Unit 4 短语(Phrases) 语法讲义 2024-2025学年人教版高二英语选择性必修第三册 学生版+教师版 7-4-3

Unit 4 短语(Phrases) 语法讲义 2024-2025学年人教版高二英语选择性必修第四册 英语24字整体教学 整体掌握 学生版 7-4-3 目 录 短语(Phrases) · 思维导图 整体掌握 · 语法精讲 规律探析 · 基础巩固 透析语法 · 能力提升 突破考点 短语(Phrases) · 思维导图 整体掌握 · 语法精讲 规律探析 I. 概念 英语中的短语是有一定意义但不构成独立从句或句子的一组词。从形式角度划分，英语的短语可分为名词短语、动词短语、形容词短语、副词短语、介词短语等。英语短语的句法功能通常与对应的单词的句法功能类似，比如，名词短语与名词功能相似，在句中主要充当主语、宾语；介词短语主要充当定语、状语、补语。例如： He failed to get the first prize in the match. 在这个句子中the first prize是名词短语，in the match是介词短语。 II. 几类短语的具体用法 1. 名词短语(NP) many good students许多优秀的学生 his beautiful wife他的美丽的妻子 the best answer最好的答案 those sweet roses那些甜美的玫瑰 Many people have been reported to be infected by the novel coronavirus globally. (作主语和宾语) 报告称全球已有很多人感染了新冠病毒。 Many people including doctors，nurses and scientists are real heroes. (作表语) 包括医生、护士和科学家在内的很多人都是真正的英雄。 [总结] [即学即练1] 找出下列句中的名词短语，并指出其作什么成分。 ①I have three close friends. ________________ ②There are some red roses on that small table. ________________ ③The cute boy wearing blue jeans is my brother. ________________ 2. 动词短语(VP) 构成 例词 动词＋副词 put away收起来 look back回顾 break down出故障 turn up出现 动词＋介词 bring about引起 look into调查 get over克服 insist on坚持 动词＋副词＋介词 add up to总计 keep away from不靠近 look down on轻视 keep up with赶上 动词＋名词＋介词 catch sight of看见，瞥见 make use of利用 pay attention to注意 make sense of理解 Old-fashioned phones matter when wireless networks break down in disasters. 无线网络在灾难中瘫痪的时候，老式电话起到重要作用。 You look well. The air and the seafood in Sanya must agree with you，I suppose. 你气色很好，我想三亚的空气和海鲜肯定适合你。 He will have to find some other work，for he can’t put up with this loud noise any more. 他必须找其他工作，因为他再也无法忍受这么大的噪音。 [即学即练2]　找出下列句中的动词短语 ①I don't get on with the people at work. ________________ ②I don't much care for television. ________________ ③I'm afraid I'll have to ring off. Someone is calling me. ________________ 3. 形容词短语(AdjP) 形容词短语是指由几个形容词或形容词及其修饰语构成的短语。 构成 例句 两个或多个形容词可以由and，but等并列连词连接，构成形容词短语 Your room is large and beautiful. (作表语) 你的房间大且漂亮。 He is young but clever. (作表语) 他年轻但聪明。 very等程度副词作修饰语，可与形容词构成形容词短语 It is very hot today. (作表语) 今天很热。 The road is long enough. (作表语)这路够长的。 介词及其宾语可用在形容词后修饰形容词，可与形容词构成形容词短语 I am sure of success. (作表语) 我确信会成功的。 The bottle is full of water. (作表语) 瓶子里装满了水。 不定式在形容词后作修饰语，可与形容词构成形容词短语 He is sure to come. (作表语)他一定会来的。 [即学即练3]　找出下列句中的形容词短语，并指出其作什么成分。 ①Glad to accept，the girl nodded her agreement. ________________________ ②The room was awfully dirty. ________________________ ③He cast it a second time，and drew in an old basket full of sand. ________________________ 4. 副词短语(AdvP) 副词短语是指由几个副词或副词及其修饰语构成的短语。在句中主要作状语。 构成 例句 两个或多个副词可以由and，but等并列连词连接，构成副词短语 I tried again and again. 我试了一遍又一遍。 very，extremely，clearly等程度副词作修饰语，可与其他副词构成副词短语 He runs extremely fast. 他跑得快极了。 其他类型的副词短语 I was so deeply moved that I couldn’t fall asleep deep into the night. 我是如此感动，以至于在深夜都无法入睡。 [即学即练4]　找出下列句中的副词短语 ①He can finish that much quicker. ________________________ ②She types quickly and correctly. ________________________ ③That man talked too much. ________________________ 5. 介词短语(PrepP) 介词短语是介词和其他代词或名词或词组搭配构成的短语。在句中作状语、表语、补语、定语等。 构成 例词 介词＋名词 at the door，into the bag 介词＋代词 for me，of others 介词＋介词短语 from across the street，until after dinner 介词＋副词 from below 介词＋复合结构 with the light on The world’s population is likely to peak at 9. 7 billion in 2064. (作状语) 世界人口可能会在2064年达到97亿的峰值。 Thanks to his efforts in epidemic prevention and control，our neighborhood has been in a good state. (作定语，作表语)(2020·全国 Ⅰ) 多亏他在疫情防控方面做的努力，才使得我们社区状况良好。 [即学即练5]　找出下列句中的介词短语 ①A man stepped out from behind the wall. ________________________ ②Change the oil in the car every 5，000 miles. _______________________ ③I saw him walking along the street. ________________________ 基础巩固 透析语法 Ⅰ. 指出下列句中的黑体部分属于哪种类型的短语 1. The kids are playing on the grass rather happily. ________________________ 2. They picnicked in the woods. ________________________ 3. I won't go home until after the exam. ________________________ 4. It was no surprise when we were told that our grandfather had passed away. ______________________ 5. Do you know the reason why the automobile breaks down？ ________________________ 6. At last，the police found out the car full of drugs. ________________________ Ⅱ. 单句语法填空 1. The most beautiful tourist _____________________(attract) in China is the West Lake. 2. He was very _____________________(confuse) about the result of the exam. 3. I believe he will give up _____________________ bad habit. 4. Most _____________________(importance), everyone should have a positive attitude. 5. That’s all for my _____________________(introduce). 6. Students of various cultures can communicate _____________________ each other. 7. (2020· 天津高考) Nothing can _____________________(achieve) without dedication and frustration.   8. I am _____________________(terrible) sorry to have you waiting for such a long time. Ⅲ. 完成句子 1. I have _____________________.   我有三个亲密的朋友。 2. _____________________ to learn English well.   对我们来说, 学好英语是很重要的。 3. We will try to _____________________.   我们将努力使我们的国家更美丽。 4. I wish you _____________________.   祝你平安归来。 5. I won _____________________ in the Chinese speech contest.   我获得了汉语演讲比赛的一等奖。 6. We are _____________________ responsible for our actions.   我们都要对自己的行为负全部责任。 IV. 短文语法填空(以介词为主) My husband and I were paying a visit to my parents 1. ________________ Tucson. We went to a fast­food restaurant 2. ________________ dinner together. My husband went to the counter to order dishes and I 3. ________________ (stand) with my parents. My dad is 90 years old. He can hardly see very well and walks with a stick. I was scanning the restaurant，waiting 4. ________________ (sit) at the first table that was more convenient than others. A woman who was sitting with her son made eye contact with me and asked me to come to her. 5. ________________ a puzzled look on my face，I pointed to 6. ________________(I) and said，“Me？”She nodded and said，“Yes，you. ”I walked to the table and she said，“Bring your family here. I can finish eating 7. ________________ the counter. My son is 8. ________________ a hurry to leave anyway. ”My eyes were filled with tears as she wiped down the table and guided my dad to the seat. I always believe that there are naturally kind people 9. ________________ this world. This woman has set a good example 10. ________________ her son，who is a really lucky guy. V. 根据提示翻译下列语段，尽可能多地运用本单元的语法 上周日，我们的志愿者俱乐部(NP)去了敬老院。一到那里，我们就开始打扫卫生(VP)，然后为老年人理发、唱歌。脸上带着灿烂的笑容(PrepP)，老人们高兴地观看了我们的表演。虽然很累，但是我们感到很开心(AdjP)。最为重要的是(AdvP)，我们能够为他人做些有益的事情。 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 能力提升 突破考点 Ⅰ. 请写出下列黑体短语的类型及其所充当的成分 1. He could only understand a word here and there. ________________________ 2. Don’t fall for(＝Don’t be attracted by) her beauty. ________________________ 3. In spite of the difficulties，we went on with our work. ________________________ 4. We need to build a factory twice larger than this one. ________________________ 5. She carried a basket full of eggs to visit her grandmother. ________________________ 6. New office buildings are going up everywhere. ________________________ 7. The letter on the desk is for Mr Wu，our department manager. ________________________ 8. He was so hungry that he finished off everything on the table. ________________________ 9. He has been working here as an assistant to the chairman for ten years. ________________________ 10. We found everything in the lab in good order before doing the experiment. ________________________ Ⅱ. 单句写作 1. 政府向失业者分发食品。(介词短语作后置定语) _________________________________________________________ 2. 因为大雨飞机没有准时起飞。(名词短语作宾语) _________________________________________________________ 3. 这个男孩应受惩罚，因为他偷了店里的平板电脑。(动词短语作谓语) _________________________________________________________ 4. 如果这个账单五天内没有交付，你的煤气供应将会被切断。(介词短语作状语) _________________________________________________________ 5. 这个可怜的人从一个高台上跌下来，彻底残疾了。