(三)定冠词的用法辨析
1.特指双方都明白的人或事物
在对话或特定情境中明确指代对象
例如:Please close the door.(请把门关上。) 这里说话者和听话者都知道指的是哪扇门。
2.上文提到过的人或事物
用于第二次及以后提及同一事物时
例如:I saw a book on the desk. The book is very interesting.(我看见桌子上有一本书。这本书很有意思。)
第一次提到 “book” 用 a,第二次提到同一本书就用 the。
3.用于世界上独一无二的事物前
如太阳、月亮、地球等
例如:The sun rises in the east.(太阳从东方升起。)
The earth is our home.(地球是我们的家园。)
4.用于序数词和形容词最高级前
表示顺序和程度最高的情况
序数词前:He is the first to come.(他是第一个来的。)
最高级前:She is the tallest girl in our class.(她是我们班最高的女孩。)
5.用于由普通名词构成的专有名词前
如国家、机构、建筑物等的名称
the United States(美国)、the Great Wall(长城)、the United Nations(联合国)等。
这些专有名词如果没有定冠词,其意义可能会改变或者不明确。
6.用于乐器名称前
表示演奏某种乐器
例如:She can play the piano.(她会弹钢琴。)
7.用于某些形容词前表示一类人
如 the rich(富人)、the poor(穷人)、the old(老人)等
这些短语作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数形式。
例如:The rich often help the poor.(富人经常帮助穷人。)
(四)零冠词(不用冠词)的情况
1.复数名词和不可数名词表示泛指时
强调类别而非个体
例如:Dogs are friendly animals.(狗是友好的动物。)
Water is important for life.(水对生命很重要。)
2.在季节、月份、星期、节日等名词前
表示时间概念本身,而非特指某一时期
例如:Spring is my favorite season.(春天是我最喜欢的季节。)
We celebrate Christmas in December.(我们在十二月庆祝圣诞节。)
3.在球类、棋类等运动名称前
强调运动本身而非某个具体的球或棋盘等
例如:We play football after school.(我们放学后踢足球。)
He likes playing chess.(他喜欢下棋。)
4.在一日三餐名称前
如果不是特指某一顿饭,不用冠词
例如:I have breakfast at 7 o'clock.(我七点吃早餐。)
但如果是特指某一顿饭,要用定冠词
例如The breakfast I had this morning was delicious.(我今天早上吃的早餐很好吃。)
(五)中考考查重点
1.冠词的辨析
在选择题、完形填空等题型中考查不定冠词和定冠词的用法区别,以及零冠词的情况
例如:—Do you have ______ pen?
—Yes, I have one.
A. a B. an
答案是 A,因为pen发音以辅音音素开头。
______ sun is much bigger than ______ earth.
A. A; the B. The; the)
答案是 B,因为 “sun” 和 “earth” 都是世界上独一无二的事物,要用定冠词。
2.冠词在句子中的语法功能
在语法填空、改写句子等题型中考查冠词的正确选用和位置
例如:I want to play ______ basketball after school.(我放学后想打篮球。)
答案是 /,因为在球类运动名称前不用冠词。
______ (a) old man in the park is my grandpa.(公园里的那位老人是我的爷爷。)
答案是The,因为这里是特指公园里的老人,要用定冠词。
3.冠词与其他知识点的综合考查
例如______ second boy on the left is my brother.(左边第二个男孩是我的兄弟。) 中,根据序数词前用定冠词的规则,答案是 “The”,这里还涉及到数词和名词的修饰关系等知识点。
三、课后练习
(一)单项选择题
1.— Do you know ______ girl with long curly hair?
— Yes, she is Mary. She plays ______ tennis very well.
A. a; / B. the; / C. the; the D. a; the
2.There is ______ “u” and ______ “s” in the word “use”.
A. a; a B. an; an C. a; an D. an; a
3.— Is ______ book on the desk yours?
— No, it's not ______. It's Lily's.
A. a; mine B. the; mine C. the; my D. a; my
4.______ Great Wall is one of the seven wonders around the world.
A. The B. A C. An D. /
5.— What do you usually have for ______ breakfast?
— A piece of bread and ______ egg.
A. a; an B. /; the C. a; the D. /; an
6.My sister is ______ honest girl. She always tells the truth.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
7.— Have you seen ______ pen? I left it here this morning.
— Is it ______ black one? I think I saw it somewhere.
A. a; the B. the; the C. the; a D. a; a
8.This is ______ interesting story and it's also ______ useful one.
A. an; an B. an; a C. a; a D. a; an
9.— Do you like playing ______ piano?
— Yes, I do. But I don't like playing ______ football.
A. the; / B. /; the C. the; the D. /; /
10.______ earth we live on is bigger than ______ moon.
A. The; a B. The; the C. An; a D. An; the
11.— Which is ______ biggest, the sun, the earth or the moon?
— The sun, of course.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
12.— I want to have ______ word with you.
— OK. But only ______ few minutes. I have a meeting soon.
A. a; a B. the; a C. a; the D. the; the
13.There is ______ old man sitting under the tree. ______ old man is reading a book.
A. an; The B. an; An C. a; The D. the; The
14.— How do you like ______ movie you watched last night?
— It's so wonderful. I want to watch it ______ second time.
A. a; a B. the; a C. a; the D. the; the
15.— Have you ever been to ______ Palace Museum?
— Yes. It's one of the most famous museums in ______ world.
A. a; a B. the; the C. a; the D. the; a
16.— What's ______ matter with you?
— I have ______ toothache.
A. a; the B. the; a C. /; a D. the; /
17.______ second Sunday of May is Mother's Day. It's ______ special day for children to show their love for their mothers.
A. The; a B. The; the C. A; a D. A; the
18.— Look! There's ______ apple tree in front of the house.
— How beautiful! There are many apples on ______ tree.
A. a; the B. an; the C. the; a D. the; the
19.— Do you know ______ boy in blue?
