精品解析：北京市第八十中学2024-2025学年高二上学期期中英语试卷

北京市第八十中学 2024~2025学年第一学期期中考试 高二英语 2024年11月 （考试时间 90 分钟 满分 100 分） 提示: 试卷答案请一律填涂或书写在答题卡上, 在试卷上作答无效。 在答题卡上, 选择题用 2B 铅笔作答, 其他试题用黑色签字笔作答。 第一部分: 知识运用（共三节, 30分） 第一节完型填空（共10小题, 每小题1.5分; 共15分） 阅读下面短文, 掌握其大意, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Labrador has been doing an important job to help people stay safe during the COVID-19 pandemic. Eight-year-old Roby runs through the streets of the hilly city of Medellin several times a day with a ___1___ in his jaws, taking vegetables, fruit and packaged foods to customers of the Fresh4U mini-market. “He helps us to maintain social distancing,” said Roby’ owner, Sherry Botero. “And people ___2___ it when we send the dog.” Roby enjoys eating carrots ___3___ to him by customers, a tip for bringing a basket of food. Roby wasn’t always a star. He was accepted into the family ___4___ by Ms Botero after repeated requests by her son to ___5___ a dog. But Ms Botero quickly ___6___ with the dog. And when she opened a mini-market four years ago, he started to accompany her to make deliveries. Roby can’t read ___7___. But he remembers the names of customers who have previously rewarded him with treats. And with some practice, he has learned to go to their houses on his own. “He knows the names of five or six of our customers,” Ms Botero said, “So I send the goods with a receipt in the basket, and my customers ___8___ me through a bank transfer(转账；转移).” Roby might not know that he’s become an ___9___ worker. But he is happy to help his owner and ___10___ his daily pay. 1. A. bag B. chain C. basket D. stick 2. A. respect B. love C. follow D. notice 3. A. gifted B. returned C. lent D. donated 4. A. intentionally B. regretfully C. immediately D. unwillingly 5. A. adopt B. train C. adore D. walk 6. A. got away B. kept in touch C. caught up D. fell in love 7. A. minds B. addresses C. numbers D. receipts 8. A. treat B. help C. pay D. impress 9. A. essential B. honest C. optimistic D. adventurous 10. A. spend B. calculate C. collect D. increase 第二节语法填空（共10小题, 每小题1.5分; 共15分） A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Today, there is a trend that the youngsters haven't enough sleep during the night. Lack of sleep among children and teenagers in China ___11___(get) worse in the past ten years, with more than 80 percent getting insufficient sleep on school days, a report ___12___(publish)on Monday said. Chinese youngsters slept an average of 7.8 hours a night on school days last year, 20 minutes___13___(little) than in 2009，according to the report from the Chinese Academy of Sciences 'Institute of Psychology. B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Based on AR and VR, the metaverse aims to bring people closer together in an online setting, enabling them to be connected in ways they couldn’t be before. Imagine ____14____ (attend) a meeting from the comfort of your couch, where you don’t dress up, but your avatar does. You ____15____ (seat) at a virtual table with other people whose reactions and body language can be judged just as well as they would be in real life. A metaverse could very likely bring these ____16____ (imagine) to reality, and soon. C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出 提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Everyone has a sense of humor, but it’s pretty evident that not everybody has a good sense of it. Psychologists are divided on ____17____ humor is inborn or learnable. However, there is one thing that ____18____ (accept) universally so far — the sense of humor is uniquely human. It is associated with laughter and laughter is associated with happiness and courage. These are qualities ____19____ (share) with other forms of life. But if happiness is one of the goals ____20____ (chase) in life, then it is the sense of humor that provides the key. 第二部分: 阅读理解（共两节, 38分） 第一节（共14小题; 每小题2分, 共28分） 阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Old and unrestored theatres are all around us and yet so unnoticed. A new photobook unveils their often overlooked beauty. Proctor’s Theatre, Newark, New Jersey Although available outdoors from street sellers, food was banned in theatres to display respectability. In the late 1920s, however, the operators in Proctor’s Theatre in Newark began to set up stands to improve the economic situation during the Great Depression. Popcorn and Coke would become a significant part of the theatre’s income. Proctor’s Theatre, Troy, New York Originally opened as Proctor’s Fourth Street Theatre in 1914, it hosted famous comedians such as Jack Benny and Bob Hope. From 1929, it was successively taken over, renamed as Proctor’s Troy Theatre and switched to screening films. In the 1960s, it began playing second-run films before closing in 1977. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in 1979. In 2010, the theatre was repaired but is currently not being used today. RKO Keith’s Flushing Theatre, New York Originally opened in 1928, RKO Keith’s Flushing Theatre was designed by Thomas Lamb. In 1982, it was listed on the NRHP. In 1986, the theatre was bought and closed by its new owner who planned to build a shopping centre on the site, intentionally damaging the hall. In 2019, despite the preservation efforts, the hall was knocked down to make way for a residential tower block. Metropolitan Opera House Philadelphia The theatre was originally opened as the Philadelphia Opera House in 1908. In the 1920s, it was renamed as the Metropolitan Opera House, showing silent films in addition to hosting various opera companies. In the 1940s, it became a sports arena. In 1954, it was turned into a church. In the late 1990s, the building was purchased by Mark Hatcher. The church and the developer came to an agreement on a repair for a music venue that was completed and reopened in 2018. 21. In the late 1920s, Proctor’s Theatre in Newark set up stands to ________. A. show respect for the guests B. increase the theatre’s income C. promote newly released movies D. compete with the street sellers 22. What can we know from the passage? A RKO Keith’s Flushing Theatre is well preserved. B. Proctor’s Theatre in Troy plays second-run films now. C. Metropolitan Opera House has witnessed changes in its function. D. Proctor’s Theatre in Newark has been officially listed on the NRHP. 23. What is the purpose of this passage? A. To rank the old and unrestored theatres. B. To show the development of American theatres. C. To encourage people to protect the old theatres. D. To provide information on overlooked old theatres. B Throughout my 41 years at General Electric, I’ve experienced a lot. In the media, I’ve gone from prince to pig and back again. And I’ve been called many things. In the early days, some called me a crazy, wild man. When I became CEO two decades ago, Wall Street asked, “Jack who?” When I tried to make GE more competitive by cutting back our workforce in the early 1980s, the media called me “Neutron Jack.” When they learned we were focused on values and culture at GE, people asked if “Jack has gone soft.” I’ve been No.1 or No. 2 Jack. Services Jack, Global Jack, and, in more recent years, Six Sigma Jack and e-Business Jack. When we made an effort to acquire Honeywell in October 2000, and I agreed to stay on through the transition (过渡期), some thought of me as the Long-in-the-Tooth Jack hanging on by his fingertips to his CEO job. Those characterizations said less about me and a lot more about the stage our company went through. Truth is, down deep, I’ve never really changed much from the