过去完成时语法讲解及练习2024-2025学年人教版九年级英语全册

过去完成时语法讲解及练习 一、定义： 过去完成时( past perfect)表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作或状态。它表示句子中描述的动作发生在“过去的过去”。 二、过去完成时的构成： ·肯定句： 助动词 had+动词过去分词(下文使用 done 代替)。 例如: The bus had left. ·否定句: had not/ hadn't+ done. 例如: The bus had not left. ·一般疑问句： 助动词放在句首。 例如: Had the bus left? yes, it had. / no, it hadn't. 特殊疑问句： 特殊疑问词+ had+主语+ done.(特殊疑问词+ had引导的一般疑问句) 三、过去完成时的用法： 1·过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，即发生在"过去的过去"。 例如: When I woke up, it had stopped raining. 我醒来时,雨已经停了。 (主句的动作发生在"过去的过去") 2·过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示的是"过去的过去"，只有和过去某一时间或某一动作相比较时才使用它。 例如: He told me that he had written a new book. ( had written 发生在 told 之前 ) 3·过去完成时需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用，它不能离开过去时间而独立存在。此时多与 already, yet, still, just, before, never等时间副词及 by, before, until等引导的短语或从句连用。 例如: Before she came to China, Grace had taught English in a middle school for about five years. Peter had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten. 4.过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始，一直延续到这一过去时间，而且动作尚未结束，仍然有继续下去的可能。 例如: By the end of last year, he had worked in the factory for twenty years. ( had worked 已有了20 年,还有继续进行下去的可能) 四、过去完成时连用的时间状语: before, by, until, when, after, once, as soon as等等 例如: He said that he had learned some English before. By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party. 1. by+过去的时间点。 例如: I had finished reading the novel by nine o' clock last night. 2. by the end of+过去的时间点。 例如: We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. 3.before+过去的时间点。 例如: They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. 五、过去完成时与其他时态的区别 1.过去完成时与一般过去时的区别 虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，但在使用时应注意以下几点： (1)时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调"过去的过去"；而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。 (2)在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时，谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断： 先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的则用一般过去时。 (3)当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用 and 或 but 连接时，按时间顺序，只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时;另外,在 before , after, as soon as 引导的从句中,由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后，因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时。 2.过去完成时与现在完成时的区别 现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关，其结构为“助动词 have ( has) + 过去分词”；过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调"过去的过去"，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。 【小试牛刀】 一、选择题 1. By the end of last month, Jane _____ enough money for the poor sick boy. A. raised B. would raise C. had raised D. has raised 2. Mum _____ delicious food for me when I came back from school. A. has prepared B. would prepare C. is preparing D. had prepared 3.