Unit 2 单词讲解+单元复习资料 2024-2025学年人教版八年级英语上册

Unit 2 How often do you exercise? 单元主题:谈论做各种活动的频率 help with housework帮忙做家务 go to the movies看电影 draw pictures 画画 use the Internet上网 surf the internet 上网 go online上网 take/have dance lessons上舞蹈课 go camping露营 play sports做运动 play computer games玩电子游戏 exercise=do/take exercise做锻炼 shop=go shopping=do some shopping 购物 healthy habits健康习惯 eating habits 饮食习惯 go to the dentist去看牙医 eat hamburgers 吃汉堡 stay up late熬夜 drink water/tea/milk/coffee/juice喝水、喝茶、喝牛奶、喝咖啡、喝果汁 watch TV for over 2 hours a day一天看电视超过两个小时 do teeth cleaning 作牙齿清洁 keep healthy=stay healthy 保持健康 keep/be in good health 保持健康 其他短语:the same as 与什么相同 be different from 不同 once a month一月一次 twice a week一周两次 most of the students=most students be good for 对......有益 be bad for 对......有害 get good grades 取得好成绩 【重点语法】 1、 本单元标题为How often do you exercise?,主要讨论进行各种活动的频率。 2、 询问多久一次:how often 对于how often的回答有两种方式:用频度副词或用表示频度的短语。 如:How often do you exercise? I usually exercise every day. 如:How often do you exercise? I usually exercise three times a week. ①频率副词: always总是,usually通常, often常常, sometimes有事,hardly ever几乎不, never绝不、从不 频率副词在句中通常放在实义动词之前, be动词、情态动词或助动词之后。常用于一般现在时态中,表示动作发生的习惯性经常性。 ②表示频度的短语:once a week 一周一次 twice a week 一周两次 three times a week一周三次 four times a month 一月四次 ...... 2.“次数”的表达方法 一次 once, 两次twice,三次或三次以上:基数词+ times, 如:three times, five times, 3. 常见的how疑问词: 1)How soon 多久(以后),常与一般将来时连用。 —How soon will he come back? 他多久能回来?—He will come back in a month. 一个月后。 2)how long “多久,多长时间”,对一段时间提问。 —How long did it take you to clean the house? 你打扫房子用了多久?- An hour. 一个小时。 3) How many+名复,“多少”,询问数量: 如:How many students are there in your class?你班里有多少学生? 4) How much+不可名,“多少”,询问数量: 如:How much money do you have?你有多少钱? (how much 还可问价格,意为“多少钱”):How much is this pen?这只钢笔多少钱? 5)How far “多远”,对距离提问。How far is it from your home to school?你家到学校多远? 6)How old “多大”,对年龄提问:How old are you? 你多大年纪? 单词详解: 1.maybe / may be maybe 是副词,意为“大概, 可能,或许”,一般用于句首。 may be是情态动词,意为“可能是...,也许是...,大概是...”. The baby is crying. Maybe she is hungry. = She may be hungry. 这个宝宝正在哭。可能他饿了吧。 The woman may be a teacher.= Maybe the woman is a teacher. 这个女士可能是个老师吧。 2. hard / hardly ①hard作形容词,意为“困难的,艰苦的,硬的”;作副词,意为“努力地,刻苦地,猛烈地”。 如: It’s a hard stone. 它是颗坚硬的石头。 She always works hard. 她总是努力工作。 Look!It’s raining hard outside.看,外面雨下得很猛烈。 ②hardly为副词,意为“几乎不”(表示否定含义)。 I can hardly speak English. 我几乎不会说英语。 ③hardly ever为频度副词,意为“几乎从不”,表示一段时间内动作发生次数很少。 He hardly ever does his homework. 他几乎不做他的家庭作业。 3. As for homework, most students do homework every day . as for...意思是“至于;关于”,+名词、代词或动词的-ing形式(即动名词)。 如:As for him,I never want to see him here. 至于他,我永远不希望在这里见到。 As for the story,you'd better not believe it. 关于那故事,你最好不要相信。 4. That sounds interesting. 这是“主语+系动词+表语”结构的简单句。 sound(听起来),look(看起来),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),feel(觉得),seem(好像),grow(变得),get(变得)等词在英语中可用作系动词,后跟形容词作表语。 如:It tastes good. 这味道好。 That sounds great. 那听起来很不错。 5. percent 名词,意为“百分之……” 百分数的表示方法:基数词+ percent (不用复数形式),percent of的结构作主语时,谓语动词的数要根据of后面的名词来确定。对percent前面的基数词提问时用疑问词what。 