boy my mother raised in Salem, Massachusetts. When I started on this journey in 1981 standing before Wall Street analysts for the first time at New York’s Pierre Hotel, I said I wanted GE to become “the most competitive enterprise on earth.” My objective was to put a small-company spirit in a big-company body, to build an organization out of an old-line industrial company that would be more high — spirited, more adaptable, and more flexible than companies that are one-fiftieth our size. I said then that I wanted to create a company “where people dare to try new things — where people know that only the limits of their creativity and drive, their own standards of personal excellence, will be the ceiling on how far and how fast they move.” I’ve put my mind, my heart, and my courage into that journey every day of the 40-plus years I’ve been lucky enough to be a part of GE. 24. According to the first two paragraphs. the author__________. A. had many ups and downs B. had a poor image in public C. became CEO of GE 41 years ago D. suffered from some mental illnesses 25. As the author sees it, the many nicknames of him indicate__________. A. the change of his character with the time B. the various opinions of different journalists C. his popularity among his friends and relatives D. his company’s different stages of development 26. What does the underlined word “journey” in the last paragraph probably mean? A. Taking GE to a new height. B. Travelling from home to office. C Seeking a higher position in GE. D. Growing from a baby into an adult. C Birds Can “Read” Human Gaze We all know that people sometimes change their behavior when someone is looking their way. Now, a new study reported online on April 2nd in Current Biology shows that jackdaws — birds related to crows with eyes that appear similar to human eyes — can do the same. “Jackdaws seem to recognize the eye’s role in visual perception, or at the very least they are extremely sensitive to the way that human eyes are oriented (朝向),” said Auguste von Bayern, formerly of the University of Cambridge and now at the University of Oxford. When presented with a preferred food, hand-raised jackdaws took significantly longer to get the reward when a person was directing his eyes towards the food than when he was looking away, according to the research team led by Nathan Emery of the University of Cambridge and Queen Mary University of London. The birds hesitated only when the person was unfamiliar and thus potentially threatening. In addition, the birds were able to interpret human communicative gestures, such as gaze alternation and pointing, to help them find hidden food, they found. The birds were unsuccessful in using unmoving cues, including eye gaze or head orientation. Unlike most birds, jackdaws’ eyes have a dark pupil surrounded by a silvery white iris. The researchers said they believe jackdaws are probably sensitive to human eyes because, as in humans, eyes are an important means of communication for them. The hand-raised birds examined in the study may be even better than wild jackdaws a attending to human gaze and responding to the gestures of the people who have raised them. The findings are particularly notable given that most other species investigated so far, including our closes relatives the chimpanzee and “man’s best friend,” the dog, are not particularly sensitive to eye orientation and eye gaze, von Bayern said. Rather, she continued, chimps and dogs seem to rely on other cues such as head or body orientation in determining the looking direction of others. The results suggest that birds may deserve more respect for their mental abilities. “We may have understated the psychological world of birds,” von Bayern said. “Jackdaws, among many other birds, form pair ties for life and need to have much in common and work together with their partner, which requires an efficient way of communicating and sensitivity to their partner’s viewpoint.” 27. A hand-raised jackdaw hesitates to take a preferred food when the feeder__________. A. is looking away from the food B. holds the food in his hand C. is looking at the food D. is unfamiliar to the bird 28. According to researchers, jackdaws can notice human eye orientation probably because_________. A. like humans, they also use eyes to communicate B. they are far more intelligent than other birds C. they are mostly hand-raised by humans D. their eyes also have a dark pupil 29. Why does the author refer to chimpanzees and dogs? A. To suggest that they are much better at interpreting gaze alternation. B. To reflect how unique jackdaws are in being able to notice gaze orientation. C. lo show that they communicate more frequently with humans than jackdaws. D. To make clear that they rely on other means in determining people’s intention. 30. What does the research finding suggest? A. Not all jackdaws are good at attending to human gaze. B. We may have understated jackdaws’ mental abilities. C. We know embarrassingly less about birds than we assume. D. The closer we communicate with animals, the better we understand them. D The Secret of Success The recipe for succeeding in any given field is hardly a mystery: good ideas, hard work, discipline, imagination, perseverance and maybe a little luck. Oh, and let’s not forget failure, which Dashun Wang and his colleagues at Northwestern University call “the essential prerequisite (先决条件) for success” in a new paper. But not every failure leads to success, he adds. And what eventually separates the winners from the losers, the research shows, certainly is not persistence. One of the more interesting findings in the paper, published last October in Nature, is that the people who eventually succeeded and the people who eventually failed tried basically the same number of times to achieve their goals. It turns out that trying again and again only works if you learn from your previous failures. The idea is to work smart, not hard. You have to figure out what worked and what didn’t, and then focus on what needs to be improved instead of struggling around and changing everything,” says Wang. “The people who failed didn’t necessarily work less than those who succeeded. They could actually have worked more: it’s just that they made more unnecessary changes.” As they explored “the mechanisms governing the dynamics of failure”, Wang’s team identified what they describe as previously unknown statistical signatures that separate successful groups from unsuccessful groups, making it possible to predict their final outcomes. One such key indicator is the time between consecutive (连续的) failed attempts, which should decrease steadily. In other words, the faster you fail, the better your chances of success, and the more time between attempts, the more likely you are to fail again. “If someone has applied for a grant and they are three failures in,” Wang says, “if we just look at the timing between the failures, we will be able to predict whether they will eventually succeed or not.” Working with such large-scale data, Wang and his colleagues were able to identify a critical point that was common to each of the hundreds of thousands of undertakings they had analyzed, a fork in the road where one path leads to a development region and one leads to a stagnation region. Wang points out that the existence of the tipping point cuts against the traditional explanations for failure or success, such as luck or a person’s work habits. “What we’ re showing here is that even in the absence of such differences, you can still have very different outcomes.” he says. What matters is how people fail, how they respond to failure and where those failures lead. 31. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that________. A. winners are more persistent than losers B. failure is not important for success at all C. more trying doesn’t necessarily result in success D. winners and losers differ in how many times they tried 32. Wang and his colleagues believe that________. A. no one can obtain success without failure B. failure can sometimes help predict success C. the performance pattern is difficult to identify D. the critical point had been discovered by chance 33. The underlined phrase “a stagnation region” in Paragraph 6 refers to a region________. A. without progress B. beyond recognition C. unknown to outsiders D. in its elementary stage 34. What is the conclusion of Wang’s research? A. Winners try less than losers. but gain more. B. Perseverance is the utmost secret to success. C. Working smart could turn failures into future successes. D. Luck and work habits hardly make any difference to the result. 第二节（共5小题; 每小题2分, 共10分） 根据短文内容, 从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空向处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余项。 Lifelong Musicians Have Better Hearing Playing a musical instrument throughout your life protects your hearing, a Canadian study suggests. The study, which was published in Psychology and Aging, carried out hearing tests on 74 adult musicians and 89 non-musicians. ___35___ Action on Hearing Loss said all people - including musicians - should try to prevent hearing damage.___36___ By sixty, 10-30% of people have moderate hearing loss. By eighty, that goes up to as many as 60%. Problems are particularly seen in the central auditory processing system, which is associated with understanding speech, especially when there is background noise. Then a research, by a team at the Rotman Research Institute in Toronto, looked at adults were affected as they aged. They chose both musicians and non-musicians from the age of 18 to 91 and divided them into different groups based on the age. Again musicians were significantly better at picking out speech against noise in all the age ranges. ___37___ Benjamin Zendel, who was part of the research team, said: “We found that being a musician may contribute to better hearing in old age, probably due to musicians using their hearing systems at a high level on a regular basis. This advantage widened considerably for musicians as they got older when compared to similar-aged non-musicians.” This study suggests that musicians might be more able to deal with the consequences of hearing loss.___38___ As Dr. Ralph Holme said, all people-including musicians-should try to prevent hearing damage in the first place. It’s necessary for everyone who plays a musical instrument or listens to loud music to wear hearing protection.___39___ A. Hearing normally declines as people age. B. Previous studies explained the reasons for hearing loss. C. That can effectively reduce the risk of damaging their hearing permanently. D. Still, it is far better to minimize damage by using appropriate ear protection. E. They believed musicians are also likely to experience age-related hearing problems. F. The researchers concluded that lifelong musicianship delays age-related changes in hearing. G. It found a 70-year-old musician’s hearing was as good as that of a 50-year-old who didn’t play. 第三部分:书面表达（共两节,32分） 第一节阅读表达（共4小题;第40、41小题各2分,第42小题3分,第43小题5分,共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。 Is it better for our bodies to work out at certain times of the day? Scientists have known for some time that every tissue in our bodies contains a kind of biological clock that goes off in response to messages related to our daily exposure to light, food and sleep. However, whether and how exercise timing might influence metabolic (新陈代谢的) health has been less clear, and the results of past experiments have not always agreed. A much-discussed 2019 study found that men with Type 2 diabetes (糖尿病) who completed a few minutes of high-intensity interval (间隔) sessions in the afternoon improved their blood-sugar control after two weeks. Patrick Schrauwen, a professor of nutrition and movement sciences read that 2019 study with interest. He had been studying exercise in people with Type 2 diabetes, but had not considered the possible role of timing. Now, seeing the varying impacts of the intense workouts, he wondered if the timing of workouts might similarly affect how the workouts changed people’s metabolisms. Incidentally he and his colleagues had a ready-made source of data in their own prior experiment. Several years earlier, they had asked adult men at high risk for Type 2 diabetes to ride stationary bicycles at the lab three times a week for 12 weeks, while the researchers tracked their metabolic health. They also had noted when the riders showed up for their workouts. The researchers pulled data for the 12 men who consistently had worked out between 8 and 10 a.m. and compared them with another 20 who always exercised between 3 and 6 p.m. They found that the benefits of afternoon workouts far outweighed those of morning exercise. He says, “This study does suggest that afternoon exercise may be more beneficial for people with disturbed metabolisms than the same exercise done earlier. The particular and most effective exercise for each of us will line up with our daily routines and exercise tendencies because exercise is good for us at any time of day—but only if we choose to keep doing it.” 40. What inspired Professor Schrauwen to carry out the research related to the timing of workouts? 41. What did Schrauwen’s new study figure out? 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Professor Schrauwen and his colleagues carried out the research by using the newly-collected data and making comparisons between two different subject groups. 43. When do you think is the best time for you to exercise? Why? (about 40 words) 第二节 写作（20分） 44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你班的交换生Jim对中华传统文化感兴趣，准备下学期选修一门相关课程，向你征询建议。请给Jim写一封邮件，内容包括： 1. 推荐一门选修课； 2. 说明推荐的理由； 3. 提出学习这门课程的建议。 注意：1. 词数不少于50； 2. 邮件的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 北京市第八十中学 2024~2025学年第一学期期中考试 高二英语 2024年11月 （考试时间 90 分钟 满分 100 分） 提示: 试卷答案请一律填涂或书写在答题卡上, 在试卷上作答无效。 在答题卡上, 选择题用 2B 铅笔作答, 其他试题用黑色签字笔作答。 第一部分: 知识运用（共三节, 30分） 第一节完型填空（共10小题, 每小题1.5分; 共15分） 阅读下面短文, 掌握其大意, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Labrador has been doing an important job to help people stay safe during the COVID-19 pandemic. Eight-year-old Roby runs through the streets of the hilly city of Medellin several times a day with a ___1___ in his jaws, taking vegetables, fruit and packaged foods to customers of the Fresh4U mini-market. “He helps us to maintain social distancing,” said Roby’ owner, Sherry Botero. “And people ___2___ it when we send the dog.” Roby enjoys eating carrots ___3___ to him by customers, a tip for bringing a basket of food. Roby wasn’t always a star. He was accepted into the family ___4___ by Ms Botero after repeated requests by her son to ___5___ a dog. But Ms Botero quickly ___6___ with the dog. And when she opened a mini-market four years ago, he started to accompany her to make deliveries. Roby can’t read ___7___. But he remembers the names of customers who have previously rewarded him with treats. And with some practice, he has learned to go to their houses on his own. “He knows the names of five or six of our customers,” Ms Botero said, “So I send the goods with a receipt in the basket, and my customers ___8___ me through a bank transfer(转账；转移).” Roby might not know that he’s become an ___9___ worker. But he is happy to help his owner and ___10___ his daily pay. 1. A. bag B. chain C. basket D. stick 2. A. respect B. love C. follow D. notice 3. A. gifted B. returned C. lent D. donated 4. A. intentionally B. regretfully C. immediately D. unwillingly 5. A. adopt B. train C. adore D. walk 6. A. got away B. kept in touch C. caught up D. fell in love 7. A. minds B. addresses C. numbers D. receipts 8. A. treat B. help C. pay D. impress 9. A. essential B. honest C. optimistic D. adventurous 10. A. spend B. calculate C. collect D. increase 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. A 6. D 7. B 8. C 9. A 10. C 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在新冠疫情期间，拉布拉多犬Roby帮助人们送蔬菜、水果和包装食品的故事。 