Unit 3 知识提纲 2023-2024学年人教版英语八年级下册

Unit 3 Could you please clean your room? Section A 一、重点单词 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. rubbish /'rʌbɪʃ/ n. 垃圾; 废弃物 (不可数) 2. fold /fəʊld/ v. 折叠; 对折 3. sweep /swi:p/ v. (swept [swept] ) 扫; 打扫 4. floor /flɔ:/ n. 地板 5. mess /mes/ n. 杂乱; 不整洁 messy [ˈmesi] adj. 凌乱的，散乱的; 肮脏的 6. throw /θrəʊ/ v. (threw [θru:]) 扔; 掷 7. neither /'naɪðə, 'ni:ðə/ adv. 也不 8. shirt /ʃɜ:t/ n. 衬衫 9. pass /pɑ:s/ v. 给; 递; 走过; 通过 10. borrow /'bɒrəʊ/ v. 借; 借用 11. lend /lend/ (lent [lent]) v. 借给; 借出 12. finger /'fɪŋgə/ n. 手指 13. hate /heɪt/ v. 厌恶; 讨厌 ≈ dislike 14. chore /tʃɔ:/ n. 杂务; 乏味无聊的工作 15. while /waɪl/ conj. 与......同时; 当......的时候; 而; 然而（表转折） 二、重点短语 Section A 1a-1c 1. do the dishes =wash the dishes洗餐具,洗碗 2. take out the rubbish=take out the trash 倒垃圾 3. fold one’s /the clothes 叠衣服（one’s用形容词性物主代词） 4. sweep/clean the floor 扫地 5. make one’s/the bed 整理床铺（one’s用形容词性物主代词) 6. clean the living room 打扫客厅 7. come over 顺便来访 Section A 2a-2d 8. go out for dinner 出去吃饭 9. go to the movies =go to the cinema =watch a movie=watch movies=see a film看电影 10. stay out late 在外面待到很晚 11. get a ride 搭车,搭便车 12. have a good rest 好好休息一下 13. give sb. a ride （顺便）捎某人一程 14. work on sth. 从事,忙于某事 15. help out with sth. 帮忙,解决,帮忙......摆脱困境 16. at least至少 at most 至多 17. be back from =come back from /get back from/return from 从......回来 18. any minute 随时 19. in a mess 一团糟;乱七八糟 What a mess! 真是一片狼藉！ Section A 3a-3c 20. solve the problem= work out the problem解决问题 21. come home from school 放学回家 22. throw down sth. 扔下,丢下 23. come over 过来，顺路拜访 24. be angry with=be mad at 生某人的气 25. take the dog for a walk 遛狗 26. help out around the house 在家帮忙,帮忙做家务 27. all the time= always一直;总是 28. talk/shout back 大声回应,顶撞,回嘴 29. walk away=go away 走开 30. at last=in the end= finally 最后 31. come home from work下班回家 32. in surprise 惊讶地 33. share the housework 分担家务 34. neither of 两者都不 35. as soon as=the minute 一......就...... (主将从现） Grammar Focus-4c 36. of course=sure=certainly 当然 37. hate doing /to do sth.= dislike doing /to do sth. 讨厌做某事 38.pass me the salt = pass the salt to me 把盐递给我 36.borrow sth from sb 向某人借某物 37.lend sb sth=lend sth to sb 把某物借给某人 38.get it wet 把它弄湿 39.do chores/ do housework 做杂务/家务 40.bring a tent 带帐篷 三、重点句型 Section A 1a-2d 1. -Could you please take out the rubbish? 你能把那些垃圾拿去倒吗？ -Sure./ No problem./ All right. 当然。/ 没问题。/好的。 2. -Could you please give me a ride to town now? 你现在载我去城里好吗 -Sorry, I can’t. I have to do some work now. 对不起，我没空。我现在有一些工作要做。 3. -Could I watch TV? 我可以看电视吗？ -Yes, you can, but first you have to clean your room. 可以，但首先你要整理自己的房间。 4. -Could I use your computer? 我可以用你的电脑吗？ -Sorry. I’m going to work on it now. 不好意思，我正准备用它。 5.Could I at least finish watching this show? 可以至少让我看完这个电视节目吧？ 6.I think two hours of TV is enough for you. 我认为看两个小时的电视对你来说够了。 7.And She won’ t be happy if she sees this mess. 如果她看到这样乱七八糟的话，她会不高兴的。 Section A 3a-3c 1.For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did I. 整整一周,她什么家务活都不干了,我也一样。 2. Neither of us did any housework for a week. 一星期以来，我们两个都不做家务。 Grammar Focus-4c 1.Could I borrow that book? 我可以借那本书吗？ Could you lend me some money? 