— Yes. He's a friend of ______.
A. a; mine B. the; mine C. a; my D. the; my
20.— We should have ______ breakfast every day to keep healthy.
— You're right. And we should always have ______ good breakfast.
A. /; a B. the; a C. /; the D. a; a
21.— How about ______ trip to the Great Wall?
— Sounds great. I'm looking forward to ______ visit it.
A. a; a B. the; a C. a; / D. the; /
22.— I'm going to see ______ film. It's said to be ______ very interesting one.
— Have a nice day!
A. a; a B. the; a C. a; the D. the; the
23.— Have you read ______ book called “Alice in Wonderland”?
— Yes. It's ______ wonderful book.
A. a; a B. the; a C. a; the D. the; the
24.— I want to buy ______ umbrella.
— There's a supermarket just around the corner. You can buy one there.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
25.— There's ______ “h” and ______ “u” in the word “huge”.
— Oh, I see.
A. an; a B. a; an C. a; a D. an; an
26.— Is this ______ first time you have visited Hong Kong?
— Yes, it's really ______ interesting place.
A. the; an B. a; an C. the; the D. a; the
27.— Do you know ______ woman in red?
— Yes. She's ______ English teacher.
A. a; a B. the; an C. a; an D. the; a
28.— Let's go for ______ walk after dinner.
— Good idea.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
29.— Have you heard of ______ news about the accident?
— Yes. It's really ______ sad news.
A. the; a B. /; a C. the; / D. /; /
30.— I like reading books. ______ book I'm reading now is “Oliver Twist”.
— It's a classic. I've read it twice.
A. The B. A C. An D. /
31.— Look! There's ______ empty bottle on the ground.
— Let's pick it up and put it into ______ dustbin.
A. a; a B. an; the C. a; the D. the; a
32.— Do you play ______ guitar in your free time?
— No. I like sports. I often play ______ football with my friends.
A. the; / B. /; the C. the; the D. /; /
33.— What ______ fine day! Let's go for a picnic.
— Sounds great.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
34.— Have you seen ______ movie “Avatar”?
— Yes. It's ______ amazing movie.
A. a; an B. the; an C. a; the D. the; the
35.— My sister is ______ university student. She studies hard.
— How wonderful!
A. a B. an C. the D. /
(二)用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
1.He is ______ (a) honest boy. We all like him.
2.There is ______ (a) “s” and ______ (a) “t” in the word “student”.
3.This is ______ (the) most interesting story I've ever heard.
4.I want to be ______ (a) astronaut when I grow up.
5.— Have you seen ______ (the) movie “The Wandering Earth”?
— Yes. It's really wonderful.
6.She plays ______ (the) piano very well.
7.We usually have ______ (a) big dinner on New Year's Eve.
8.______ (The) sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
9.He is ______ (a) tallest boy in our class.
10.— Do you have ______ (a) dictionary?
— Yes. I have two.
(三)句型转换
1.This is a useful book.(改为感叹句)
______ ______ useful book this is!
2.The boy is very clever.(改为感叹句)
______ ______ the boy is!
3.I like reading books.(改为一般疑问句)
______ you ______ reading books?
四、真题模拟
(一)单项选择
【2024黑龙江】—Shenzhou - 18 with three astronauts was sent up on April 25th, 2024. It’s such ________ exciting event.
—Yes. And the astronauts are our heroes. I want to be ________ useful person like them.
A. a, an B. an, a C. a, the
【2024吉林】There is ________ river near our school. We never throw rubbish into it.
A. the B. a C. /
【2024黑龙江绥化】Beijing, ________ capital of China, is ________ city with a long history.
A. /; the B. a; the C. the; a
【2024山东滨州】—Look, ________ car’s license plate (车牌) is green!”
—It’s ________ new energy car. Many people drive new energy cars to replace gas-powered cars.”
A. a; a B. the; a C. a; the
【2024云南保山】Yunnan is such ________ beautiful place with lots of flowers and delicious food.
A. / B. a C. an D. the
【2024黑龙江齐齐哈尔】On March 4th, 2024, the “Two Sessions” (两会) were held at ________ great hall of ________ people in Beijing.
A. a, the B. the, the C. the, a
【2024西藏】The air robot is playing ________ chess with a child.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
【2024江苏宿迁】Suqian is ________ city full of ________ history, culture and mouthwatering food.
A. the; a B. a; a C. the; the D. a; /
【2024天津河北】Beijing is ________ capital city of China. It’s ________ ancient city full of places of interest.
A. a; an B. a; the C. the; a D. the; an
【2024四川成都】March 14 is the international Pi (π) Day. It is about ________ special number. The ancient Chinese scientist Zu Chongzhi first measured it.
A. a B. an C. the
(二)a,an,the,/,选择适当的冠词填空
【2023福建南平】This is _______ interesting book and I enjoy it.
【2023甘肃白银】Middle school students don't need to go to / school on weekends. They can go to _______ park for fun with their parents or friends.
【2023广西贵港】Nick is _______ 8-year-old boy, but he can write more than 2,000 words.
【2023黑龙江黑河】Bill likes playing / basketball, but he doesn't like playing_______ piano.
【2023黑龙江绥化】Don't you know _______ girl under _______ tree? She's our teacher's daughter.
【2023湖北黄石】_______new bridge has been built over the Yangtze River in Huangshi.
【2023湖南湘潭】Do you know _______ inventor? Yes, he's a friend of mine.
【2023吉林】Lisa had _______ egg and _______ glass of milk for breakfast this morning.
【2023江苏淮安】This summer, I'm going to visit _______ Great Wall.
【2023江苏连云港】Is Mr. Francois Hollande_______ honest and capable man? Yes. And that is why he was chosen / president of France.
【2023江苏苏州】In order to find _______ better job, she planned to learn _______ second foreign language.