(形容词短语作表语) _________________________________________________________ Ⅲ. 阅读理解 The Wuhan Institute of Shipbuilding Technology was used as a quarantine site(隔离区) from Feb 8 to March 28. Cheng Shining，a junior of Central China Normal University in Wuhan，was responsible for collecting and distributing supplies for quarantined people and medical staff. As the youngest volunteer at this site，he also chose to live there so that he could show up whenever he was needed. One day Cheng and two other volunteers took more than 3 hours to move all 1,462 boxes of mineral water to storage with 50 firemen’s help. Cheng says，“A single person’s strength is limited，but we know the whole country is helping us. ” Cheng was a volunteer for the Military World Games held in Wuhan last October. It was the first time he saw his hometown under the world’s spotlight. “I’ve experienced the highlight of Wuhan，and now when my hometown touched a low point，I want to get through the difficulty together with the city，” Cheng says. Like Cheng,28-year-old Wuhan local Zhu Aobing also volunteered to help his home city. He signed up right away to be a volunteer for the vaccine. A total of 108 Wuhan locals became the first group of COVID-19 vaccine volunteers in March. They are healthy adults aged from 18 to 60 selected from thousands of people who applied. “Since the lockdown，I’ve always been thinking what I can do for my hometown during the epidemic，”he says. Zhu is a freshman of Hubei University of Technology in Wuhan. He joined the army when he was 18 years old and served for five years. However，Zhu didn’t want to miss the chance to study further，so he decided to go to college last year. “No matter how long I have finished my military service，I always have the responsibility to go to the front line when the country needs me，and when facing this pandemic(疫情)，being a vaccine volunteer is what I should do，” he says. 1. How does Cheng sound when talking about the help from the firemen? A. Descriptive and serious. B. Generous and exciting. C. Appreciative and optimistic. D. Cautious and supportive. 2. How can Zhu help his home city? A. By serving the Military World Games. B. By helping run a quarantine site. C. By studying further in college. D. By being a vaccine volunteer. 3. What do Cheng and Zhu have in common? A. They are Wuhan locals. B. They served in the army. C. They are of the same age. D. They graduated from university. Ⅳ. 完形填空 Life is full of amazing things we can’t understand or we must embrace. Just today，I 1 one of these things. I was in the grocery store buying things. As I 2 the cashier，I noticed the person in front of me. His back was bent and he walked 3 . His hair was as white as the snow. The skin on his face was 4 . In the eyes of the world，he looked old and ugly. When he slowly 5 the money for groceries，a change took place. He smiled and 6 with the cashier. His laughter sounded like 7 music. His eyes sparkled with delight. He turned to me and 8 his smile. When he did so，I could see his soul 9 . It was the youngest，most beautiful and energetic soul that I had 10 for a long time. At that moment，I saw that while his body might show its 11 ，his soul was always young. I truly believe that the key is 12 . Time will make our bodies grow old，but whether we grow old in our hearts is a 13 . We can choose to live in fear and watch our souls 14 . Or we can choose to live in love and keep our souls forever young. It doesn’t 15 if we are nine，nineteen，or ninety. We seem like children. May you always live with the love of a child. 1. A. ignored B. witnessed C. sensed D. watched 2. A. thought of B. kept off C. approached D. observed 3. A. slowly B. softly C. quickly D. gracefully 4. A. smooth B. clear C. rough D. beautiful 5. A. accepted B. raised C. earned D. counted 6. A. compared B. quarreled C. joked D. dealt 7. A. cool B. sweet C. bitter D. light 8. A. shared B. hid C. changed D. forced 9. A. curious B. poor C. disappointing D. shining 10. A. expressed B. saved C. developed D. seen 11. A. age B. wealth C. education D. feeling 12. A. wisdom B. company C. motivation D. love 13. A. choice B. chance C. belief D. game 14. A. leave B. shrink C. disappear D. rise 15. A. bother B. matter C. work D. help Ⅴ. 