Unit 4 Body Language 词汇课详解讲义-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册

Reading and thinking Vocabulary Unit4 Body Language interaction n.交流，相互影响 interact V. 相互影响; 相互作用 We use both words and body language to express our thoughts and opinions in our interactions with other people. 在与他人的交往中，我们用话语和肢体语言来表达自己的思想和观点。 interact with 与......互动；与......交流 vary vi .（根据情况）变化，改变 variety n. 变化，种类，多样性 …varies from culture to culture. 因文化而异。 various adj. 各种各样的 variety n.多样(化)；多变(性)；变化 a variety of=varieties of 许多的;各种各样的 vary from...to...从……到……不等;在……到……之间变动 vary in sth 在某方面不同 vary with sth 随……而变化 appropriate adj. 合适的；恰当的 appropriately adv. 合适地；恰当地 be appropriate to/for 适用于；合乎 be appropriate to do sth 做某事是合适的 inappropriate adj. 不合适的；不恰当的 …that is appropriate to the culture you are in. 符合你所处的文化。 approve [əˈpruːv] vi. 赞成；同意 vt. 批准；通过 approval n. 赞成；通过；同意 disapprove v.不赞成 disapproval n. 不赞成;谴责 approve of 赞成；同意 Eye contact is not always approved of. 眼神交流并不总是被认可的。 demonstrate ['demənstreit] vt. 表现; 表达; 说明; 证明 demonstration n. 证明，示范 gesture n. 手势;姿势;姿态 It may demonstrate respect to look down when talking to an older person. 与年长者交流时，目光下垂表示敬重。 witness vt.当场看到；目击；见证 n.目击者；证人 witness sth/that 目击…… be (a) witness to sth 某事/物的目击者/见证人/证明 witness sb doing sth 目击某人做某事 In Japan, someone who witnesses another person employing the gesture might think it means money. employ vt.使用;应用;雇用 employ sb to do sth 雇用某人做某事 employ oneself in doing sth=be employed in doing sth 忙于做某事 employ sb as...雇用某人为…… employer n.雇主;老板 employee n.雇员;受雇者 employment n.工作;职业;雇用 unemployment: n. 失业; 失业人数 (unemployed: 失业的) 在日本，一个人看到另一个人使用这种手势，可能会认为这表示金钱。 identical [aɪˈdentɪkl] adj. 相同的 identically adv. 相同地 be identical to/with... 与...相同/一样 In France, a person encountering an identical gesture may interpret is as meaning zero. interpret [ɪnˈtɜːprət]vt. 把…理解(解释)为...; 口译 在法国，看到同一个手势的人可能会将其解释为“零”。 differ vi. 相异;不同于 differ from 与……不同 differ in 在……方面不同 be different from 与……不同 make a difference(to...)(对……)有作用或影响 different adj.不同的 difference n.差别;不同 Even we use for “yes” and “no” differ around the world. 即便是用于表示肯定和否定的身体语言，在世界各地也不尽相同。 cheek n.脸颊 favour vt.较喜欢;选择;有利于　n.帮助;恩惠;赞同 favorite adj. 最喜欢的 favorable adj. 支持的，有利的 ask sb a favour＝ask a favour of sb 请某人帮忙 do sb a favour 帮某人一个忙 in favour of = approve of 同意；支持；赞成 favour doing sth. 喜欢做某事 People favour shaking hands. 人们喜欢见面时握手。 bow /baʊ/ vi. 鞠躬;点头v.低(头) n.弓;蝴蝶结 bow to 向…鞠躬，屈从于 waist n.腰，腰部 Bowing from the waist. 弯腰鞠躬。 break down 消除；分解；打破；(机器)出故障；(身体)垮掉 break in 插嘴；闯入 break into 强行闯入 break out (战争、疾病等)爆发 break up 分解，分拆；驱散；(关系等)破裂 break through 突破 break away (from) 逃跑；挣脱； barrier n.