【2023辽宁大连】My mother is _______ English teacher in _______ university in Beijing.
【2023江苏南京】What do you usually have for / breakfast, Peter? _______fried egg, three pieces of bread and a glass of milk.
【2023安徽】It's not _______ good idea to drive for four hours without _______ break.
【2023福建福州】What does Michael look like? He has big eyes and _______ wide mouth.
【2023河南】What do you want to be in the future, Nick? I want to be a pilot. It is _______ exciting job.
【2023】陕西:In the United States, Father's Day falls on _______ third Sunday in _______June。
【2023江苏无锡】If you go by train, you can have quite _______ comfortable journey, but make sure you take a fast one。
【2023山东滨州】You've dropped _______ “s” in the word “necessary”. Oh, the letter “s” is doubled。
【2023广东广州】After school we usually play basketball for half _______ hour on the playground。
【2022 年重庆 A 卷】One of his daughters became ________ English teacher last August.
【2022 年山东青岛】Qingdao is a beautiful city that lies in ________ east of China.
【2022 年山东临沂】Berlin is ________ capital of Germany.
【2022 年浙江温州】Peter, shall we go for a picnic this Sunday? - OK. Let's add it to ________ weekend plan.
【2022 年四川达州】Mike! Our country is building the third aircraft carrier(航空母舰) Xinhua News Agency reported last month. - What ________ unusual thing! I'm proud of it.
【2022 年重庆 B 卷】Chongqing has become ________ hot city for tourists.
【2022 年江苏宿迁】Daniel had ________ egg, a piece of bread and a glass of milk for breakfast this morning.
【2022 年四川凉山州】Laura is ________ 11-year-old girl. She is good at playing ________ guitar.
【2021 年福建南平】This is ________ interesting book and I enjoy it.
【2021 年甘肃白银】Middle school students don't need to go to________ school on weekends. They can go to ________ park for fun with their parents or friends.
【2021 年广西贵港】Nick is ________ eight-year-old boy, but he can write more than 2,000 words.
【2021 年黑龙江黑河】Bill likes playing / basketball, but he doesn't like playing ________ piano.
【2021 年黑龙江绥化】Don't you know ________girl under the tree? She's our teacher's daughter.
【2021 年湖北黄石】A new bridge has been built over ________ Yangtze River in Huangshi.
【2021 年湖南湘潭】Do you know________ inventor? Yes, he's a friend of mine.
【2021 年吉林】Lisa had ________ egg and ________ glass of milk for breakfast this morning.
【2021 年江苏淮安】This summer, I'm going to visit ________ Great Wall.
【2021 年江苏连云港】Is Mr. Francois Hollande ________ honest and capable man? Yes. And that is why he was chosen ________president of France.
【2021 年江苏苏州】In order to find________ better job, she planned to learn ________ second foreign language.
【2021 年辽宁大连】My mother is ________ English teacher in a university in Beijing.
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第9讲 冠词
一、考情分析
(一)考情分析
1.考查频率较高
冠词是中考英语的重要语法点之一,在各地中考中出现的频率较高,几乎是每年必考内容。
2.重点突出
主要考查不定冠词(a/an)、定冠词(the)的用法以及零冠词的情况。其中,不定冠词和定冠词的用法是考查重点,需要考生准确理解和掌握在不同语境下的正确使用。
3.语境理解要求高
题目通常会设置具体的语境,要求考生根据语境来判断使用哪种冠词或是否使用冠词,这不仅考查了考生对冠词基本用法的掌握,还考查了考生对语境的理解和分析能力。
(二)常见题型
1.单项选择题
这是冠词考查的最常见题型。给出一个句子,让考生在四个选项中选择正确的冠词来填空。
例如:There is ______ “h” in the word “hour”, but ______ “h” doesn't make a sound.(2023 年某地区中考题)
答案:an;the。
解析:第一个空,“h” 的发音是 [eɪtʃ],是以元音音素开头的,所以用不定冠词 “an”;第二个空,这里的 “h” 是上文已经提到过的,所以用定冠词 “the” 来特指。
2.完形填空题:在文章中留出一些空白,让考生根据上下文的逻辑和语境选择正确的冠词填空。这种题型对考生的综合语言运用能力要求较高。
例如:I saw ______ interesting film last night. ______ film was about a brave boy.(2022 年某地区中考模拟题)
答案:an;The。
解析:第一个空,“interesting” 是以元音音素开头的单词,所以用 “an”;第二个空,后面的 “film” 是第二次提到,指的是上文提到的那部电影,所以用定冠词 “the”。
3.短文改错题:给出一篇短文,其中可能会有冠词使用错误的地方,让考生找出并改正。这种题型考查考生对冠词用法的掌握是否准确和熟练。
例如:I have a cat. A cat is black and white.(2021 年某地区中考真题改编)
答案:把 “A” 改为 “The”。
解析:第一句中提到了 “a cat”,表示有一只猫,第二句中再次提到这只猫时,应该用定冠词 “the” 来特指。
二、考点分析
(一)冠词的定义和分类
1.定义
冠词是一种虚词,用于限定名词,说明名词所指的人或事物是泛指还是特指。
2.分类