语法填空 One day，I was comfortably waiting for my flight with a good book to read when 1. ________ elderly lady wheeled to our waiting area. I noticed the trouble she was having 2. (try) to open a packet of nuts with her shaking hands. No one else was willing to meet her gaze(目光)，so I offered to help. The lady was very grateful. We sat and 3. (chat). The time came to board the plane. She could walk but needed some 4. (assist)，so I volunteered to help her and carry her bag. As I helped her get 5. (settle)，I noticed her “seat mate”，a businessman，looked a bit horrified at having to make the flight with her. He offered to change 6. (seat) with me—and I agreed. We had a long chat. As we were entering another country，we needed to fill out forms. I offered to fill 7. (her) out because of her shaking hands. We landed and I needed to change planes，but I helped her first. The wheelchair she ordered was nowhere to be seen so we slowly walked to the gate 8. her daughter was waiting. As a result，I had to run to catch my connection but，as I thought about the experience，I saw her 9. my airport angel，a chance for me to hope that in the future when I’m in my eighties and traveling，someone will take the time 10. (connect) with me. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 4 短语(Phrases) 语法讲义 2024-2025学年人教版高二英语选择性必修第四册 英语24字整体教学 整体掌握 教师版 7-4-3 目 录 短语(Phrases) · 思维导图 整体掌握 · 语法精讲 规律探析 · 基础巩固 透析语法 · 能力提升 突破考点 短语(Phrases) · 思维导图 整体掌握 · 语法精讲 规律探析 I. 概念 英语中的短语是有一定意义但不构成独立从句或句子的一组词。从形式角度划分，英语的短语可分为名词短语、动词短语、形容词短语、副词短语、介词短语等。英语短语的句法功能通常与对应的单词的句法功能类似，比如，名词短语与名词功能相似，在句中主要充当主语、宾语；介词短语主要充当定语、状语、补语。例如： He failed to get the first prize in the match. 在这个句子中the first prize是名词短语，in the match是介词短语。 II. 几类短语的具体用法 1. 名词短语(NP) many good students许多优秀的学生 his beautiful wife他的美丽的妻子 the best answer最好的答案 those sweet roses那些甜美的玫瑰 Many people have been reported to be infected by the novel coronavirus globally. (作主语和宾语) 报告称全球已有很多人感染了新冠病毒。 Many people including doctors，nurses and scientists are real heroes. (作表语) 包括医生、护士和科学家在内的很多人都是真正的英雄。 [总结] [即学即练1] 找出下列句中的名词短语，并指出其作什么成分。 ①I have three close friends. ________________ ②There are some red roses on that small table. ________________ ③The cute boy wearing blue jeans is my brother. ________________ 【答案】 1　 three close friends作宾语 2　 some red roses作主语；that small table作宾语 3　 the cute boy作主语；blue jeans作宾语；my brother作表语 2. 动词短语(VP) 构成 例词 动词＋副词 put away收起来 look back回顾 break down出故障 turn up出现 动词＋介词 bring about引起 look into调查 get over克服 insist on坚持 动词＋副词＋介词 add up to总计 keep away from不靠近 look down on轻视 keep up with赶上 动词＋名词＋介词 catch sight of看见，瞥见 make use of利用 pay attention to注意 make sense of理解 Old-fashioned phones matter when wireless networks break down in disasters. 无线网络在灾难中瘫痪的时候，老式电话起到重要作用。 You look well. The air and the seafood in Sanya must agree with you，I suppose. 你气色很好，我想三亚的空气和海鲜肯定适合你。 He will have to find some other work，for he can’t put up with this loud noise any more. 他必须找其他工作，因为他再也无法忍受这么大的噪音。 [即学即练2]　找出下列句中的动词短语 ①I don't get on with the people at work. ________________ ②I don't much care for television. ________________ ③I'm afraid I'll have to ring off. Someone is calling me. ________________ 【答案】 1　 get on with 2　 care for 3　 ring off 3. 形容词短语(AdjP) 形容词短语是指由几个形容词或形容词及其修饰语构成的短语。 构成 例句 两个或多个形容词可以由and，but等并列连词连接，构成形容词短语 Your room is large and beautiful. (作表语) 你的房间大且漂亮。 He is young but clever. (作表语) 他年轻但聪明。 very等程度副词作修饰语，可与形容词构成形容词短语 It is very hot today. (作表语) 今天很热。 The road is long enough. (作表语)这路够长的。 介词及其宾语可用在形容词后修饰形容词，可与形容词构成形容词短语 I am sure of success. (作表语) 我确信会成功的。 The bottle is full of water. (作表语) 瓶子里装满了水。 