2024年中考英语高阶阅读解题策略

初中英语 高级思维阅读 解题策略 初中英语高阶思维阅读 解题策略 姓名:_ 常见英语高级思维阅读题型: 1. 猜测词义题 2. 推断题 3. 语气态度题 4. 插入句子题 5. 主旨大意题 6. 文章结构题 7. 判断体裁与出处 【猜测词义题】 一、猜词题常用设问方式。 (1) The underlined “…” in the passage means _. (2) The underlined word “…” in paragraph 3 means _ in Chinese. (3) The Chinese meaning of the word “…” in this passage is probably “_”. 二、猜词题解题策略。 猜词题所猜测对象可以分为三类:即对单词、短语和句子的意思的猜测;选项既可能是中文也可能是英文。解答猜词题,建议使用如下解题策略:理解全文,左顾右盼,上下求索。 Step 1:充分利用上下文的解题线索和词根词缀的知识解决猜词题,具体有如下几种方法: (1)定义法:通过定语,同位语和从句来猜测意思; (2)逻辑关系法:通过上下文的同义词,近义词,反义词,表对比关系的词来猜测意思;通过因果关系来猜测词义:即由原因推导结果,由结果推导原因; (3)列举法:通过理解文中的举例猜测词意; (4)构词法:通过词根词缀的基础知识猜测词意; (5)上下文语境法:通过理解上下文的意思猜测词意思。 Step 2:结合选项和上下文敲定最佳选项。 另外,不少猜词题的选项中文都是古诗词,建议各位考生注意提升自己的中文能力。 三、例题分析。 例1: Shout loudly. If you know someone is coming up behind you to attack, turn toward the person with your hands up in front of your body and loudly say “stop” before walking away. Loud voice can usually make the attacker calm down. If the person doesn’t stop, cry for help by calling out the name of a teacher whose office is nearby. The underlined word “attack” in paragraph3 means_ in Chinese. A. 拥抱 B. 攻击 C. 阻止 D. 吸引 策略运用: 正确选项为B。该题适合使用上下文语境法,如果有人走到你的身后attack 你,转向这个人,双手举在胸前,大声说stop, 然后再走开;如果这个人不停止,就像办公室在附近的老师求救。根据语境可知,attack肯定不是一个令人愉快的动作,所以排除AD;而根据后面的像附近的老师求救这一信息,则应该选B,攻击。 例2: Scientists in Britain and the United States have made a new kind of enzyme (酵素) that eats plastics (塑料). With its help, plastics can be turned into smaller parts and go away quickly. Scientists believe that, in the future, it could solve the problem of plastic pollution. The enzyme is able to break down PET, a form of plastic. PET was first made in the 1940s and is now widely used to make plastic bottles. It can remain in the environment for many years and pollute large areas of land and water. So it has always been a headache to deal with the waste from PET and other plastics. The underlined phrase “break down” in the passage probably means “_” in Chinese. A.实验 B.生产 C.发明 D.分解 策略运用: 正确选项为B。该题适合使用单词意义和上下文语境法。step-1: 根据短语的每个单词的字面意思猜测该短语的字面意思:break:v.打破; down:adv. 向下;字面意思是向下打破;step-2:带着短语的字面意思进入文章的上下文进行理解,并结合选项加以判断。第一段讲:英美的科学家发现了一种新的可以吃掉塑料的酵素。在酵素的帮助之下,塑料可以被变成更小的部分。第二段:科学家认为在未来这个酵素可以解决塑料污染的问题。这个酵素能够break down PET这种塑料。从上下文可知这种酵素是解决塑料污染问题的,而刚刚break down的字面意思是向下打破,所以排除生产和发明者两个选项,选项A实验也不符合全篇讲处理塑料污染的大语境,所以答案选D,分解。 例3: For example, it is common to eat on the way to school, at our desk, or in front of the TV. But TCM thinks it is wrong. Here are the correct ways:sit down to eat. While eating, turn off the TV and get away from the work desk. Eat seasonal foods. Do not miss any of the three meals. Also, get your body moving often, just as the saying goes,” Running water is never stale.” 58. The underlined sentence in paragraph 4 means” _” in Chinese. A.水到渠成 B.流水不腐 C. 柔情似水 D.绿水长流 策略运用: 正确选项为B。该题适合使用上下文语境法。该文段主要讲的是健康的生活方式。最后一句话:让你的身体经常动起来,正如有句话说得好,“running water is never stale.” 这句话的字面意思就是流动的水不会stale, stale 这个单词很多同学不认识,上一句都在提倡要让身体动起来,只有选项B,流水不腐,强调水只有流动才不会发臭,类比运动对身体的重要性,正确。选项ACD均不满足倡导运动的上下文语境。 【推断题】 一、推断题目常用设问方式。 1、段落、篇章推断类: (1) We can infer that the writer _. (2) We can infer from this passage that _. (3) From the passage/ Paragraph X, we can infer that _. (4) It can be inferred from the passage that _. (5) After reading this passage, we can infer that _. (6) According to the passage/ Paragraph X, we can infer that _. 2、篇章续写类: (1) According to the passage, the writer is going to write about _ in the next paragraph. (2) According to the passage, the next paragraph is going to talk about _. 二、推断题解题策略。 Step 1:通读文章,理解文章大意,有助于把握文本脉络,快速搜索选项相关信息。 Step 2:细读四个选项,清楚了解每个选项的含义。 Step 3:返回文中,搜索选项对应信息并进行推断,排除3种非推断得出的选项(未能正确理解文章的选项、属于原文信息的选项和无中生有信息的选项),选择正确推断出的选项。为了便于同学们记忆非推断选项的特征,可简单记为“魏蜀吴”不能选:“魏(未)”,未理解正确的信息。“蜀(属)”,属于原文的信息。“吴(无)”,无中生有的信息。 三、例题分析。 