专题04代词精讲 课件-【中职专用】2025年对口高考英语二轮语法专项突破

专题04代词 【中职】二轮专项突破 一．考情分析及命题趋势 真题回顾 考点 近五年真题考查及分值 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 介词 1道短文填空题（1分） 1道单选题（1分）1道补全对话题（1分） 1道单选题（1分） 1道单选题（1分） 介词短语 1道单选题（1分） 1道短文填空题（1分） 1道短文填空题（1分） 1道短文填空题（1分） 1道补全对话题（1分） 命题趋势 考查以介词和介词短语的辨析和介词的搭配为主。未来对介词的考查会更加灵活，并有句子结构更加复杂化的趋势，并设置一定的情景考查介词和介词有关的短语和句型。 二．代词 （一）人称代词 1.人称代词的形式 人称形式 单数 复数 主格 宾格 主格 宾格 第一人称 I me we us 第二人称 you you you you 第三人称 he him they them she her it it 2.人称代词的用法。 人称代词分为主格形式和宾格形式，主格在句中作主语;人称代词的宾格可作及物动词或介词的宾语，也可作表语;在没有谓语动词的句子中，人称代词常用宾格。 I will visit my grandfather in the afternoon.(主格作主语） Thank you for your letter.(宾格作及物动词的宾语) Hi, it's me.(宾格作表语) ----Glad to meet you. ---Me too. （二）物主代词 1.物主代词的分类 物主代词是表示所有关系的代词，是人称代词的属格形式。与人称代词一样，物主代词有第一人称、第二人称和第三人称，每个人称又有单数和复数形式。物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两类。两种物主代词如下表: 类型 词义 我的 你的 他的 她的 它的 我们的 你们的 他们的 形容词性物主代词 my your his her its our your their 名词性物主代词 mine yours his hers ours yours theirs 2.物主代词的句法功能及用法 （1）形容词性物主代词 形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，只能置于名词前作定语。 Is this your car, sir?这是你的车吗,先生? The government has changed its policy. （2）名词性物主代词 名词性物主代词相当于名词,只能单独使用，不起修饰作用,相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”,在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语。 ①作主语 This isn't her watch. Hers is in her pocket.这不是她的手表。她的在她口袋里。 ②作表语 --Is that model plane yours?--那个飞机模型是你的吗? -No, it's hers.--不,是她的。 ③作宾语 Don't help me with my cleaning. Clean yours.别帮我打扫卫生了,扫你的吧。 【典型例题】用适当的代词填空 1.__________(they) house is bigger than_________(our). 2.This is_________(we) garden. 3. The man hit the boy in_________face. 4. The baby smiled on seeing _________mother. 5. Your pen writes better than _________(my). [答案]1.Their, ours; 2. our; 3.the; 4.its; 5. mine 　 （三）反身代词 1.反身代词的形式 表示“我(们)自己”“你(们)自己”“他/她/它(们)自己”的代词称为反身代词。各种人称的反身代词如下表: 数/人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 单数 myself yourself himself , herself,itself 复数 ourselves yourselves themselves 2.反身代词的句法功能 反身代词与它所指代的名词或代词形成互指关系,在人称与数上保持一致,可在句中作宾语、表语、同位语。（1）作宾语 反身代词作动词的宾语,表示动作的承受者就是动作的执行者;也可用在介词后作宾语,与句子主语互指。 She teaches herself English on the radio.她通过收音机自学英语。 Do you think you can move the sofa by yourself?你觉得你自己一个人搬得动沙发吗? He is too young to look after himself.他太小,不能照顾自己。 （2）作表语 After a few days' rest, he was more himself again. He isn't quite himself today 今天他身体有些不舒服.休息几天之后，他的身体好多了。 Is the poor girl in the picture yourself?照片上这个可怜的小姑娘就是你本人吗? （3）作同位语 反身代词作名词或代词的同位语,起加强语气的作用。表示“亲自;本人”的意思。 The boy himself made the model plane.那个男孩自己制作的这个飞机模型。 We have checked the wiring so the problem may be the television itself. 线路我们已经检查过了,所以问题也许出在电视机本身。 3.反身代词的用法 （1）用来加强语气 反身代词用于强调时,经常作主语或宾语的同位语,一般置于所强调的名词或代词后面;如果不影响理解,作同位语的反身代词的位置也可以灵活处理。此时反身代词一般要重读。 The manager himself served the customers. /The manager served the customers himself. 经理亲自为顾客服务。 （2）用于固定短语中 ①反身代词与某些介词搭配,构成固定短语,表示特殊意义。 by oneself独立地单独地;for oneself亲自地,为自己地,to oneself单独用，单独所有; of oneself自动的(地); in oneself本身本质上; He has been living by himself since his parents died.父母死后，他就一直一个人生活。 We don't need to call him; he will wake up of himself.我们没有必要叫他,他会自己醒的。 ② 有些动词与反身代词构成固定搭配,翻译时反身代词多不需翻译出来, dress oneself 自己穿衣 devote oneself to致力于 seat oneself 坐下 say to oneself 心里想着; enjoy oneself 过得快活 teach oneself 自学 help oneself to随便吃，随便用 behave oneself 有礼貌;守规矩 【典型例题】用适当代词形式填空 1. I can't express__________( me) owing to my excitement. 2. It is wonderful to see the human body heals__________after an injury. 3. She is absent from class today,for she isn't quite__________ 4.He often teaches __________English in his spare time. 5. Don't be nervous. Make__________ at home. [答案](1)myself (2)itself (3)herself (4) himself (5）yourself 　 （四）it的用法 1.it的指代用法 （1）指时间、距离、日期、天气、温度等。 It is the darkest hour before the dawn.这是黎明前最黑暗的时刻。(指时间) It is six miles from here to the nearest hospital.从这儿到最近的医院有6英里。(指距离) It is early spring, but it is already very hot. 现在是初春,但天气已经很热了。(第一个it指时间,第二个it 指天气) （2）用以代替指示代词 this 或 that。 -What's this?这是什么? -It's a panda.是只熊猫。 -Whose exercise-book is that?那是谁的练习本? -It's hers.是她的。 2.作形式主语或形式宾语。 (1)代替不定式、v.-ing 形式、名词性从句。 It is dangerous for you to swim in the river. 你在这条河里游泳是危险的。(it 是形式主语,to swim in the river 是真正的主语) It felt very funny watching myself on TV. 看到自己上电视,我感到非常有趣又奇怪。(it作形式主语,watching myself on TV是真正的主语) He didn't make it clear when and where the meeting would be held.他没有讲清楚何时何地举行会议。 (it 是形式宾语,when and where the meeting would be held是真正的宾语) (2)常用it 作形式主语的句式有: It is a pity/shame that... 真可惜…… It is no wonder that...难怪…… It seems/appears that...似乎/看来…… It happens that... 碰巧…… It is said/reported that...据说/据报道…… It is no use/good doing...做某事没有用/好处 It takes sb. some time to do...做某事花费某人多长时间 It is a pity that you didn't attend the concert.你没有去听这次音乐会太可惜了。 It is no wonder that you were late.难怪你来晚了。 In my opinion, it's no use arguing with him.依我看来,同他争论没用。 【典型例题】We all consider __________important that we should put theory into practice. A.that B.which C.this D.it D　 【解析]句意为:我们都认为把理论付诸实践很重要。 分析句子结构可知,此处用it 作形式宾语,而真正的宾语是后面that引导的从句。that，which，this均不能作形式宾语。故选D项。 3.用于强调结构“It is/was +被强调部分+ that/who...”. It was at the palace ball that Mathilde lost her necklace last night.昨晚马蒂尔德是在皇宫舞会上丢的项链。 It was Mathilde who/that lost her necklace at the palace ball last night.昨晚在皇宫舞会上丢了项链的是马蒂尔德。 （五）不定代词的用法 对于不定代词首先要注意其指代的范围，此外更重要的是掌握以下几组易混词语的辨析： 1.all, both, either, neither与none 的区别 代词 用法 all (1)指“(三者或三者以上)所有的人或物”。(2)作主语,指人时,谓语动词通常用复数;指物时,谓语动词通常用单数。 (3)与 not连用表示部分否定。 both (1)表示“两者(都)”。(2)作主语时,谓语动词用复数。 (3)与not连用表示部分否定。 either (1)表示“(两者中的)任何一个”。(2)作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 neither (1)表示“(两者中)无一个”。(2)单独作主语时,谓语动词用单数。(3)后接of 短语作主语时,谓语动词既可用单数,也可用复数。 none (1)表示“(三者或三者以上中)无一个”。