Unit 1 People of Achievement 一轮复习第二课时主题阅读导学案-2025届高三英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册

XB1U1 第二课时 People of Achievement 拓展阅读案 一、阅读理解 The next time you chomp on cheese or sip some wine, remember the French scientist Louis Pasteur who discovered that spoiled milk, fermented beer and wine, and many diseases are caused by bacteria. Louis Pasteur is known as the father of microbiology. In his lifetime, he not only proved that germs are the cause of diseases, but also discovered the process of vaccination, which has saved billions of lives. After graduating from college, he continued working with bacteria. He moved on to work with chickens who were suffering from cholera ( 霍乱). During his experiments, he accidentally infected his chickens. Pasteur’s chickens became mildly sick but did not die. This was strange as every chicken that came near this virus earlier had died. He realized soon that his strain of cholera had become weak. By the time he got a fresh batch of the virus and tried again, the chickens he had injected earlier did not get infected. By being injected by a weak strain of the cholera virus, his chickens developed a resistance against it. We now know that a vaccine injection introduces a weakened strain of bacteria into our body. Our body reacts by creating anti-bodies to fight the bacteria. Now, when our body is exposed to a stronger strain of the same bacteria, it can fight it off. This is immunity. Louis Pasteur received numerous awards for the advancement of biology, chemistry, and medicine. He founded the Pasteur Institute to study contagious diseases. It was the first university to teach microbiology and today there are 32 institutes across 29 countries. For every child vaccinated against a deadly disease, we have Louis Pasteur to thank. As well as for our understanding of the causes of disease. 1 ．Which is NOT true about Louis Pasteur? A ．His efforts have saved billions of lives. B ．He founded the first university to study diseases. C ．He is a celebrated scientist in the field of microbiology. D ．His story inspired all children to make a difference to the world. 2 ．What can we learn from his experiments with chickens? A ．Cholera was not a deadly disease. B ．The chickens got infected intentionally. C ．The chickens infected by cholera survived. D ．The chickens died from cholera at last. 3 ．What does a vaccine injection do? A ．Without it, one will die. B ．It builds up one’s body. C ．It can fight all diseases off. D ．It contributes to one’s immunity. 4 ．What is the purpose of writing this article? 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 A ．To introduce how Louis Pasteur discovered vaccination. B ．To demonstrate the process of vaccination. C ．To honor Louis Pasteur, the French scientist. D ．To call on children to learn from Louis Pasteur. 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 主题词汇拓展： Bacteria Microbiology vaccination suffer from Accidentally 长难句分析： infect mildly strain By the time vaccine injection resistance anti-bodies fight it off Immunity 1. In his lifetime, he not only proved that germs are the cause of diseases, but also discovered the process of vaccination, which has saved billions of lives. 此句中 not only but also 引导两个并列句，which 引导的 ，修饰限定先行 词 ，并在从句中做 。 