例1: When “A Youthful Asia” came out at the Asian Culture Carnival (嘉年华) , tears filled my eyes. It’s Zhang Yixing, the singer and dancer standing there for us young people in China, and the very one who stopped me from falling. Three years ago, my new school life began. As a junior boy from the countryside, I could hardly keep up. I tried, but still felt like an outsider. Nobody would pick me for teamwork. So I stayed in the corner, hanging my head low as if I didn’t care. There was a fear in me that all my school life would be colorless. Then on May 4, I saw “colorless” in Yixing’s book about his life. How could this be true for someone just named the youth idol (青年偶像)? I read the book again, smiling with the fun part of his childhood and touched by his promise to his mum. Something wet my eyes when he joked about his training years in Korea. He doubled his practice, pushing himself so hard as to be called “the trainee (练习生) like god”. He said it probably meant “the trainee like mad”. I might have tried, but not as hard as he did. “Whenever I feel I might be falling, I tell myself to hold on until I find my moment.” says Yixing. For me, this moment means a better self inside and a larger world outside. So I told myself I would also make a difference if I could hold on for a longer time. Luckily, every Youth Day after that, Yixing would be there on CCTV, encouraging me with his progress. When someone asked him what color his training life was, Yixing smiled, “It’s colorless. I don’t know what color effort is.” But effort pays. Not he’s standing at the Asian Culture Carnival, and I know he is looking forward to something even bigger. We can infer that the writer _. A. is ready for a trip around the world B. is learning to sing and dance C. is expecting a better future for himself D. is writing a book about himself 策略运用: Step 1:通读文章,理解文章大意。本文讲的是,作者最初是一个自卑的农村小孩,张艺兴的故事激励了他,对他产生了影响。 Step 2:细读四个选项。A选项是作者准备环球旅行。B选项是作者正在学习唱歌跳舞。C选项是作者为自己期待一个更好的未来。D选项是作者正在写一本关于他自己的书。 Step 3:返回文中,搜索选项对应信息,并进行推断,逐个排除“魏蜀吴”选项。文中并无与A选项相关的信息,是无中生有的信息(“吴”),故排除。与B选项相关的信息为第一段Zhang Yixing, the singer and dancer,可知学习唱歌跳舞的人是张艺兴,而非作者,是未正确理解的信息(“魏”),故排除。C选项相关信息出现在文章第五段”For me, this moments means a better self inside and a larger world outside”,意思是对他而言,这个时刻意味着内心中要给更好的自己和外界一个更广阔的世界,可推断出C正确。文中并无与D选项相关的信息,也是无中生有的信息(“吴”),排除。故选C。 例2: A cup of coffee is a good way for many people to start their day. It can also pass on kindness. Manyang Kher used to be a Sudanese child refugee (难民). When he was three years old, his village was burnt in the war. He was separated from his parents and never saw them again. He became one of the 20,000 young Sudanese who had to leave their home for Ethiopia’s Gambella area. He lived there as a refugee for 13 years. When he was 16, Kher went to the United States. While he was in college, he started a program to help the refugees. Now, he owns a coffee company (公司) called 734, which is part of his program. The company has helped more than 200,000 refugees living in the Gambella area till now. Kher said, “I know the difficulties and pains they face every day. You see kids die from hunger. You see kids dying of illnesses. You see kids running away from the refugee camp to find a place to be home, but die on the way.” Eighty percent of the money made by the coffee company is used to send more of the children to school. And, as Kher explains, the money helps refugees to help themselves. For example, a cup of 734 coffee can also buy one fishing net (网) for a refugee. They can fish for themselves. Kher sells the coffee online and to coffee stores. Megan Murphy owns a coffee store in Washington, D.C. She serves 734 coffee in her store and people love it. The coffee tastes delicious, so it’s a win-win on both sides. We can infer from the passage that _. A. Kher sells his coffee both online and to coffee stores B. you’re helping the refugees when enjoying 734 coffee C. coffee from Megan Murphy’s store tastes delicious D. Megan Murphy is one of the refugees in Gambella 策略运用: Step 1:通读文章,理解文章大意。