50%:fifty percent 百分之五十 Fifty percent of the apples are bad. 50%的苹果都坏了。 Twenty percent of the meat is in the fridge. 20%的肉都在冰箱。 What percent of the students exercise every day? 百分之几的学生每天锻炼? 6. not… at all 意为“一点也不”,not应放在be动词、情态动词或助动词之后,at all放句末。 The story isn’t interesting at all. 那个故事一点也没有趣。 The old man can’t use the computer at all. 那个老人根本不会使用电脑。 I don’t like English at all. 我一点也不喜欢英语。 口语中Not at all. 的用法: (1)用来回答感谢,意为“不用谢;不客气”。 —Thank you very much. 多谢你了。 —Not at all. 不客气。 (2)用来回答道歉,意为“没关系”。 —Sorry, I'm late. 对不起,我迟到了。 —Oh, not at all. 噢,没关系。 (3)用来表示否定,意为“一点儿也不;完全不”。 —Is it difficult to study English? 英语难学吗? —Not at all. 一点儿不难。 7. It is +adj. to do sth. 做某事是……的。 It is interesting to play computer games. 玩电脑很有趣。 It is boring to watch the news. 看新闻很无聊。 8. take, spend, pay It takes sb. some time to do sth.意为“花费某人……时间来做某事”。(只能表示花费时间) 人(sb.) spend 时间/钱 on sth. “买某物花了……钱”。 人(sb.) spend 时间/钱 (in) doing“花费多少时间来做某事”。 pay 的主语必须是人,而“花钱买某物”为pay for sth;“花...钱来买某物”为pay+金额+for sth. 如:It takes me 5 minutes to go to school. 去学校花费了我5分钟。 I spent 5 dollars on this new watch.我花了5美元来买这只新手表。 I spent 5 dollars in buying this new watch. 我花了5美元来买这只新手表。 I usually spend half an hour doing my homework.我通常用半个小时来做家庭作业。 It’s not free. You have to pay for it. 这不是免费的,你需要付钱。 I usually pay 5 yuan for my breakfast. 我通常付5元钱买早餐。 9. however 副词,意为“然而,可是”,表示转折关系,可放在句首、句中、句末。 如:The weather is fine. However, I don’t want to go out.天气很好,可是我不想出去玩(首) =The weather is fine. I, however, don’t want to go out.(句中) =The weather is fine. I don’t want to go out , however.(句末) 10. help作动词时的用法: (1)help sb. with sth. = help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事 如:I often help my mom with housework. = I often help my mom (to) do housework. 我常帮我妈做家务。 (2)help oneself (to sth.) 随便吃(某物) 如:Help yourself to some fruit. 随便吃点儿水果。 (3)can’t / couldn’t help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事 如:She couldn’t help crying. 她情不自禁地哭了。 I can’t help eating when I see delicious food. 看到美味的食物,我情不自禁的吃了起来。 11. help 作名词:不可数名词 短语:ask for help 请求帮助 thank you for your help感谢你的帮助 12. exercise (1) n. 锻炼,为不可数名词。短语:do/take exercise 做锻炼 (2) n. 习题,为可数名词,复数:exercises 短语:do English exercises 做英语练习题 (3) n. 一套动作,要用复数形式exercises. 短语:do eye/morning exercises 做眼操/做早操 (4) vi. 锻炼 如:I exercise every day. 我每天锻炼。= I do/ take exercise every day. 13. sometimes有时 = at times 辨析:sometimes, some time, some times, sometime (1) sometimes 意为“有时”,是频度副词,表示表示动作发生的不经常性。 如:I sometimes stay up late. 我有时候会熬夜。 = Sometimes, I stay up late. = I stay up late, sometimes. (2) some time 意为“一段时间”。 如: I will stay here for some time. 我将在这儿待一段时间。 I need some time to do my homework. 我需要一些时间做家庭作业。 (3) sometime 意为“某个时间”,表示某个不确切的时间,常用于过去时或将来时。 如:I met him sometime before. 我之前某个时间遇到过他。 I will visit Beijing sometime next week. 下周某个时间我将会去游览北京。 (4) some times 意为“几次、数次”,这里的time是可数名词,表示次数。 如:I exercises some times a week. 我一周会锻炼几次。 14. at least 意为“至少,不少于;起码”,副词词组,指在数量或程度上。 (反义词:at most 至多,不超过) 如:I exercise at least 3 times a week. 我至少一周锻炼三次。 I exercises at most 3 times a week. 