— Why was he late for school yesterday? — He overslept. By the time he got to the bus stop, the bus _____ already _____. A. was; leaving B. has; left C. would; leave D. had; left 4. Chris _____ his seat belt before his father asked him to do so. A. fastened B. fastens C. had fastened D. will fasten 5. When I arrived at the cinema, the movie _____ for ten minutes. A. has begun B. had begun C. had been on D. has been on 6. The Chinese farmers _____ how to grow rice by the end of 21st century B. C. . A. learned B. learn C. have learned D. had learned 7. The volunteers _____ alot of waste bottles on the beach by the end of the tourism festival. A. will collect B. have collected C. was collecting D. had collected 8. By the end of last month,I _____ all the CDs of Justin Bieber. A. collect B. collected C. have collected D. had collected 9. Simon _____ the piano for ages when he gave his first concert. A. has played B. is playing C. had played D. will play 10. Detective Kim _____ on the case for 3 months before he finally got the clues and successfully solved it. A. works B. worked C. has worked D. had worked 11. Martin _____ German for nearly two years before he went to work in Germany. A. will study B. was studying C. has studied D. had studied 12. By the time I got the note from Tom,I_____ him for what he said to me. A. forgive B. will forgive C. had forgiven D. have forgiven 13. By the end of last term, the students of Grade Nine _____ three projects. A. finished B. would finish C. have finished D. had finished 14. By last month, the TV series Three- Body _____a large audience. A. attracts B. attracted C. had attracted D. has attracted 15. Michael _____ his work before he went to bed. A. will finish B. finishes C. had finished D. has finished 6. By the end of last month, Jane _____ enough money for the poor sick boy. A. raised B. would raise C. had raised D. has raised 17. I didn't pick up Lucy at the airport. She _____ by the time I arrived. A. has left B. will leave C. left D. had left 18.— By the time I was five,I _____ English. — Really? A. had started learning B. have started learning C. started to learn D. started learning 19. The students in our school _____ about 8,000 yuan for SPCA by this time yesterday. A. are raising B. were raising C. has raised D. had raised 20. Rose and Minnie _____ each other pretty well before they worked in the same bank. A. knows B. know C. have known D. had known 21. By the end of last year, Steve _____ computer science in a university for two years. A. studies B. has studied C. had studied D. is studying 22. The house was quiet when Fiona went home. Everyone _____ to bed. A. goes B. go C. has gone D. had gone 23. Sally knew she _____ the wrong dress as soon as she tried it on. A. has bought