隔阂，障碍 break down barriers. 消除障碍。 anger n. 愤怒；怒气 vt. 使生气；激怒 angry adj. 生气的；愤怒地 angrily adv. 生气地；愤怒地 = in anger 13 reliable adj.可靠的；可信赖的 rely on/upon =depend on 指望；依赖 rely on/upon sb to do sth 指望某人做某事 rely on it that...相信…… ；指望…… unreliable 　adj. 不可靠的 reliably adv. 可靠地；可信地 rely vi.依赖；依靠 incident n.发生的事情，严重事件，冲突 trial n./vt.审讯，审判，实验，试用 on trial 在试验中；在受审中 Jeremy witnessed the whole incident and was expected to be the key witness at the trail. Jeremy 目睹了整个事件，并期望成为审判的关键人。 internal [in'tɜ:nl] adj. 内部的;里面的 external adj. 外部的，外面的 …that are influenced by internal thoughts and feelings. ……受内在的想法和感受影响。 Reading for writing Vocabulary Unit4 Body Language reveal /rɪˈviːl/ = disclose vt. 揭示;显示;露出 reveal sth. to sb. 向某人透露某事 it is revealed that… 据透露… The actor reveals the situation and messages. 演员透露了一些情况和消息。 clarify /ˈklærəfaɪ/ vt. 使更清晰易懂;阐明;澄清 clarification n. 阐明,澄清 clarify a situation 阐明情况 clarify one's stand 阐明某人的立场 educator n. 教育工作者，教师，教育学家，教育家 educate vt. 教育，教导，训练 educated adj.受过教育的，有教养的 education n. 教育；受到的教育 educational adj.有教育意义的 As an educator. 作为一名教育者。 tick /tɪk/ vt. 给(试卷、问题等)打钩号 vi.(钟表)发出嘀嗒声n.钩号 What makes each student tick？ 每个学生为什么会这样做呢？ tendency n. 趋势；倾向 have a tendency to do sth 倾向于做某事 tend to do sth 往往会做某事；有做某事的倾向 tend vi. 往往会；趋向；照顾；护理 People have a tendency to lean towards what they are interested in. 人们在对某种事物感兴趣时，会身体前倾。 lower /'ləʊə/ vt. 把…放低;降低;减少 adj.下面的;下方的;较小的 low adj. 低的 imply /ɪmˈplaɪ/ vt. 意味着;暗示 it’s implied that… 这意味着… implication n. 暗示，言外之意 So if a student has his head lowered to look at his watch, it implies he is bored and just counting the minutes for the class to end. 所以，如果一名学生低头看手表，这就表明他很无聊，数着时间，只盼着早点下课。 barely /ˈbeəli/ adv. 几乎不;勉强才能;刚刚 bare adj.光秃秃的 Their eyes barely move, and they always have the same distant expression on their faces. 他们的眼睛几乎不动，脸上表情疏远呆滞。 chin /tʃɪn/ n. 下巴 With their chins on their hands. 他们用手托着下巴。 occupy vt.: 占, 占用, 占领, 占据;填满 occupied adj.不空闲的，忙碌的 occupation n.职业, 占有 be occupied in doing sth. 忙于做某事 be occupied with sth. 从事/忙于某事 stare /steər/ at vi. 盯着看;凝视 n.凝视 ceiling /ˈsiːlɪŋ/ n. 天花板;上限 They occupy themselves by staring out of the window or up at the ceiling. 全神贯注地盯着窗外或天花板。 distract vt.分散（注意力）；使分心 distraction n.分散；使人分心的事 distracted adj.心烦意乱的；注意力分散的 distract sb from sth 转移/分散...（对某事）的注意力 The main thing is reminding distracted students that they need to pay attention in class. perceive: vt. 察觉; 看待; 理解 perceive …as/to be… 将…看成/理解为… distinguish vi.& vt.区分；辨别 distinguish...from 把……与……区分开来 distinguish between A and B 区分A和B be distinguished for/as 因/作为……而出名 distinguished adj. 