(1)不定冠词:a 和 an,用于泛指,表示 “一个(件、条……)”。
(2)定冠词:the,用于特指,表示 “这个 / 这些、那个 / 那些”。
(二)不定冠词的用法辨析
1.a 和 an 的区别
(1)a 用于辅音音素开头的单词前
这里的辅音音素是指发音,而不是字母。
例如:a book(一本书),book发音 [bʊk],开头是辅音音素 [b];
a university(一所大学),university虽然以元音字母 u 开头,但发音 [ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsəti],开头是辅音音素 [j],所以用 a。
(2)an 用于元音音素开头的单词前
例如:an apple(一个苹果),apple发音[ˈæpl],开头是元音音素[æ];
an hour(一个小时),hour发音[ˈaʊə(r)],开头是元音音素[aʊ],所以用 an。
2.不定冠词的常见用法
(1)表示数量 “一”
用于可数名词单数前,强调数量为一个。
例如:I have a pen.(我有一支钢笔。)
(2)泛指某一类人或事物中的一个
用于首次提到的人或事物,代表这类事物中的一个。
例如:A dog is a loyal animal.(狗是一种忠诚的动物。)
(3)用于某些固定搭配中
例如:a little(一点儿)、a few(几个)、a lot of(许多)、have a cold(感冒)、take a walk(散步)等。在这些短语中,不定冠词的使用是固定的,帮助构成特定的语义。
(三)定冠词的用法辨析
1.特指双方都明白的人或事物
在对话或特定情境中明确指代对象
例如:Please close the door.(请把门关上。) 这里说话者和听话者都知道指的是哪扇门。
2.上文提到过的人或事物
用于第二次及以后提及同一事物时
例如:I saw a book on the desk. The book is very interesting.(我看见桌子上有一本书。这本书很有意思。)
第一次提到 “book” 用 a,第二次提到同一本书就用 the。
3.用于世界上独一无二的事物前
如太阳、月亮、地球等
例如:The sun rises in the east.(太阳从东方升起。)
The earth is our home.(地球是我们的家园。)
4.用于序数词和形容词最高级前
表示顺序和程度最高的情况
序数词前:He is the first to come.(他是第一个来的。)
最高级前:She is the tallest girl in our class.(她是我们班最高的女孩。)
5.用于由普通名词构成的专有名词前
如国家、机构、建筑物等的名称
the United States(美国)、the Great Wall(长城)、the United Nations(联合国)等。
这些专有名词如果没有定冠词,其意义可能会改变或者不明确。
6.用于乐器名称前
表示演奏某种乐器
例如:She can play the piano.(她会弹钢琴。)
7.用于某些形容词前表示一类人
如 the rich(富人)、the poor(穷人)、the old(老人)等
这些短语作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数形式。
例如:The rich often help the poor.(富人经常帮助穷人。)
(四)零冠词(不用冠词)的情况
1.复数名词和不可数名词表示泛指时
强调类别而非个体
例如:Dogs are friendly animals.(狗是友好的动物。)
Water is important for life.(水对生命很重要。)
2.在季节、月份、星期、节日等名词前
表示时间概念本身,而非特指某一时期
例如:Spring is my favorite season.(春天是我最喜欢的季节。)
We celebrate Christmas in December.(我们在十二月庆祝圣诞节。)
3.在球类、棋类等运动名称前
强调运动本身而非某个具体的球或棋盘等
例如:We play football after school.(我们放学后踢足球。)
He likes playing chess.(他喜欢下棋。)
4.在一日三餐名称前
如果不是特指某一顿饭,不用冠词
例如:I have breakfast at 7 o'clock.(我七点吃早餐。)
但如果是特指某一顿饭,要用定冠词
例如The breakfast I had this morning was delicious.(我今天早上吃的早餐很好吃。)
(五)中考考查重点
1.冠词的辨析
在选择题、完形填空等题型中考查不定冠词和定冠词的用法区别,以及零冠词的情况
例如:—Do you have ______ pen?
—Yes, I have one.
A. a B. an
答案是 A,因为pen发音以辅音音素开头。
______ sun is much bigger than ______ earth.
A. A; the B. The; the)
答案是 B,因为 “sun” 和 “earth” 都是世界上独一无二的事物,要用定冠词。
2.冠词在句子中的语法功能
在语法填空、改写句子等题型中考查冠词的正确选用和位置
例如:I want to play ______ basketball after school.(我放学后想打篮球。)
答案是 /,因为在球类运动名称前不用冠词。
______ (a) old man in the park is my grandpa.(公园里的那位老人是我的爷爷。)
答案是The,因为这里是特指公园里的老人,要用定冠词。
3.冠词与其他知识点的综合考查
例如______ second boy on the left is my brother.(左边第二个男孩是我的兄弟。) 中,根据序数词前用定冠词的规则,答案是 “The”,这里还涉及到数词和名词的修饰关系等知识点。
三、课后练习
(一)单项选择题
1.— Do you know ______ girl with long curly hair?
— Yes, she is Mary. She plays ______ tennis very well.
A. a; / B. the; / C. the; the D. a; the
答案:B
解析:第一空表示特指 “那个有着长卷发的女孩”,所以用定冠词 the;第二空 “play + 球类运动”,中间不用冠词,所以选 B。
2.There is ______ “u” and ______ “s” in the word “use”.
A. a; a B. an; an C. a; an D. an; a
答案:C
解析:“u” 是以辅音音素 /j/ 开头的,所以用 a;“s” 是以元音音素 /e/ 开头的,所以用 an,选 C。
3.— Is ______ book on the desk yours?
— No, it's not ______. It's Lily's.
A. a; mine B. the; mine C. the; my D. a; my
答案:B
解析:第一空表示特指 “桌子上的那本书”,用定冠词 the;第二空后没有名词,要用名词性物主代词 mine,所以选 B。
4.______ Great Wall is one of the seven wonders around the world.
A. The B. A C. An D. /
答案:A
解析:“the Great Wall” 是专有名词,“长城” 是独一无二的事物,要用定冠词 the,所以选 A。
5.— What do you usually have for ______ breakfast?
— A piece of bread and ______ egg.
A. a; an B. /; the C. a; the D. /; an
答案:D
解析:“have...for breakfast” 表示 “早餐吃……”,三餐前一般不用冠词;第二空 “egg” 是以元音音素 /e/ 开头的,用 an,所以选 D。
6.My sister is ______ honest girl. She always tells the truth.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
答案:B
解析:“honest” 是以元音音素 /ɒ/ 开头的,所以用 an,表示 “一个诚实的女孩”,所以选 B。
7.— Have you seen ______ pen? I left it here this morning.