本文讲述了曾经是难民的Kher在美国开了一家叫734的咖啡公司,并捐赠其中80%的利润帮助难民的故事。 Step 2:细读四个选项。A选项是Kher在网上卖咖啡,也卖咖啡给咖啡店。B选项是是你享受734咖啡时也在帮助难民。C选项是Megan Murphy店里的咖啡很好喝。D选项是Megan Murphy是Gambella的难民之一。 Step 3:返回文中,搜索选项对应信息,并进行推断,逐个排除“魏蜀吴”选项。A选项出现在文章最后一段第一句话,是属于原文的信息(“蜀”),故排除。与B选项相关的信息为第四段第一句“Eighty percent of the money made by the coffee company is used to send more of the children to school”,可推断出B正确。C选项在文章最后一段出现,是原文的信息(“蜀”),故排除。与D选项相关的信息在文章最后一段,可知Megan是咖啡店老板,不是难民,D选项是未正确理解文中信息(“未”),排除。故选B。 【语气态度题】 一、语气态度题目常用设问方式。 (1) The passage is written in a(an) _ tone. (2) The tone of the passage is _. 二、语气态度题解题策略。 Step 1:读全文,理解文章大意,对作者的态度有基本判断(正面?负面?中立?)。 Step 2:细读四个选项,清楚了解每个选项的含义。 Step 3:返回文中,找到表达作者感情色彩或观点态度的关键词。 三、注意事项。 1、做题时,可根据不同文体进行判断,如: (1)记叙文,需重点关注含有作者感情色彩的句子或词语(一般为形容词或副词); (2)说明文,需重点关注作者对于说明对象的态度(肯定?中立?否定?); (3)议论文,需重点关注作者对于论点是持支持、中立或是否定态度。 2、选项中考察频率较高的词汇有: positive 肯定的,积极的;negative 否定的,消极的;optimistic 乐观的;confident 自信的;interested 感兴趣的;angry 生气的;crazy 疯狂的;humorous 幽默的;sad 悲伤的;proud 骄傲的;worried 担心的; respectful 尊敬的;critical 批评的;doubtful 怀疑的;objective 客观的;serious 严肃的 …… 四、例题分析。 例1: Fights at school sometimes happen. But how can you keep away from a fight? Here’s something you can do. Be calm. Sometimes, you feel so angry that you really want to teach somebody a lesson. But being angry can’t solve problems. Neither can a fight. Instead, it may bring you more problems. In the school, everyone involved (卷入) in a fight will be punished, no matter who started it. There are no winners in a fight. Shout loudly. If you know someone is coming up behind you to attack, turn toward the person with your hands up in front of your body and loudly say “stop” before walking away. Loud voice can usually make the attacker calm down. If the person doesn’t stop, cry for help by calling out the name of a teacher whose office is nearby. Learn to refuse. Your friend may ask you to join in a fight. Learn to say no. Helping him fight is not really helpful to him. If you really want to give him a hand, try to ask him to give it up. Also, you can tell him if he gets involved a fight, he may get hurt and be punished. Then, try to learn why he wants a fight and help him find a right way to deal with the problem. The passage is written in a/an _ tone (语气). A. sad B. angry C. serious D. crazy 策略运用: Step 1:读文章,明大意。本文就如何避免打架为学生提供了三点建议。 Step 2:细读四个选项。A选项表示难过的,B选项表示生气的,C选项表示严肃的,D选项表示疯狂的。 Step 3:作者在本文中通过三个祈使句:Be calm, Shout loudly和Learn to refuse,以及运用举例子、打比方等说明方法,为学生提供建议,由此可推知,作者的语气是严肃的。 例2: Traditional Chinese culture is catching the world’s eye. The good traditional Chinese culture is our great treasure. President Xi Jingping says we should have a high of cultural confidence. There are so many great works in the course of Chinese history. Xi Jingping and other leaders often borrow some wonderful sentences from them. Dao De Jing is one of them. It is widely believed that Lao Zi, a famous Chinese philosopher and the founder of Taoism, was the writer of Dao De Jing. There are only 5,000 characters in the book, but it is considered as one of the oldest and most important philosophy books of ancient China. It includes two parts, Dao and De. Dao means “the Way”. It acts through naturalness and non-action. Naturalness refers to a natural state of being, an attitude of following the way of nature. Lao Zi thinks that everything in the world has its own way of being and developing: birds fly in the sky, fish swim in the water, flowers bloom and flowers fall. He gives advice to the people who have