【1题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：8岁的Roby每天叼着篮子在多山城市Medellin的街道上跑好几次，把蔬菜、水果和包装食品送到Fresh4U迷你市场的顾客那里。A. bag包；B. chain链子；C. basket篮子；D. stick棍子。根据下一段“a tip for bringing a basket of food.”和倒数第二行““So I send the goods with a receipt in the basket,”可知，此处指叼着篮子把蔬菜，水果等送到顾客那。故选C。 【2题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们派Roby过去时，人们很喜欢它。A. respect尊重；B. love爱，喜欢；C. follow跟随；D. notice注意。根据下文“____ to him by customers, a tip for bringing a basket of food.”可知，人们喜欢Roby。故选B。 【3题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Roby喜欢吃顾客送给他的胡萝卜，这是他带了一篮子食物的小费。A. gifted.用礼物送；B. returned返回；C. lent借出；D. donated捐赠。根据后文“a tip for bringing a basket of food.”可知，人们送给Roby胡萝卜作为送食物的小费。故选A。 【4题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：Botero的儿子多次请求收养一只狗，但Botero不情愿地接受了这只狗。A. intentionally故意地；B. regretfully后悔地；C. immediately立刻地；D. unwillingly不情愿地。根据后文“after repeated requests by her son”可知，Botero不太愿意让儿子养狗，所以此处需用副词unwillingly不情愿地。故选D。 【5题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. adopt领养；B. train训练；C. adore崇拜，爱慕；D. walk行走。根据前文“He was accepted into the family ____ by Ms Botero ”可知，Botero不太愿意让儿子养狗。故选A。 【6题详解】 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：但是Botero女士很快就爱上了这只狗。A. got away离开；B. kept in touch保持联系；C. caught up赶上；D. fell in love爱上。根据后文“And when she opened a mini-market four years ago, he started to accompany her to make deliveries.”和空前转折连词but可知，Botero女士喜欢上了小狗Roby。故选D。 【7题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Roby看不懂地址。A. minds思想；B. addresses地址；C. numbers号码；D. receipts收据。根据前文“he started to accompany her to make deliveries.”和常识可知，因为是狗去送货，不认识字，所以看不懂地址。故选B。 【8题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以，我把货物连同收据放在篮子里寄出去，我的客户通过银行汇款给我。A. treat对待，款待；B. help帮助；C. pay付款；D. impress给……留下印象。根据空后“ me through a bank transfer(转账；转移).”可知，此处指转账付款。故选C。 【9题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Roby可能不知道他已经成为一个必不可少的“工人”。A. essential必不可少的，重要的；B. honest诚实的；C. optimistic乐观的；D. adventurous冒险的。因为Roby帮Ms Botero送货，所以他已经成了一个必不可少的“工人”。故选A。 【10题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但他很乐意帮助他的主人和领取他的日常工资。A. spend花费；B. calculate计算；C. collect领取，收集；D. increase增加。根据前文描述可知，人们会给Roby一些食物作为小费，所以此处指他会领取他的日常报酬。故选C。 第二节语法填空（共10小题, 每小题1.5分; 共15分） A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Today, there is a trend that the youngsters haven't enough sleep during the night. Lack of sleep among children and teenagers in China ___11___(get) worse in the past ten years, with more than 80 percent getting insufficient sleep on school days, a report ___12___(publish)on Monday said. Chinese youngsters slept an average of 7.8 hours a night on school days last year, 20 minutes___13___(little) than in 2009，according to the report from the Chinese Academy of Sciences 'Institute of Psychology. 【答案】11. has got 12. published 13. less 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。研究报告显示青少年在晚上没有足够的睡眠已经成为一种趋势。 【11题详解】 考查时态。句意：本周一发布的一份报告显示，在过去十年中，我国儿童和青少年睡眠不足问题日益严重，超过80%的儿童和青少年在校期间睡眠不足。根据句中时间状语in the past ten years可知，用一般现在时。句中主语为Lack of sleep，不可数，所以谓语动词用has。故填has got。 【12题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：本周一发布的一份报告显示，在过去十年中，我国儿童和青少年睡眠不足问题日益严重，超过80%的儿童和青少年在校期间睡眠不足。名词report与publish之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故填published。 【13题详解】 考查短语。句意：中国科学院心理研究所的一份报告显示，去年，中国青少年在校期间每晚的平均睡眠时间为7.8小时，比2009年减少了20分钟。less than少于。故填less。 B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Based on AR and VR, the metaverse aims to bring people closer together in an online setting, enabling them to be connected in ways they couldn’t be before. Imagine ____14____ (attend) a meeting from the comfort of your couch, where you don’t dress up, but your avatar does. You ____15____ (seat) at a virtual table with other people whose reactions and body language can be judged just as well as they would be in real life. A metaverse could very likely bring these ____16____ (imagine) to reality, and soon. 【答案】14. attending 15. are seated 16. imaginations 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了什么是元宇宙。 【14题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：想象一下，坐在舒适的沙发上参加会议，你没有打扮，但你的化身打扮了。imagine doing sth.“想象做某事”，空处应填attend“参加”的动名词形式，作Imagine的宾语。故填attending。 【15题详解】 考查动词语态。句意：你和其他人坐在一张虚拟的桌子旁，你可以对他们的反应和肢体语言进行判断，就像他们在现实生活中一样。本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，且主语you与seat“使……就座”为被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为you，be动词用are。故填are seated。 【16题详解】 考查名词。句意：元宇宙很可能会很快将这些想象变成现实。空处应用名词imagination“想象”，作bring的宾语，被these修饰，应用复数形式。故填imaginations。 C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出 提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Everyone has a sense of humor, but it’s pretty evident that not everybody has a good sense of it. Psychologists are divided on ____17____ humor is inborn or learnable. However, there is one thing that ____18____ (accept) universally so far — the sense of humor is uniquely human. It is associated with laughter and laughter is associated with happiness and courage. These are qualities ____19____ (share) with other forms of life. But if happiness is one of the goals ____20____ (chase) in life, then it is the sense of humor that provides the key. 【答案】17. whether 18. has been accepted 19. shared 20. to chase 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章指出幽默是人类所特有的，是幸福的关键。 【17题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：心理学家对幽默是天生的还是可以学习的存在分歧。分析可知，空处引导宾语从句，从句成分完整，但缺少“是否”之意，该从句位于介词on之后，故只能用whether引导。故填whether。 【18题详解】 考查时态和语态。句意：然而，有一件事至今已被普遍接受，那就是幽默感是人类所独有的。分析可知，空处为定语从句的谓语动词，主语that指代先行词one thing，是第三人称单数；结合语境和时间状语so far判断为现在完成时，且that和accept之间为被动关系。故填has been accepted。 【19题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这些都是其他生命形式所共有的品质。分析可知，空处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，share和逻辑主语qualities之间为被动关系，故用过去分词形式。故填shared。 【20题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：但如果幸福是人生追求的目标之一，那么幽默感就是关键。结合句意和句子结构可知，空处用不定式作goals的后置定语，表将来；因goals是chase的逻辑宾语，故用主动表被动。故填to chase。 第二部分: 阅读理解（共两节, 38分） 第一节（共14小题; 每小题2分, 共28分） 阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Old and unrestored theatres are all around us and yet so unnoticed. A new photobook unveils their often overlooked beauty. Proctor’s Theatre, Newark, New Jersey Although available outdoors from street sellers, food was banned in theatres to display respectability. In the late 1920s, however, the operators in Proctor’s Theatre in Newark began to set up stands to improve the economic situation during the Great Depression. Popcorn and Coke would become a significant part of the theatre’s income. Proctor’s Theatre, Troy, New York Originally opened as Proctor’s Fourth Street Theatre in 1914, it hosted famous comedians such as Jack Benny and Bob Hope. From 1929, it was successively taken over, renamed as Proctor’s Troy Theatre and switched to screening films. In the 1960s, it began playing second-run films before closing in 1977. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in 1979. In 2010, the theatre was repaired but is currently not being used today. RKO Keith’s Flushing Theatre, New York Originally opened in 1928, RKO Keith’s Flushing Theatre was designed by Thomas Lamb. In 1982, it was listed on the NRHP. In 1986, the theatre was bought and closed by its new owner who planned to build a shopping centre on the site, intentionally damaging the hall. In 2019, despite the preservation efforts, the hall was knocked down to make way for a residential tower block. Metropolitan Opera House, Philadelphia The theatre was originally opened as the Philadelphia Opera House in 1908. In the 1920s, it was renamed as the Metropolitan Opera House, showing silent films in addition to hosting various opera companies. In the 1940s, it became a sports arena. In 1954, it was turned into a church. In the late 1990s, the building was purchased by Mark Hatcher. The church and the developer came to an agreement on a repair for a music venue that was completed and reopened in 2018. 21. In the late 1920s, Proctor’s Theatre in Newark set up stands to ________. A. show respect for the guests B. increase the theatre’s income C. promote newly released movies D. compete with the street sellers 22. What can we know from the passage? A. RKO Keith’s Flushing Theatre is well preserved. B. Proctor’s Theatre in Troy plays second-run films now. C. Metropolitan Opera House has witnessed changes in its function. D. Proctor’s Theatre in Newark has been officially listed on the NRHP. 23. What is the purpose of this passage? A. To rank the old and unrestored theatres. B. To show the development of American theatres. C. To encourage people to protect the old theatres. D. To provide information on overlooked old theatres. 【答案】21. B 22. C 23. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个被人们忽略的老剧院。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据Proctor’s Theatre, Newark, New Jersey部分的“In the late 1920s, however, the operators in Proctor’s Theatre in Newark began to set up stands to improve the economic situation during the Great Depression. Popcorn and Coke would become a significant part of the theatre’s income.（然而，在20世纪20年代末，纽瓦克的普罗克特剧院的经营者开始设立摊位，以改善大萧条时期的经济状况。爆米花和可乐将成为剧院收入的重要组成部分）”可知，在20世纪20年Proctor’s Theatre in Newark设立（小吃）摊位是为了增加剧院的收入。故选B。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据Metropolitan Opera House, Philadelphia部分的“In the 1920s, it was renamed as the Metropolitan Opera House, showing silent films in addition to hosting various opera companies. In the 1940s, it became a sports arena. In 1954, it was turned into a church. In the late 1990s, the building was purchased by Mark Hatcher. The church and the developer came to an agreement on a repair for a music venue that was completed and reopened in 2018.（在20世纪20年代，它被重新命名为大都会歌剧院，除了主办各种歌剧公司外，还放映无声电影。在20世纪40年代，它变成了一个运动场。1954年，它被改成了教堂。上世纪90年代末，这栋建筑被Mark Hatcher买下。教堂和开发商就音乐场地的修复达成了协议，该场地于2018年完工并重新开放）”可知，Metropolitan Opera House从上世纪20年代到本世纪大约100年间几经变化，从歌剧院到运动场，再到教堂，目前它是一个音乐场地，即Metropolitan Opera House的功能发生了变化。故选C。 【23题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Old and unrestored theatres are all around us and yet so unnoticed. A new photobook unveils their often overlooked beauty.（我们周围到处都是未修复的老剧院，却无人注意。一本新的相册揭示了它们经常被忽视的美）”结合下文对四个老剧院的独特之处的介绍可知，本文的目的是提供一些有关被忽略的旧剧院的资料。故选D。 B Throughout my 41 years at General Electric, I’ve experienced a lot. In the media, I’ve gone from prince to pig and back again. And I’ve been called many things. In the early days, some called me a crazy, wild man. When I became CEO two decades ago, Wall Street asked, “Jack who?” When I tried to make GE more competitive by cutting back our workforce in the early 1980s, the media called me “Neutron Jack.” When they learned we were focused on values and culture at GE, people asked if “Jack has gone soft.” I’ve been No.1 or No. 2 Jack. Services Jack, Global Jack, and, in more recent years, Six Sigma Jack and e-Business Jack. When we made an effort to acquire Honeywell in October 2000 and I agreed to stay on through the transition (过渡期), some thought of me as the Long-in-the-Tooth Jack hanging on by his fingertips to his CEO job. Those characterizations said less about me and a lot more about the stage our company went through. Truth is, down deep, I’ve never really changed much from the boy my mother raised in Salem, Massachusetts. When I started on this journey in 1981, standing before Wall Street analysts for the first time at New York’s Pierre Hotel, I said I wanted GE to become “the most competitive enterprise on earth.” My objective was to put a small-company spirit in a big-company body, to build an organization out of an old-line industrial company that would be more high — spirited, more adaptable, and more flexible than companies that are one-fiftieth our size. I said then that I wanted to create a company “where people dare to try new things — where people know that only the limits of their creativity and drive, their own standards of personal excellence, will be the ceiling on how far and how fast they move.” I’ve put my mind, my heart, and my courage into that journey every day of the 40-plus years I’ve been lucky enough to be a part of GE. 24. According to the first two paragraphs. the author__________. A. had many ups and downs B. had a poor image in public C. became CEO of GE 41 years ago D. suffered from some mental illnesses 25. As the author sees it, the many nicknames of him indicate__________. A. the change of his character with the time B. the various opinions of different journalists C. his popularity among his friends and relatives D. his company’s different stages of development 26. What does the underlined word “journey” in the last paragraph probably mean? A. Taking GE to a new height. B. Travelling from home to office. C. Seeking a higher position in GE. D. Growing from a baby into an adult. 【答案】24. A 25. D 26. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在通用电气公司的职业生涯和心路历程。 【24题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Throughout my 41 years at General Electric, I’ve experienced a lot. In the media, I’ve gone from prince to pig and back again. And I’ve been called many things. (在通用电气41年里，我经历了很多。在媒体上，我从王子变成了猪，然后又变了回来。我也有过很多称呼。)”以及第二段“In the early days, some called me a crazy, wild man. When I became CEO two decades ago, Wall Street asked, “Jack who?” (刚开始的时候，有人说我是一个疯狂、野蛮的人。20年前，当我成为首席执行官时，华尔街问我：“杰克是谁？”)”可知，作者经历了很多起起落落。故选A。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“Those characterizations said less about me and a lot more about the stage our company went through. (这些描述更多地反映了我们公司所经历的阶段，而不是我自己。)”可知，在作者看来，他的许多绰号表明了他的公司的不同发展阶段。故选D。 【26题详解】 词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段中“I said then that I wanted to create a company “where people dare to try new things — where people know that only the limits of their creativity and drive, their own standards of personal excellence, will be the ceiling on how far and how fast they move.” (我当时说，我想创建一家公司，“在那里，人们敢于尝试新事物，在那里，人们知道，只有他们的创造力和动力的极限，他们自己的个人卓越标准，才是他们前进的距离和速度的上限。”)”和最后一段“I’ve put my mind, my heart, and my courage into that journey every day of the 40-plus years I’ve been lucky enough to be a part of GE. (40多年来，我有幸成为通用电气的一员，在这段旅程的每一天，我都倾注了我的心血和勇气。)”可知，作者想要通用电气的员工敢于尝试新事物，发挥创造力，不断进步，即这是一段把通用电气带到一个新的高度的过程，故journey在此处的意思是“将通用电气带到一个新的高度”。