B. had bought C. bought D. would buy 24. By the end of last month, we _____ twelve English story books. A. have read B. had read C. were reading D. are reading 25. By the time I got to the ticket office, they _____ all the tickets. A. sold B. have sold C. had sold D. would sell 26. My father _____ when I hurried to the airport to see him off yesterday. A. is leaving B. had left C. left D. will leave 27. When they got home last night, they found that somebody _____ into the flat. A. breaks B. is breaking C. has broken D. had broken 28. Sue _____ dancing for eight years when she won the first place in the talent show. A. learns B. learnt C. has learnt D. had learnt 29. When I looked at my phone, I realized I _____ through the alarm and was going to be late! A. sleep B. will sleep C. have slept D. had slept 30. Tom _____ in the factory for three years before he joined the army. A. has worked B. worked C. had worked D. will work 31. By the end of last week, all of us _____ the homework about Chinese geography. A. finished B. have finished C. would finish D. had finished 32. By the end of last month, they _____ enough money for Friends of Nature. A. collect B. collected C. have collected D. had collected 33. The fireman _____ the burning building three times before the fire was put out. A. is entering B. has entered C. was entering D. had entered 34. The Greens _____ the welcome party already before Henry came to talk about it. A. has arranged B. would arrange C. were arranging D. had arranged 35. By the end of last year, the charity _____ over ten thousand homeless people. A. helps B. has helped C. will help D. had helped 36. The headmaster said that the school _____many job chances to the graduates by the end of 2023. A. offered B. had offered C. has offered D. was offering 37. Steven told me that he _____ writing the report a week before. A. finish B. finishes C. finishing D. had finished 38. Martin _____ German for almost two years before he went to work in Germany. A. will study B. was studying C. has studied D. had studied 39. By the time he got up, he found his father _____ to work. A. went B. have gone C. gone D. had gone 40. It was believed that the TV series Legend of Miyue _____ millions of audience soon. A. attracted B. has attracted C. will attract D. would attract 参考答案 一、选择题 1【答案】C 【解析】考查时态。句意： 截止到上个月底， 简已经为那个可怜的生病男孩筹到了足够的钱。根据时间状语“ By the end of last month”可知用过去完成时,其结构是 had done。故选 C。 【知识点】过去完成时 2【答案】D 【解析】考查过去完成时。在我回到家的时候妈妈已经给我备好了饭。在过去的一个时间之前已经完成的动作要用过去完成时， 故选 D。 【知识点】过去完成时 3【答案】D 【解析】本题主要考查过去完成时。结合句意可知，当他到了公交车站时， 公交车已经离开。他到达车站是过去的动作，公交车离开是过去的过去， 故应该用过去完成时， 过去完成时的格式是 had done。故 had left 符合题意。 故正确答案为D。 【知识点】过去完成时 4【答案】C 【解析】考查时态。句意：克里斯在父亲要求他系好安全带之前就系好了。 fastened系牢，过去式; fastens系牢, 动词第三人称单数; had fastened 系牢, 过去完成时; will fasten将系牢, 一般将来时。