你可以借给我一些钱吗？ 3. I’m trying not to get it wet. 我会设法不让它湿。 4.I hate to do chores.我讨厌做杂务。 四、重点知识 1.Could I at least finish watching this show? 可以至少让我看完这个电视节目吧？ ★finish doing sth 做完某事,完成某事 1)I’ll finish cleaning the floor right away.(clean)我将立刻扫完地。 2)You must finish reading in ten minutes.(read）你必须10分钟之内读完。 2.I think two hours of TV is enough for you. 我认为看两个小时的电视对你来说够了。 ★表示时间、距离、金钱、度量等词做主语,谓语动词用单数形式。 Ten kilometers is a long way to walk.(be) 10公里要走很长的一段路。 3.And she won’ t be happy if she sees this mess. 如果她看到这样乱七八糟的话，她会不高兴的。 以if引导的条件状语从句,主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时,先发生的动作用一般现在时,后发生的动作用一般将来时,即★主将从现。 e.g. I will teach Chinese if there aren’t enough Chinese teachers.(teach) 如果语文老师不够,我就教语文。 4. For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did I（=Me neither）. 整整一周,她什么家务活都不干了,我也一样。 ★倒装句:表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者。(两个主语,指的不是同一个人或物时,主谓语倒装;主语指的是同一个人或物,表强调事实的确如此时主谓语不倒装;前后时态要一致。)结构为: 肯 定 句 So be动词am/is/are/was/were 主语 否 定 句 Neither 情态动词can/must/should/could/ will/would等 Nor 助动词 do/does/did 1) She’s a student. So am I（=Me too）. 她是一名学生,我也是。 2)She didn’t go home yesterday. Neither did he（=He neither）. 昨天她没有回家,他也没有回家。 3)They can speak English. So can we. 他们会讲英语,我们也会。 特例：She’s very beautiful,so she is. 她很漂亮,是呀,的确很漂亮。 5. The minute I sat down in front of the TV, my mom came over. =My mom came over as soon as I sat down in front of the TV. 我刚在电视机前坐下，我妈就走过来了。 as soon as=the minute 一......就...... 6. Neither of us did any housework for a week. 一星期以来，我们两个都不做家务。 Neither of 做代词讲,做主语时,谓语动词用三单(第三人称单数)。 1)Neither of us teaches Chinese.(teach)我们两一个都不教语文。 2)Neither of them wants to watch a video.(watch)他们一个都不想看录像。 6.Could I borrow that book? 我可以借那本书吗？ Could you lend me some money?你可以借给我一些钱吗？ borrow和lend的区别: borrow(borrowed,borrowed)借,相对于主语来说,是“借进”,常用于短语borrow from...,向......借 lend(lent,lent)借,相对于主语来说,是“借出”,常用于短语lend ...to...,借给某人 keep 延续性动词 可与一段时间连用 keep for 加一段时间保留，保存 1) I borrowed the car from him yesterday. 我昨天跟他借的车。 2)He lent the car to me yesterday. 他昨天把车借给了我。 7. I’m trying not to get it wet.我会设法不让它湿。 try to do sth. 设法做/努力做/千方百计做某事； try (not) to do sth.设法/努力/千方百计不要做某事 1)Let’s try to understand the questions.(understand)让我们设法理解这些问题。 2)I’ll try not to keep a bird.( not keep)我将努力不再养鸟。 8.I hate to do chores.我讨厌做杂务。 （1） hate to do sth.该动作通常是一个具体或一次性特指的动作; （2）hate doing sth.该动作是一个表示习惯性或经常性不具体的动作。 1)He hates to swim in a such rainy day.(swim)他讨厌在这种雨天里游泳。 2)Mary hates swimming in spring.（swim)玛丽讨厌春天游泳。 五、单元语法 Unit3语法：情态动词could用法 情态动词could构成的句型可用于向对方委婉的提出请求或征求对方的许可。它本身不能作谓语，只能和动词原形一起构成谓语。could可以用can代替，但是could更委婉，答语避免使用could来回答。 1. 用于委婉地请求别人做事情 常用句型：Could you (please) do sth.? 肯定答语：OK、Certainly、of course、No problem、sure、With pleasure 否定答语：Sorry,I can’t. I have to.../ I’m afraid not. I have to... 2. 常用于委婉地请求别人允许自己做事情 常用句型：Could I do sth.? 肯定回答：Yes，you can./Certainly./Yes,please. 否定答语：Sorry,you can’t./I’m afraid you can’t. Section B 一、重点单词 1. snack   /snæk/  n. 点心; 小吃; 快餐 2. stress     /stres/  n. 精神压力; 心理负担 → stressed adj. 有压力的 3. waste   /weɪst/  n. 浪费; 垃圾v. 浪费; 滥用 → wasteful adj. 浪费的；挥霍的 4. provide  /prə'vaɪd/  v. 