strong feelings to control the world. He says they should give up the desires. Non-action (无为) does not mean that one should do nothing but passively wait for something to be achieved. What he means is that human should follow the way of nature and try not to break the rule of nature. De means “Virtue (德行)”. Lao Zi thinks the great virtue is like water. And he thinks nothing in the world is weaker than water, yet nothing is stronger than water when it comes to breaking something strong. Water is a typical example of the weak winning over the strong. Of course, there are many other wonderful things we can learn from the book. Today, Dao De Jing still plays a role in the development of Chinese thinking. More and more people around the world are becoming interested in it. The tone of the passage is _. A. sad B. humorous C. proud D. worried 策略运用: Step 1:读文章,明大意。本文主要介绍了中国传统著作《道德经》的主要内容及其影响。 Step 2:细读四个选项。A选项表示难过的,B选项表示幽默的,C选项表示骄傲的,D选项表示担心的。 Step 3:找关键词句。根据文章最后一段“…many other wonderful things …”, “ … plays a role in the development of …”, “ More and more people around the world …”可以推知作者是怀有一种自豪感写的这篇文章。 【插入句子题】 一、插入句子题目常用设问方式。 (1) Which can be the best sentence to put in the blank? (2) Which of the following sentences can be filled in the blank? (3) Which of the following is the best to fill in “_”? (4) Which of the following is the best missing part in the last paragraph? 二、插入句子题解题策略。 Step 1:结构突破法。首先,要观察空格处的结构位置,如空缺句位于段首,可能缺概括句;若位于段尾,可能是在总结前文或展望未来;若处于段中,可能是特殊的比较句或者平行句。 Step 2:关键词突破法。通过对文章结构大致了解后,关注空缺句前文和后文以及选项中的的关键词。关键词包括代词、连接词、复现词等。根据这些关键词,我们可以快速锁定正确的句子插入到原文中。 1、复现词,同义词或上下义词。这类词的出现可以让考生快速定位,但也容易出现陷阱。若看到这类词,要将选项中的句子代入原文,看看是否上下衔接连贯。 2、代词。 在原文空缺处的上下句,或者选项中可能会出现代词,代替前面出现过的事物或者一句话。代词的出现需要考生代入原文进行比对,是否意思一致。阅读中常出现的代词有this, that, another, such, other, it, them等。 3、连接词。英语表达句子与句子之间的逻辑关系通常会用到连接词,考生除了了解连接词的意思,还要确认两个句子是否存在相应的逻辑关系。常见的连接词有表转折,因果,顺序,递进,举例解释等。 (1)转折关系的连接词:but, yet, however, whereas, while, on the other hand (2)因果关系的连接词:because, for, since, as, so, therefore, as a result (3)顺序关系的连接词:firstly, then, next, later, thirdly, finally (4)递进关系的连接词:moreover, also, furthermore, as well as, besides (5)举例关系的连接词: for example, such as, like (6)解释关系的连接词:that is, in other words Step 3:逻辑排除法 在进行关键词的比对后,通过合理的逻辑关系对错误句子进行排除,锁定基本正确的句子,再将其代入原文中,以确保插入句子后,该句子在逻辑上能完美衔接前文和后文,最终确定正确答案。 三、注意事项。 1. 这种题型难度较大,多出现在段首,也会出现在段中或者段末。这类题型重点考察考生对原文中的上下语境和句子之间关系的把握。因此,解决这种题型的关键在于弄清句子与句子之间的关联方法。句子之间的关联主要分为语义上的关联(复现词,同义词,上下义词)和形式上的关联(主要为连接词和代词)。 2. 在解题时,要注意中英文的表达特点:(1)中文的语言相对抽象,倾向于含蓄的表达;而英文则习惯开门见山,单刀直入。(2)句子和句子之间,中文多依靠上下文彼此意思的关系,而英文多使用逻辑连接词。 四、例题分析。 例1: Fights at school sometimes happen. But how can you keep away from a fight? Here's something you can do. Be calm(冷静). Sometimes, you feel so angry that you really want to teach somebody a lesson. But being angry can’t solve problems. Neither a fight. Instead, it may bring you more problems. In the school, everyone involved(卷入) in a fight will be punished, no matter who started it. There are no winners in a fight. Shout loudly. If you know someone is coming up behind you to attack, turn toward the person with your hands up in front of your body and loudly say “stop” before walking away. Loud voice can usually make the attacker calm down. If the person doesn't stop, cry for help by calling out the name of a teacher whose office is nearby. _. Your friend may ask you to join in a fight. Learn to say no. Helping him fight is not really helpful to him. If you really want to give him a hand, try to ask him to give it up. Also, you can tell him if he gets involved in a fight, he may get hurt and be punished. Then, try to learn why he wants a fight and help him find a right way to deal with the problem. Which of the following sentences can be put in the _? A. Face bravely. B. Join in a fight. C. Learn to refuse. D. Talk to someone. 