根据句意理解可知，主句动作是发生在从句动作之前的，而从句动作用的是一般过去时， 所以主句动作应该用过去完成时， 结构是“ had+过去分词”。故选C。 【知识点】过去完成时 5【答案】C 【解析】考查时态。根据句中的时间状语从句可知," When I arrived at the cinema"用的是一般过去时，而“电影开始”发生在“到达”之前， 所以要用过去完成时， 过去完成时的构成： 主语+ had + 动词的过去分词。 begin是瞬间动词，不能和时间段连用，要转化成表示状态的词 be on，故选C。 【知识点】过去完成时 6【答案】D 【解析】本题主要考查过去完成时。 结合句意可知， 到公元前21世纪末，中国的农民已经学会了如何种植水稻。“ by the end of+过去的时间”， 表示“到…为止”，一般和过去完成时连用。公元前21世纪末是过去的时间， 农民已经学会植水稻是过去的过去，故应该用过去完成时，过去完成时的格式是 had done。故 had learned 符合题意。故正确答案为D。 【知识点】过去完成时 7【答案】D 【解析】考查过去完成时。由“ by the end of the tourism festival”可知, 句子时态为过去完成时, 故选 D。 【知识点】过去完成时 8【答案】D 【解析】本题主要考查过去完成时。结合句意可知，到上个月月底为止，“我”已经收集了贾斯汀·比伯的所有CD。“ by the end of+过去的时间”, 表示“到…为止”, 一般和过去完成时连用。上个月月底是过去的时间，收集齐所有的CD是过去的过去，故应该用过去完成时，过去完成时的格式是 had done。故 had collected 符合题意。 故正确答案为D。 【知识点】过去完成时 9【答案】C 【解析】结合语境推测句意是： “西蒙在举办第一次音乐会之前已经弹钢琴好几年了。”根据时间状语“ for ages when he gave his first concert”判断主句动作发生在过去的过去,所以用过去完成时， 构成是： had+动词的过去分词。故选C。 【知识点】过去完成时 10【答案】D 【解析】本题考查时态。句意： 基姆侦探在这个案子上花了3个月的时间， 终于找到线索，成功地破解了这个案件。 for 3 months 3 个月,一段时间, 故用完成时, 且根据题干 successfully solved it.(成功地解决了)，故可知这件事到现在为止已经结束了， 用过去完成时， 过去的过去，故选 D。 【知识点】过去完成时 11【答案】D 【解析】句意： 马丁在去德国工作之前已经学习了近两年的德语。考查谓语动词时态。根据"… German for nearly two years before he went to work in Germany."可知, 在他去德国工作之前学习德语， before引导的从句是一般过去时，主句的动作发生在过去的过去， 应用过去完成时，结构为" had+过去分词"。故选 D。 【知识点】单项选择、过去完成时、 study、语言知识运用 12【答案】C 【解析】句意：在我收到汤姆的便条之前，我已经原谅了他对我说的话。考查过去完成时。根据“ By the time I got the note from Tom”可知,主句时态为过去完成时, 表示过去的过去, 意为“在我收到汤姆的便条之前， 我已经原谅了汤姆对我说的话”， by the time意为“在······之前”，“ by the time+从句”是固定搭配， 从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时。故选C。 【知识点】 forgive、过去完成时、语言知识运用、单项选择 13【答案】D 第5页, 共10 页【解析】句意：到上学期末，九年级的学生已经完成了三个项目。考查过去完成时。 by the end of last term"到上学期末"， 是过去完成时的标志词， 故句子需要用过去完成时， 即 had+ done。故选D。 【知识点】过去完成时、语言知识运用、 finish、单项选择 14【答案】C 【解析】句意：到上个月为止， 电视剧《三体》已经吸引了大量的观众。考查过去完成时。由" By last month"可知本句时态为过去完成时( had done)。故选 C。 【知识点】 attract、语言知识运用、单项选择、过去完成时 15【答案】C 【解析】句意： 迈克尔在睡觉前完成了他的工作。考查过去完成时。根据“ Michael… his work before he went to bed. ”可知,“完成工作”这一动作发生在“睡觉”前, 用过去完成时表示“过去的过去”。故选 C。 【知识点】单项选择、 finish、过去完成时、语言知识运用 16【答案】C 【解析】根据句意：到上个月底， Jane已经为那个可怜的生病的男孩筹集了足够的钱。可知此处动作是指"过去的过去"，用过去完成时 had+过去分词。故选： C。 【知识点】中考常用短语与句型、过去完成时、单项选择、语言知识运用、 raise 17【答案】D 【解析】考查时态。过去完成时表示在过去的某个动作或时间之前发生或完成的动作，其构成是: had+过去分词。根据“ by the time I arrived”可知, 我到达的时候是一个过去的动作, by the time 意思是“在······之前”即在我达到之前，所以要用过去完成时来填空， 因此可知这句话的意思是“我在飞机场没有接到露西， 我到达的时候她已经走了。”故选D。 【知识点】过去完成时 18【答案】A 【解析】考查动词时态。句意： ——我5岁的时候就开始学习英语了。——真的吗? 可知学习英语发生在 was之前， 过去的过去应该使用过去完成时。故答案为A。 【知识点】过去完成时 19【答案】D 【解析】句意：到昨天这个时候，我们学校的学生已经为SPCA筹集了大约8000元。考查动词时态。根据" by this time yesterday"可知,此处指过去的时间关于过去的动作, 强调过去的过去,应用过去完成时 " had done" 。故选 D。 【知识点】单项选择、过去完成时、语言知识运用 20【答案】D 第6页, 共 10 页【解析】根据句意“罗斯和明妮在同一个银行工作之前， 她们已经彼此很熟了。”以及 before引导的时间状语从句可知， 从句用的是一般过去时， 主句要用过去完成时。A是一般现在时； B是一般现在时； C是现在完成时； D是过去完成时。故选： D。 【知识点】过去完成时 21【答案】C 【解析】考查过去完成时。