A. Taking GE to a new height将通用电气推向了一个新的高度；B. Travelling from home to office从家到办公室的旅行；C. Seeking a higher position in GE在通用电气公司寻求更高的职位；D. Growing from a baby into an adult从婴儿成长为成年人。故选A。 C Birds Can “Read” Human Gaze We all know that people sometimes change their behavior when someone is looking their way. Now, a new study reported online on April 2nd in Current Biology shows that jackdaws — birds related to crows with eyes that appear similar to human eyes — can do the same. “Jackdaws seem to recognize the eye’s role in visual perception, or at the very least they are extremely sensitive to the way that human eyes are oriented (朝向),” said Auguste von Bayern, formerly of the University of Cambridge and now at the University of Oxford. When presented with a preferred food, hand-raised jackdaws took significantly longer to get the reward when a person was directing his eyes towards the food than when he was looking away, according to the research team led by Nathan Emery of the University of Cambridge and Queen Mary University of London. The birds hesitated only when the person was unfamiliar and thus potentially threatening. In addition, the birds were able to interpret human communicative gestures, such as gaze alternation and pointing, to help them find hidden food, they found. The birds were unsuccessful in using unmoving cues, including eye gaze or head orientation. Unlike most birds, jackdaws’ eyes have a dark pupil surrounded by a silvery white iris. The researchers said they believe jackdaws are probably sensitive to human eyes because, as in humans, eyes are an important means of communication for them. The hand-raised birds examined in the study may be even better than wild jackdaws a attending to human gaze and responding to the gestures of the people who have raised them. The findings are particularly notable given that most other species investigated so far including our closes relatives the chimpanzee and “man’s best friend,” the dog, are not particularly sensitive to eye orientation and eye gaze, von Bayern said. Rather, she continued, chimps and dogs seem to rely on other cues such as head or body orientation in determining the looking direction of others. The results suggest that birds may deserve more respect for their mental abilities. “We may have understated the psychological world of birds,” von Bayern said. “Jackdaws, among many other birds, form pair ties for life and need to have much in common and work together with their partner, which requires an efficient way of communicating and sensitivity to their partner’s viewpoint.” 27. A hand-raised jackdaw hesitates to take a preferred food when the feeder__________. A. is looking away from the food B. holds the food in his hand C. is looking at the food D. is unfamiliar to the bird 28. According to researchers, jackdaws can notice human eye orientation probably because_________. A. like humans, they also use eyes to communicate B. they are far more intelligent than other birds C. they are mostly hand-raised by humans D. their eyes also have a dark pupil 29. Why does the author refer to chimpanzees and dogs? A. To suggest that they are much better at interpreting gaze alternation. B. To reflect how unique jackdaws are in being able to notice gaze orientation. C. lo show that they communicate more frequently with humans than jackdaws. D. To make clear that they rely on other means in determining people’s intention. 30. What does the research finding suggest? A. Not all jackdaws are good at attending to human gaze. B. We may have understated jackdaws’ mental abilities. C. We know embarrassingly less about birds than we assume. D. The closer we communicate with animals, the better we understand them. 【答案】27. D 28. A 29. B 30. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了实验发现鸟类可以“读懂”人类的凝视，科学家们推测也许鸟类也是用眼睛交流的，人类一直以来都忽视了鸟类的心理世界。 【27题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“When presented with a preferred food, hand-raised jackdaws took significantly longer to get the reward when a person was directing his eyes towards the food than when he was looking away, according to the research team led by Nathan Emery of the University of Cambridge and Queen Mary University of London. The birds hesitated only when the person was unfamiliar and thus potentially threatening. (剑桥大学和伦敦玛丽女王大学的研究团队（由内森·埃默里领导）发现，当被给予喜爱的食物时，如果有人在注视着食物，那么人工饲养的寒鸦获取奖励的时间会明显长于那人没有注视食物时。只有当这个人是陌生的且可能构成威胁时，寒鸦才会表现出犹豫。)”可知，当喂食人是不熟悉的人时，鸟类在面对喜欢的食物是犹豫之后才吃，故选D。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段中“Unlike most birds, jackdaws’ eyes have a dark pupil surrounded by a silvery white iris. The researchers said they believe jackdaws are probably sensitive to human eyes because, as in humans, eyes are an important means of communication for them. (与大多数鸟类不同，寒鸦的眼睛有一个黑色的瞳孔，周围是银白色的虹膜。研究人员说，他们认为寒鸦可能对人类的眼睛很敏感，因为和人类一样，眼睛是它们重要的交流手段。)”可知，研究人员称，寒鸦能注意到人眼的方向，可能是因为像人类一样，它们也用眼睛交流，故选A。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The findings are particularly notable given that most other species investigated so far, including our closes relatives the chimpanzee and “man’s best friend,” the dog, are not particularly sensitive to eye orientation and eye gaze, von Bayern said. Rather, she continued, chimps and dogs seem to rely on other cues such as head or body orientation in determining the looking direction of others. The results suggest that birds may deserve more respect for their mental abilities. (冯·拜仁说，考虑到迄今为止研究的大多数其他物种，包括我们的近亲黑猩猩和“人类最好的朋友”狗，对眼睛的方向和凝视并不特别敏感，这一发现尤其值得注意。相反，她继续说，黑猩猩和狗似乎依靠其他信号，如头部或身体的方向，来确定其他动物的视线方向。研究结果表明，鸟类的智力应该得到更多的尊重。)”可知，狗和黑猩猩对眼睛的方向和凝视并不特别敏感，而鸟类不一样，故推知作者提到黑猩猩和狗是为了反映寒鸦能够注意到凝视方向的独特性，故选B。 【30题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段““We may have understated the psychological world of birds,” von Bayern said. “Jackdaws, among many other birds, form pair ties for life and need to have much in common and work together with their partner, which requires an efficient way of communicating and sensitivity to their partner’s viewpoint.” (“我们可能低估了鸟类的心理世界，”冯·拜仁说。“在许多其他鸟类中，寒鸦是终生的伴侣关系，需要有很多共同点，并与伴侣一起工作，这需要一种有效的沟通方式，并对伴侣的观点敏感。”)”可知，研究结果表明了我们可能低估了鸟类的心理世界，故选B。 D The Secret of Success The recipe for succeeding in any given field is hardly a mystery: good ideas, hard work, discipline, imagination, perseverance and maybe a little luck. Oh, and let’s not forget failure, which Dashun Wang and his colleagues at Northwestern University call “the essential prerequisite (先决条件) for success” in a new paper. But not every failure leads to success, he adds. And what eventually separates the winners from the losers, the research shows, certainly is not persistence. One of the more interesting findings in the paper, published last October in Nature, is that the people who eventually succeeded and the people who eventually failed tried basically the same number of times to achieve their goals. It turns out that trying again and again only works if you learn from your previous failures. The idea is to work smart, not hard. You have to figure out what worked and what didn’t, and then focus on what needs to be improved instead of struggling around and changing everything,” says Wang. “The people who failed didn’t necessarily work less than those who succeeded. They could actually have worked more: it’s just that they made more unnecessary changes.” As they explored “the mechanisms governing the dynamics of failure”, Wang’s team identified what they describe as previously unknown statistical signatures that separate successful groups from unsuccessful groups, making it possible to predict their