策略运用: 本句空缺句的位置出现在最后一段段首,可能为本段概括性的语句。统观全文,第一段明显是引入段,第二段和第三段分别都在讲可以远离争论的方式,且这两段的第一句都为简短的概括句,可概括该段。再读第四段,仍然在讲述远离争论的方式,且所给出的选项均与二三段的第一句相同,为简短的概括句。 然后阅读空缺句后面的内容,通过关键句“Your friend may ask you to join in a fight. Learn to say no”可知,本段所讲述的方式是要学会拒绝不合理的要求,C选项符合。 最后通过观察所给出的四个选项,用排除法可以确定,C选项是最佳答案。 例2: Alexa isn’t the only AI willing to serve you. Apple Homepod has Siri, Google Home has its Assistant, and the upcoming Galaxy Home device will have Bixby. People who have these devices use them mainly for listening to music, checking the weather, and setting timers. According to a report from The Information, nowadays voice shopping is rare. But many scientists predict a boom in voice shopping in the near future. Is that a good thing? _. You can shout out an order as soon as you think of it, even if you are cooking, cleaning, or driving. In addition, people with disabilities who are unable to use a keyboard or mouse can shop without any help. But voice shopping has its disadvantages…… Which of the following is the best to fill in the “_” in Paragraph 3? A. Convenience is the main advantage of voice shopping B. The cost of voice shipping is lower than other ways C. The popularity of voice shopping is increasing D. The technology of voice shopping needs improving 策略运用: 首先,空缺句出现的位置是在段首,因此可推测需要一个具有概括性的语句。然后,看空缺句需要概括的后文,提到“不管什么时候,煮饭也好,驾驶也好,只要想到说出来,就可以下单,连残疾人也可以用”,讲到了它的便利优势。从ABCD四个选项中可以分别提取四个关键词“便利”“费用”“流行性”“技术”,此处A选项与后文是一致的,可基本确定为A。 另外,看空缺句的前文,提到“科学家认为语音购物将来会流行,是一件好事吗”,抛出了一个问题;以及下一段提到但是它有劣势,正好和A选项的便利性优势形成对比。 因此,最终排除BCD选项,得出正确答案为A。 例3: Former British Prime Minister Winston Churchill once said, “The British are different from others. They are the only people who like to talk about bad things in life.” This is totally true of British comedy. Most people think humor is about happy things, but for us, British people,the opposite is true.We love to use our sad sense of humor to complain and be negative(消极的). British comedy, for example, draws a thin line between comedy and tragedy. BBC’s The Office is a TV show, famous for its dry humor. The main character, David Brent, is a foolish man, and the show’s comedy comes from his delusions. For example, he often tells himself that he is loved by everyone but the audience can see that everyone hates him.  Stupid characters for the audience to laugh at are an old tradition in Britain. In Shakespeare’s play Twelfth Night, the character Malvolio is an old man whom people play tricks on. The audience will laugh away, although the fact is that this man is a truly tragic person. The side of British humor is reflected in friendships as well. At university, my friends and I always laugh at one another. I had an American friend who thought this would make us quite upset. She didn’t realize that in Britain, the better friends you are with someone, the more you laugh at them.  Our special humor-we laugh at everything-may sound rather strange, but it played a big part in British history. In World War  , along with the ability to stay calm, the British got through it by laughing. What else was there to do?  There is a saying in English, “Laugh and the world laughs with you;cry and you cry alone.” If you receive such British humor, you may feel like crying. _! Which of the following sentences can be put in the _? A. Just cry and don’t care about others B. But it’s best to laugh it off C. Just calm down and learn from it D. But be careful not to be noticed 策略运用: 本空缺句的位置出现在文末,因此本句可能会总结整篇文章所提到的内容。本空缺句的前一句话的意思是“有一句英国的谚语:你笑世界陪你笑,你哭就独自去哭。如果你接收到这样的英式幽默,你可能会想哭……”,说明本句缺失的内容是对收到英式幽默的处理方式。回到原文借助主题句Topic sentence提取本文大意,第三段“英国传统喜欢嘲笑愚蠢的角色”,第四段“越好的朋友越喜欢嘲笑对方”,第五段“我们就是喜欢嘲笑一切事物”,原文不断复现关键词“laugh”,作者不断地在强调英国的文化传统就是对任何事都要一笑而过,说明这才是作者认为的正确处理方式。综合选项运用排除法可知,B选项为最佳答案。 