提供; 供应 5. anyway   /'enɪweɪ/  adv. 而且; 加之 6. depend     /dɪ'pend/  v. 依靠; 信赖 → dependent adj. 依靠的 → dependence. n.依赖 7. develop   /dɪ'veləp/  v. 发展; 壮大 → development n. 发展 8. independence   /'ɪndɪ'pendəns/  n. 独立 9. independent  /'ɪndɪ'pendənt/  adj. 独立的; 自主的 10. fairness    /'feənɪs/  n. 公正性; 合理性 11. fair   /feə/  adj. 合理的; 公平的 12. unfair    /'ʌn'feə/  adj. 不合理的; 不公正的 13. since    /sɪns/  conj. 因为; 既然 prep.,conj. & adv. 从......以后; 自......以来 14. neighbor (=neighbour)     n. 邻居 neighborhood  n.  临近街区；附近 15. ill      /ɪl/  adj. 有病; 不舒服 → illness n. 疾病 16. drop    /drɒp/  v. 落下; 掉下 二、重点短语 Section B 1a-1e 1. what for? 为了什么？ 2. ask their parents’ permission 3. 征求他们父母的同意 4. invite my friends to the party 5. 邀请我的朋友参加聚会 6. invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 7. invite sb. to sp. 邀请某人到某地 8. buy some drinks and snacks 买些饮料和小吃 9. be careful with sth. 小心对待某事物；当心.. 10. a few other things 一些其他的东西 Section B 2a-Self Check 11. have time to do sth.有时间做某事 12. enough stress from school 足够的学校压力 13. a waste of time 浪费时间 14. in order to (do sth.)为了做...... 15. spend their time on schoolwork 把时间花在学业上 16. get good grades 取得好成绩/优异的成绩 17. get into a good university 考上一所好的大学 18. get older 长大 19. there is no need for sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事没必要 20. provide a clean and comfortable environment for sb.为某人提供一个干净舒适的环境 21. provide...for sb. 为......提供...... 22. provide sb. with为......提供...... 23. mind doing sth 介意做某事 24. depend on their parents too much 过于依赖父母 25. depend on sb./ sth. 依赖,依靠,取决于 26. be always doing sth 总是做某事 27. develop children’s independence 培养孩子的独立性 28. look after themselves 照顾他们自己 29. look after/take care of/care for照顾/照看 30. do one’s part in doing 尽某人的职责做某事 31. as a result 结果（是）; 因此 32. have no idea how to take care of himself 不知道如何照顾他自己 33. fall ill 生病 34. learn to be independent 学会独立 35. agree with sb 同意某人 36. the earlier.., the better,,, 越早越好 37. a developed country 发达国家 38. a developing country 发展中国家 39. be fair/unfair to do sth 做某事(不)公平 40. for example 例如 41. be stressed out= get stressed out 感到有压力的；焦虑的 42. pros and cons 优缺点；正反两面；利弊 三、重点知识点 1.I don’t understand why some parents make their kids help with housework and chores at home. 我不能理解为什么有的家长让孩子在家里帮忙做家务。 ★ make sb./sth do sth. 使得某人或某物做某事,让某人或某物做某事 e.g. He always makes his brother cry.(cry)他总是惹得他的弟弟哭。 2.They don’t have time to study and do housework,too.他们也没有时间学习和做作业。 ★ have time to do sth. 有时间做某事 ★ have no time to do sth. 没有时间做某事 1) Tom had time to go fishing last Sunday. (go) 汤姆上星期天有时间去钓鱼。 3.They should spend their time on schoolwork in order to get good grades and get into a good university. 为了取得优异的成绩和进入一所好的大学 ★(1)spend主语是人：spend time／money on sth.在……上耗费时间（金钱） spend time／money(in)doing sth.耗费时间（金钱） cost 的主语是物也可以表明“值” sth.costs(sb.)＋金钱,某物花了（某人）多少钱。 take 主语是 it It takes sb.＋时间＋to do sth.做某事花了某人多少时间。 pay 的主语是人： pay(sb.)money for sth.付钱（给某人） 买……。 1)You must spend a lot of time on your schoolwork.你必须花大量的时间在学业上。 2)I should spend a lot of time (in) learning.(learn)我应该花大量的时间学习。 ★（2）in order to do sth. 为了做某事 1)We should work hard in order to get good grades.(get)为了取得好成绩,我们应该努力学习。 