final outcomes. One such key indicator is the time between consecutive (连续的) failed attempts, which should decrease steadily. In other words, the faster you fail, the better your chances of success, and the more time between attempts, the more likely you are to fail again. “If someone has applied for a grant and they are three failures in,” Wang says, “if we just look at the timing between the failures, we will be able to predict whether they will eventually succeed or not.” Working with such large-scale data, Wang and his colleagues were able to identify a critical point that was common to each of the hundreds of thousands of undertakings they had analyzed, a fork in the road where one path leads to a development region and one leads to a stagnation region. Wang points out that the existence of the tipping point cuts against the traditional explanations for failure or success, such as luck or a person’s work habits. “What we’ re showing here is that even in the absence of such differences, you can still have very different outcomes.” he says. What matters is how people fail, how they respond to failure and where those failures lead. 31. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that________. A winners are more persistent than losers B. failure is not important for success at all C. more trying doesn’t necessarily result in success D. winners and losers differ in how many times they tried 32. Wang and his colleagues believe that________. A. no one can obtain success without failure B. failure can sometimes help predict success C. the performance pattern is difficult to identify D. the critical point had been discovered by chance 33. The underlined phrase “a stagnation region” in Paragraph 6 refers to a region________. A. without progress B. beyond recognition C. unknown to outsiders D. in its elementary stage 34. What is the conclusion of Wang’s research? A. Winners try less than losers. but gain more. B. Perseverance is the utmost secret to success. C. Working smart could turn failures into future successes. D. Luck and work habits hardly make any difference to the result. 【答案】31. C 32. B 33. A 34. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章分析了成功的秘密。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“But not every failure leads to success, he adds. And what eventually separates the winners from the losers, the research shows, certainly is not persistence. One of the more interesting findings in the paper, published last October in Nature, is that the people who eventually succeeded and the people who eventually failed tried basically the same number of times to achieve their goals. (但他补充说，并不是每一次失败都会导致成功。研究显示，最终区分赢家和输家的，当然不是坚持不懈。去年10月发表在《自然》杂志上的一篇论文中有一个更有趣的发现，那就是最终成功的人和最终失败的人为实现目标所尝试的次数基本相同。)”可知，更多的尝试不一定会带来成功。故选C。 【32题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段中“In other words, the faster you fail, the better your chances of success, and the more time between attempts, the more likely you are to fail again. “If someone has applied for a grant and they are three failures in,” Wang says, “if we just look at the timing between the failures, we will be able to predict whether they will eventually succeed or not.” (换句话说，失败的速度越快，成功的机会就越大，两次尝试之间的间隔时间越长，再次失败的可能性就越大。“如果有人申请了一项资助，但他们失败了三次，”王说，“如果我们只看两次失败之间的时间间隔，我们就能预测他们最终是否会成功。”)”可知，从两次失败的时间间隔可以帮助预测最终是否能成功，即失败有时可以帮助预测成功。故选B。 【33题详解】 词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段“Working with such large-scale data, Wang and his colleagues were able to identify a critical point that was common to each of the hundreds of thousands of undertakings they had analyzed, a fork in the road where one path leads to a development region and one leads to a stagnation region. (利用如此大规模的数据，王和他的同事们能够在他们分析的数十万个企业中找到一个共同的临界点，这是一个岔路口，一条路通向发展区域，一条路通向a stagnation region。)”可知，这个临界点导致两个不同的结果，即一个是“development region (发展区域)”，那么与之相对的可以推断出是“停滞区域，非发展区”。a stagnation region的含义为“停滞区域，非发展区”。A. without progress没有进展；B. beyond recognition认不出来；C. unknown to outsiders外人不知道；D. in its elementary stage处于初级阶段。故选A。 【34题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“It turns out that trying again and again only works if you learn from your previous failures. The idea is to work smart, not hard. “You have to figure out what worked and what didn’t, and then focus on what needs to be improved instead of struggling around and changing everything,” says Wang. “The people who failed didn’t necessarily work less than those who succeeded. They could actually have worked more: it’s just that they made more unnecessary changes.”（事实证明，只有从以前的失败中吸取教训，一次又一次的尝试才会成功。关键是要聪明地工作，而不是努力工作。“你必须弄清楚什么有效，什么无效，然后专注于需要改进的地方，而不是挣扎着改变一切，”王说。“失败者并不一定比成功者工作得少。他们其实可以做得更多:只是他们做了更多不必要的改变。”）”以及最后一段中““What we’ re showing here is that even in the absence of such differences, you can still have very different outcomes.” he says. What matters is how people fail, how they respond to failure and where those failures lead. (他说：“我们在这里展示的是，即使没有这些差异，你仍然可以得到非常不同的结果。”重要的是人们如何失败，他们如何应对失败，以及这些失败会导致什么。)”可知，王的研究结果表明并不是每一次失败都会导致成功，真正导致成功的是弄清楚人们如何失败，他们如何应对失败，以及这些失败会导致什么，然后进行改变，即聪明地工作可以把失败变成未来的成功。故选C。 第二节（共5小题; 每小题2分, 共10分） 根据短文内容, 从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空向处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余项。 Lifelong Musicians Have Better Hearing Playing a musical instrument throughout your life protects your hearing, a Canadian study suggests. The study, which was published in Psychology and Aging, carried out hearing tests on 74 adult musicians and 89 non-musicians. ___35___ Action on Hearing Loss said all people - including musicians - should try to prevent hearing damage.___36___ By sixty, 10-30% of people have moderate hearing loss. By eighty, that goes up to as many as 60%. Problems are particularly seen in the central auditory processing system, which is associated with understanding speech, especially when there is background noise. Then a research, by a team at the Rotman Research Institute in Toronto, looked at adults were affected as they aged. They chose both musicians and non-musicians from the age of 18 to 91 and divided them into different groups based on the age. Again musicians were significantly better at picking out speech against noise in all the age ranges. ___37___ Benjamin Zendel, who was part of the research team, said: “We found that being a musician may contribute to better hearing in old age, probably due to musicians using their hearing systems at a high level on a regular basis. This advantage widened considerably for musicians as they got older when compared to similar-aged non-musicians.” This study suggests that musicians might be more able to deal with the consequences of hearing loss.___38___ As Dr. Ralph Holme said, all people-including musicians-should try to prevent hearing damage in the first place. It’s necessary for everyone who plays a musical instrument or listens to loud music to wear hearing protection.___39___ A. Hearing normally declines as people age. B. Previous studies explained the reasons for hearing loss. C. That can effectively reduce the risk of damaging their hearing permanently. D. Still, it is far better to minimize damage by using appropriate ear protection. E. They believed musicians are also likely to experience age-related hearing problems. F. The researchers concluded that lifelong musicianship delays age-related changes in hearing. G. It found a 70-year-old musician’s hearing was as good as that of a 50-year-old who didn’t play. 【答案】35 G 36. A 37. F 38. D 39. C 【解析】 【分析】根据加拿大一项研究表明：人生中会演奏一种乐器能够保护你的听力。但是包括音乐家的所有人都要尽力避免听声音过大的音乐，演奏乐器的人携带听力保护装置很有必要。 