卓越的；著名的；杰出的 When it is easy to perceive when students are interested, bored, or distracted, it is sometimes much harder to distinguish when students are troubled. 尽管学生们何时（对讲课）感兴趣。何时感到无聊或精力不集中是容易察觉的，但要发现学生何时有困扰有时会难得多. anxiety n.焦虑；担心；害怕 with anxiety (=anxiously) 焦虑地 be anxious about 为某事焦虑 be anxious to do sth 急于做某事 anxious adj.焦虑的；担心的；渴望的 chest /tʃest/ n. 胸部;胸 chest muscles 胸肌 Students who are angry, afraid, or experiencing anxiety may have their arms crossed in front or their chests… 愤怒、害怕或焦虑的学生会双臂交叉放在胸前…… embarrassed /ɪmˈbærəst/ adj. 难堪的;尬的 embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的 embarrass v.使尴尬 ashamed adj.羞愧；惭愧；难为情的 be ashamed to do 羞于做…… It's a shame that... ...……真遗憾。 shame n.惭愧；羞耻 shameful adj.可耻的；丢脸的 shameless adj. 不知廉耻的，无耻的 They may also hide their faces in their hands like they are embarrassed or ashamed. 也会双手捂脸，一副尴尬或羞愧的样子。 merely adv. 只是，仅仅，只不过 mere adj. 仅仅的 call on (短暂地)访问，要求,正式邀请 拜访：play a visit to 或 drop by/in call off 取消 call up 打电话，使回忆起 call for 要求；需要 call on sb to do sth 号召/呼吁某人做某事 Some students act this way merely because they are afraid of being called on by the teacher. 有些学生这样，只是因为他们害怕老师提问。 bother vt.& vi.费心;麻烦 n.麻烦 bother sb to do sth 劳烦某人做某事 bother sb. with sth. 拿某事来烦扰某人 weep /wiːp/ vi.＆vt.哭泣;流泪 at work 有某种影响;在工作 However, if a student does not bother to brush her hair and her eyes are red from weeping, then I can infer that there are deeper issues at work. 但是，要是学生都懒得梳头，并且两眼因哭泣而发红，那么我能够推断出她遇到了更严重的问题。 conflict: n. 矛盾; 冲突vi. 冲突; 抵触 be in conflict with sb. （over sth）. 和某人（在某事上）有冲突 It could be that she is having serious conflicts with other students or at home. 极有可能是她与同学或家人发生了很大的冲突。 inquire vi./vt. 询问，打听=enquire inquiry n.调查；询问；打听 I know I need to inquire and access what is going on. 我知道我必须去询问一下发生了什么。 ultimately adv. 最终; 最后 ultimate adj. [目标等]最终的 finally/eventually/lastly Ultimately， my duty is helping every student to learn. 最后，我的职责是帮助每一位学生学习。 adjust vt.调整；调节 vi.& vt.适应；(使)习惯 adjust... to．.. 调整……以适应…… adjust (oneself) to sth/doing sth 使(自己)适应于(做) …… make an adjustment/adjustments to... 对……作出调整 adjustment n．调整；调节；适应 adjustable adj. 可调节的 Their body language lets me know when to adjust class activities,……. 他们的肢体语言让我知道该何时调整课堂活动 intervene: vi. 干预; 介入 intervention n. 干预;介入 intervene in sth. 干预/介入某事 Their body language lets me know when to adjust class activities, when to intervene, and when to talk to students individually, so they can all get the most out of school. 他们的肢体语言让我知道该何时调整课堂活动、何时干预、何时单独与学生谈话，从而让他们在校收获最大。 react vi. (对…)起反应; 回应; (对食物等)有不良反应 reaction: n. 反应; 回应; 生理反应 react to 对...做出反应/回应 component n.组成部分，零件 Reacting to body language is an important component of being a teacher. 对肢体语言作出反应是教师职责的重要组成部分。 $$