不定式在形容词后作修饰语，可与形容词构成形容词短语 He is sure to come. (作表语)他一定会来的。 [即学即练3]　找出下列句中的形容词短语，并指出其作什么成分。 ①Glad to accept，the girl nodded her agreement. ________________________ ②The room was awfully dirty. ________________________ ③He cast it a second time，and drew in an old basket full of sand. ________________________ 【答案】 1　 glad to accept作原因状语 2　 awfully dirty作表语 3　 full of sand作后置定语 4. 副词短语(AdvP) 副词短语是指由几个副词或副词及其修饰语构成的短语。在句中主要作状语。 构成 例句 两个或多个副词可以由and，but等并列连词连接，构成副词短语 I tried again and again. 我试了一遍又一遍。 very，extremely，clearly等程度副词作修饰语，可与其他副词构成副词短语 He runs extremely fast. 他跑得快极了。 其他类型的副词短语 I was so deeply moved that I couldn’t fall asleep deep into the night. 我是如此感动，以至于在深夜都无法入睡。 [即学即练4]　找出下列句中的副词短语 ①He can finish that much quicker. ________________________ ②She types quickly and correctly. ________________________ ③That man talked too much. ________________________ 【答案】 1　 much quicker 2　 quickly and correctly 3　 too much 5. 介词短语(PrepP) 介词短语是介词和其他代词或名词或词组搭配构成的短语。在句中作状语、表语、补语、定语等。 构成 例词 介词＋名词 at the door，into the bag 介词＋代词 for me，of others 介词＋介词短语 from across the street，until after dinner 介词＋副词 from below 介词＋复合结构 with the light on The world’s population is likely to peak at 9. 7 billion in 2064. (作状语) 世界人口可能会在2064年达到97亿的峰值。 Thanks to his efforts in epidemic prevention and control，our neighborhood has been in a good state. (作定语，作表语)(2020·全国 Ⅰ) 多亏他在疫情防控方面做的努力，才使得我们社区状况良好。 [即学即练5]　找出下列句中的介词短语 ①A man stepped out from behind the wall. ________________________ ②Change the oil in the car every 5，000 miles. ________________________ ③I saw him walking along the street. ________________________ 【答案】 1　 from behind the wall 2　 in the car 3　 along the street 基础巩固 透析语法 Ⅰ. 指出下列句中的黑体部分属于哪种类型的短语 1. The kids are playing on the grass rather happily. ________________________ 2. They picnicked in the woods. ________________________ 3. I won't go home until after the exam. ________________________ 4. It was no surprise when we were told that our grandfather had passed away. ______________________ 5. Do you know the reason why the automobile breaks down？ ________________________ 6. At last，the police found out the car full of drugs. ________________________ 【答案】 1． 副词短语 2． 介词短语 3． 介词短语 4． 名词短语 5． 动词短语 6． 形容词短语 Ⅱ. 单句语法填空 1. The most beautiful tourist _____________________(attract) in China is the West Lake. 2. He was very _____________________(confuse) about the result of the exam. 3. I believe he will give up _____________________ bad habit. 4. Most _____________________(importance), everyone should have a positive attitude. 5. That’s all for my _____________________(introduce). 6. Students of various cultures can communicate _____________________ each other. 7. (2020· 天津高考) Nothing can _____________________(achieve) without dedication and frustration.   8. I am _____________________(terrible) sorry to have you waiting for such a long time. 【答案】 1． attraction 2． confused 3． the 4． importantly 5． introduction 6． with 7． be achieved 8． terribly Ⅲ. 完成句子 1. I have _____________________.   我有三个亲密的朋友。 2. _____________________ to learn English well.   对我们来说, 学好英语是很重要的。 3. We will try to _____________________.   我们将努力使我们的国家更美丽。 4. I wish you _____________________.   祝你平安归来。 5. I won _____________________ in the Chinese speech contest.   我获得了汉语演讲比赛的一等奖。 6. We are _____________________ responsible for our actions.   我们都要对自己的行为负全部责任。 【答案】 1. three close friends 2. It is very important for us 3. make our country more beautiful 4. a safe return 5. the first prize 6. all entirely IV. 短文语法填空(以介词为主) My husband and I were paying a visit to my parents 1. ________________ Tucson. We went to a fast­food restaurant 2. ________________ dinner together. My husband went to the counter to order dishes and I 3. ________________ (stand) with my parents. My dad is 90 years old. He can hardly see very well and walks with a stick. I was scanning the restaurant，waiting 4. ________________ (sit) at the first table that was more convenient than others. A woman who was sitting with her son made eye contact with me and asked me to come to her. 5. ________________ a puzzled look on my face，I pointed to 6. ________________(I) and said，“Me？”