(2)后接of 短语作主语时,谓语动词既可用单数,也可用复数。(3)既可指代可数名词又可指代不可数名词。 All the books haven't been sold out. 书还没有全卖完。 Both the brothers don't like the story. 弟兄两个并不都喜欢这个故事。 Either of them isn't satisfactory. 两个中任何一个都不令人满意。 I need some money but there is none at hand. 我需要一些钱,但手头没有。 None of them has/have come back yet. 他们中还没有人回来。 【典型例题】(1)-----Which of these two books will you take? ------ I'll take____________, in case the journey is boring. A. either B. both C.all D.neither B　 【解析]句意为:--你要带这两本书中的哪一本? --两本都带,以防旅途无聊。 从答语后半句in case the journey is boring 可知,答话人潜在的意思是“(两本中)无一个书都要带”。而 either 表示“两者之中任何一个”;all 表示“三者或三者以上全部”;neither 意为“(两者中)无一个”,均不符合语境。故选B项。 【典型例题】(2) We asked both Tony and Jerry, but ___________could offer any help. A.either B. all C.none D.neither D　 【解析]句意为:我们问了托尼和杰里,但他们都不能提供任何帮助。 either 指“(两者之中)任何一个”;all 指“(三者或三者以上的)所有人或物”;none 指“(三者或三者以上)一个也没有”;neither 指“(两者中)无一个”。 根据句意可知选D项 2.each 与 every 的区别 代词 用法 each (1)强调“个体”,可作代词和形容词,指两者或两者以上中的每一个。(2)可以与of短语连用;可作主语、宾语、同位语和定语。作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;作同位语时，谓语动词的数和主语保持一致。 every (1)强调(整体中的)每一个,只能作定语,只用于三者或三者以上中的“每一个”。(2)与not连用构成部分否定。 (3)可用来表示“每隔”。 Each of the boys wants to have a try. (=The boys each want to have a try.) 每个男孩都想试一试。 Every boy in the class has read the book. 班上所有的男孩都已读过这本书。 He visited his uncle every few days. 他每隔几天就去看望他叔叔。 3.another, other, the other, others与the others 的区别 代词 用法 another (1)泛指“另一个”。(2)与数词连用,表示“再,又”,即“another+数词+n.(pl.)=数词 + more + n.(pl.)"。 other 泛指“另外一些”,只作定语,常与可数名词复数连用。 the other 特指“(两者中的)另一个”,常与one连用,构成one...the other.... others 泛指“其余的人或物”,相当于“other+可数名词复数”,不能作定语,常构成some... others.... the others 特指“其余的所有人或物”,相当于“the other+可数名词复数”。 I'll give you another example.我再给你举个例子。 Please bring another three chairs.请再带三把椅子来。 I have no other shoes.我没有其他的鞋子。 Where are the other boys in the class?班里其他的男孩在哪里? Some hobbies are relaxing,others are creative.一些兴趣是让人放松的,还有一些是富有创意的。 Six of them are mine; the others are John's.其中六个是我的;其余的是约翰的。 【典型例题】(1)-------Is he leaving tomorrow? --------No.He'll continue to stay here for _________four or five days. A. another B.other C.the other D.every other A　 【解析]句意为:--他明天走吗?--不,他将在这里再呆四五天。 another 后接数词,表示“再,又”。 故选A项。 【典型例题】(2)-------Mary and Betty look exactly the same to me. --------Oh, sometimes I also find it hard to tell one from___________ A. another B.other C.the other D.the others C　 【解析]句意为:--玛丽和贝蒂在我看来长得一模一样。----哦,有时我也很难分辨出谁是谁。 Tell A from B表示“辨认A和B”,为固定搭配;表示两者中的“一个”和“另一个”用one 和 the other。 故选C项。 4.none,nothing 和 no one/nobody的区别 代 词 用法 none (1)特指语境中提到的人或物。(2)后可接of 短语,可回答以how many/how much引导 的特殊疑问句。 nothing (1)指物,表泛指。 (2)后不接of 短语,可回答what 引导的特殊疑问句。 no one/ nobody 常指人,仅用于指代可数名词单数,其后不可接 of短语。可回答以who引导的特殊疑问句。 There is nothing in the bag.包里什么东西也没有。 No one knows the secret.没有人知道这个秘密。 【典型例题】A man who shows no honor should expect________from a gentleman. A. no one B. nothing C.no D. none B　 【解析]句意为:不尊重别人的人就不应该期待从别人那里得到什么。 nothing 作 expect 的宾语,表否定含义。 选 B项。 5.表数量的不定代词的用法 代 词 用 法 表示意义 含义 few 修饰可数名词 否定含义 几乎没有 a few 修饰可数名词 肯定含义 几个;一些 little 修饰不可数名词 否定含义 几乎没有 a little 修饰不可数名词 肯定含义 少量;一点点 Few ( of us) can speak four foreign languages. (我们当中)很少有人会说四种外语。 I have a few friends, but my younger sister has very few. 我有一些朋友,但我妹妹几乎没有什么朋友。 She can speak a little French, but she knows little English. 她能讲点法语,但她几乎不懂英语。 6.不定代词用于习惯搭配中 nothing but 仅仅,只是 anything but 绝不 something of 有几分,略微 or something诸如此类的人或物 （六）疑问代词 1.what 与 which 的用法区别 (1)当选择的范围较小或比较明确时,多用which;当无选择的范围时,多用 what。但是,如果指人,即使选择的范围不明确,也多用which。 Which color do you like, white , blue or green?白色、蓝色和绿色,你喜欢哪种颜色? What color is your hat?你的帽子是什么颜色的? （2）what 没有范围,后面不跟 of 短语;而 which 的选择范围相对比较小或明确,常与表特定范围的of 短语连用。 What will you do in the future?你将来打算做什么? Which of the books is yours?这些书中哪本是你的? 归纳总结what 的习惯用法: What is the height/weight/depth/length/width/size?高度/重量/深度/长度/宽度/尺寸是多少? What is the population?人口是多少? What is the distance? 距离是多远? What is the price?价格是多少? What is your address?你住在哪儿? What is your attitude?你的态度是怎样的? 2.what 与 who 的用法区别 what 常用于询问某人的职业、外貌、性格特征等;who 常用于询 问某人的姓名、身份等。 ----What is your friend?你那位朋友是做什么的? ----He is a teacher. 他是一名医生。 ----Who is the man? 那个人是谁? ----He is my friend.他是我的朋友 专题02介词与介词短语 考点专练 一．用适当的词填空（共10题，每题1分）。 1.Excuse me, but could you please stop! Such an argument is not getting you____________. 2.-------Have you finished your report? --------No,I'll finish it in ____________ten minutes. 3.-------- Which tie would you prefer, the black tie or the red one, Sir? --------- -I'll take____________to have a change sometimes. 4.-------Do you often talk with your friends on the telephone or mobile phone? ------____________. I like using WeChat. 5. I just choose a simpler lifestyle,____________where I can ride my bike all over and do not have to make a great living to survive. anywhere　 another　 both　 Neither　 one　 一．用适当的词填空（共10题，每题1分）。 6. The doors here are really____________, all made of good wood like mahogany, 7. Tom told me that he needed a chair and that soon he found ____________. 8.------Which of the white shirts appeals to you most? -----____________. I prefer a yellow one. 9. Lei Feng is a hero,____________, I think, that will be remembered by Chinese forever. 10.-----How old can you guess your new English teacher is? -------It's hard to say. But I guess him to be____________between 35 and 40. something　 one　 None　 one　 anywhere　 二．单句改错（共10题，每题1分）。 1.I like my sister Cecile best because we look like each other and all of us have very dark hair and dark eyes. ___________ 2.-----Mum, Mary bought a parrot yesterday. Could you please buy it for me? -----Sure. But you must take good care of it. ___________ 3. She bought two toys,but either can please the child. ___________ 4. As we all know it, smoking is very harmful. ___________ 5. I worried about it whether I hurt his feelings. ___________ all→both 第一个it →one 　 either→neither　 去掉it 去掉 it　 二．单句改错（共10题，每题1分）。 6.They need two another people to complete this work. ___________ 7. How far is from your company to the place where you live? ___________ 8. Some parents thought useless for girls to go to school. ___________ 9. There seems to be nothing seems impossible for him in the world. ___________ 10.I hate when my mother asks me to eat eggs. ___________ another →other/more　 is后加it　 thought后加it　 nothing 后加 that　 hate 后加it 　 三．单项选择（共15题，每题1分）。 ( )1.【2018·职教高考】-----Why do you like swimming? -------Because I find ________very relaxing. A.it B.one C.those D.these A　 【答案】 A 【分析】本题考查代词的用法。 【详解】本句句意为:-你为什么喜欢游泳? --因为我发现游泳很让人放松。 find it+形容词，意为“发现某事是什么样的”，it作find的形式宾语， 故选 A。 ( )2.【2021·职教高考]------Amy, is this Jenny's bike? ------- Let me see.Oh,no._________is red. A.She B.Hers C.Her D.Herself B　 【答案】B 【分析】本题考查名词性物主代词。 【详解】句意:-埃米，这是珍妮的自行车吗?--让我看一看。哦，不。她的是红色的。 根据语境可知，此处需要填 hers，表示“Jenny’s bike”。 故选B。 ( )3.【2022·职教高考】This pen doesn't work.Can you give me __________one? A.other B.others C.another D.the others C　 【答案】C 【分析】本题考查不定代词的用法。 【详解】句意:这支笔坏了。你能再给我一支吗? one 为单数含义， another +可数名词单数。 故选C。 ( )4.【2022·职教高考】------ Peter, what would you like, milk or coffee? -------___________is fine. I don't mind. A.Both B.Neither C.Either D.All C　 【答案】C 【分析】本题考查不定代词的用法。 【详解】句意:-皮特，你想喝什么，牛奶还是咖啡?--都行。我不介意。 结合选项可知 C项符合题意。 故选C。 ( )5【2022·职教高考]Do you know the girl to_________he is talking? A.whom B.which C.who D.that A　 【答案】A 【分析】本题考查疑问代词的用法。 【详解】句意:你认识正在和他说话的女孩吗? 此句应为He is talking to the girl, the girl 充当宾语，应该选 whom。 故选A。 ( )6.(2023年山东春考)-------I'd like some more cheese. --------- -I'm sorry there's__________ left. A. some B.any C. neither D.none D　 【答案】D 【分析】本题考查不定代词的用法。 【详解】句意“一我想再来点奶酪。”“一对不起，没有了。” 故为D。 ( )7. (2019 年山东春考)-----There is ________with my car. I can't start it. ----- - Let me check it. A. something wrong B.wrong something C.nothing wrong D.wrong nothing A　 【答案】A 【分析】本题考查不定代词的用法。 【详解】本题中问句意为“----我的车有点毛病，我发动不起来. ----让我检查一下。” 此处需要用something，不定代词的定语一般需要后置. 故选A。 ( )8.(2016年山东春考)------May I use___________mobile phone? ---------- Sorry, ___________is left in the office. A.you;I B. your; my C.yours;mine D.your; mine D　 【答案】D 【分析】本题考查名词所有格和名词性物主代词。 【详解】句意为“我可以用一下你的手机吗?”“对不起，我的(手机)落在办公室了” 故选D。 ( )9.(2017年山东春考)-------What a wonderful model car! ---------- Thanks. I made it with a 3D printer by__________. A.it B.me C.itself D. myself D　 【答案】D 【分析】本题考查反身代词。 【详解】句义:“----好棒的模型汽车。-----谢谢，我自己用3D打印机做出来的。” 可知，此处强调我自己。 故选D ( )10.It rained heavily all the time. __________he_________his friends enjoyed the holiday. A. Neither; nor B.Not only; but also C.Either;or D.Both;and A　 【答案】A 【分析】本题考查不定代词。 【详解】句意:“雨一直下得很大，他和他的朋友都没有享受到假日。” Neither...nor...既不……也不……;Not only...but also...不但……而且……;Either...or...或者……或者……;Both...and...两者都。 故选A。 ( )11.-------I'm thirty. Can you give me __________water? --------Sorry, I don't have_______. A.some; some B.some; any C.any;any D.any; some B　 【答案】B 【分析】本题考查不定代词。 【详解】句意:“--我口渴了，能给我一些水吗?--抱歉,我没有。” some 常用于肯定句中,但是当说话者期望得到对方肯定的回答或表示请求建议时,some 可用在问句中;any 常用于否定句和疑问句,用在肯定句中表示任何。 故选B ( )12The weather in Hainan is hotter than _________in Harbin . A.that B.it C.this D.one A　 【答案】A 【分析】本题考查指示代词。 【详解】句意为”海南的天气比哈尔滨热”。 it特指上文中提到过的具体的事物,为同一个;this表示近指,意为“这个”;one指同一类人或事;that作为替代词，可以指可数名词单数或不可数名词，weather为不可数名词。 故选A ( )13. -------I'm sorry I made several mistakes in the final exam. ---------It doesn't matter._________ makes mistakes. A. Someone B. None C.Everyone D.Nobody C　 【答案】C 【分析】本题考查不定代词的用法。 【详解】句意:“一对不起,期末考试我出了几个错。--没关系,每个人都会犯错。” 故选C ( )14.Of all the books on the desk, _________is of any use for our study. A.nothing B. no one C.neither D.none D　 【答案】D 【分析】本题考查不定代词。 【详解】句义:“桌上的所有书，没有一本对学习有用。” of all表示比较范围在三者以上。be of any use 中 any暗示了主语的全部否定,所以用 none，表示“三者或三者以上都不”。 故选D ( )15. This lesson is of great value. ___________can be enjoyed unless you understand it. A. Nothing B. Everything C.Something D. Anything A　 【答案】A 【分析】本题考查不定代词的用法。 【详解】本句句意为“这节课非常重要。什么都享受不到除非你理解了它。” 此处是双重否定结构,表示强烈的肯定。unless 表示“除非”，相当于if... not，只有Nothing 符合逻辑。 故选A 四．语篇训练（共15空，每空1分）。 “Without the ball, I'm half complete of 1___________ ,” Luis Figo, one of the world's greatest football players once said. The Portuguese played his first international match in 1991 at the age of 18 and has kept scoring ever since. He reached a new mark on February 18 by playing 2___________one hundredth match for his national team in a friendly match against England. A crowd of more than 30,000 fans watched and cheered for 3___________ in Lisbon.“Figo,Figo,” 4___________ (all,both) shouted excitedly when he walked onto the field. The Real Madrid player,31, wants to help his country in Euro 2004 and to win 5___________ (another, other)Spanish Cup with Real Madrid.Madrid bought Figo from FC Barcelona for 60.1 million dollars in2000,and he showed 6___________ (everyone, anyone) what a great player he was by winning FIFA's Footballer of the Year award in 2001. myself　 his him　 　all another　 everyone　 四．语篇训练（共15空，每空1分）。 “Figo works like an artist and has the skills to be the most complete player,”said FIFA President Joseph Blatter in 2001.“Figo 7___________ is a real leader 8____________always tries his best on the field and a good team player. He doesn't have any problems working together with his teammate at Real Madrid，star footballer David Beckham.” In fact, Figo was the first 9___________to welcome Beckham when he arrived.“We have a strong team,and we can help one 10 ___________and work together to be successful," Figo said. himself　 who　 　one another　 谢谢观看 $$