短暂性动词， 延续性动词与现在完成时讲义-2023-2024学年人教版英语八年级下册

短暂性动词， 延续性动词与现在完成时 短暂性动词 (终止性动词)，是指动作一旦发生就很快就结束。它不能和一段时间连用。这类动词有： go， come, arrive, leave, begin, start, join, marry 等; 短暂性动词的肯定式不能与表示一段时间的 for 或 since 或 how long等状语连用。但是， 在否定句中，短暂性动词可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。 延续性动词 是指动作发生后还可以延续一段时间或者相当长的一段时间。如: live, work, study, learn, sleep等， 延续性动词可以和表示一段的时间状语连用。 例如： 1.这位老人已经死了十年了。 The old man has died for ten years. (× ) ( die“死”短暂性动词, 不能与 for+一段时间连用) The old man has been dead for ten years/ since 10 years ago. (✔) (die→be dead, die是短暂性动词, 表示死的动作, 这个动作很快就结束了, 变成了表示状态的 be dead, dead 是 die 的形容词， 表示死了的状态， 可以延续) 2.我买了这块手表五年了。 I have bought this watch for five years. (× ) ( buy“买”短暂性动词, 不能与 for+一段时间连用) I have had this watch for five years/ since 5 years ago. (✔) (buy→have, buy这个动作在付完钱已经结束了, 买完后是拥有 have的状态, have 可以延续) 3.我离开家乡已十年了。 I have left hometown for 10 years. (×) ( leave“离开”短暂性动词, 不能与 for+一段时间连用) I have been away from hometown for 10 years. (V) ( leave— be away, leave这个动作在走了的时候已经结束了, 走了以后, 是我不在这里的状态, be away表示不在， 离开的状态， 可以延续) 但在否定句中， 短暂性动词可以与时间段连用。 如: I haven't bought the bike for a year. 我买这辆自行车还不到一年。 She hasn't come here for an hour. 她来这儿还没有一个小时。 如果短暂性动词与表示一段时间的时间状语连用， 必须将短暂性动词改为延续性动词。 非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换： buy/get→have borrow→ keep, have die→be dead finish →be over, Close→be closed leave→be away ( from) open→be open marry →be married fall asleep →be asleep fall( get)ill→be ill go out→be out get up→ be up put on →wear/ be on Move to →live in come/ go/become→be go to school →be in school/ be a student begin/ start →be on begin to study→study Get to know→know wake/ wake up →be awake Lose/ die/ sell/leave→be gone catch/ get a cold →have a cold join / take part in →be in/ be a member of come/ arrive/ reach/ get to →be in return to/ come back to/ go back to →be back( to) come ( arrive, reach, get) here/ go( arrive, reach, get) there→be here( there) 现在完成时 一、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空(时态题小妙招： 圈出( 时间标志词) 1.--- Alice, have you finished learning the whole book? --- Not yet. So far, we _____( learn) six units. 2. I'm so glad that I _____( finish) nearly half of the test now. 3. In the past 70 years, China _____( experience) historic changes and made great achievements. 4. --- The air here is much fresher than before. --- Exactly! We _____( plant) a lot of trees in the past few years. 5.--- The book is popular. _____ you _____( read) it yet? --- Yes, I have. 6. He saw the newspaper on the table this morning, but he _____( have) any time to read it yet. 7. Miss Lin _____( do) a lot of work for the poor area since 2023 8. Bob, you _____( live) in this city since 2022. How do you like it? 9. --- It's 20 years since we came back to Liangshan. --- How time flies! We _____( work) in our hometown for such a long time. 10. I joined the book club last month and I _____( read) five books already. 11. --- Project Hope celebrated its 30th birthday in 2023. --- Yeah. It _____( offer) children from poor families the chance to go to school since1989. 12.---_____ you ever _____( see) him before? --- No, I haven't. 13. My family _____( move) to the town five years ago. 14. Up to now, the computer _____( bring) us great changes in our life. 15. The bad weather _____( cause) a lot of road accidents recently. 16. My friend Julia _____( lose) her new phone yesterday. 17. Amy _____( read) more than ten magazines about UFOs. She enjoys them. 18. My mother _____( cook) in the kitchen when I got home. 19. Jackson _____( learn) a lot about China since he came here. 20. He has lived here since he _____( be) born. 21. There once _____( be) some small restaurants in the street. 