【主旨大意题】 一、主旨大意题目常用设问方式。 1、概括段落、篇章类。 (1) What does the paragraph/passage mainly talk about? (2) What's the main idea/subject/topic of this passage/paragraph? (3) The passage mainly tells us ... (4) The author is mainly concerned with... 2、选择最佳标题类。 (1) The best title of the passage might be ... (2) What's the best title of the passage? 3、体现文章意图类。 (1) What's the purpose of the passage? (2) What does the writer want to tell us? (3) The author’s main purpose is to _. (4) The passage is written to . 二、主旨大意题目解题策略。 Step 1:仔细阅读认真理解。 含有主旨大意题的文章,建议使用以下阅读步骤: (1) 在没有看题目的情况下,认真通读文章。 (2)仔细阅读4个问题,充分了解问题意图后,带着问题再读文章,并开始做题。 (3)通常文章的中心思想贯穿全文,建议最后做主旨大意题,因为做完其他题目后, 自然就会对文章主旨有一定的把握。 Step 2:分析文章和选项。 在解答主旨大意这种题型的时候,首先要注意三个地方:标题(如果有的话)、第一自然段,最后一段。这三个地方都会给出文章大意。其次,要多关注文章中的重点词 —— 反复出现的词或与主题有关的词。 学生们还必须要掌握排除法。一般来说,此类选择题的干扰项有以下特点: (1) 主观臆测,并非作者的观点。 (2) 看似正确,但文中找不到出处。 (3) 范围过大,过于笼统。 (4) 范围过小,不能代表全文。 在解答标题选择这种题型时,标题可以是单词、短语,也可以是句子。首先,要考虑标题对文章的覆盖程度,要能体现文章主旨。其次,要考虑标题的范围是否恰当,仔细考虑所选标题与文章主题是否有密切的关系,不能太大,也不能太小。最后,要注意标题要醒目。 三、例题分析。 例1: Imagine a world with no more wild animals: no elephants, no tigers or lions. To some people, that thought is too terrible for words. So they are doing something about it. Tiffany Soechting is one of them. Being among wild animals—feeding them and caring for them—is all Tiffany Soechting has wanted to do with her life. And that is exactly what she does! Soechting is the human “mother” to the 500 animals that live on her family wildlife farm in San Antonio, Texas. On the farm, she cares for animals from around the world. Soechting says she loves them all. However, two reticulated giraffes(网纹长颈鹿)take up a special place in her heart. Their population in the wild has become smaller by 80% in the last 15 years. “I'm so glad to get help from five wildlife researchers that took giraffes up to a higher level. All our hard work helps protect giraffes living in the wild.” Besides her animal caring, Soechting also holds monthly classes, where she teaches school children about the animals. Soechting also opens the farm to the public. Visitors not only learn about the animals, they can also get close to them. And the animals are not against that. For them, people are part of their natural environment. The farm is part conservation(保护) area, part educational center and part animal park. As the animals walk peacefully around the grounds, it is easy for them to forget that San Antonio, a busy city, is just a few minutes away. The best title of the passage may be “_”. A. How to Save Wild Animals B. Soeching and Her Wild Animals C. Two Reticulated Giraffes D. A World Without Wild Animals 策略运用: 正确选项为B。本题属于标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了文章主人公Soechting如何保护动物,故B项作为文章的标题最为合适。A 选项干扰性很大。问题在于A选项表述的是“保护野生动物”这个比较的大的话题。不能有效的概括和体现本文Soechting 这个主人公保护野生动物的事迹。C选项是文章细节,不能统帅全文。D选项不是文章谈论的内容。 例2: Every day there is less and less space on Earth for rubbish. Yet every day we make more and more rubbish. What can we do? We can recycle some of our rubbish. Recycling means that the rubbish will be made into something that can be used again. Recycling helps Earth. And it saves space in rubbish dumps. Half of everything that we put into landfills could be recycled instead. In fact, most things made of paper, metal, glass and plastic can be recycled. Paper can be broken into small pieces and made into new paper. Steel and aluminum cans(金属雄)can be melted down(熔化)and made into new cans. The same is true of glass bottles. This can be done over and over again. Recycling doesn't take as much energy as making these things the first time. So we can use less of Earth's fuel resources. Plastic can be melted down, too. Then it can be formed into park benches, playgrounds and so on. Some people call plastic the "wood" of the future. Things made of plastic will last about 400 years-even if they stay outside in the weather. No wood can do that! What is the main idea of the passage? A. Cans should be melted down. B. Old newspapers can be reused. C. We can build benches that last 400 years. D. We should recycle everything that we can. 