我最多一周锻炼三次。 I need at least 3 students to help me. 我需要至少3个学生来帮助我。 There are at least 50 students in the classroom. 教室里至少有50个学生。 He is at least 30 years old. 他至少有30岁。 15. more than 超过,多于(反义词:less than 不超过,少于) 如:There are more than 60 students in my class. 我班上有60多个人。 I usually spend more than 2 hours on housework. 我通常花2个多小时在家务上。 16. want vt. “想要” want sth. 想要某物: I want a new bike. 我想要一辆新的自行车。 want to do sth. 想要做某事: I want to buy a new bike. 我想要一辆新的自行车。 want sb to do sth. 想让某人做某事:I want you to buy me a new bike. 我想要你给我买辆新自行车。 17. be good for sb/sth 对某人/某物有好处(反义:be bad for 对......有害) be good at sth/ doing sth 擅长某事/做某事 be good with sb 善于应付某人,善于和某人打交道 be good to sb 对某人友善、友好 如:Exercise is good for our health. 锻炼对我们的健康有好处。 Watching too much TV is bad for our eyes. 看太多电视对我们眼睛有害。 He is good at English. 他擅长英语。 He is good at speaking English. 他擅长说英语。 He is good with old people. 他善于和老人相处。 He is always good to me. 他总是对我很友善。 18. full (1) adj. 饱的(反义词:hungry 饥饿的) 如:I’m full. No more food for me. 我饱了。别再给我更多食物了。 (2) adj. 忙碌的(同义词:busy 反义词:free 空闲的) 如:Next week is quite full for me. 下周我非常的忙碌。 (3) adj. 满的(反义词:empty 空的) 短语:be full of = be filled with 充满.....的 如:The bus is full of people. = The bus is filled with people. 公交车装满了人。 The cup is full of water. = The cup is filled with water. 杯子里装满了水。 19. How come? 怎么会呢?为什么呢?(既可独立使用,也可在其后接陈述句,用来询问事情的缘由或状况) 如:- Sorry, I am late. 对不起,我迟到了。 - How come? 怎么的呢? 或 - How come you are late? 怎么会迟到呢? 20. ask vt. 询问;请求、要求 短语搭配:ask a question 问一个问题 some questions 问一些问题 ask sb. some questions 询问某人一些问题 ask sb. about sth. 询问某人有关某事 ask for sth 请求某物 ask for a leave 请假 ask sb for sth 请求某人给予某物 ask sb to do sth 叫某人去做某事 ask sb not to do sth 叫某人不要去做某事 如:I have some questions to ask you. 我有些问题要问你。 He asked me some questions just now. 他刚才问了我一些问题。 I asked my teacher about today’s homework. 我问了我老师有关今天的家庭作业的事。 You can ask the police for help. 你可以向警察求助。 Can I ask for a leave? 我能请个假吗? My teachers ask me to go to school early. 我的老师们叫我早点去上学。 My teachers ask me not to go to school late. 我的老师们叫我不要上学迟到。 21. activity n. 活动(复数:activities) free time activities 空闲时间的活动 school activities 学校活动 class activities 课堂活动 after-class activities 课余活动 outdoor activities 户外活动 do some activities 做一些活动 22. Here are the results. 这就是(调查)结果。 该句是here引导的倒装句。如果主语是代词,谓语应在主语之后;如果主语是名词,谓语应置于其前。且谓语动词的数随着主语的人称和数的变化而变化。 如:Here she(代词)comes(第三人称单数). 她来了。 Here comes(第三人称单数)the bus(名词). 公交车来了。 Here are(复数)some bananas(名词). 这里有一些香蕉。 23. result n. 结果、后果(复数:results) 短语:the result of… ……的结果, of后常跟名词(短语) as a result 因此、结果 = so as a result of 因为、由于= because of 如:What's the result of your test? 你考试的结果怎么样? Do you know the result of the basketball game? 你知道那场篮球比赛结果吗? The weather was too bad, as a result I was late. 天气很糟糕,因此我迟到了。 I was late as the result of the bad weather. 我迟到了因为坏天气。 24. find - found vt. 发现、找到 短语:(1)find sb/ sth “找到某人/某物” 如:I can’t find my watch. Where is it? 我找不到我的手表了。它在哪里呢? Did the little boy find his parents? 那个小男孩找到他的父母了吗? (2)find that + 句子 “发现....” 如:I find that he is a smart boy. 我发现他是一个聪明的男孩。 