语法时态语态课件-2025届高三英语一轮复习

动 词 时态、语态 1 谓语 动词 非谓语 动词 连系动词 am is are was were look sound seem get turn 实义动词/行为动词(vt./vi) run sing learn say write 助动词 do does did have has will 情态动词 can may must need dare 不定式 ( to do ) 现在分词 ( V-ing ) 过去分词 ( V-ed ) 时态 语态 虚拟语气 动词 时态 现在时(do) 过去时(did) 将来时(will do) 过去将来时 一般态 do/does did will do would do 进行态 (be doing) be doing was/were doing will be doing would be doing 完成态 (have done) have/has done had done will have done would have done 完成进行态 (have been doing) have/has been doing had been doing will have been doing would have been doing How many tenses? Form 时：是说明动作发生的时间。 态：是说明动作完成的程度 时态：英文中，用于说明动作发生的时间和状态的结构 1.一般现在时 They are always happy. Totoro often plays happily. 主语＋动词原形/第三人称单数形式＋其他 future past now (1)表示经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态，常与 seldom, often, usually, always, sometimes, every day, on Sundays, once a week 等频度副词和表频率的时间状语连用。 用法 01 一般现在时 1 I go to school at seven every day. 2 The earth moves around the sun. (2)表示客观真理、科学事实和格言警句。 注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时态，从句中谓语动词也要用一般现在时态。 (1)表示经常性的、习惯性的动作，常与频度时间状语连用, 如： always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never, every+时间； on+星期 He said 用法 01 一般现在时 3 I'll go shopping with my mother if she is free tomorrow. (3)在if条件状语从句中“主将从现”。 4 The train leaves for Jinan at 9:00. (4)表示按时间表或安排好的事或将要发生的事情。如火车发车，飞机起飞等。 2.一般过去时 They were happy at that time. It rained heavily last night. 主语＋动词过去式＋其他 结构 future past now 02 一般过去时 用法 Last year I went to the Hangzhou National Tea Museum. 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。 We often ______ to work by bus last year. went 3.一般将来时 They will go home tomorrow. She is going to read books tonight. 主语＋will/shall ＋动词原形＋其他 主语＋ be going to ＋动词原形＋其他 1.表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与 soon, next time, tomorrow, from now on, tonight,in a few days 等表示将来的时间状语连用。 2. 表示计划、“打算”，或根据迹象推测将要发生的事情也用 be going to；但表示客观情况、有礼貌的邀请或意愿时用 will 而不用 be going to；shall表示将来的动作时仅用于I/we。 3.现在进行时表将来。表示位置移动的动词可用“be＋动词-ing 形式”表示将来，如 leave, start, begin, stay, come, go 等，表示即将发生或安排好要做的事。 即练 单句填空 1. The world ______________ (celebrate) Earth Day every year on April 22. 2. The bullet train to Beijing _______ (take) off at 11:00 am. Let’s hurry. 3. It was Anna that ______________________ (introduce) the book Pay It Forward to Sarah two months ago. 4. He ________________ (leave) for London in two hours to meet with his manager. celebrates takes introduced is leaving 4.现在进行时 They are shouting now. Look! They are dancing. 主语＋am/is/are＋动词的现在分词＋其他 （1）表示现在或现阶段（指说话人说话时）正在发生的动作。 Scientists are now trying to make robots look like humans and do the same things as us. We are making model planes these days. (2)趋向动词 come, go, leave, fly 等用现在进行时表示将来 They are leaving for England tomorrow. (3)表示频繁发生的习惯性动作时，常与 always 等频度副词连用，带有一定的感情色彩 He is always telling a lie. 5.过去进行时 He was waiting for you at that time. 主语＋was/were＋动词的现在分词＋其他 I was doing my homework all the morning yesterday. 1.表示过去某一时间点或某一段时间正在进行的动作，常与 at this/the time yesterday, then, yesterday, at that time 等表示过去的时间状语连用 We entered the room while he was listening to the radio. 2.在含有while引导的时间状语从句中，从句用过去进行时，表示动作在过去某一时刻同时进行。 This time tomorrow we'll be sitting in the cinema and watching a film.. 主语＋will＋be+动词的现在分词＋其他 明天这个时候我们会坐在电影院看电影。 6.将来进行时 常用的时间状语有: at this time tomorrow/ from nine to ten tomorrow evening/ all day tomorrow/... 表示将来某时刻正在进行的或延续的动作 7.现在完成进行时 Tom has been working hard since the new term began. 表示动作从过去某时开始一直持续到现在,并有可能持续下去。 You have been telling me not to be late all the way. 主语＋has/have been＋ving+其他 即练 单句填空 1. While he ______________ (wait) for the bus, I asked him to lend me twenty pounds. 2. The weather is annoying. It _______________ (rain) since last Sunday. 3. Jane won’t attend the meeting at 3 o’clock this afternoon, because she ________________ (teach) a class at that time. 4. James is always ________ (help) others in need. was waiting has been raining will be teaching helping 8.现在完成时 He has already finished his work. They have learned English for three years. 主语＋has/have＋动词的过去分词 结构 (1)强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响; (2)表示过去开始的动作一直延伸到现在,还有可能继续下去。 