22. My grandma _____ never _____( travel) by plane. 23. My parents _____( not decide) where to spend our holiday yet. 24. My sister _____( be) a nurse for over 10 years. 25. I_____( see) the new movie already. I_____( see) it last Saturday. 二、单项选择 ( )1.--- Why is Grace's Chinese so good? --- Because she _____ China for ten years. A. has gone to B. has been to C. has come to D. has been in ( )2. As an exchange student, Alan _____ Qiqihar for one and a half years. A. has been to B. has been in C. has gone to D. has been at ( )3.--- Hi, Tom!_____ you ever _____ the Bird's Nest? --- Yes, I have. It's fantastic. A. Have; been to B. Have; gone to C. Did; go to D. Do; go to ( )4. --- Why won't we play basketball with Class 4 this afternoon? --- Because they _____ Longzhong for a study trip. A. have gone to B. have been to C. had gone to D. had been to ( )5.--- Have you ever _____ to Caozhou Peony Garden? --- Yes,I _____ there last year. A. been; went B. gone; went C. been; gone D. gone; go ( )6. She _____ the book _____ two days ago. A. has borrowed; since B. has kept; since C. kept; for D. borrowed; for ( )7.--- Do you need any help? --- No, thanks. We _____a lot of support since last year. A. have offered B. have been offered C. were offered D. were offering ( )8.--- Hi, Jill. I_____ in my math since you shared your good experience with me. --- Great! Congratulations! A. have made rapid progress B. made rapid progress C. will make rapid progress D. make rapid progress ( )9. International search and rescue(救援) teams have rushed to Turkey to help for the huge earthquakes. China _____ an 82- member China Search and Rescue Team. A. sends B. was sent C. has sent D. has been sent ( )10.--- Where is your father, Dandan? --- Oh, he _____ Beijing on business and he’ ll come back next week. A. has returned from B. has been to C. has gone to D. has been in ( )11. Tea was born in China over 4,000 years ago. Now it _____ part of people's life around the world. A. became B. has become C. was becoming D. become ( )12. My hometown has changed a lot _____ the subway was put into use. A. unless B. since C. if D. when ( )13.--- Hi, Mr. Zhang! Your car looks new. --- Yes. But in fact, I_____ it for two years. A. will buy B. have had C. buy D. have bought 2( )14. This book must be great. My sister _____ it five times. A. reads B. has read C. is reading D. was reading ( )15. I_____ China for three months and this is the first time I' ve tried on hanfu. A. have gone to B. have been to C. have arrived in D. have been in 三、根据汉语意思完成句子 1. _____ you ever _____ fish and potato chips? 你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗? 2. I_____ just _____ my chemistry book. 我刚刚丢了我的化学书。 3. I_____ never _____ that farm. 我从来没去过那个农场。 4.---_____ you _____ this film yet? --- Yes, I_____. ---你已经看过这部电影了吗? ---是， 看过。 5. I_____ this dictionary for 3 years. 我已经买这本词典三年了。 6. He _____ here since he _____ to Shanghai. 自从他搬到上海， 他就住在这儿了。 7. They _____ just _____ to go to Beidaihe on vacation. 他们刚决定去北戴河度假。 8. _____ Jack _____ Robinson Crusoe before? 杰克之前读过鲁滨逊漂流记吗? 9.---_____ Mr. Black _____ Tianjin? --- No, not yet. ---布莱克先生已经离开天津了吗? ---不， 还没有。 10. _____ she _____ the movie So Young(《致青春》) yet? 她已经看过《致青春》这部电影了吗? 11. The film has _____ for twenty minutes. 电影已经开始20分钟了。 12. My sister has _____ the skirt for two weeks. 我姐姐买下这个裙子已经有两周了。 13. Great changes _____ in our school over the years. 过去几年中我们学校已经发生了巨大的变化。 14. _____ you _____ any films recently? 你最近有没有看电影? 15. His grandpa _____( die) six years ago, that is to say, he _____( die) for six years. 他的爷爷六年前去世， 也就是说， 他已经去世六年了。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$