She nodded and said，“Yes，you. ”I walked to the table and she said，“Bring your family here. I can finish eating 7. ________________ the counter. My son is 8. ________________ a hurry to leave anyway. ”My eyes were filled with tears as she wiped down the table and guided my dad to the seat. I always believe that there are naturally kind people 9. ________________ this world. This woman has set a good example 10. ________________ her son，who is a really lucky guy. 【答案】 1． in 2． for 3． stood 4． to sit 5． With 6． myself 7． at 8． in 9． in 10． for V. 根据提示翻译下列语段，尽可能多地运用本单元的语法 上周日，我们的志愿者俱乐部(NP)去了敬老院。一到那里，我们就开始打扫卫生(VP)，然后为老年人理发、唱歌。脸上带着灿烂的笑容(PrepP)，老人们高兴地观看了我们的表演。虽然很累，但是我们感到很开心(AdjP)。最为重要的是(AdvP)，我们能够为他人做些有益的事情。 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Last Sunday，our volunteer club went to the home for the aged. On arriving there，we got down to doing some cleaning，after which we cut hair and sang songs for the elderly. With big smiles on their faces，they watched our performance happily. Tired as we were，we felt very happy. Most importantly，we could do something beneficial to others. 能力提升 突破考点 Ⅰ. 请写出下列黑体短语的类型及其所充当的成分 1. He could only understand a word here and there. ________________________ 2. Don’t fall for(＝Don’t be attracted by) her beauty. ________________________ 3. In spite of the difficulties，we went on with our work. ________________________ 4. We need to build a factory twice larger than this one. ________________________ 5. She carried a basket full of eggs to visit her grandmother. ________________________ 6. New office buildings are going up everywhere. ________________________ 7. The letter on the desk is for Mr Wu，our department manager. ________________________ 8. He was so hungry that he finished off everything on the table. ________________________ 9. He has been working here as an assistant to the chairman for ten years. ________________________ 10. We found everything in the lab in good order before doing the experiment. ________________________ 【答案】 1． 副词短语作状语 2． 名词短语作宾语 3． 介词短语作状语 4． 形容词短语作后置定语 5． 形容词短语作后置定语 6． 名词短语作主语 7． 介词短语作后置定语 8． 动词短语作谓语 9． 介词短语作状语 10． 介词短语作后置定语 Ⅱ. 单句写作 1. 政府向失业者分发食品。(介词短语作后置定语) _________________________________________________________ 2. 因为大雨飞机没有准时起飞。(名词短语作宾语) _________________________________________________________ 3. 这个男孩应受惩罚，因为他偷了店里的平板电脑。(动词短语作谓语) _________________________________________________________ 4. 如果这个账单五天内没有交付，你的煤气供应将会被切断。(介词短语作状语) _________________________________________________________ 5. 这个可怜的人从一个高台上跌下来，彻底残疾了。(形容词短语作表语) _________________________________________________________ 【答案】 1． The government gave out food to people out of work. 2． The plane didn’t take off on time because of the heavy rain. 3． The boy deserved punishment for stealing the tablet of the shop. 4． If this bill is not paid within five days，your gas supply will be cut off. 5． The poor man fell off a high platform and became totally disabled. Ⅲ. 阅读理解 The Wuhan Institute of Shipbuilding Technology was used as a quarantine site(隔离区) from Feb 8 to March 28. Cheng Shining，a junior of Central China Normal University in Wuhan，was responsible for collecting and distributing supplies for quarantined people and medical staff. As the youngest volunteer at this site，he also chose to live there so that he could show up whenever he was needed. One day Cheng and two other volunteers took more than 3 hours to move all 1,462 boxes of mineral water to storage with 50 firemen’s help. Cheng says，“A single person’s strength is limited，but we know the whole country is helping us. ” Cheng was a volunteer for the Military World Games held in Wuhan last October. It was the first time he saw his hometown under the world’s spotlight. “I’ve experienced the