已经 用法 08 现在完成时 分类 用法 举例 延续性 动词 能够延续的动作或状态,在完成时中能与表示持续一段时间状语连用 work, study, live, keep, stay 非延续 性动词 短暂性动词、瞬间动词，表示不能延续的动作，在完成时中不能和表示持续一段时间的状语连用，如果和表示一段时间的状语连用，就要用其他词代替 go, come, arrive, leave, begin, start, join, marry，end, die 注意:非延续性动词不能与表示段时间连用 非延续性动词 延续性动词 buy have borrow/lend have/keep become be begin/start be on come/go back be back close be closed catch a cold have a cold die be dead 延续性动词和非延续性动词之间的转化 用法 08 现在完成时 He found the book that he had lost. I didn’t know I had given you so much trouble. 9.过去完成时 had＋动词的过去分词（done） 1.表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已完成的动作或存在的状态,即“过去的过去” future past now 2.表示从过去某一时间延续到另一过去时间的动作。常用的时间状语有: by +过去时间( then/ the end of last month/ by the time we got home/…) future past now By the end of yesterday, we had received over 1,000 letters from all over the world. 到昨天为止,我们已经收到了来自世界各地的1,000多封信。 表示到将来某一时间或动作之前已发生的动作。 常用的时间状语有: by +将来时间；by the time +句子 By the end of 2037, the world’s population will have reached 9 billion. （将来完成时） future past now 将来完成时 10.将来完成时 主语＋will＋have+动词的过去分词(done) 即练 单句填空 1. It is the first time that I ________ (meet) my nephew. 2. (2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Over the years, John ________ (take) on many big jobs. 3. We _______________ (learn) 3，500 words by the end of last term. 4. No sooner ________ she heard the bad news than she burst into tears. 5. We _______________ (finish) the report by next Monday. have met has taken had learned/learnt had will have finished Voice(语态): 表示主语与谓语动词之主客关系的动词形式称为语态。 若主语为动作动词的行为发出者，那么表达这种关系的动词形式叫做主动语态. （Active Voice） 反之，若主语为动作动词的承受者，那么表达这种关系的动词形式叫做被动语态.（Passive Voice） They respect him. He is respected by them. 语态：主动语态&被动语态 常用动词时态语态一览表 (以do为例） 　　形式时间　　 一般式 （be done) 进行式 (be being done) 完成式 (have been done) 现在 am/ is/ are done am/ is/are being done have/has been done 过去 was/were done was/were being done had been done 将来 shall/will be done shall/will have been done 构成： be done Tips 判断主语是动作发出者还是动作承受者； 判断语句中的时态（根据时间副词或从句）； 动词的被动语态与主语保持主谓一致（第三人称人数、复数等）。 People regard it as a mascot (吉祥物) in The 2022 Olympic Winter Games. It ___________ as a mascot (吉祥物) in The 2022 Olympic Winter Games (by people). 主语A+谓语动词B1（及物动词）+宾语C 主语C+谓语动词B2(变被动,与主语一致)+宾语A do/does--- 一般现在时 is regarded am/is/are done Caoxue, dean（院长）of Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts (广州美术学院), designed the image of Bing Dwen Dwen in 2019. The image of Bing Dwen Dwen ______________by Caoxue, dean of Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts (广州美术学院) in 2019. 一般过去时 did--- was designed was/were done We will defeat COVID-19 in the future. Dr. Zhong Nanshan said we would defeat COVID-19 in the future. COVID-19 ________________(by us) in the future. Dr. Zhong Nanshan said COVID-19 _______________ (by us) in the future. 一般将来时 过去将来时 will do--- would do--- will be defeated would be defeated will be done would be done Some people ______________________(quarantine 隔离) now due to the pandemic. I heard the news that some people ____________________ (quarantine) due to the pandemic when I was watching TV. 现在进行时 过去进行时 am/is/are doing--- was/were doing--- are being quarantined were being quarantined am/is/are being done was/were being done Doctors have found an effective way to defeat the disease so far. People had not needed masks before the outbreak of COVID 19. 现在完成时 过去完成时 has/have done--- had done--- An effective way to defeat the disease _____________ (by doctors) so far. Masks ______________ before the outbreak of COVID 19. has been found had not been needed has/have been done had been done ①We can defeat the disease if we work together! ②We see doctors work day and night. ①The disease ______________if we work together! ②Doctors __________ work day and night. can/could/should/may/might + do ---- can be defeated 情态动词+be done are seen to 作宾补的不定式如果省略了to，变成被动语态时，需加上to 即练 单句填空 1. 【2024北京卷】On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood ________ (name) the world’s oldest living man. 2. 2024浙江1月卷】However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes ________ (offer) in smaller packs. Even the biggest sausage fan doesn’t want to eat them every day. 3. (2023·全国甲卷)Carson proves that a simple lyric form that ___________(pass) down through the ages can still be employed today to draw attention to important truths. was named be offfered has been passed 谢 观 谢 看 2．进行时态 4．完成时态 2．被动语态的特殊情况 $$