翻译： 2. By the time he got a fresh batch of the virus and tried again, the chickens he had injected earlier did not get infected. By the time 引导时间状语从句，意为 ，he had injected earlier 作 ， 修饰主语 . 翻译： Passage 2 People have different ways of dealing with a common cold. Some take over-the-counter( 非 处 方 的)medicines such as aspirin while others try popular home remedies(治疗)like herbal tea or chicken soup. Yet, here is the tough truth about the common cold: nothing really cures you of it. So why do people sometimes believe that their remedies work? According to James Taylor, professor at the University of Washington, colds usually go away on their own in about a week, improving a little each day after symptoms peak, so it’s easy to believe it’s medicine rather than time that deserves the credit. It still seems hard to believe that we can deal with more serious diseases yet we are powerless against something so common as a cold. Recently, scientists came closer to figuring out why. To understand it, you first need to know how antiviral(抗病毒的)drugs work. They attack the virus by attaching to and changing the surface structures of the virus. To do that, the drug must fit and lock into the virus like the right piece of a jigsaw(拼图), which means scientists have to identify the virus and build a 3D model to study its surface before they can design an antiviral drug that is effective enough. The two cold viruses that scientists had long known about were rhinovirus(鼻病毒)A and B ．But they didn’t find out about the existence of a third virus, rhinovirus C until 2006.All three of them contribute to the common cold, but drugs that work well against rhinovirus A and B have little effect when used against rhinovirus C . “This explains most of the previous failures of drug trials against rhinoviruses,” study leader Professor Ann C ． Palmenberg at the University of Wiscons in Madison, US, told Scienc Daily. Now, more than 10 years after the discovery of rhinovirus C, scientists have finally built a highly detailed 3D model of the virus, showing that the surface of the virus is, as expected,different from that of other cold viruses. With the model in hand, hopefully a real cure for a common cold is on its way. Soon, we may no longer have to waste our money on medicines that don’t really work. 5 ．Which of the following is NOT the way people usually deal with a common cold? A ．Eating chicken soup. B ．Taking aspirin. C ．Taking exercise. D ．Drinking herbal tea. 6 ．What are antiviral drugs supposed to do? A ．To fit and lock into the cold virus. B ．To exactly copy the cold viruses. C ．To prevent colds from developing into serious diseases. D ．To absorb different kinds of cold viruses at the same time. 7 ．What do scientists still need to find out? A ．Why drugs for treating a common cold sometimes fail. B ．Why the surfaces of different viruses are different. C ．How to build a detailed 3D model of rhinovirus C . D ．How we can effectively fight against rhinovirus C . 8 ．What does the author think of the usual remedies to treat a common cold? A ．Effective. B ．Fruitless. C ．Expensive. D ．Worthwhile. 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 herbal tea cure symptoms peak rather than figuring out attack attach to Effective the existence of contribute to the previous failures as expected 长难句分析： 1. So it’s easy to believe it’s medicine rather than time that deserves the credit. 