策略运用: 正确选项为D。本题属于主旨大意题。作者主要是呼吁人们进行垃圾回收,减少垃圾所占人类生活空间,并且举例说明一些垃圾可以怎么样被回收利用。A、B选项是文中细节,不能用于概括统帅全文。C选项文中未提及。 【文章结构题】 一、文章结构题常用设问方式。 (1) The structure of the passage may be _. (2) Mind-map _ shows the right structure of the passage. (3) If we put the passage into three parts, which of the following is the best? (4) Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? 二、文章结构题解题策略。 Step 1:读全文,明大意,理脉络。 Step 2:找段落的中心词/句,了解段落大意。 Step 3:将表达相近意思的段落放在一起,进行结构划分。 三、注意事项。 1、文章中的转折词和连接词等能够帮助划分段落结构,如: 转折词however, but等可以将前后两段区分为两部分; 出现 also, in addition to, besides, another等词,前后两段一般可划在一起。 2、做题时可以先借助选项,将部分段落放在一起。 3、善于利用排除法,先排除明显错误的选项。 4、不同的文体有不同的行文特点,例如: (1)记叙文中,可参照“开头 – 发展 – 结尾”来划分; (2)说明文中,可参照“提出问题 – 问题的缘由 – 问题的解决措施”来划分; (3)议论文中,可参照“提出论点 – 进行论证 – 总结观点”来划分。 同学们在平时的阅读训练中,多分析留意不同文体的行文特点,对于这类题型的解答很有帮助。当然,还是要根据具体文章来进行分析,不可一概而论。 四、例题分析。 例1: Imagine a world with no more animals: no elephants, no tigers or lions. To some people, that thought is too terrible for words. So they are doing something about it. Tiffany Soechting is one of them. Being among wild animals, feeding them and caring for them is all Tiffany Soechting has wanted to do with her life. And that is exactly what she does! Soechting is the human “mother” to the 500 animals that live on her family wildlife farm in San Antonio, Texas. On the farm, she cares for animals from around the world. Soechting says she loves them all. However, two reticulated giraffes (网纹长颈鹿) take up a special place in her heart. Their population in the wild has become smaller by 80% in the last 15 years. “I’m so glad to get help from five wildlife researchers that took giraffes up to a higher level. All our hard work helps protect giraffes living in the wild.” Besides her animal caring, Soechting also holds monthly classes, where she teaches school children about the animals. Soechting also opens the farm to the public. Visiotors not only learn about the animals, they can also get close to them. And the animals are not against that. For them, people are part of their natural environment. The farm is part conservation (保护) area, part educational center and part animal park. As the animals walk peacefully around the grounds, it is easy for them to forget that San Antonio, a busy city, is just a few minutes away. The structure of the passage may be _. 策略运用: Step 1:读全文,明大意。文章主要讲述了Tiffany Soechting致力于保护野生动物的故事。 Step 2:定位关键连接词:besides (第四段)和also (第五段)。通过这两个词,再结合段意,第三段在讲她照顾动物;第四段在讲她举办讲座;第五段在讲她向公众开放农场,可以得知三、四、五段应放在一起,讲的是Tiffany Soechting所作的工作。如此,答案明显就为D。本文一、二段说的是有人喜欢照顾动物,而Tiffany Soechting就是其中之一;第六段说的是农场的作用和用途。 例2: Isn’t spring a beautiful season? Flowers of all colors and shapes can be seen everywhere. They make our world look and smell better. So. it is no surprise that people love flowers! Well … except for one – dandelions (蒲公英)! In order to have a tidy garden, we try our best to kill all dandelions or dig them out – only to see these unwanted plants grow right back. But that’s not bad because we have good reasons to leave them alone. In fact, a 2014 study lists dandelions as one of the top 41 healthiest foods. Dandelions are full of vitamins K, A, E, and C. They have long been used as medicine. Another great thing about dandelions is that you can eat every part of them, either cooked or uncooked. You can also put the flowers or roots in hot water to make dandelion tea. Great! Nothing goes to waste! Besides, dandelions are fun for kids! Pick the white top, close your eyes, make a wish and blow! If you blow all of it off in one breath, your wish will come true! This game is played all over the world. Still unwanted plants? Of course not! Dandelions are good for human health as well as our kitchen. They also provide kids with free toys! So, next time when you are blowing them, blow harder – you’re helping this great plant grow in the wild, even if your own wish does not come true! If we put the passage into three parts, which of the following is the best? A. ①②;③④⑤;⑥ B. ①②;③④;⑤⑥ C. ①②③;④⑤;⑥ D. ①;②③;④⑤⑥ 策略运用: Step 1:读全文,明大意。