I find that the book is interesting. 我发现那本书很有趣。 (3)find sb doing sth 发现某人正在做某事 如:I find him playing basketball now. 我发现他现在正在打篮球。 (4)find sb do sth 发现某人做了某事/经常发现某人做某事 如:I find him play basketball every day. 我每天都发现他在打篮球。 (5)find sb/sth + n./ adj. 发现某人某物是什么/怎么样 如:I find him a smart boy. 我发现他是个聪明的男孩。= I find the boy smart. I find the book interesting. 我发现这本书很有趣。= I find it an interesting book. (6)find it + adj + to do sth. 发现做某事是怎么样的 (it形式宾,to do 真正宾语) 如: I find it boring to watch the news. 我发现看新闻很无聊。 I find it enjoyable to visit Beijing. 我发现去游览北京很有乐趣。 I find it difficult to learn English. 我发现学习英语很难。 25. online (1) adj. 在线的、网上的 online shopping 网上购物 online shop 网店 如:He has an online shop. 他有一家网店。 I like online shopping. 我喜欢网上购物。 (2) adv. 在线地、在网上 go online 上网 be online 在线上 make friends online 网上交友 go shopping online 网上购物 study online 网上学习 如:We can study and go shopping online. We can do everything online. 我们可以在网上购物和学习。我们可以在网上做所有的事情。 Many students take online classes at home. 许多学生在家上网课。 26. surprised adj. 惊讶的,震惊的 be surprised at sth.“对……感到惊讶” be surprised to do sth.“做……而感到惊讶” be surprised + that从句,“因……而惊讶” 如:Are you surprised at the result? 你对这个结果感到惊讶吗? They were surprised to see him. 他们对见到他感到很惊讶。 I’m surprised that he comes here in time. 我吃惊的是他及时来这儿了。 辨析:surprised 和 surprising (1)surprised意为“感到吃惊的”,描述自身当下的感受。 例句:I was surprised when I heard the news.听到这个消息时,我感到惊讶。 (2)surprising意为“使人惊奇的”,修饰其他的人或物是令人吃惊的。 例句:The news was surprising. 这个消息令人吃惊。 词性变化:surprise n. 惊讶、惊喜、震惊 in surprise 惊讶地 get a big surprise 大吃一惊,得到一个大大的惊喜 to one’s surprise 让某人惊讶的是 如:I got a big surprise. He didn’t arrive late this morning. 我大吃一惊,他今天早上竟没迟到。 To my surprise, he didn’t arrive late this morning. 让我惊讶的是,他今天早上竟没迟到。 He looked at me in surprise. 他惊讶地看着我。 27. although conj. 尽管,虽然;即使(在句中引导让步状语从句) 注意:和although 意思相对应的词是but“但是”,但句中不能同时出现although和but, 只能有他们两其中的一个。 如:Although the weather is fine, I don’t want to go out. 尽管天气很好,但是我不想出去玩。 = I don’t want to go out although the weather is fine. (although引导的从句也可以放后面) = The weather is fine, but I don’t want to go out. 28. It’s +adj.+to do sth. 意为“做某事是……的”。 It’s +adj.+for sb. to do sth. 做某事对于某人来说是怎么样的(adj修饰的to do sth) It’s + adj + of sb to do sth. 做了某事,某人是怎么样的(adj.修饰的是sb.) 如:It’s dangerous to swim in the river. 在河里游泳很危险。 It’s important for you to learn English well. 对于你来说把英语学好很重要。(事情很重要) It’s kind of you to help me. 你能帮助我真是太好心了。(人是好心的) 29. 介词by: 介词by : (1) by+交通工具 “ 乘、骑、驾......” 如: I go to school by bus. 我坐公交车去上学。 (2) by+ 时间 “到......为止,在......之前” 如:We must finish the work by tomorrow. 我们必须在明天之前完成工作。 (3) by+ 地点 “ 在......的旁边” 如:We camped by the lake last night. 昨晚我们在湖边露了营。 I am drinking juice by the swimming pool. 我正在游泳池边喝果汁。 (4)by 表示通过某种方式、手段:by + n./ pron. / ving 短语:by oneself 独自 如:I go to school by myself. 我独自去上学。 I do homework by myself. 我独自做家庭作业。 I learn English by watching English movies. 我通过看英语电影来学习英语。 It was made by hand. 这是手工制作的。 You can answer him by mail. 你可以通过邮件回复他。 (5)by表示从....旁边经过。 He walked by me just now. 他刚才从我身边经过。 30. 