此句为 ，句式为 。 翻译： 2. To do that, the drug must fit and lock into the virus like the right piece of a jigsaw(拼图), which means scientists have to identify the virus and build a 3D model to study its surface before they can design an antiviral drug that is effective enough. 此句为复合句。其中 主句的主语为 ,谓语动词为 和 ； which 引 导 。 翻译： 三、用单词的适当形式完成短文 （2021·全国·高考真题）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确 形式。 It doesn’t impress like George Washington’s plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, 29 （prove）irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public. Beautifully restored（修复）to its 1860 appearance, the house was Abraham and Mary Lincoln’s home for 17 years. In 1844 they bought it 30 $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their 31 （marry）ceremony in 1842. When the house was built, it was much 32 （small）than it is today. Mary’s niece wrote, “The little home 33 （paint）white.” It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of 34 （she）, everything in good taste and in perfect order. Although Mary loved flowers, 35 she nor her husband was known as a gardener. A long- time neighbor said they never planted trees and only kept a garden for one year. Mary’s sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over 36 （plant）flowers in the front yard. 37 Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two-story in 1856 to meet the needs of their growing family. Three of the four Lincoln sons were born here. After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and 38 （sell）most of their furniture. XB1U1 第二课时People of Achievement 拓展阅读案 参考答案： 1． B 2．C 3．D 4．C （竖着看）细菌 微生物学 种痘 忍受 意外地 传染 和善地 品种 到那时 疫苗注射 抵抗 防抗体 击退 免除 长难句分析： 1. In his lifetime, he not only proved that germs are the cause of diseases, but also discovered the process of vaccination, which has saved billions of lives. 此句中 not only but also 引导两个并列句，which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰限定先行词the process of vaccination，并在从句中做主语。 翻译： 在他的一生中，他不仅证明了细菌是导致疾病的原因，而且还发现了疫苗接种的过程，这挽救了数十亿人的生命。 2. By the time he got a fresh batch of the virus and tried again, the chickens he had injected earlier did not get infected. By the time 引导时间状语从句，意为 到...时候 ，he had injected earlier作 定语 ，修饰主语____the chickens____________. 翻译： 当他得到一批新的病毒并再次尝试时，他之前注射的鸡并没有被感染 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了Louis Pasteur发现疫苗的的过程。 1．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“He founded the Pasteur Institute to study contagious diseases. (他创立了巴斯德研究所来研究传染病。)”可知，他建立的是专门研究传染类疾病的大学，B项：He founded the first university to study diseases.(他创立了第一所研究疾病的大学。)表述错误。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Pasteur’s chickens became mildly sick but did not die.(巴斯德的鸡出现轻微的疾病，但没有死亡)”可知，我们可以从他对鸡的实验中了解到感染霍乱的鸡存活了下来。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Our body reacts by creating anti-bodies to fight the bacteria. Now, when our body is exposed to a stronger strain of the same bacteria, it can fight it off. This is immunity.(我们的身体会产生抗体来对抗细菌。现在，当我们的身体暴露于同一种细菌的更强菌株时，它可以抵抗它。这就是免疫力)”可知，疫苗注射的作用是它有助于增强免疫力。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Louis Pasteur is known as the father of microbiology. In his lifetime, he not only proved that germs are the cause of diseases, but also discovered the process of vaccination, which has saved billions of lives.