highlight of Wuhan，and now when my hometown touched a low point，I want to get through the difficulty together with the city，” Cheng says. Like Cheng,28-year-old Wuhan local Zhu Aobing also volunteered to help his home city. He signed up right away to be a volunteer for the vaccine. A total of 108 Wuhan locals became the first group of COVID-19 vaccine volunteers in March. They are healthy adults aged from 18 to 60 selected from thousands of people who applied. “Since the lockdown，I’ve always been thinking what I can do for my hometown during the epidemic，”he says. Zhu is a freshman of Hubei University of Technology in Wuhan. He joined the army when he was 18 years old and served for five years. However，Zhu didn’t want to miss the chance to study further，so he decided to go to college last year. “No matter how long I have finished my military service，I always have the responsibility to go to the front line when the country needs me，and when facing this pandemic(疫情)，being a vaccine volunteer is what I should do，” he says. 1. How does Cheng sound when talking about the help from the firemen? A. Descriptive and serious. B. Generous and exciting. C. Appreciative and optimistic. D. Cautious and supportive. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“A single person’s strength is limited，but we know the whole country is helping us. ”可知，程感激国家和人民的帮助，也因此对战胜疫情充满信心。故选C。 2. How can Zhu help his home city? A. By serving the Military World Games. B. By helping run a quarantine site. C. By studying further in college. D. By being a vaccine volunteer. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“He sighed up right away to be a volunteer for the vaccine. ”以及最后一段中的“being a vaccine volunteer is what I should do”可知，朱帮助自己城市的方式是申请成为疫苗志愿者。故选D。 3. What do Cheng and Zhu have in common? A. They are Wuhan locals. B. They served in the army. C. They are of the same age. D. They graduated from university. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“It was the first time he saw his hometown under the world’s spotlight. ”和第四段中的“28-year-old Wuhan local Zhu Aobing”可知，两位志愿者都是武汉人。故选A。 Ⅳ. 完形填空 Life is full of amazing things we can’t understand or we must embrace. Just today，I 1 one of these things. I was in the grocery store buying things. As I 2 the cashier，I noticed the person in front of me. His back was bent and he walked 3 . His hair was as white as the snow. The skin on his face was 4 . In the eyes of the world，he looked old and ugly. When he slowly 5 the money for groceries，a change took place. He smiled and 6 with the cashier. His laughter sounded like 7 music. His eyes sparkled with delight. He turned to me and 8 his smile. When he did so，I could see his soul 9 . It was the youngest，most beautiful and energetic soul that I had 10 for a long time. At that moment，I saw that while his body might show its 11 ，his soul was always young. I truly believe that the key is 12 . Time will make our bodies grow old，but whether we grow old in our hearts is a 13 . We can choose to live in fear and watch our souls 14 . Or we can choose to live in love and keep our souls forever young. It doesn’t 15 if we are nine，nineteen，or ninety. We seem like children. May you always live with the love of a child. 语篇解读　这是一篇夹叙夹议文。讲述了作者在杂货店看到一位老人，虽然年纪大了，但是他内心依旧年轻。作者从中认识到时间会让我们的身体变老，但我们是否在心中变老是一个选择。 1. A. ignored B. witnessed C. sensed D. watched 答案　B 解析　ignore忽视；witness目击；sense感觉；watch观看。结合“As I the cashier，I noticed the person in front of me. ”可知，此处指作者目睹了生活中一件奇妙的事情。 2. A. thought of B. kept off C. approached D. observed 答案　C 解析　think of想出；keep off远离；approach靠近；observe观察。根据后文“I noticed the person in front of me”可知，此处指走近收银员。 3. A. slowly B. softly C. quickly D. gracefully 答案　A 解析　slowly缓慢地；softly温柔地；quickly快速地；gracefully优雅地。根据后文“His hair was as white as the snow. ”可知，老人年纪大了，走路缓慢。 4. A. smooth B. clear C. rough D. beautiful 答案　C 解析　smooth光滑的；clear清楚的；rough粗糙的；beautiful美丽的。