— Is it ______ black one? I think I saw it somewhere.
A. a; the B. the; the C. the; a D. a; a
答案:D
解析:第一空表示 “一支钢笔”,是泛指,用 a;第二空也是泛指 “一支黑色的钢笔”,用 a,所以选 D。
8.This is ______ interesting story and it's also ______ useful one.
A. an; an B. an; a C. a; a D. a; an
答案:B
解析:“interesting” 是以元音音素 /ɪ/ 开头的,用 an;“useful” 是以辅音音素 /j/ 开头的,用 a,所以选 B。
9.— Do you like playing ______ piano?
— Yes, I do. But I don't like playing ______ football.
A. the; / B. /; the C. the; the D. /; /
答案:A
解析:“play + the + 乐器”,“play + 球类运动”,中间不用冠词,所以选 A。
10.______ earth we live on is bigger than ______ moon.
A. The; a B. The; the C. An; a D. An; the
答案:B
解析:“the earth”(地球)和 “the moon”(月球)都是独一无二的事物,要用定冠词 the,所以选 B。
11.— Which is ______ biggest, the sun, the earth or the moon?
— The sun, of course.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
答案:C
解析:在三者或三者以上进行比较,用最高级,最高级前面要加定冠词 the,所以选 C。
12.— I want to have ______ word with you.
— OK. But only ______ few minutes. I have a meeting soon.
A. a; a B. the; a C. a; the D. the; the
答案:A
解析:“have a word with sb.” 是固定短语,意思是 “和某人说句话”;“a few” 表示 “几个;一些”,所以选 A。
13.There is ______ old man sitting under the tree. ______ old man is reading a book.
A. an; The B. an; An C. a; The D. the; The
答案:A
解析:第一空 “old” 是以元音音素 /əʊ/ 开头的,用 an,表示 “一个老人”;第二空表示特指 “那个老人”,用定冠词 the,所以选 A。
14.— How do you like ______ movie you watched last night?
— It's so wonderful. I want to watch it ______ second time.
A. a; a B. the; a C. a; the D. the; the
答案:B
解析:第一空表示特指 “昨晚你看的那部电影”,用定冠词 the;第二空 “a + 序数词” 表示 “又一;再一”,所以选 B。
15.— Have you ever been to ______ Palace Museum?
— Yes. It's one of the most famous museums in ______ world.
A. a; a B. the; the C. a; the D. the; a
答案:B
解析:“the Palace Museum”(故宫博物院)是专有名词,要用定冠词 the;“in the world” 是固定短语,意思是 “在世界上”,所以选 B。
16.— What's ______ matter with you?
— I have ______ toothache.
A. a; the B. the; a C. /; a D. the; /
答案:B
解析:“What's the matter with sb.?” 是固定句型,意思是 “某人怎么了?”;“have a toothache” 是 “牙疼” 的意思,所以选 B。
17.______ second Sunday of May is Mother's Day. It's ______ special day for children to show their love for their mothers.
A. The; a B. The; the C. A; a D. A; the
答案:A
解析:第一空表示 “五月的第二个星期天”,序数词前面要用定冠词 the;第二空表示 “一个特殊的日子”,是泛指,用 a,所以选 A。
18.— Look! There's ______ apple tree in front of the house.
— How beautiful! There are many apples on ______ tree.
A. a; the B. an; the C. the; a D. the; the
答案:B
解析:第一空 “apple” 是以元音音素 /æ/ 开头的,用 an,表示 “一棵苹果树”;第二空表示特指 “那棵树”,用定冠词 the,所以选 B。
19.— Do you know ______ boy in blue?
— Yes. He's a friend of ______.
A. a; mine B. the; mine C. a; my D. the; my
答案:B
解析:第一空表示特指 “那个穿蓝色衣服的男孩”,用定冠词 the;第二空 “a friend of + 名词性物主代词” 表示 “某人的一个朋友”,所以用 mine,选 B。
20.— We should have ______ breakfast every day to keep healthy.
— You're right. And we should always have ______ good breakfast.
A. /; a B. the; a C. /; the D. a; a
答案:A
解析:第一空三餐前一般不用冠词;第二空 “have a good breakfast” 表示 “吃一顿丰盛的早餐”,是泛指,所以用 a,选 A。
21.— How about ______ trip to the Great Wall?
— Sounds great. I'm looking forward to ______ visit it.
A. a; a B. the; a C. a; / D. the; /
答案:A
解析:第一空 “a trip to...” 表示 “一次去…… 的旅行”,是泛指;第二空 “look forward to a visit...” 表示 “期待一次参观……”,也是泛指,所以选 A。
22.— I'm going to see ______ film. It's said to be ______ very interesting one.
— Have a nice day!
A. a; a B. the; a C. a; the D. the; the
答案:A
解析:第一空表示 “看一场电影”,是泛指,用 a;第二空 “a very interesting one” 表示 “一部非常有趣的电影”,也是泛指,用 a,所以选 A。
23.— Have you read ______ book called “Alice in Wonderland”?
— Yes. It's ______ wonderful book.
A. a; a B. the; a C. a; the D. the; the
答案:B
解析:第一空表示特指 “那本叫《爱丽丝梦游仙境》的书”,用定冠词 the;第二空表示 “一本精彩的书”,是泛指,用 a,所以选 B。
24.— I want to buy ______ umbrella.
— There's a supermarket just around the corner. You can buy one there.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
答案:B
解析:“umbrella” 是以元音音素 /ʌ/ 开头的,用 an,表示 “一把雨伞”,所以选 B。
25.— There's ______ “h” and ______ “u” in the word “huge”.
— Oh, I see.
A. an; a B. a; an C. a; a D. an; an
答案:A
解析:“h” 是以元音音素 /eɪ/ 开头的,用 an;“u” 是以辅音音素 /juː/ 开头的,用 a,所以选 A。
26.— Is this ______ first time you have visited Hong Kong?