(路易斯·巴斯德被称为微生物学之父。在他的一生中，他不仅证明了细菌是导致疾病的原因，而且还发现了疫苗接种的过程，挽救了数十亿人的生命)”可知，本文写作目的在于缅怀这位伟大的科学家，提醒我们不要忘记他的卓越贡献。故选C。 5．C 6．A 7．D 8．B herbal tea 凉茶；药茶 cure 治愈 symptoms peak 症状高峰 rather than 而不是 figuring out 弄清楚，搞明白 attack 攻击 attach to （使）贴[系，粘]在…上；（使）相关；（使）牵连；（使）依附 Effective 有效的 the existence of 。。。的存在 contribute to 造成；导致 the previous failures 之前失败的案例 as expected 果然 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 长难句分析： 1. So it’s easy to believe it’s medicine rather than time that deserves the credit. 此句为 强调句型 ，句式为 it is +被强调部分 +that+其他部分 。 翻译： 所以，我们很容易相信，值得称赞的是药物，而不是时间 2. To do that, the drug must fit and lock into the virus like the right piece of a jigsaw(拼图), which means scientists have to identify the virus and build a 3D model to study its surface before they can design an antiviral drug that is effective enough. 此句为复合句。其中 主句的主语为 the drug ,谓语动词为 fit 和 lock ； which 引导 非限制性定语从句 。 翻译： 要做到这一点，药物必须像拼图一样适应并锁定病毒，这意味着科学家必须识别病毒并建立一个3D模型来研究病毒表面，然后才能设计出一种足够有效的抗病毒药物 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了目前没有真正能治愈普通感冒的事实，解释了其科学原因，并且介绍了一种可能真正治愈普通感冒的模型。也许，人们很快就会有治愈感冒的方法。 5．细节理解题。根据第一段中“People have different ways of dealing with a common cold. Some take over-the-counter medicines such as aspirin while others try popular home remedies like herbal tea or chicken soup.(人们对普通感冒有不同的治疗方法。一些人服用阿司匹林等非处方药物，另一些人则尝试草药茶或鸡汤等流行的家庭疗法)”可知，人们会通过服用阿司匹林等非处方药物以及草药茶或鸡汤等来治疗感冒，结合选项，并不包括锻炼。故选C项。 6．细节理解题。根据第三段中“They attack the virus by attaching to and changing the surface structures of the virus. To do that, the drug must fit and lock into the virus like the right piece of a jigsaw, which means scientists have to identify the virus and build a 3D model to study its surface before they can design an antiviral drug that is effective enough.(它们通过附着和改变病毒的表面结构来攻击病毒。要做到这一点，药物必须像拼图一样适合并锁定在病毒中，这意味着科学家必须识别病毒，并建立一个3D模型来研究其表面，然后才能设计出足够有效的抗病毒药物)”可知，抗病毒药物应该像拼图一样适合并锁定在病毒中。故选A项。 7．推理判断题。根据第四段“The two cold viruses that scientists had long known about were rhinovirus A and B. But they didn’t find out about the existence of a third virus, rhinovirus C until 2006. All three of them contribute to the common cold, but drugs that work well against rhinovirus A and B have little effect when used against rhinovirus C.(科学家们早就知道的两种感冒病毒是鼻病毒A和鼻病毒b。但直到2006年，他们才发现第三种病毒——鼻病毒C的存在。这三种病毒都会导致普通感冒，但对鼻病毒A和B有效的药物对鼻病毒C几乎没有效果)”以及倒数第二段“Now, more than 10 years after the discovery of rhinovirus C, scientists have finally built a highly detailed 3D model of the virus, showing that the surface of the virus is, as expected,different from that of other cold viruses.(现在，在发现鼻病毒C 10多年后，科学家终于建立了该病毒的高度详细的3D模型，显示该病毒的表面，如预期的那样，不同于其他感冒病毒)”可推知，现在科学家已经建立了病毒C的高度详细的3D模型，接下来就是要找到对抗鼻病毒C有效药物。故选D项。 8．推理判断题。根据最后一段“With the model in hand, hopefully a real cure for a common cold is on its way. Soon, we may no longer have to waste our money on medicines that don’t really work.(有了这个模型，治愈普通感冒的真正方法有望问世。很快，我们就不必再把钱浪费在那些根本不起作用的药物上了)”可推知，作者认为治疗普通感冒的常用疗法是没有意义的。故选B项。 9．D 10．B 11．A 12．C 13．B 14．B 15．D 16．D 17．A 18．C 19．A 20．B 21．A 22．C 23．C 24．D 25．A 26．D 27．B 28．A 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了美国体操运动员Gabby Douglas为了成为个人全能项目的奥运冠军，不得不远离家乡，去离家1200英里的地方，和一个来自中国的教练一起训练。最终在教练的训练下，Douglas成为世界上最好的体操运动员之一，赢得奥运会全能冠军，成为了第一个获此殊荣的黑人女性。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意： 为了成为个人全能项目的奥运冠军，Gabby Douglas不得不放弃她最熟悉的一切。A. tried尝试；B. thought思考；C. judged判断；D. knew知道、熟悉。由上文“To become the Olympic champion in the individual (个人) all-around event, Gabby Douglas had to leave everything”和下文“1,200 miles away from home”可知，为了成为个人全能项目的奥运冠军，Gabby Douglas放弃她最熟悉的一切，来到一个陌生的地方，故选D。 10．考查动词短语辨析。句意：她不得不整理好她在弗吉尼亚的卧室。A. take up从事；B. pack up整理、收拾行李；C. clean up清理；D. do up装修。由上文“Gabby Douglas had to leave everything”和下文“her bedroom in Virginia”可知，整理好她的卧室，准备离开这里，故选B。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她不得不和她的两只狗以及她喜欢在冲浪板上冲浪的海滩说再见。A. goodbye再见；B. hello你好；C. thanks感谢；D. no没有、否定的回答。由上“Gabby Douglas had to leave everything”可知，Gabby Douglas要离开自己的家，所以与家里的狗说再见，故选A。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她不得不和她的两只狗以及她喜欢在冲浪板上冲浪的海滩说再见。A. cause引起；B. observe观察；C. ride骑、漂浮；D. strike打击。由下文“waves on her board.”可知，此处表示冲浪，ride the waves意为“冲浪”，故选C。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是，是时候迈出这一步了，无论这将是多么令人心碎。A. common平民、普通；B. time时间；C. fun乐趣；D. tough暴徒。由下文“to take the leap (飞跃)”可知，虽然离开自己所熟悉的一切很难，但是是时候该迈出这一步了，故选B。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是，是时候迈出这一步了，无论这将是多么令人心碎。A. breathtaking激动人心的；B. heartbreaking令人心碎的、令人伤心的；C. eye-catching引人注目的；D. head-spinning头晕的。上文提到的Gabby Douglas不得不放弃她最熟悉的一切可知，放弃自己所熟悉的一切是令人伤心，故选B。 15．考查动词短语辨析。句意：所以她离家1200英里，和一个来自中国的教练一起训练。A. dropped out退出；B. moved on继续；C. pulled over靠边停车；D. went off离开。由下文“about 1,200 miles away from home,”可知，Gabby Douglas到了一个离家1200英里的地方，故选D。 16．考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以她离家1200英里，和一位来自中国的教练一起训练。A. reason推理；B. talk谈话；C. compete竞争；D. train培训。由上文“To become the Olympic champion in the individual (个人) all-around event”和下文“with a coach from China”可知，为了成为个人全能项目的奥运冠军，Gabby Douglas离开家，由此可知，她来到这里是为了和一位来自中国的教练一起训练，故选D。 17．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她和一个素未谋面的家庭住在一起，一切对她来说都是全新的。A. met遇到、见过；B. helped帮助；C. understood理解；D. needed需要。由下文“everything was new to her.”可知，一切对她来说都是全新的，所以此处指她和一个素未谋面的家庭住在一起，故选A。 18．考查副词词义辨析。句意： 事实证明，Douglas击败了两名俄罗斯选手，完全完成了她成为奥运冠军所需要做的一切。A. approximately大约；B.gradually逐渐地；C. exactly准确地、完全；D. possibly可能地。由下文“the Olympic all-around title, she became the first black woman to do so”可知，Gabby Douglas获得了奥运会全能冠军，由此可知，Gabby Douglas完全完成了她成为奥运冠军所需要做的一切，故选C。 19．考查动词词义辨析。句意： 事实证明，Douglas击败了两名俄罗斯选手，完全完成了她成为奥运冠军所需要做的一切。A. defeated打败；B. pleased使高兴；C. respected尊敬；D. assisted帮助。由上文“what she needed to do to become Olympic champion”和下文“the Olympic all-around title, she became the first black woman to do so”可知，Douglas击败了两名俄罗斯选手，成为了奥运冠军，故选A。 20．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位中国教练让Douglas成为世界上最好的体操运动员之一，帮助她从国家队的普通队员一跃成为体操运动的顶尖选手。A. forced强迫；B. transformed转换、改造；C. persuaded劝说；D. put放。由下文“Douglas into one of the best gymnasts”可知，这位中国教练让Douglas变成世界上最好的体操运动员之一，transform...into固定搭配，意为“使……变成……”，故选B。 21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位中国教练让Douglas成为世界上最好的体操运动员之一，帮助她从国家队的普通队员一跃成为体操运动的顶尖选手。A. world世界；B. city城市；C. team团队；D. state国家。由下文“the Olympic all-around title, she became the first black woman to do so”可知，Douglas赢得奥运会全能冠军，所以说她是世界最好的体操运动员之一，故选A。 22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这位中国教练让Douglas成为世界上最好的体操运动员之一，帮助她从国家队的普通队员一跃成为体操运动的顶尖选手。 A. amateur业余爱好的；B. elected当选的；C. average平均的、普通的；D. enthusiastic热情的。由下文“member of the national team to the top of the sport”可知，这位中国教练帮助Douglas从国家队的普通队员一跃成为体操运动的顶尖选手。