根据后文“In the eyes of the world，he looked old and ugly”可知，老人年纪大了，皮肤粗糙。 5. A. accepted B. raised C. earned D. counted 答案　D 解析　accept接受；raise筹集；earn赚得；count计数。根据后文“the money for groceries”可知，老人在数钱。 6. A. compared B. quarreled C. joked D. dealt 答案　C 解析　compare比较；quarrel争吵；joke开玩笑；deal处理。根据前文“He smiled and”可知，老人和善，在和收银员开玩笑。 7. A. cool B. sweet C. bitter D. light 答案　B 解析　cool凉爽的；sweet悦耳的，甜美的；bitter辛酸的；light轻快的。根据前文老人微笑着和收银员开玩笑以及后文“His eyes sparkled with delight”可知，这里指他的笑声听起来像悦耳的音乐，sweet符合语境。 8. A. shared B. hid C. changed D. forced 答案　A 解析　share分享；hide隐藏；change改变；force强作，强装。根据前文“He turned to me”可知老人也对着作者微笑了。 9. A. curious B. poor C. disappointing D. shining 答案　D 解析　curious好奇的；poor贫穷的；disappointing令人失望的；shining闪耀的。根据后文“It was the youngest，most beautiful and energetic soul”可知，作者看到老人微笑，感觉他的灵魂在闪耀。 10. A. expressed B. saved C. developed D. seen 答案　D 解析　express表达；save拯救；develop发展；see看见。根据后文“At that moment，I saw that while his body might show its”可知，这里指老人是作者长久以来所见过的最年轻、最美丽、最充满活力的灵魂。 11. A. age B. wealth C. education D. feeling 答案　A 解析　age年龄；wealth财富；education教育；feeling感觉。根据前文“His hair was as white as the snow. The skin on his face was”可知，老人头发白了、皮肤也粗糙了，所以他的身体可能会显示出年龄。 12. A. wisdom B. company C. motivation D. love 答案　D 解析　wisdom智慧；company陪伴；motivation动机；love爱。根据后文“Or we can choose to live in love”可知，保持年轻的关键在于爱。 13. A. choice B. chance C. belief D. game 答案　A 解析　choice选择；chance机会；belief信念；game游戏。根据后文“We can choose”可知，是否在心中变老是一个选择。 14. A. leave B. shrink C. disappear D. rise 答案　B 解析　leave离开；shrink收缩；disappear消失；rise上升。此处与后文“Or we can choose to live in love and keep our souls forever young”形成对比，指生活在恐惧中，灵魂就会萎缩。 15. A. bother B. matter C. work D. help 答案　B 解析　bother麻烦；matter重要；work有效；help帮助。根据后文“if we are nine，nineteen，or ninety”以及“We seem like children. ”可知，指9岁、19岁还是90岁都不重要，It doesn’t matter表示“不重要”。 Ⅴ. 语法填空 One day，I was comfortably waiting for my flight with a good book to read when 1. ________ elderly lady wheeled to our waiting area. I noticed the trouble she was having 2. (try) to open a packet of nuts with her shaking hands. No one else was willing to meet her gaze(目光)，so I offered to help. The lady was very grateful. We sat and 3. (chat). The time came to board the plane. She could walk but needed some 4. (assist)，so I volunteered to help her and carry her bag. As I helped her get 5. (settle)，I noticed her “seat mate”，a businessman，looked a bit horrified at having to make the flight with her. He offered to change 6. (seat) with me—and I agreed. We had a long chat. As we were entering another country，we needed to fill out forms. I offered to fill 7. (her) out because of her shaking hands. We landed and I needed to change planes，but I helped her first. The wheelchair she ordered was nowhere to be seen so we slowly walked to the gate 8. her daughter was waiting. As a result，I had to run to catch my connection but，as I thought about the experience，I saw her 9. my airport angel，a chance for me to hope that in the future when I’m in my eighties and traveling，someone will take the time 10. (connect) with me. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者在机场和飞机上帮助一位行动不便的老太太，并且希望以后自己年老时别人也能帮助自己。 1. 答案　an 解析　考查冠词。由于第一次提及老太太，故用不定冠词，elderly的发音以元音音素开头，故用an。 2. 答案　trying 解析　考查非谓语动词。have trouble (in) doing sth. 意为“在做某事方面有困难”，为固定短语，可以省略in，故用trying。 3. 答案　chatted 解析　考查动词的时态。分析句子可知，空处与sat并列，是在陈述过去的事情，故用一般过去时，故填chatted。 4. 答案　assistance 解析　考查词性转换。分析句子可知，本句缺少宾语，assist的名词形式是assistance，为不可数名词。故填assistance。 5. 答案　settled 解析　考查非谓语动词。get settled意为“安顿好”，为固定结构。故用过去分词settled。 6. 答案　seats 解析　考查名词复数。seat是可数名词，根据上下文语境可知，应用复数形式。故用seats。 7. 答案　hers 解析　考查代词。空处作fill的宾语且后面没有名词，所以用名词性物主代词hers。 8. 答案　where 解析　考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词“the gate”，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。 9. 答案　as 解析　考查介词。固定短语see sb. as意为“把某人视作”，故用介词as。 10. 答案　to connect 解析　考查非谓语动词。take time to do sth. “花时间做某事”，为固定搭配。故用不定式to connect。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$