— Yes, it's really ______ interesting place.
A. the; an B. a; an C. the; the D. a; the
答案:A
解析:第一空 “the first time” 表示 “第一次”,序数词前面用定冠词 the;第二空 “an interesting place” 表示 “一个有趣的地方”,所以选 A。
27.— Do you know ______ woman in red?
— Yes. She's ______ English teacher.
A. a; a B. the; an C. a; an D. the; a
答案:B
解析:第一空表示特指 “那个穿红色衣服的女人”,用定冠词 the;第二空 “English” 是以元音音素 /ɪ/ 开头的,用 an,表示 “一名英语老师”,所以选 B。
28.— Let's go for ______ walk after dinner.
— Good idea.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
答案:A
解析:“go for a walk” 是固定短语,意思是 “去散步”,所以选 A。
29.— Have you heard of ______ news about the accident?
— Yes. It's really ______ sad news.
A. the; a B. /; a C. the; / D. /; /
答案:C
解析:第一空表示特指 “关于那场事故的消息”,用定冠词 the;第二空 “news” 是不可数名词,前面不用 a,所以选 C。
30.— I like reading books. ______ book I'm reading now is “Oliver Twist”.
— It's a classic. I've read it twice.
A. The B. A C. An D. /
答案:A
解析:表示特指 “我现在正在读的这本书”,用定冠词 the,所以选 A。
31.— Look! There's ______ empty bottle on the ground.
— Let's pick it up and put it into ______ dustbin.
A. a; a B. an; the C. a; the D. the; a
答案:B
解析:第一空 “empty” 是以元音音素 /ˈempti / 开头的,用 an,表示 “一个空瓶子”;第二空表示特指 “那个垃圾桶”,用定冠词 the,所以选 B。
32.— Do you play ______ guitar in your free time?
— No. I like sports. I often play ______ football with my friends.
A. the; / B. /; the C. the; the D. /; /
答案:A
解析:“play + the + 乐器”,“play + 球类运动”,中间不用冠词,所以选 A。
33.— What ______ fine day! Let's go for a picnic.
— Sounds great.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
答案:A
解析:“What a + 形容词 + 可数名词单数(+ 主语 + 谓语)!” 是感叹句结构,“fine” 是以辅音音素 /f/ 开头的,用 a,所以选 A。
34.— Have you seen ______ movie “Avatar”?
— Yes. It's ______ amazing movie.
A. a; an B. the; an C. a; the D. the; the
答案:B
解析:第一空表示特指 “电影《阿凡达》”,用定冠词 the;第二空 “amazing” 是以元音音素 /əˈmeɪzɪŋ/ 开头的,用 an,表示 “一部令人惊叹的电影”,所以选 B。
35.— My sister is ______ university student. She studies hard.
— How wonderful!
A. a B. an C. the D. /
答案:A
解析:“university” 是以辅音音素 /juː/ 开头的,用 a,表示 “一名大学生”,所以选 A。
(二)用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
1.He is ______ (a) honest boy. We all like him.
答案:an
解析:“honest” 是以元音音素 /ɒ/ 开头的,所以用 an。
2.There is ______ (a) “s” and ______ (a) “t” in the word “student”.
答案:an; a
解析:“s” 是以元音音素 /e/ 开头的,用 an;“t” 是以辅音音素 /t/ 开头的,用 a。
3.This is ______ (the) most interesting story I've ever heard.
答案:the
解析:在形容词最高级前面要用定冠词 the。
4.I want to be ______ (a) astronaut when I grow up.
答案:an
解析:“astronaut” 是以元音音素 /ˈæstrənɔːt / 开头的,用 an,表示 “一名宇航员”。
5.— Have you seen ______ (the) movie “The Wandering Earth”?
— Yes. It's really wonderful.
答案:the
解析:表示特指 “电影《流浪地球》”,用定冠词 the。
6.She plays ______ (the) piano very well.
答案:the
解析:“play + the + 乐器”,所以用 the。
7.We usually have ______ (a) big dinner on New Year's Eve.
答案:a
解析:“a big dinner” 表示 “一顿丰盛的晚餐”,是泛指,用 a。
8.______ (The) sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
答案:The
解析:“the sun” 是独一无二的事物,要用定冠词 the。
9.He is ______ (a) tallest boy in our class.
答案:the
解析:在形容词最高级前面要用定冠词 the,“the tallest” 表示 “最高的”。
10.— Do you have ______ (a) dictionary?
— Yes. I have two.
答案:a
解析:表示 “一本字典”,是泛指,用 a。
(三)句型转换
1.This is a useful book.(改为感叹句)
______ ______ useful book this is!
答案:What a
解析:感叹句结构为 “What a + 形容词 + 可数名词单数(+ 主语 + 谓语)!”,所以填 What a。
2.The boy is very clever.(改为感叹句)
______ ______ the boy is!
答案:How clever
解析:感叹句结构为 “How + 形容词 / 副词(+ 主语 + 谓语)!”,这里是形容词 clever,所以填 How clever。
3.I like reading books.(改为一般疑问句)
______ you ______ reading books?
答案:Do; like
解析:一般现在时的一般疑问句,主语是 I,动词是 like,要借助助动词 Do,动词用原形 like。
四、真题模拟
(一)单项选择
【2024黑龙江】—Shenzhou - 18 with three astronauts was sent up on April 25th, 2024. It’s such ________ exciting event.
—Yes. And the astronauts are our heroes. I want to be ________ useful person like them.
A. a, an B. an, a C. a, the
答案:B
解析:第一空,“exciting” 是以元音音素开头的单词,前面用 “an”;第二空,“useful” 是以辅音音素开头的单词,前面用 “a”。答案是 B。
【2024吉林】There is ________ river near our school. We never throw rubbish into it.