故选C。 23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过赢得奥运会全能冠军，她成为了第一个获此殊荣的黑人女性。A. clarifying 澄清；B. defending打败；C. winning赢得；D. demanding要求。由下文“the Olympic all-around title, she became the first black woman to do so.”可知，Douglas赢得奥运会全能冠军，故选C。 24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她自始至终领先于竞争对手。A. followed跟随；B. organized组织；C. watched观看；D. led带领、领先。由下文“the competition from beginning to end”可知，比赛过程中，Douglas一直领先于竞争对手，故选D。 25．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她说她一直坚信自己会赢。A. confident自信的、坚信的；B. nervous紧张的；C. excited兴奋的；D. uneasy不安的。由下文“all along that she would win.”可知，Douglas一直坚信自己会赢，故选A。 26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在不久前，女子国家队联络人Martha Karoly还认为Douglas不具备成为奥运选手所需要的条件。A. viewed看待；B. appeared出现；C. mattered重要；D. took需要。由下文“to be an Olympian”可知，此处表示Martha Karoly还认为Douglas不具备成为奥运选手所需要的条件，空处表示“需要”，故选D。 27．考查短语辨析。句意：随着时间的推移，她越来越相信自己能够在伦敦奥运会上获胜。A. now and then时不时地；B. more and more越来越多；C. far and wide广泛地；D. on and on不断地。由上文“As time went by”和下文“that she could make the London Games — and win.”可知，随着时间的推移，Douglas越来越相信自己能够赢得伦敦奥运会，故选B。 28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我准备好发光了”。A. shine照耀、发光；B. fly飞行；C. dance跳舞；D. score得分。由上文“I’m going to inspire so many people”和“And shine she did.”可知，Douglas认为自己将会激励很多人，即自己会发光，影响到很多人，故选A。 【点睛】 29．has proved/has proven 30．for 31．marriage 32．smaller 33．was painted 34．herself 35．neither 36．to plant 37．The 38．sold 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国总统林肯在伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德市中心的老房子的变迁史。 29．考查动词时态。句意：它不像乔治·华盛顿在波托马克河畔的种植园那样给人留下深刻印象，但林肯在伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德市中心的家，自从向公众开放以来，就被证明对游客来说是不可抗拒的。根据时间状语“since it opened to the public”可知，此处指过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响，故设空处用现在完成时；主语Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield Illinois是第三人称单数，所以助动词用has，提示词prove 的过去分词形式是proved或proven。故填 has proved/ has proven。 30．考查介词。句意：1844年，他们以1200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地，查尔斯·德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。结合句意可知，此处考查固定短语buy sth. for +价格，意为“以……价格买某物”。故填for。 31．考查名词。句意：1844年，他们以1200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地，查尔斯·德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。marriage ceremony意为“婚礼”，此处用名词作定语，故填marriage。 32．考查形容词比较级。句意：这栋房子建成时比现在小得多。结合设空前的much和设空后的than可知，此处用形容词比较级形式，故填smaller。 33．考查被动语态。句意：这个小房子被粉刷成了白色。分析句子结构可知，设空处作谓语动词，The little home作主语。结合句意及常识可知，房子是“被粉刷”的，主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态；根据上文的was built可知，此处为一般过去时态；一般过去时的被动语态结构是was/were+过去分词；主语The little home是单数第三人称，所以要用was，提示词paint的过去分词形式是painted。故填was painted。 34．考查代词。句意：她非常漂亮，她的房子是她自己的写照，一切都很有品位，井井有条。根据句意可知，此处意为“她自己”，可知此处考查反身代词，作宾语；提示词she的反身代词是herself。故填herself。 35．考查连词。句意：虽然玛丽喜欢花，但她和她的丈夫都不是有名的园丁。根据句意可知，此处考查连词结构“neither…nor…”，意为“既不……也不……”。故填neither。 36．考查动词不定式。句意：玛丽的妹妹弗朗西丝·托德·华莱士经常来前院种花。分析句子结构可知，设空处作状语；根据句意可知，此处是目的状语；目的状语用动词不定式表示，故填to plant。 37．考查冠词。句意：林肯夫妇在1856年把房子扩大到了整整两层，以满足他们日益增长的家庭的需要。根据句意可知，此处意为“林肯一家”；根据设空后的Lincolns可知，此处考查“the+姓氏复数”，表示夫妇俩，或者一家人。设空处位于句首，所以首字母要大写。故填The。 38．考查动词时态。句意：1861年林肯当选美国总统后，他们把房子租了出去，卖掉了大部分家具。分析句子成分可知，设空处和前面的动词rented一起做并列谓语；根据时间状语1861可知，此处用一般过去时态，提示词sell的过去式是sold。故填sold。 4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$