Unit 5 知识提纲-2023-2024学年人教版英语八年级下册

2024-11-04
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Unit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came? Section A 1 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 重点单词 1. rainstorm [ˈreɪnstɔ:m] n. 暴风雨 2. alarm [əˈlɑ:m] n. 闹钟 3. begin [bɪˈgɪn] v. 开始 4. heavily [ˈhevɪli] adv. 在很大程度上,大量地 5. suddenly [ˈsʌdənli] adv. 突然地 6. strange [streɪndʒ] adj. 奇怪的,陌生的,奇特的 7. storm [stɔ:m] n. 暴风雨 8. wind [waɪnd] n. 风 9. light [laɪt] n. & v. 电灯;点燃 10. report [riˈpɔ:t] v. 报导,报告 11. area ['eərɪə] n. 范围,地域,地区 12. wood [wʊd] n. 树木,木材,树木 13. window [ˈwindəu] n. 窗户 14. flashlight ['flæʃlaɪt] n. 手电筒,火炬 15. match [mætʃ] n. 火柴,比赛 16. beat [bi:t] v. 敲打,打败 17. against [əˈgenst] prep. 反对,对…不利 18. asleep [əˈsli:p] adj. 睡着的,熟睡的 19. rise [raɪz] v. 上升,升起 20. fallen [ˈfɔ:lən] adj. 倒下的,落下的 21. apart [əˈpɑ:t] adv. 分离,分开 22. icy [ˈaɪsɪ] adj. 覆盖着冰的,冰冷的 23. kid [kɪd] n. & v. (口语)小孩;开玩笑,欺骗 单词变形 1. begin –began(过去式)—beginning(现在分词) 2. heavy(形容词)—heavily(副词)—light(反义词) 3. sudden(形容词)—suddenly(副词) 4. strange(形容词)—stranger(名词) 5. wind(名词)—windy(形容词) 6. light—lit(过去式)—light(形容词) 7. report(动词)—reporter记者(名词)—reported(过去式) 8. match—matches(复数) 9. sleep(名词)—asleep /sleepy瞌睡的 (形容词) 10. beat—beat(过去式)—beating(现在分词) 11. against—for(反义词) 12. rise—rose(过去式) 13. fall—fell(过去式)—fallen(过去分词、形容词) 14. ice(名词)—icy(形容词) 15. kid—child(同义词)—kidded(过去式) --kidding(现在分词) 重点短语 1. go off (闹钟)发出响声 2. pick up 接电话 =answer the phone 3. fall asleep 进入梦乡,睡着= go to sleep 4. die down 逐渐变弱,逐渐消失 5. have a look 看一看 6. in the library 在图书馆 7. on the street 在大街上 8. at the bus stop 在公交车站 9. see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事 10. begin to do sth. 开始做某事 11. take a shower 洗澡 12. at that time 在那时 13. so many times 这么多次 14. have fun 玩得愉快 = have a good time = enjoy oneself 15. at first 开始;起初 =at the beginning 16. wake up 醒来;叫醒 17. find sth. in a mess 发现……一片狼藉 18. break sth. apart 把某物折断或分开 19. right away 立刻,马上= at once =right now 重点知识 1、My alarm didn’t go off so I got up late. 【词法】go off (铃声)响起 【拓展】go off还有“离开,(食物)变质”的意思。 如:Bob went off quickly alone and has not returned. 鲍勃一个人离开了,尚未回来。 Meat goes off quickly in hot weather. 热天肉坏得快。 2、I ran to the bus stop but I still missed the bus . 我跑向车站,但我还是错过了公交车。 【词法】miss作及物动词,意为“没赶上,错过” 如:I got up late so I missed the early bus. 【拓展】: 1) miss作及物动词,意为“想念,思念”。 如:I miss my parents very much. 2)miss(用于姓名或姓之前,尤指对未婚女子的称呼)“小姐”通常大写 如:Our English teacher is Miss Zhang. 3、 I called at seven and you didn’t pick up. 我在7点打了电话给你,但你没有接。 【词法】pick up(=pick up the phone)接电话 【拓展】pick up 还有“搭载,让人乘车;好转,改善;取回;拾起,捡起”的意思。 如:The bus stopped and picked up some passengers. 公共汽车挺下来,搭乘了一些乘客。 Trade picks up again. 生意又有了一些起色。 Please pick up my coat for me. 请为我取回大衣。 Please pick up your toys. 请捡起你的玩具。 4、I called again at eight and you didn’t answer then either. 我8点又给你打电话了,但你也没有回答。 【词法】either意为“也”用于否定句,一般放句末 5、 When you called, I was taking a shower. 当你打电话的时候,我正在淋浴。 So while you were sleeping, I called Jenny and she helped me. 所以在你睡觉期间,我打电话给珍妮,她帮助了我。 【辨析】when与while ①when是at or during the time that, 既指时间点,也可指一段时间,while是during the time that,只指一段时间,因此when引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是终止性动词,也可以是延续性动词,而while从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。 ②when 说明从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时,也可以是先后发生;while 则强调主句的动作在从句动作的发生的过程中或主从句两个动作同时发生。 ③由when引导的时间状语从句,主句用过去进行时,从句应用一般过去时;如果从句和主句的动作同时发生,两句都用过去进行时的时候,多用while引导, 如:a. When the teacher came in, we were talking. 当此句改变主从句的位置时,则为While we were talking, the teacher came in. b. They were singing while we were dancing. ④when和while 还可作并列连词。when表示“在那时”;while表示“而,却”,表对照关系。 如: a. The children were running to move the bag of rice when they heard the sound of a motor bike. 孩子们正要跑过去搬开那袋米,这时他们听到了摩托车的声音。 b. He is strong while his brother is weak. 他长得很结实,而他弟弟却很瘦弱。 6、Ben’s dad was putting pieces of wood over the windows while his moms was making sure the flashlights and radio were working. 【词法】make sure 查明;确信 【拓展】sure 的常见搭配 1) be sure of 对……有把握 如: I’m quite sure of your kindness. 我相信你的善良。 2) be sure +宾语从句 肯定/相信…… 如: I’m sure that she’ll win the game. 我确信她会赢得比赛。 3) be sure to 一定,必定 如:He’s sure to succeed. 他一定会成功。 7、Ben was helping his mom make dinner when the rain began to beat heavily against the window. 当暴风雨开始重重的打在窗户上时,本正在帮他妈妈做晚饭。 【词法1】beat 在本文中表示“敲打”,还可以表示“(心脏等)跳动”。另外,beat还有“打败,胜过”之意,后接的宾语多是某运动员或球队。其过去式为beat,过去分词为“beaten”,现在分词为beating. 如:We beat them by 2 to 1. 我们以2比1赢了他们。 His heart is still beating. 他的心脏还在跳动。 【词法2】against 作为介词,意义较丰富,有“反对;迎着,顶着;与……对比;紧靠;以……为背景 ”的含义。 如:I’m against doing anything until the police arrive here. 在警察来之前,我拒绝做任何事。 It’s very hard to walk against the wind. 迎着风走路很困难。 Against your last grade, it increased by 20. 与你上一次分数比较,这次高了20分。 Don’t understand against the wall. 不要靠墙站。 8、He finally fell asleep when the wind was dying down at around 3:00 a.m.当凌晨3点左右的时候,风开始小下去,他最后睡着了。 【词法1】fall asleep 入梦乡,睡着asleep adj. 睡着的 【词法2】die down 逐渐变弱,逐渐平息,相当于drop。 如:The wind dropped. = The wind died down. 风力减弱了。 【拓展】 (1) 词性: die v.(原形) died(过去式&过去分词) dying (过去分词) dead (adj.) death(n.) (2)短语:die of 因……致死 如: He died of a disease. 他因疾病而死。 9、 When he woke up, the sun was rising. 当他醒来,太阳正升起。 【词法1】wake 意为“醒过来”。但wake up 意为“叫醒”时,要注意宾语的位置,代词宾语要放在wake和up的中间。 如:Please wake me up at 6:00am tomorrow morning. 明天早上请在6点叫醒我。 【词法2】rise 作不及物动词,意为“上升,上涨;起立;起床”如: After the heavy rain the river will rise. 大雨之后,河水就会上涨。 He rose from his chair. 他从椅子上站了起来。 重点语法 一、过去进行时的定义 表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作。 He was having breakfast at six o’clock yesterday morning. 表示过去某个时间段正在进行的动作。 He was writing stories the whole morning. 二、过去进行时的结构 肯定结构:主语+was/were +doing+其它. I was watching TV at eight last night. 否定结构:主语+was/were +not +doing+其它. I was not watching TV at eight last night. 一般疑问句:Was/Were+主语+doing+其它? (1)Were you watching TV at eight last night? Yes, I was. / No, I wasn’t. (2)Was he having breakfast at seven this morning? Yes, he was. / No, he wasn’t. 特殊疑问句:疑问词+was/were+主语+doing+其它? 三、过去进行时定义的时间标志词 at+具体时刻+过去时间(at five last Saturday) at this time+过去时间(at this time yesterday) 过去时间段(from nine to ten last evening)at that time/moment 四、注意when &while引导的过去时间状语从句 五、过去进行时的考点 考点一、现在分词 动词 ing 的基本变化规则 口诀: 现在分词ing, 变法有三般。 一般直接加,见e去e加。 重读辅元辅,双写尾字母。 考点二、特殊句型 when &while引导的过去时间状语从句要点归纳: 短:短暂性动作(用一般过去时) 长:持续性动作(用过去进行时) 1. 口诀:when后可长亦可短,while后只可长 When the thief came in, I was sleeping. The thief came in, when I was sleeping. The thief came in, while I was sleeping. 2. 口诀:若是两个都为长,while 来把纽带当 While the thief was carrying the TV out, I was sleeping. The thief was carrying the TV out, while I was sleeping. Tips:一般过去时和过去进行时时间标志词的区别: 一般过去时:过去的不精确时间 过去将来时:过去的精确时间 Section B 重点单词 1. realize [ˈri:əlaɪz] v. 认识到,了解 2. passage [ˈpæsɪdʒ] n. 章节,段落 3. pupil [ˈpju:pl] n. 学生 4. completely [kəmˈpli:tli] adv. 彻底地,完全地 5. shocked [ʃɔkt] adj. 