A. the B. a C. /
答案:B
解析:这里表示 “有一条河在我们学校附近”,泛指一条河,用 “a”。答案是 B。
【2024黑龙江绥化】Beijing, ________ capital of China, is ________ city with a long history.
A. /; the B. a; the C. the; a
答案:C
解析:第一空,“the capital of...” 表示 “…… 的首都”,是固定用法;第二空,表示 “一个有着悠久历史的城市”,泛指一个城市,用 “a”。答案是 C。
【2024山东滨州】—Look, ________ car’s license plate (车牌) is green!”
—It’s ________ new energy car. Many people drive new energy cars to replace gas-powered cars.”
A. a; a B. the; a C. a; the
答案:B
解析:第一空,特指说话双方都知道的那辆车的车牌,用 “the”;第二空,表示 “一辆新能源汽车”,泛指一辆,用 “a”。答案是 B。
【2024云南保山】Yunnan is such ________ beautiful place with lots of flowers and delicious food.
A. / B. a C. an D. the
答案:B
解析:such a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数表示如此…… 的一个……,beautiful是以辅音音素开头的单词,前面用a。答案是 B。
【2024黑龙江齐齐哈尔】On March 4th, 2024, the “Two Sessions” (两会) were held at ________ great hall of ________ people in Beijing.
A. a, the B. the, the C. the, a
答案:B
解析:第一空,“the great hall of the people” 是固定表达,人民大会堂;第二空,“the people” 特指人民。答案是 B。
【2024西藏】The air robot is playing ________ chess with a child.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
答案:D
解析:“play chess” 是固定短语,中间不加冠词。答案是 D。
【2024江苏宿迁】Suqian is ________ city full of ________ history, culture and mouthwatering food.
A. the; a B. a; a C. the; the D. a; /
答案:a;/
解析:第一空,表示 “一个充满历史、文化和美食的城市”,泛指一个城市,用 “a”;第二空,“history” 是抽象名词,前面不用冠词。答案是 D。
【2024天津河北】Beijing is ________ capital city of China. It’s ________ ancient city full of places of interest.
A. a; an B. a; the C. the; a D. the; an
答案:D
解析:第一空,“the capital city of...” 表示 “…… 的首都”,是固定用法;第二空,表示 “一个古老的城市”,泛指一个城市,用 “an”,因为 “ancient” 是以元音音素开头的单词。答案是 D。
【2024四川成都】March 14 is the international Pi (π) Day. It is about ________ special number. The ancient Chinese scientist Zu Chongzhi first measured it.
A. a B. an C. the
答案:A
解析:表示 “一个特殊的数字”,泛指一个,用 “a/an”,“special” 是以辅音音素开头的单词,前面用 “a”。答案是 A。
(二)a,an,the,/,选择适当的冠词填空
【2023福建南平】This is _______ interesting book and I enjoy it.
答案:an
解析:一本有趣的书,用不定冠词 an,因为 interesting 以元音音素开头。
【2023甘肃白银】Middle school students don't need to go to / school on weekends. They can go to _______ park for fun with their parents or friends.
答案:a
解析:去一个公园,用不定冠词 a。
【2023广西贵港】Nick is _______ 8-year-old boy, but he can write more than 2,000 words.
答案:an
解析:一个 8 岁的男孩,用不定冠词 an,因为 8(eight)以元音音素开头。
【2023黑龙江黑河】Bill likes playing / basketball, but he doesn't like playing_______ piano.
答案:the
解析:play the piano,乐器前用定冠词 the。
【2023黑龙江绥化】Don't you know _______ girl under _______ tree? She's our teacher's daughter.
答案:the;the
解析:特指树下的女孩,用定冠词 the;特指那棵树,也用定冠词 the。
【2023湖北黄石】_______new bridge has been built over the Yangtze River in Huangshi.
答案:a
解析:一座新桥,用不定冠词 a。
【2023湖南湘潭】Do you know _______ inventor? Yes, he's a friend of mine.
答案:the
解析:特指那个发明家,用定冠词 the。
【2023吉林】Lisa had _______ egg and _______ glass of milk for breakfast this morning.
答案:an;a
解析:一个鸡蛋,用不定冠词 an;一杯牛奶,用不定冠词 a。
【2023江苏淮安】This summer, I'm going to visit _______ Great Wall.
答案:the
解析:长城是独一无二的事物,用定冠词 the。
【2023江苏连云港】Is Mr. Francois Hollande_______ honest and capable man? Yes. And that is why he was chosen / president of France.
答案:an
解析:一个诚实且有能力的人,用不定冠词 an。
【2023江苏苏州】In order to find _______ better job, she planned to learn _______ second foreign language.
答案:a;a
解析:一份更好的工作,用不定冠词 a;一门第二外语,用不定冠词 a。
【2023辽宁大连】My mother is _______ English teacher in _______ university in Beijing.
答案:an;a
解析:一个英语老师,用不定冠词 an;一所大学,用不定冠词 a。
【2023江苏南京】What do you usually have for / breakfast, Peter? _______fried egg, three pieces of bread and a glass of milk.
答案:a
解析:一个煎蛋,用不定冠词 a。
【2023安徽】It's not _______ good idea to drive for four hours without _______ break.
答案:a;a
解析:一个好主意,用不定冠词 a;一次休息,用不定冠词 a。
【2023福建福州】What does Michael look like? He has big eyes and _______ wide mouth.
答案:a
解析:一张宽嘴巴,用不定冠词 a。
【2023河南】What do you want to be in the future, Nick? I want to be a pilot. It is _______ exciting job.