过去完成时表示事件发生在过去的过去， 并对过去产生影响(简称“过去的过去”) , 结构是“had+动词的过去分词”, 时间标志是“by the end of+过去时间点”。句意： 到去年年底， 史蒂夫已经在大学里学了两年计算机了。在过去的一个时间之前已经完成的动作， 用过去完成时。故选 C。 【知识点】过去完成时 22【答案】D 【解析】考查过去完成时。句意： Fiona回家时， 屋子里一片寂静。大家都上床睡觉了。 Fiona回家是发生在过去的事情， 由屋子里一片寂静可知大家上床睡觉是发生在她回家之前， 故用过去完成时 had+ done, 故选 D。 【知识点】过去完成时 23【答案】B 【解析】句意： 萨利一试穿就知道她的裙子买错了。考查动词的时态。根据 knew可知是过去时态; 买裙子发生在试穿之前, 试穿 tried it on 是一般过去时, 则买应该用过去完成时 had bought。故选B。 【知识点】过去完成时 24【答案】B 【解析】根据句意“到上月底为止， 我们已经读了十二本英语故事书”和时间状语可知， 要用过去完成时, 其构成为 had done。故选 B。 【知识点】过去完成时 25【答案】C 【解析】考查时态。句意： 我到达售票室时， 他们已经卖掉了所有的票。 bythe time+过去式时，主句使用过去完成时， 表示“当……时， 已经……”故选C。 【知识点】过去完成时 26【答案】B 【解析】句意： 昨天我匆忙去机场送父亲时， 他已经离开了。考查动词时态辨析。 leave离开， is leaving是现在进行时结构, had left是过去完成时结构, left 是过去式, will leave是一般将来时结构。本句是 when引导的时间状语从句； 从句是一般过去时， 根据句意语境， 可知 leave是在过去去机场送父亲之前已经完成的动作， 需用过去完成时“had done”结构， 故选B。 【知识点】过去完成时 27【答案】D 【解析】考查时态。句意：他们昨晚到家的时候，发现有人闯进过公寓。根据句意， 他们“发现”这个动作，发生在“闯进”这个动作之后，也就是说“闯进”这个动作是过去的过去发生的， 应用过去完成时， 故选 D。 【知识点】过去完成时 28【答案】D 【解析】考查时态。句意：苏在才艺展示中获得第一名时，已经学了八年舞蹈了。根据句意和 for eight years可知， 句子表达的是苏学习舞蹈是在才艺展示之前就已经完成了的动作，是过去的过去，所以使用过去完成时，故选D。其中A项为一般现在时； B项为一般过去时； C项为现在完成时， 均不符合语法。 【知识点】过去完成时 29【答案】D 【解析】句意： 当我看了看我的手机，我意识到我已经睡过了点， 要迟到了！ 考查动词时态。 sleep一般现在时; will sleep一般将来时; have slept现在完成时; had slept过去完成时。主句I realized 是一般过去时，可知从句使用过去的某种时态；根据句意可知睡过点在“我”意识之前，即过去的过去， 故使用过去完成时。选D。 【知识点】过去完成时 30【答案】C 【解析】考查过去完成时。句意： Tom在参军之前在工厂里工作了三年， 故选C。 【知识点】过去完成时 31【答案】D 【解析】考查时态。句意： 截止到上周末，我们大家都完成了有关中国地理的作业。结合时间状语可知, 要用过去完成时, 其构成为 had done。故选 D。 【知识点】过去完成时 32【答案】D 【解析】考查时态。句意：到上月底，他们已经为“自然之友”筹到了足够的钱。根据句中的“ By the end of last month”可知时态为过去完成时, 故选 D项, 意为“已经收集”。 【知识点】过去完成时 33【答案】D 【解析】考查时态。句意：消防队员在大火被扑灭之前曾三次进入燃烧的大楼。 enter为动词，表示“进入”,根据句中的“ three times before the fire was put out”可知时态为过去完成时, 故选D项。 【知识点】过去完成时 34【答案】D 第8页, 共 10 页【解析】考查过去完成时。句意：在亨利来讨论它之前，格林一家已经安排好了欢迎会。 came为一般过去时，“来”之前发生的动作，即“过去的过去”， 判断为过去完成时( had done)， 故选D。 【知识点】 arrange、过去完成时、单项选择、语言知识运用 35【答案】D 【解析】句意： 到去年年底，该慈善机构已经帮助了一万多名无家可归的人。考查动词时态。根据时间状语 By the end of last year可知,此处用过去完成时,其结构是 had done的形式, help "帮助", 是动词, 过去分词是 helped, 故选D。 【知识点】过去完成时、延续动词、语言知识运用、 help、单项选择 36【答案】B 根据题干中的" by the end of 2023"以及句意可知, 句子时态为过去完成时。故选 B。 【知识点】语言知识运用、过去完成时、 offering、 offer、单项选择 37【答案】D 【解析】句意： Steven告诉我他一周前就写完了报告。考查过去完成时。 finish“完成”， 根据“a week before”可知，从句时态用现在完成时，由宾语从句时态遵循“主过从过”原则可知，从句应该用过去的某种时态，所以空缺处应该用过去完成时， 构成： 主语+ had+动词过去分词， 故选 D。 【知识点】 finish、语言知识运用、主过从必过、过去完成时、单项选择 38【答案】D 【解析】考查过去完成时。句意： Martin在去德国工作之前已经学习了差不多两年德语。学习德语是从去德国前的一个时间点开始， 持续到去德国前的时间点结束，即动作发生在过去的过去，因此主句中的谓语应用过去完成时。故选D。 【知识点】过去完成时 39【答案】D 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他起床时， 他发现他父亲已经去上班了。 bythe time到……时候为止，用于表示一段时间，主句需用完成时态；根据句意语境，可知他父亲 go to work是“过去的过去”， 需用过去完成时， 故选D。 【知识点】过去完成时 40【答案】D 【解析】考查时态。句意：人们相信电视连续剧《芈月传》很快就会吸引数以百万计的观众。 attract为动词，意为“吸引”； 根据主句中的 was可知从句时态应使用过去将来时， 故选D。 【知识点】过去完成时 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$