介词through: 介词 through “凭借、以、穿过”: (1) 意为“凭借、以”(相当于by),表示通过某种方法、手段:后常接 n. / ving The best way to relax is through exercise. 最好的放松的方式就是通过锻炼。 You can learn English through watching English movies. 你可通过看英语电影来学习英语。 (2) through 穿过(表示从某一空间内部穿过、贯穿) over 越过(翻越障碍物,如翻过山头、翻墙等) across 横穿、横过(从物体表面穿过,从一边到另一边) by 经过(从旁边经过) 如:He jumped over the wall. 他跳过了墙。 The plane flew over the mountain just now. 飞机刚才飞越了那座山。 He walked through the forest. 他穿过了森林。 The train is running through the tunnel. 火车正在穿过隧道。 The students have to swim across the river to school.那些孩子必须横跨河流去上学。 Don’t walk across the road when the light is red. 红灯时,不要横穿马路。 He walks by my classroom every day. 他每天都会经过我的教室。 31. mind n. 心智、头脑 v. 介意;当心、注意 短语:mind map 思维导图 keep (sth) in mind 记在心里 change one’s mind 改变某人的想法 lose one’s mind 精神失常、失去理智 come to one’s mind 某人突然想到 open one’s mind 开阔某人的眼界、思维 make up one’s mind to do sth 下定决心做某事 mind (doing) sth 介意(做)某事 如:Do you mind closing the door? 你介意关上门吗? Do you mind scary movies? 你介意(看)恐怖片吗? Mind your head. 小心碰头。 Never mind. 没关系、不要紧。 Reading can open our mind. 阅读可以开阔我们的眼界。 Exercise is good for our body and mind. 锻炼有利于身心健康。 Mind maps are very useful. 思维导图非常有用。 We made up our mind to get to the top of the mountain. 我们下定了决心要到达山顶。 You must keep your mothers’ words in mind. 你必须把你妈妈的话记在心里。 Keep my phone number in mind and you can call me when you need help. Suddenly, a good idea came to my mind. 突然,我想到了一个好主意。 32. such as 例如,像……这样,表示列举= like。 (such as 后接n. / ving.) 如:She likes animals such as rabbits and birds. 她喜欢像兔子和鸟这样的动物。 I have many good friends, such as Tom, Bob and so on. 我有许多好朋友,比如说汤姆、鲍勃等。 I like many ball games, such as playing basketball, playing soccer and playing tennis. 我喜欢许多球类运动,比如像打篮球,踢足球和打网球。 33. die die vi. 死 ( 过去式:died 现在分词:dying) dead adj. 死亡的 dying adj. 垂死的 death n. 死亡(不可数名词) He died last year. 他去年死了。 The boy is dead. 这个男孩死了。 The boy is dying. 这个男孩就要死了。 I am afraid of death. 我害怕死亡。 34. almost adv. 几乎(修饰动词时,位置三后一前;也可放在everything, everyone, nothing, never等词前) 如:I almost forget his phone number. 我几乎不记得他的电话号码了。 There is almost nothing in the room. 房间里几乎没有东西。 Almost everyone knows the answers. 几乎所有人都知道答案。 I exercise almost every day. 我几乎每天都锻炼。 35. none pron. 没有一个,毫无 (1) 表示三者或三者以上的人或事物的全部否定,可用于回答how many 或how much 询问数量时的问句。 - How many people are there in the classroom? - None. - How much money do you have? - None. (2) none of + 可数名词复数,作主语时,谓语可单数、可复数; none of + 不可数名词,作主语时,谓语用单数。 如:None of us is/ are wrong. 我们没有人是错的。 None of us want/ wants to go there. 我们没有人想去那里。 None of the fruit is in the fridge. 冰箱里没有水果。 36. point (1) n. 点,分数(复数:points) 如:1.5 读作 one point five 100 points:100分 (2) vi. 指、指向 point at sb/ sth 指着某人、某物(指着这个物体) point to 指向(只是强调方向) point out 指出、指明(动副结构,人称代词作宾语放中间) 如:Don’t point at me. 别指着我。 The teacher points at the map and tells us where Beijing is. 老师指着地图告诉我们北京在哪里。 He pointed to the door. And we found a girl standing there.他指向门口,我们发现一女正站那儿。 She pointed out some problems. 她指出了一些问题。= She pointed some problems out. There were some problems. And she pointed them out. 这里有些问题,她把它们指出来了。 1 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$