答案:an
解析:一份令人兴奋的工作,用不定冠词 an。
【2023】陕西:In the United States, Father's Day falls on _______ third Sunday in _______June。
答案:the;/
解析:序数词前用定冠词 the;月份前不用冠词。
【2023江苏无锡】If you go by train, you can have quite _______ comfortable journey, but make sure you take a fast one。
答案:a
解析:一次舒适的旅程,用不定冠词 a。
【2023山东滨州】You've dropped _______ “s” in the word “necessary”. Oh, the letter “s” is doubled。
答案:an
解析:一个字母 “s”,用不定冠词 an。
【2023广东广州】After school we usually play basketball for half _______ hour on the playground。
答案:an
解析:半小时,用 half an hour。
【2022 年重庆 A 卷】One of his daughters became ________ English teacher last August.
答案:an
解析:“an English teacher” 表示 “一名英语教师”,English 是以元音音素开头的单词,且这里是泛指,所以用不定冠词 an。
【2022 年山东青岛】Qingdao is a beautiful city that lies in ________ east of China.
答案:the
解析:in the east of 是固定搭配,表示 “在…… 的东部”,这里是特指在中国的东部,所以用定冠词 the。
【2022 年山东临沂】Berlin is ________ capital of Germany.
答案:the
解析:“the capital of + 国家” 是固定用法,表示 “…… 的首都”,这里是特指德国的首都,所以用定冠词 the。
【2022 年浙江温州】Peter, shall we go for a picnic this Sunday? - OK. Let's add it to ________ weekend plan.
答案:the
解析:这里的 “weekend plan” 是特指这个周末的计划,所以用定冠词 the。
【2022 年四川达州】Mike! Our country is building the third aircraft carrier(航空母舰) Xinhua News Agency reported last month. - What ________ unusual thing! I'm proud of it.
答案:an
解析:unusual 是以元音音素开头的单词,且这里表示 “一件不寻常的事情”,是泛指,所以用不定冠词 an;
【2022 年重庆 B 卷】Chongqing has become ________ hot city for tourists.
答案:a
解析:“a hot city” 表示 “一个热门的城市”,是泛指,hot 是以辅音音素开头的单词,所以用不定冠词 a。
【2022 年江苏宿迁】Daniel had ________ egg, a piece of bread and a glass of milk for breakfast this morning.
答案:an
解析:egg 是以元音音素开头的可数名词单数,前面用不定冠词 an,表示 “一个鸡蛋”。
【2022 年四川凉山州】Laura is ________ 11-year-old girl. She is good at playing ________ guitar.
答案:an;the
解析:第一空,11-year-old 是以元音音素开头的复合形容词,修饰 girl,前面要用不定冠词 an,表示 “一个 11 岁的女孩”;第二空,play the guitar 是固定用法,乐器前面要加定冠词 the。
【2021 年福建南平】This is ________ interesting book and I enjoy it.
答案:an
解析:interesting 是以元音音素开头的单词,所以前面用不定冠词 an,表示 “一本有趣的书”,这里是泛指。
【2021 年甘肃白银】Middle school students don't need to go to________ school on weekends. They can go to ________ park for fun with their parents or friends.
答案:/;a
解析:go to school 是固定搭配,意为 “去上学”,这里的 school 是抽象概念,不需要加冠词;go to a park 表示 “去一个公园”,是泛指,park 是可数名词单数,且不是特指,所以用不定冠词 a。
【2021 年广西贵港】Nick is ________ eight-year-old boy, but he can write more than 2,000 words.
答案:an
解析:8-year-old 是以元音音素开头的复合形容词,修饰 boy,前面要用不定冠词 an,表示 “一个 8 岁的男孩”。
【2021 年黑龙江黑河】Bill likes playing / basketball, but he doesn't like playing ________ piano.
答案:the
解析:play basketball 是固定搭配,球类运动前不加冠词;play the piano 是固定用法,乐器前面要加定冠词 the。
【2021 年黑龙江绥化】Don't you know ________girl under the tree? She's our teacher's daughter.
答案:the
解析:这里的 “under the tree” 是对女孩的限定,特指在树下的那个女孩,所以用定冠词 the。
【2021 年湖北黄石】A new bridge has been built over ________ Yangtze River in Huangshi.
答案:the
解析:长江是独一无二的河流,在江河、海洋、山脉等独一无二的事物前要用定冠词 the。
【2021 年湖南湘潭】Do you know________ inventor? Yes, he's a friend of mine.
答案:the;a
解析:第一空的 “inventor” 是特指双方都知道的那个发明家,所以用定冠词 the;第二空表示 “一个朋友”,是泛指,friend 是以辅音音素开头的单词,所以用不定冠词 a。
【2021 年吉林】Lisa had ________ egg and ________ glass of milk for breakfast this morning.
答案:an;a
解析:egg 是以元音音素开头的可数名词单数,前面用不定冠词 an;a glass of milk 是固定搭配,“一杯牛奶”,这里的 a 是表示 “一(杯)” 的意思。
【2021 年江苏淮安】This summer, I'm going to visit ________ Great Wall.
答案:the
解析:长城是世界闻名的、独一无二的建筑,前面要用定冠词 the。
【2021 年江苏连云港】Is Mr. Francois Hollande ________ honest and capable man? Yes. And that is why he was chosen ________president of France.
答案:an;/
解析:第一空,honest 是以元音音素开头的单词,且这里表示 “一个诚实且有能力的人”,是泛指,所以用不定冠词 an;第二空,“president of France” 是一个职位,在表示职位、头衔的名词前不加冠词。
【2021 年江苏苏州】In order to find________ better job, she planned to learn ________ second foreign language.
答案:a;a
解析:第一空,“a better job” 表示 “一份更好的工作”,是泛指,better 只是用来修饰 job,所以用不定冠词 a;第二空,“a second foreign language” 表示 “一门第二外语”,这里的 “a second” 表示 “又一、再一” 的意思,也是泛指,所以用不定冠词 a。
【2021 年辽宁大连】My mother is ________ English teacher in a university in Beijing.
答案:an
解析:“an English teacher” 表示 “一名英语教师”,是泛指,English 是以元音音素开头的单词,所以用不定冠词 an。
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