4.Also, when they get older, they will have to do housework so there is no need for them to do it now.而且,当他们长大后,他们就必须要做家务,因此他们现在没有必要做家务。 ★There is no need for sb. to do sth.对某人来说没有必要做某事 1)There is no need for us to give up our schoolwork.(give)我们没有必要放弃学业。 5.It’s the parents’ job to provide a clean and comfortable environment at home for their children. 在家里为孩子们提供一个干净舒适的家是家长的职责。 ★ It’s sb’s job to do sth. 做某事是某人的职责(sb’s用形容词性物主代词） 1)It’s my job to teach you to look after yourselves.(teach) 教你们学会照顾好自己是我的职责。 6.And anyway, I think doing chores is not so difficult. 反正,我认为做家务并非那么难。 ★ doing chores做家务,动名词做主语,谓语动词用单三/数。 1)Playing games is interesting.(be)玩电子游戏很有趣。 7.I don’t mind doing them. 我不介意做家务。 ★ mind doing sth. 介意做某事 1) I mind drinking.(drink)我介意喝酒 2) 。 3) 4) 8.I think it is important for children to learn how to do chores and help their parents with housework.★ It is +adj. for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事......; 否定形式为It’s+not +adj. for sb. to do sth. 或 It’s +adj. for sb. not to do sth.做某事不...... 1)It’s interesting for children to play computer games.(play) 对孩子们来说,玩电子游戏很有趣。 9.They are always asking “ can you get this for me?”他们老是问:“你能帮我弄弄这个吗？” ★ be always doing sth. 老是做某事,总是做某事 1)My little brother is always making me angry.(make)我弟弟老是让我生气。 11.The earlier kids learn to be independent, the better it is for their future. 孩子们越早学会独立,对他们的将来就越好。 ★ 1)learn to do sth. 学会做......,学习做......; ★ 2)the+比较级......,the+比较级...... 越来......越...... 1)They should learn to live.他们应该学会生存。 2)We should learn to sing the song.(sing) 我们应该学会唱这首歌。 3)The more you learn,the more you want to learn. 你学到的越多,越想学。 【补充】常见的接动词ing的句型: 1.like/love doing sth.喜欢做某事,侧重于经常性习惯性爱好 I like wearing red coat very much.(wear)我非常喜欢穿红色的外衣。 2.hate doing sth.讨厌做某事,该动作是一个表示习惯性或经常性不具体的动作。 I hate keeping a dog.(keep)我讨厌养狗。 3.begin/start doing sth.开始做某事,侧重于持续性的开始,从过去开始一直持续下去。 I began learning English in 2000.(learn)我在2000年开始学习英语。 4.enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做...... I enjoy reading book. (read)我喜欢看书。 5.practice doing sth.练习做...... You must practice speaking Putonghua every day.(speak)你必须每天练习讲普通话。 6.keep on doing sth. 继续/一直/坚持做...... Let’s keep on finding out where is MH370.让我们继续找MH370在哪里吧。 7.mind doing sth.介意做....../mind sb. doing sth.介意某人做某事 Would you mind opening the door?(open)你介意开门吗？ 8.be busy doing sth. 忙于做...... He’s busy making a boat now.(make) 他们正忙于造一艘船。 9.have fun /have good time/have a wonderful time/have a great time/have a good day doing sth. 很高兴做某事 I had fun feeding the chickens on the farm.(feed)在农场喂小鸡我很开心。 10.feel like doing sth. 想要做...... Song Zhongji feels like travelling in China very much. (travel)宋仲基非常想到中国旅游。 11.can’t help doing sth. 禁不住做(情不自禁)做...... As soon as he saw his mom he couldn’t help crying.(help) 他一看到他的妈妈就情不自禁的哭了起来。 12.finish doing sth.完成（结束）...... I will finish watching at 10:00 this evening.（watch） 13.be halfway to doing sth.做了一半,完成了一半 I am halfway to finishing my work.(finish)我的工作完成了一半。 14.look forward to doing sth. 盼望做..... I look forward to going to Huangguoshu Waterfall again.我期待着再次到黄果树瀑布。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$