文章主要介绍了蒲公英给人们带来的一些好处,并号召人们正确认识蒲公英。 Step 2:定位关键连接词:another(第四段)和besides (第五段)。通过这两个词,再结合段意,三、四、五段都在介绍蒲公英的一些好处,应该放在一起,这样就可以直接选出A。前两段介绍了人们对于蒲公英的误解,最后一段总结全文,进行号召。 【判断体裁与出处题】 一、文体剖析。 1、图表类:多以图表为框架,并配有精简的文字说明。 常见的有:diagram(数据图), map(地图), timetable(时间表),notice(告示), poster(海报), invitation(邀请函),menu(菜单),advertisement(广告)等。 选一选:A. advertisement B. timetable C. menu D. notice E. invitation ①_ ②_ 8:00-10:00 am Technology In this lesson, students learn how to surf the Internet safely and effectively. 10:00-11:00 am Drama During this lesson, students will have the chance to act out roles with other students. ③_ ④ _ We offer Chinese classes In Seoul!Welcome to Izzie’s Birthday Party Time: 17:00-21:00, July 16th Address: No. 211 Center Street Phone number: 92836555 Hope you can come and I’m sure we are going to have great fun! First center in Asia Opened in December, 2004 Recent activities: Chinese cooking & tea Price: $100/ 5 days Tel: 00822-733-8307 Email: cccsel@culturalink.gov.cn ⑤_ 答案:①C ②B ③A ④E ⑤D 2、文字类:多以文字说明为主。 (1) Letter(信件)。有特定的格式,开头写明收信人,末尾写信人落款,首尾常为问候与寒暄。E-mail(电子邮件)与letter相似,还会显示收件人和寄件人的电子邮箱,如:learn_English@cqfls.com。 (2) Story故事。可以是单纯的记叙,也可抒发感情或讲述道理。常见内容为时间、地点、人物,事情的起因、经过、结果。 (3) Diary日记。记录某一时间段发生的事或感受,常标明写作日期。 (4) Note笔记,随笔。常记录要点、事件或感悟。 (5) News新闻。可以是详细的新闻报导,也可以是新闻简讯,旨在及时报道新近的、有价值的事实,有一定的时效性。 (6) Poem 诗词歌赋。有明显的结构和韵律,常分小节,对仗工整,各小节结构相似。 (7) Advice建议、指南。告知如何操作,如何解决问题。 (8) Report报告。多在进行中和完成后汇报基本情况,进行归纳概括,总结经验教训。常见的有读书报告,学业报告,研究调查报告等。 注意:图表类和文字类的界限并不绝对,不能只通过有无图表来判断文体。 二、考查方式。 1、对体裁提问。 (1)常见设问方式。 1. The material is probably _. A. a notice B. a poem C. a map D. a diary 2. This passage is most probably _. A. a piece of news B. a piece of advice C. a story D. a letter 3. What kind of writing is the text? A. An email. B. A diary. C. A note. D. A poster. 4. The readers share their ideas by writing a(n) _. A. e-mail B. poem C. note D. report 这种提问方式直截了当,只要掌握前文总结的“文体剖析”,我相信你一定可以选对! (2)解题步骤: Step 1:把握文章主题。 Step 2:了解文章写作目的。 Step 3:找到文体标志(关键词、结构、图示等)。 Step 4:排除错误选项。 2、对类别和出处提问。 (1)常见设问方式 1. Where do you think this passage may come from? A. A travel guide. B. A sports report. C. A story book. D. A history magazine. 2. From which is the text taken? A. A travel guide. B. A biology textbook. C. A cooking instruction. D. A science magazine. 3. In which section of the newspaper would you probably read this article? A. Environment. B. Local News. C. Education. D. Fashion. 4. You can see the posters on the _. A. desk B. blackboard C. wall D. playground 这类题目主要问两种问题,①文章来自哪类文献或资料,②文章出现在什么场合或地点。 (2)解题步骤: Step 1:把握文章主题。 Step 2:把握所表现的主题语境。 Step 3:锁定答案。 三、例题分析。 1、对体裁提问。 例1: More than 330 million visitors are expected to take part in the 19th National Science and Technology Week in China from May 19 to 26. During the science week, open days will be held to let people experience how science and technology have improved our lives. Around 50,000 scientists will enter schools and villages to educate and work together with local people. The science week this year is a big one because it will show China’s recent scientific achievements. And this year China will celebrate its 70th birthday. It’s an important year for the purpose of building a well-off society(小康社会) by 2020. Since there