震惊的,震撼的 6. silence [ˈsaɪləns] n. 寂静,沉默 7. recently [ˈri:sntli] adv. 不久前,近来,最近 8. terrorist [ˈterərɪst] n. 恐怖分子 9. date [deɪt] n. 日期,日子 10. tower [ˈtaʊə(r)] n. 塔 11. truth [tru:θ] n. 真相,真理,事实 单词变形 1. realize—realized(过去式)—realizing(现在分词) 2. student—pupil(同义词) 3. complete—completely(副词)—finish(同义词) 4. shock(动词)—shocked(形容词) 5. silence(名词)—silent(形容词) 6. recent(形容词)—recently(副词) 7. true(形容词)—truly(副词)—truth(名词) 重点短语 1. make one's way 前往,费力地前进 2. in silence 沉默,无声 3. take down 拆除,往下拽,记录 4. be late for 迟到 5. at the event 在这次活动中 6. by the side of the road 在路边 7. walk by 从旁边经过 8. the school basketball competition 学校篮球比赛 9. in history 在历史上 10. an important event 一次重要的事件 11. on the radio 在收音机上 12. 10 minutes ago 十分钟前 13. the rest of 其余的 14. have meaning to sb. 对某人来说有意义 15. remember doing sth. 记得做过某事 16. look out of the window 向窗外看 17. point sth. out to sb. 向某人指出某物 18. go away 离开 20. as well 也= too = also 重点知识 1、People often remember what they were doing when they heard the news of important events in history. 人们常常记得当他们听到历史上重大事件的新闻时他们当时正在做什么。 【句法】“what they were doing”作remember的宾语从句,用了陈述语序。 2、My parents did not talk after that, and we finished the rest of our dinner in silence. 我的父母不再讲话,然后我们静静地吃完剩余的晚饭。 【词法1】the rest(n.) 剩余部分 【拓展1】rest的用法 (1)休息 v. & n. 如:Let’s have a rest. 让我们休息一会。(作名词) You have to lie down and rest. 你必须躺下休息。(作动词) (2)剩余部分,其余的人或物 ( the rest) 辨析:the rest & the others ① the rest 既可以代替可数名词,也可以代替不可数名词。 ② the others 只能代替可数名词。 如:I have four pens. One is red; the others  are black. 我有三支钢笔,一支是红色的,另两支是黑色的。 Some of the wheat is from Canada. What about the rest?一些小麦来自加拿大,其余的那些呢? 【词法2】in silence 沉默地, 寂静地 (1)词性:silence ( n.)--- silent (adj.) (2)短语: keep in silence = keep silent 保持沉默 如: Uncle Tom smoked at the corner in silence. 汤姆叔叔在一个角落里默默地吸烟。 Our teacher asked us to keep silent. 我们的老师要求我们保持安静。 3、Even the date--- September 11, 2001--- has meaning to most Americans.甚至日期---2001年9月11日,对大多数美国人都有(特殊)意义。 【词法】(1)mean (meant, meant) 及物动词,意为“意味,想要,意思是”. mean doing sth. “意味着(必须要做某事)” 如:Success means working hard. 成功意味着工作努力。 mean to do sth. “打算或企图做某事” 如:What do you mean to do with it? 你打算把它怎么处理? What do/did you mean by …? 句型的意思是“你……是什么意思?” 如:What do you mean by acting like this? 你这样做是什么意思。 (2)meaning 为名词,意为“意义,意思”. have meaning to sb. 意为“对某人具有意义”. the meaning of …意为“……的意思是” 如:What does it mean? 这是什么意思? Sorry, I didn’t quite catch your meaning. 对不起,我没有十分理解你的意思。 Do you know the meaning of this word?你知道这个单词的意思吗? 4、 I didn’t believe him at first, but then I looked out the window and realized that it was true. 起初,我不相信他,但当我从窗户向外望去时,我意识到知识真的。 【词法1】at first , first of all, firstly, first (1) at first: 起初;用于表示一段时间,与稍后时间作比较,常与later,soon等连用。 (2) first of all: 首先;表示根据时间顺序依次列出一系列事情,常与then,next等连用。 (3) firstly: 第一;用于例举一系列原因,看法或评论等,常与 secondly,thirdly等连用。 (4) first:首先,第一(次);用法同first of all,还可以用于“第一个做……”和“第一次”等。 【词法2】 (1) realize (v.) 意识到,实现; realized (动词过去式) realizing(动词-ing) realization (n.) 了解,实现--- realized (adj.) 实现的,已实现--- realizable (adj.) 可实现的,可感觉到的 如:As soon as we realized something was wrong, we moved the children away.我们一意识到出了问题,就立即把孩子们转移了。 At last she realized her dream of becoming an actress. 她最终实现了当演员的梦想。 Is the plan realizable? 这个计划可实现吗? $$

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Unit 5 知识提纲-2023-2024学年人教版英语八年级下册
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Unit 5 知识提纲-2023-2024学年人教版英语八年级下册
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