【35题详解】 根据空格前The study, which was published in Psychology and Aging, carried out hearing tests on 74 musicians and 89 non-musicians.得知，实验中对74名音乐人士和89名没学过音乐的人进行观察对比。接下来要说实验结果。故选G。 【36题详解】 根据空格后By sixty, 10-30% of people have some hearing loss. By eighty, that goes up to as many as 60%.得知，年龄越大听力受损越严重，通常人们随着年长听力下降符合题意。故选A。 【37题详解】 根据空格后We found that being a musician may contribute to better hearing in old age, probably due to musicians using their hearing systems at a high level on a regular basis得知，研究发现，成为音乐家可能有助于降低年老带来的听力问题。故选F。 【38题详解】 根据空格后As Dr. Ralph Holme said, all people—including musicians—should try to prevent hearing damage in the first place.得知，Ralph Holme博士指出所有人要尽力保护听力。这项研究表明，音乐家可能更能处理听力损失的后果，但仍然需要通过适当的听力保护来减少听力损失。故选D。 【39题详解】 根据空格前It’s necessary for everyone who plays a musical instrument or listens to loud music to wear hearing protection.得知，演奏乐器的人携带听力保护装置很有必要。接下来要说这样做的好处。故选C。 第三部分:书面表达（共两节,32分） 第一节阅读表达（共4小题;第40、41小题各2分,第42小题3分,第43小题5分,共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。 Is it better for our bodies to work out at certain times of the day? Scientists have known for some time that every tissue in our bodies contains a kind of biological clock that goes off in response to messages related to our daily exposure to light, food and sleep. However, whether and how exercise timing might influence metabolic (新陈代谢的) health has been less clear, and the results of past experiments have not always agreed. A much-discussed 2019 study found that men with Type 2 diabetes (糖尿病) who completed a few minutes of high-intensity interval (间隔) sessions in the afternoon improved their blood-sugar control after two weeks. Patrick Schrauwen, a professor of nutrition and movement sciences read that 2019 study with interest. He had been studying exercise in people with Type 2 diabetes, but had not considered the possible role of timing. Now, seeing the varying impacts of the intense workouts, he wondered if the timing of workouts might similarly affect how the workouts changed people’s metabolisms. Incidentally, he and his colleagues had a ready-made source of data in their own prior experiment. Several years earlier, they had asked adult men at high risk for Type 2 diabetes to ride stationary bicycles at the lab three times a week for 12 weeks, while the researchers tracked their metabolic health. They also had noted when the riders showed up for their workouts. The researchers pulled data for the 12 men who consistently had worked out between 8 and 10 a.m. and compared them with another 20 who always exercised between 3 and 6 p.m. They found that the benefits of afternoon workouts far outweighed those of morning exercise. He says, “This study does suggest that afternoon exercise may be more beneficial for people with disturbed metabolisms than the same exercise done earlier. The particular and most effective exercise for each of us will line up with our daily routines and exercise tendencies because exercise is good for us at any time of day—but only if we choose to keep doing it.” 40. What inspired Professor Schrauwen to carry out the research related to the timing of workouts? 41. What did Schrauwen’s new study figure out? 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Professor Schrauwen and his colleagues carried out the research by using the newly-collected data and making comparisons between two different subject groups. 43. When do you think is the best time for you to exercise? Why? (about 40 words) 【答案】40. The 2019 study. 41. For some people, it is better to work out in the afternoon. 42. Professor Schrauwen and his colleagues carried out the research by using the newly-collected data and making comparisons between two different subject groups. According to the passage, Professor Schrauwen and his colleagues didn’t collect any new data to do the research. They made use of the ready-made source of data from their own prior experiment. 43. 略 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇科学研究。文章通过研究两个患有糖尿病的男性在不同的运动时间下其新陈代谢的不同，来说明运动时间选择的重要性以及它对我们新陈代谢健康的影响，进一步说明我们应该适当的选好适合自己的锻炼时间，来改善身体状况。 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“A much-discussed 2019 study found that men with Type 2 diabetes (糖尿病) who completed a few minutes of high-intensity interval (间隔) sessions in the afternoon improved their blood-sugar control after two weeks. Patrick Schrauwen, a professor of nutrition and movement sciences read that 2019 study with interest.（2019年一项备受争议的研究发现，2型糖尿病患者在下午完成几分钟的高强度间歇训练后，两周后血糖控制得到了改善。营养和运动科学教授帕特里克·施劳文饶有兴趣地阅读了2019年的这项研究。）”可知，是2019年的这项研究促使施劳文教授进行这项与锻炼时间有关的研究的，故答案为The 2019 study. 【41题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第三段“They found that the benefits of afternoon workouts far outweighed those of morning exercise.（他们发现下午锻炼的好处远远大于早晨锻炼的好处。）”以及第四段“This study does suggest that afternoon exercise may be more beneficial for people with disturbed metabolisms than the same exercise done earlier.（这项研究确实表明，下午锻炼对代谢紊乱的人可能比早些时候做同样的锻炼更有益。）”可知，教授的新研究发现对于一些人来讲，在下午运动会更好，故答案为For some people, it is better to work out in the afternoon. 【42题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第三段“Incidentally, he and his colleagues had a ready-made source of data in their own prior experiment. Several years earlier, they had asked adult men at high risk for Type 2 diabetes to ride stationary bicycles at the lab three times a week for 12 weeks, while the researchers tracked their metabolic health. （顺便说一句，他和他的同事在他们之前的实验中有现成的数据来源。几年前，他们曾要求患有2型糖尿病的高风险成年男性每周在实验室骑3次固定自行车，持续12周，而研究人员则跟踪他们的代谢健康状况。”）可知，Schrauwen教授和他的同事没有收集任何新的数据来做研究。他们利用了自己先前实验中现成的数据来源，故答案为Professor Schrauwen and his colleagues carried out the research by using the newly-collected data and making comparisons between two different subject groups. According to the passage, Professor Schrauwen and his colleagues didn’t collect any new data to do the research. They made use of the ready-made source of data from their own prior experiment. 【43题详解】 开放题。表述自己的观点并解释原因。注意字数控制在40词左右。 第二节 写作（20分） 44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你班的交换生Jim对中华传统文化感兴趣，准备下学期选修一门相关课程，向你征询建议。请给Jim写一封邮件，内容包括： 1. 推荐一门选修课； 2. 说明推荐的理由； 3. 提出学习这门课程的建议。 注意：1. 词数不少于50； 2. 邮件的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Jim, I am glad that you are interested in Chinese culture and eager to explore more. I think the Ancient Poetry is your best choice. By learning Chinese ancient poems, you can have an extensive knowledge of history and culture in ancient China. Also, you can feel the charm of the language by reading poems, which helps to improve your Chinese. To follow the course well, you’d better read and recite as many poems as possible. Besides, it is a good idea to search for related background knowledge so that you will fully understand the conception of poetry. What do you think of the course? I am sure you will have a lot of fun from it. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【详解】本篇是一篇书信类提纲作文，写作时注意以下几点： 1.仔细阅读有关提示，弄清提供的所有信息，明确有哪些要点：a  推荐一门选修课；b 说明推荐的理由；c 提出学习这门课程的建议。 2.提纲是文章的总体框架，要在提纲的范围内进行分析，构思和想象。要依据提示情景和语句，按照一定的逻辑来写。 3.根据要表达的内容确定句子的时态，语态，就本文而言，应该用一般现在时。 4.注意使用高级词汇和高级句式，以增加文章的亮点。 5. 提纲性文章难点：扩充成句，因为提纲性文章主题内容已经基本列出，在将短句扩充时，要精炼。 【范文亮点】 本文语言精炼，并使用了高级句式，如：you can feel the charm of the language by reading poems, which helps to improve your Chinese.定语从句；By learning Chinese ancient poems, you can have an extensive knowledge of history and culture in ancient China.非谓语结构；it is a good idea to search for related background knowledge so that you will fully understand the conception of poetry.形式主语结构。 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $