专题15 定语从句（考点精讲）-【中职专用】2025年高考英语一轮复习讲练测（河北专用）

►专题15定语从句 考点精讲 一、定语从句的概念 在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，通常位于定语从句之前。引导定语从句的有关系代词who, whom, whose, which, that等和关系副词where, when, why等，关系代词和关系副词，既起到连接作用，又在定语从句中担任句子成份。 总结定语从句的一般结构为：先行词+关系词+定语从句 This is the present that he gave me for my birthday. Do you know everybody who came to the party? This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived. 二、先行词和关系词 （1） 先行词 定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词，常由名词或代词充当，通常置于定语从句之前。 先行词 类别 例句 名词 表示人的名词 I prefer singers who can write their own lyrics. 表示物名词 The package which/that you are carrying is mine. 代词 those 那些人 Those who are selfish never think about others. （2） 关系词 引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词代表着先行词并在定语从句中充当一个句子成分。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词；关系代词或关系副词既起连接作用,又充当从句中的一个成分。 This is the house where Luxun once lived. =This is the house in which Luxun once lived. 1. 关系代词 关系代词 作用 先行词 例句 who 主语/宾语 人 This is the boy who often helps me.  I happened to meet the professor (who/ whom) I got to know at a party in the shopping center yesterday. whom 宾语 人 The man whom you are waiting for has gone home. that 主语/宾语 人或物 This is the pen that writes well.  This is the pen that you want.  The tallest player that plays football for our team is from Fujian. which 主语/宾语 物 The room in which there is a machine is a work shop. The river which is in front of my house is very clean. whose 定语 人或物 The room whose door is blue is mine. as 主语、宾语 人或物 He is such a person as is respected by all of us. This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. 2.关系副词 关系副词 作用 先行词 例句 when 状语 时间 I'll never forget the day when I met you for the first time. where 状语 地点 This is the place where we have lived for 5 years. why 状语 原因 I don’t know the reason why he was late. 3.注意： （1）关系代词和关系副词功能有三个 ① 用来引导定语从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。 ② 关系代词和关系副词可作定语从句的一个成分。关系代词可作主语、宾语、定语；关系副词可作状语。 ③ 关系代词和关系副词在从句中代替在他前面的先行词。 （2） 一般情况下，关系代词作宾语时可以省略，但若关系代词在从句中作介词宾语，且介词在关系代词前，不能省略， I’ll never forget the day that we spent together. 我永远都不会忘记与你共度的时光。（可省略） I’ll never forget the day on which we met each other. 我永远不会忘记我们初次见面那一天。（不可省） （3）与关系代词不同，关系副词在从句中作状语，状语并不是句子必须成分，所以即使没有关系副词，从句的内容也完整。这是关系副词与关系代词最大的不同，也是做选择题的关键。同时，关系副词大多可以拆分成介词+which的形式。 This is the house where Luxun once lived. =This is the house in which Luxun once lived. 三、分类 定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 （一）限制性定语从句 从句对先行词进行必要的描述或说明，缺少它，则句义显得不完整，从句与先行词紧密相连。同先行词之间一般不加逗号，仅修饰先行词，可以由关系代词、关系副词或that来引导。 （二）非限制性定语从句 从句对先行词进行补充说明，解释，它与先行词之间有逗号隔开，既可修饰先行词，又可修饰整个主句，不可用that引导。 （三）区别 区别 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 形式不同 主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开，口语中使用时也不停顿 Is he the man who/ that wants to see you. China is a country which has a long history 从句与主句之间通常有逗号隔开，口语中使用时有停顿 You did a lot for me, for which I was grateful. His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him 功能不同 对先行词的意义进行修饰、限制和识别，如果去掉，就会造成句意不完整或概念不清 People who take physical exercise live longer.   对先行词起补充说明作用，如果省略，句意仍然清楚、完整 His daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week 翻译不同 翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前 He is the man whose car was stolen 定语从句与主句分开 I’ve invited Jim, who lives in the next flat. 含义不同 不止一个 I have a sister who is a doctor.  His brother who is nowa doctor always encourages him to go to college. 只有一个 I have a sister ,who is a doctor.  His brother, who is now a doctor, always encourages him to go to college.  先行词不同 名词、代词 The man whom you are waiting for has gone home. Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green 名词/代词短语/句子/专有名词/独一无二性的普通名词 Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous. He changed his mind, which made me very angry. Mr. Smith, who is our boss, will leave for Japan next week. 关系词不同 关系词that和 why可用于限制性定语从句中 关系词有时可以省略 I’ll never forget the day that we spent together.（可以省） 关系词 that和 why不可用于非限制性定语从句中，关系词不可以省略 四、常考知识点 （一）只能使用that,不用which 的情况： 1.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which。 He was the first person that passed the exam. 2.被修饰的先行词为all，any，much，many，everything，anything，none，the one等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which。 Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？ 3.先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last，little，few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which。 This is the same bike that I lost. 4.先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that， 而不用which I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room. 5.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that. Who is the girl that is crying？ 6.主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which. There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. （二）只能用which，不用that的情况： 1.先行词为that，those时，用which，而不用that. What’s that which is under the desk？ 2.关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that. This is the room in which he lives. 3.引导非限制性定语从句，用which，而不用that. Tom came back，which made us happy. 4.关系代词 whom，which在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放在先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 或 which 放先行词后，而将介词置于定语从句的后面。 That was the room in which we had lived for ten years. = That was the room which we had lived in for ten years. （三）只用who不用that的情况 1.当先行词是one, ones,anyone或those时。 2.there be 结构中。 3.当先行词是人，后面有较长修饰语时。 4.为了避免重复或引起歧义。 5.当先行词是I,you,he,they （四）as和which 引导非限制性定语从句 1. as 和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。 （1）He married her, as / which was natural.   （2）He is honest, as / which we can see.   2. as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至还可以分割主句。  which 引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。另外，as 常常有“正如、正像”的含义。 （1）As is known to all, China is a developing country.    （2）He is from the south, as we can know from his accent.   （3）John, as you know, is a famous writer.   （4）The air quality in the city, as is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months. （5）He has been to Paris ten times, which I don’t believe.  注意：当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往只用which。 （1）Tom was late for school again and again, which made his  Teacher very angry. （2）This table is made of metal, which made it very heavy.  3.当先行词受such, the same 修饰时，关系词常用as。  ①I’ve never heard such stories as he tells.   ②He is not such a fool as he looks.   ③This is the same dictionary as I lost last week.   注意：当先行词受the same 修饰时，也可能用 that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。 She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding.   她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的同一条连衣裙。 She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore.   她穿着跟她妹妹所穿的一样的连衣裙。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！学科网（北京）股份有限公司9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$